2011年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）
Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）
it was done at all.
They say they hope the study will inspire similar collaborations between scientists whose focusis safely exploiting specific natural resources and those interested mainly in conserving them.
“We need to merge those two communities,”said Steve Murawski, chief fisheries scientist forthe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This paper starts to bridge that gap”
The collaboration began in 2006 when Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie Universityin Halifax, Nova Scotia, and other scientists made an alarming prediction: if current trendscontinue, by 2048 overfishing will have destroyed most commercially important populations ofsaltwater fish. Ecologists applauded the work. But among fisheries management scientists,reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report.
Among the most prominent critics was Ray Hilborn, a professor of aquatic and fisherysciences at the University of Washington in Seattle. Yet the disagreement did not play out in typical scientific fashion with, as Dr. Hilborn put it, “researchers firing critical papers back andforth.” Instead, he and Dr. Worm found themselves debating the issue on National PublicRadio.
“We started talking and found more common ground than we had expected,”Dr. Worm said.Dr. Hilborn recalled thinking that Dr. Worm “actually seemed like a reasonable person.”
The two decided to work together on the issue. They sought and received financing andbegan organizing workshops at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, anorganization sponsored by the National Science Foundation and based at the University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara.
At first, Dr. Hilborn said in an interview, “the fisheries management people would go to lunchand the marine ecologists would go to lunch”一separately.
But soon they were collecting andsharing data and recruiting more colleagues to analyze it.
Dr. Hilborn said he and Dr. Worm now understood why the ecologists and the managementscientists disagreed so sharply in the first place. For one thing, he said, as long as a fish species was sustaining itself, management scientists were relatively untroubled if its abundance fell to only 40 or 50 percent of what it might otherwise be. Yet to ecologists, hesaid, such a stock would be characterized as “depleted”一“a very pejorative word.”
In the end, the scientists concluded that 63 percent of saltwater fish stocks had been depleted“below what we think of as a target range,” Dr. Worm said.
But they also agreed that fish in well-managed areas, including the United States, wererecovering or doing well. They wrote that management techniques like closing some areas tofishing, restricting the use of certain fishing gear or allocating shares of the catch to individualfishermen, communities or others could allow depleted fish stocks to rebound.
The researchers suggest that a calculation of how many fish in a given species can be caughtin a given region without threatening the stock, called maximum sustainable yield, is lessuseful than a standard that takes into account the health of the wider marine environment.They also agreed that solutions did not lie only in management techniques but also in thepolitical will to apply them, even if they initially caused economic disruption.
Because the new paper represents the views of both camps, its conclusions are likely to be influential, Dr. Murawski said. “Getting a strong statement from those communities that thereis more to agree on than to disagree on builds confidence,” he said.
At a news conference on Wednesday, Dr. Worm said he hoped to be alive in 2048, when hewould turn 79. If he is, he said, “I will be hosting a seafood party — at least I hope so”
Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）
Topic 1 （选题一）
As I mentioned last week, I’ve recently returned from Australia. While I was there, I visited a eucalyptus forest that, in February, was the scene of an appalling wildfire. Perhaps naively, Ihad expected to find that many trees had been killed. They hadn’t. They had blackened bark,but were otherwise looking rather well, many of them wreathed in new young leaves. Thisprompted me to consider fire and the role it plays as a force of nature.
Fossil charcoals tell us that wildfires have been part of life on Earth for as long as there havebeen plants on land. That’s more than 400 million years of fire. Fire was here long beforearriviste plants like grasses; it pre-dated the first flowers. And without wanting to get mysticalabout it, fire is, in many respects, a kind of animal, albeit an ethereal one. Like any animal, itconsumes oxygen. Like a sheep or a slug, it eats plants. But unlike a normal animal, it’s ashape-shifter. Sometimes, it merely nibbles a few leaves; sometimes it kills grown trees.Sometimes it is more deadly and destructive than a swarm of locusts.
