1.The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise and market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise and market-oriented economy.
分句1红色是economy的定语从句：consumers largely determine A by B
分句2灰色是determine的宾语从句：what shall be produced
分句3紫色是goods and services的定语从句：they want most
第二步：语言知识
be organized around A 和A有关，且A是架构之一
Determine by A 通过A来决定
spend for....for是表目的的
（如果这个基础知识不知道！！就要查）
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：it is the the demand and the desire
分句2 that引导的的定语从句：that determine what and how, 其中先行词是the demand and the desire
分句3 是what引导的宾语从句：what shall be produced
分句4是how引导的宾语从句：how resources are used to produce it.
其中分句3和4是并列的，而且分句3和4从属于分句2，分句2是主句的定语从句。
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit
more consumers to buy the product.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：this will tend to increase the supply
分句2 which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词两个，之间的部分：which will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
从句if是整个句子的前提：If producing more xxx
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of
productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：the concept embraces not only the ownership but also certain rights
此子无分句，但是有ving做后置定语，其中including展开的是certain rights中的例举，其中to determine xx or to make a xx 是并列。
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。
5.At the same time, these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：these computers record which hours and which employers.
分句1 which 引导是主句的宾语从句：which hours are busiest
分句2是which 引导的主句的宾语从句：which employers are the most efficient.
另外一个句子是简单句：they identify preferred customers.
其中分句1和2是并列的. 而且有两个主句，注意区分开。
再有allowing是后置定语修饰，作为结果。
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：enterprises bring services to consumers.
无分句，本句是个简单句。
其中两个from....to....是修饰enterprises的，表示范围涉及.....
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
第一步：句子成分分析
句子1：children are different.
主句2：their education must be adapted to those differences.
两个简单句。其中in 表示哪里不同。For引导的是个目的状语。（注意不叫目的状语从句，因为这不是个句子）
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three
decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：The great interest indicates the strong felling.
分句1：all citizens deserve the opportunity
其中分句1是主句the strong feeling 的同位语从句，展开了the strong feeling的内容。
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing
a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution.
无分句，是个简单句。
其中thereby和so表示两个结果，结果状语。
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
第一步：句子成分分析
主句：advertiser dare promote a product.
分句1是that引导的定语从句，先行词是a product：that fails to live up to the promise.
第二步：语言知识
根据个人情况总结即可