The shape-shifting nature of fire makes it hard to study, for it is not a single entity. Somefires are infernally hot; others, relatively cool. Some stay at ground level; others climb trees.Moreover, fire is much more likely to appear in some parts of the world than in others. Satelliteimages of the Earth show that wildfires are rare in, say, northern Europe, and common in partsof central Africa and Australia. (These days many wildfires are started by humans, either onpurpose or by accident. But long before our ancestors began to throw torches or cigarettebutts, fires were started by lightning strikes, or by sparks given off when rocks rub together inan avalanche.)
Once a fire gets started, many factors contribute to how it will behave. The weather obviouslyhas a huge effect: winds can fan flames, rains can quench them. The lie of the land matters,too: fire runs uphill more readily than it goes down. But another crucial factor is what type ofplants the fire has to eat.
It’s common knowledge that plants regularly exposed to fire tend to have features that helpthem cope with it —such as thick bark, or seeds that only grow after being exposed to intense heat or smoke. But what is less often remarked on is that the plants themselves affect the nature and severity of fire.
The shape-shifting nature of fire makes it hard to study, for it is not a single entity. Somefires are infernally hot; others, relatively cool. Some stay at ground level; others climb trees.Moreover, fire is much more likely to appear in some parts of the world than in others. Satelliteimages of the Earth show that wildfires are rare in, say, northern Europe, and common in partsof central Africa and Australia. (These days many wildfires are started by humans, either onpurpose or by accident. But long before our ancestors began to throw torches or cigarettebutts, fires were started by lightning strikes, or by sparks given off when rocks rub together inan avalanche.)
Once a fire gets started, many factors contribute to how it will behave. The weather obviouslyhas a huge effect: winds can fan flames, rains can quench them. The lie of the land matters,too: fire runs uphill more readily than it goes down. But another crucial factor is what type ofplants the fire has to eat.
It’s common knowledge that plants regularly exposed to fire tend to have features that helpthem cope with it —such as thick bark, or seeds that only grow after being exposed to intense
heat or smoke.
Topic 2（选题二）
抱歉，暂未在互联网上找到试题来源。
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation（汉译英）
Part A
抱歉，暂未在互联网上找到试题来源。
Part B
Topic 1
非物质文化遗产是民族文化的精华、民族智慧的结晶。我国有56个民族，各民族在长期的历史发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的非物质文化遗产。
改革开放以来，由于工业化和城市化的加速，人们的生产生活方式发生了重大变化，也使非物质文化遗产赖以生存的环境不同程度地遭到破坏。
作为一种鲜活的文化，非物质文化遗产是民众生活的重要组成部分，在当代仍然散发着独特的光彩和魅力，仍然是传承文化、推动社会发展的不竭动力，是文化创新的基础和源泉。
因此，抢救和保护那些处于濒危和生存困境中的非物质文化遗产，已成为时代赋予我们的非常紧迫的历史任务。
文化生态保护区是以保护非物质文化遗产为核心、对历史积淀丰厚、存续状态良好、具有鲜明地域文化特色和价值的文化形态进行整体性保护，以促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展而划定的特定区域。
Topic 2
抱歉，暂未在互联网上找到试题来源。
Section 1: 英译汉
Part A 必译题
暂无，我们会尽快补充译文。
Part B 二选一题
Topic 1 （选题一）
我国控烟和禁烟形势依然严峻
尽管我们在控烟和禁烟方面做了大量工作，取得了一定成效，但控烟和禁烟形势依然严峻。
一、普遍对烟草烟雾危害性认识存在四大误区。禁烟难、难禁烟，主要是对烟草烟
雾的危害不认识或认识不足，甚至把吸烟说成好处多、贡献大、危害小、不伤害他人。这些错误的认识包括：
吸烟“好处多”。很多烟民认为，吸烟可以消除疲劳、解除烦闷、振奋精神、刺激情绪; 吸烟可以防止虫叮蚊咬，以毒攻毒消除某些病害；吸烟可以社交联谊、广交朋友、潇洒浪漫；吸烟可以帮助大脑启发思考、写作带来灵气等。
吸烟“贡献大”。吸烟是为国家做贡献、创造财富、增加税收、脱贫致富、解决就业。没有烟民，国家哪能每年收入几千个亿元税收，解决上千万人的就业，国家应感谢烟民，从而为吸烟找到所谓正当理由。
吸烟“无大害”。许多烟民和社会公众认为吸烟有点害但无大害。主要是尼古丁的毒害，这种毒害也是轻微的、漫长的、潜移默化的，只要自己身体好无大害，你看某位亲人一辈子吸烟活到九十九，不影响健康长寿。
其实，一些烟民只知道吸烟对人体的呼吸系统有影响，不知道烟雾中含有4000多种化学物质；只知道吸烟可能致癌，不知道烟雾中至少有40多种致癌物质；只知道吸烟有害，不知道烟雾还有毒，烟雾中含有许多有毒有害致病物质，如烟碱、二氧化氮、氢氰酸、丙烯醛、砷、铅、汞等。烟雾对人群的危害超过工业污染的化学气体，对人体的大脑、心肺、肝、脾、胃、肾，对人体的性功能、生殖功能都有不同程度的伤害，甚至将严重影响生育繁衍质量。
吸烟“不伤害他人”。这是在公共场所和工作场所禁烟难的一个重要原因。
烟民错误地认为，吸烟是自己的权利，自己的自由，不受他人干涉。对于烟雾污染环境、污染空气质量，对二手烟、三手烟、主动吸烟、被动吸烟造成对他人健康侵害和享有清新空气的环境权的侵害不认知、不支持，我行我素。有的认为有点影响问题也不大，缺乏共同营造文明环境的思想和道德素质。
对吸烟的范围从维护公众健康的角度做出了一些行政规定，但对控烟与健康做出发展规划，以及对设置吸烟区(室)、禁止吸烟标志、限制做烟制品广告宣传等做出相应规定，执行和落实的都不够理想。
在奥运会期间，应该说执行得很好，基本上实行无烟奥运，受到各国运动员的好评。但是在奥运会、残奥会结束后，这些规定的执行没有很好延续下来，巩固发扬成效，反而出现反弹。
在控烟、禁烟的执法过程中经常遇到4个突出问题:一是行政执法主体不明确，执行范围界定不严格，执法部门的力量、经费等不能适应执法要求；二是执法的惩罚规定不明确，对违法违规者不能执行惩罚影响执法力度和法规的权威性；三是社会监督没有形成氛围；四是执法效果不明显。
公众参与控烟活动不广泛不深入，尚未引起社会的高度关注。控烟和在公共场所禁烟，不只是对烟民而言，要烟民戒烟需要社会、烟制品行业、每个社会公民的共同努力才能实现，更多的是关爱、理解、支持和帮助，和谐共建无烟公共场所。
中国的控烟禁烟工作开展的比较晚，但通过立法来实施公共场所无烟化已是大势所趋，并得到社会和公众的共识。目前，一些少数省市从行政法规的角度提出控烟和禁烟的规定。但国家尚无一部在一定范围内实行控烟、禁烟的法律。据了解，国家已在做这方面的准备工作，我们相信到2011年国家承诺到期时间会有相应的法律出台，推动中国禁烟工作深入开展。
Topic 2（选题二）
暂无，我们会尽快补充译文。
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班 2010年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题答案 育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生: 历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视. 有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。 part I Vocabulary and Grammar 6. B 2. D 3. B meteorologist 气象学者 4. D 5. A 6. D except 后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的,而except for 后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。例如,试比较:All the buildings are excellent except this one./All the buildings are excellent except for their location. (all 和glimmer 不是同一类事物) 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. A The child reached out a hand towards the apple . Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a small printed leaflet...朱蒂把手伸进提包，拿出一张小的印刷传单给我。I reached across the table and squeezed his hand...我把手伸到桌子的另一边，捏住他的手。13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B apt, liable, prone: 三个词都含“易于的”意思, 它们只能作表语, 不能作定语, 后面都接不定式。apt 是常用词, 尤其是用在口语中, 表示“有...倾向的”、“易于...的”, 如: He is apt to get excited over trifles.他容易为小事而激动。liable 指“易于产生某种(对主语)不利的后果”, 因此常用于警告, 如:Y ou're liable to get cold if you are not careful.你若不当心就有可能感冒。prone 侧重主语(往往是人, 极少用于物)的本性, 使之“倾向于”(某种弱点、错误或不良行为), 如:He was prone to anger.他易于发怒。17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 苦恼的;难过的;哀伤的Someone who feels wretched feels very unhappy. 26. D insurance rate 保险费率 27. B excessively accommodating/excessively meticulous; fussy/They were exceedingly kind. 28. B 29. B 30. A PART II T ext A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项 designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。2．【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家 会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting， meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3．【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia， 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“（阿拉伯）数字”，不表示数量，不能与rising 形成搭配；C 项amounts“数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指 的是cases，可数名词）；D 项sums“金额，款项”，不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”，修饰可数名词（如： large numbers of cases 大量的病例），符合题意。 4．【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思（第二段）形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性，所以根据But 和in
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编88 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、词语翻译(总题数：27，分数：50.00) 1.英译汉 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 2.civil law （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：民法) 解析： 3.mass transit （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：公共交通；大容量公共运输(工具)) 解析： 4.wage theory （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：工资理论) 解析： 5.mock epic （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：讽刺史诗) 解析： 6.counterespionage （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：反间谍活动) 解析： 7.high seas （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：公海；远海) 解析： 8.CYO （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：首席元老(Chief Yearly Officer)) 解析： 9.irrigation and drainage （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：灌溉与排水) 解析：
全国2011年4月自学考试英语翻译试题 课程代码:00087 I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.) 1. A nation's greatest wealth is the industry of its people. A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。 B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。 C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。 D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。 2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。 B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。 C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。 D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。 3. I wasn't their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally. A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。我是他们的盟友。 B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。我是他们的盟友。 C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。 D.无论在事实上，还是在感情上，我都不是他们的敌人，而是他们的盟友。 4. His preoccupation with business left him little time for his family. A.他全神贯注于事业，为他的家庭留下了很少的时间。 B.他对事业的全神贯注留给他的家庭的时间就很少。 C.他对事业全神贯注。他能与家人共度的时间就很少。 D.他全神贯注于事业，因而能与家人共度的时间就很少。 5. A jeep, full, sped past, drenching me in spray. A.一辆吉普车载满了人，速度很快，溅了我一身水。 B.一辆载满了人、速度很快的吉普车溅了我一身水。 C.一辆载满了人的吉普车疾驶而过，溅了我一身水。 第 1 页
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编74 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、词语翻译(总题数：27，分数：50.00) 1.英译汉 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： https://www.doczj.com/doc/d17306087.html,ernment watchdog （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：政府监督) 解析： 3.carbon footprint （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：碳足迹，碳排放) 解析： 4.Twitter （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：推特) 解析： 5.funemployment （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：失业乐活) 解析： 6.Diesel oil （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：柴油) 解析： 7.汉译英 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 8.借词 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：loanword) 解析： 9.全球暖化 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：global warming) 解析： 10.经济不景气 （分数：2.00）
2010考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析 "Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice. 当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来. Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency. 宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约. It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.'' 事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说.可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的.“我觉得很悲哀.我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板.没有钱，我需要这份工作.每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧.” 原文： 原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下： Sustainability has become something of a buzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popular word) these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.
2008年真题参考译文 达尔文在其自传中用极其谦逊的口气评价了自己的智力。他指出，想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的时候，他总会遇到很大的困难。46)他相信，正是这种困难或许能够扬长补短，以使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子；因此，使他能在推理和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。他认为自己完全不具备杰出的赫胥黎那样的反应速度和理解力。47)他还断言，在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的一系列观点上，他的能力很有限。鉴于此，他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。他还认为自己的记忆杂乱而模糊，从某一个方面来说，甚至是很糟糕，以至于他记住某个日子或者是一行诗歌的话，几天就能忘记。48)另一方面，批评家指责他尽管善于观察，但却不能推理，对此，他并不接受且认为毫无依据。他认为，这种批评是错误的，因为《物种起源》这本书从头到尾都是长篇大论，却说服了很多有才华的人。他承认，如果不具备推理能力，没有人能够写出这样的书。他愿意这样说自己：“我具有一定的发现能力和常识判断能力，正如每一个成功的律师和医生必须具备的一样；但是，我认为，我的水平不高。”49)他谦虚地补充道，或许他“和普通人比起来，更能够注意到那些别人容易忽略的细节，更能够对此加以仔细观察”。 在生命最后一年的写作中，他表示，在过去的二三十年中，他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。到三十多岁的时候，诗歌带给他极大的快乐以前，绘画也能给他带来兴致，而音乐能给他无穷的乐趣。然而，他在1881年说：“这几年来，读一行诗，我就受不了。我也几乎快要丧失了自己对音乐和绘画的品味了。”50)达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至更可能损伤道德。 2009年真题参考译文 每个人在与别人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意识地对年轻人进行的教育，这两者有明显的区别。就前者而言，教育是偶然的；这种教育是自然的、重要的，但它并不是人类联合的确切的原因。46)可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79 (总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00) 1.汉译英（分数： 2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 2.2010年12月，为了向年轻一代普及航天科学教育，海南省开始在文昌市建设航天主题公园。公园占地1800亩，紧邻文昌卫星发射中心。工程预计花费30亿元，在2013年完工。这个航天主题公园将分四个展览区，包括地球、月球、火星和太阳。游客甚至可以进入发射台，实地观看火箭发射。 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：To promote aerospace science and general aviation knowledge among the younger generation, in December 2010, Hainan province begins to build a Space Flight Theme Park in Wenchang Cit-y. Covering an area of 1,800 mu (120 hectares) , the theme park is located at Wenchang Satellite Launch Center. The whole project is estimated to cost 3 billion yuan (455 million U. S. dollars) and is expected to be finished in 2013. The park will have four exhibiti-on sections, featuring the earth, moon, Mars and the sun. Visitors can even enter the launch station and watch the actual rocket launch.) 解析： 3.1957年10月苏联成功发射第一颗人造卫星，揭开了人类历史由地球迈向太空的第一页。此后短短半个世纪里，人类的外空探索活动突飞猛进，取得了辉煌的成就。人类不仅成功登陆月球，而且还将研究的触手伸向火星等更为遥远的星球。截止到2006年底，环绕地球飞行的各类人造物体，包括人造卫星、航天飞机、国际空间站、空间实验室等接近6000个。 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：On October, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite, which turned the first page in human history of entering the space. During the half century coming after, humans" explorations in outer space have grown by leaps and bounds and have made brilliant achievements. Humans not only successfully landed on the moon, but also reached toward even more distant planet such as Mars. At the end of 2006, the number of the various types of artificial objects flying around the Earth, including satellites, space shuttles, international space stations, space laboratories, etc. is already close to 6,000.) 解析： 4.博鳌论坛的经历给了刘晓宁不小的打击，生活上的拮据让她开始反思自己做公务员两年多的经历。都说公务员舒服，但刘晓宁每天的工作时间都在10小时以上，加班到晚上八九点钟，是很正常的事。如果有活动，赶工到夜里12点，也是家常便饭。 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The experience in Boao Forum is not a small blow to Liu Xiaoning. The bare livelihood forced her to reflect on her life as a civil servant for more than two years. Every one says that civil servants enjoy a comfortable life, but Xiaoning works more than 10 hours everyday. Working overtime until eight or nine in the evening is perfectly normal. When there are activities, staying up to 12 at night is also not uncommon.) 解析： 5.我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为，老龄化会减少劳动力供给，降低社会储蓄率，导致产出和资本形成能力下降，最终影响经济增长。同时，发达国家的实际表明，随着人口老龄化，养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升，加重政府财政负担。与发达国家“富老同步”或者“先富后老”相比，
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied
一、翻译命题原则和测试重点 1. 汉译英题型 2. 一般的短句翻译，内容日常，关键在正确用词、搭配、语法。 3. 实质为补全句子，考察语法结构和词组运用知识：句型、词 组、单词拼写、大小写、标点符号等 二、翻译原则与应试技巧 1. 正确理解原文词义，正确选词，重点吃透原文 例如：入世与否，对中国来讲，是一个面子问题。 The access to WTO, for China, is a question of dignity 2. 注意词的搭配：重点是定语和中心词、动宾 例如：1. 他整个下午都在忙着接电话。 He was busy answering the telephones all afternoon. 2. 被告在法庭上承认了自己的罪行。 The accused confessed his crime in court. 3. 具体翻译方法的运用 （1）增译法：冠词、时态词、动态词、连词、概括词 例如：a. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后 modesty helps one to go forward, while conceit makes one lag behind. 例如: b.谁都知道战场是艰苦的 Everyone knows that life on battlefields is very hard. （2）减词法a：使之符合英文习惯，不能死译
例如：中国足球的落后状态必须改变。 The (state/condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. 总结：汉语中的范畴词在英文中往往省略，用英文中 相应的抽象名词翻译,常考范畴词为： 谦虚态度：modesty 发展过程：development 残暴行为：brutality 同情心理：sympathy 悲伤情绪：sadness 无知表现：innocence 稳定性： stability 灵敏度：sensibility 防爆措施：anti-violence 同化作用：assimilation （3）转换词性：重点是动词派生词、介词和副词 例如a：看到喷气式飞机令我非常向往。 The sight of the jet filled me with special longing. 例如b: 她越过草地、跨上台阶。 She skimmed over the lawn and up the steps. （4）巧用英语中的词缀 表能力的‘得’（able-，-ible）：消息靠的住吗？Is…reliable? 表‘过多’的over-：她加班了5个小时：she overworked for 5… 表‘免除’的‘- free’：昆明是个不冻城：Kungming is a ice-free.. 表‘超过’的‘out-’: 他比他妻子多活了3年：…outlived his wife for… 考察重点 虚拟语气
考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
翻硕14年英语翻译基础真题 第一部分短语翻译 英译汉部分(1*15=15’) CA TTI GRE GDP play of words Kumara Jiva semantic translation cultural untranslatability descriptive translation studies idiomatic expressions in English ideological conflict interpreter's booth negative transfer of culture over-loaded translation Robinson Crusoe Gone with the Wind 汉译英部分(1*15=15’) 兵马俑 高等专业人才 高等师范教育 研究生资格考试 形似 端午节 忠、顺 信达雅 文化偏见 黑话 形式与内容的统一 英汉翻译内在规律 《英译汉入门须知》 《词义剖析与词典编纂》 官方语言 第二部分文章翻译 英译汉(60’) A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personalexperience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel's worth of merchandise,I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another's
wife, I amfree.” This is a prevalent misconception in many people'sminds---that love, like merchandise, can be “stolen”。Numerous states, in fact,have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”。 But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought,sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, achange in the climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is “stolen” by another person, thathusband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposedtoward a new partner. The “love bandit” was only taking what was waiting to betaken, what wanted to be taken. We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of thechildren “belonging” to their parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone else. Eachperson belongs to himself, and to God. Chil dren are entrusted to their parents,and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right toremove them from their parents' trusteeship. Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheartbeing taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At thetime, we may have resented this intruder---but as we grew older, we recognizedthat the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruderthat “caused” the break, but the lack of a real relationship. On the s urface, many marriages seem to break up because of a“third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. Theother woman orthe other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving or a marriage that hadalready lost its essential integrity. Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than thebitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “comebetween” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, forpeople are not the captives or victims of others---they are free agents,working out their own destinies for good or for ill. But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe thathis beloved has freely turned away from him--- and so he ascribes sinister ormagical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or ahome-breaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken,the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene. 关于凯程： 凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。 凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯 凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里 信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿 使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构 激情：永不言弃，乐观向上 敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业 平衡：找到工作、生活、家庭的平衡点 服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学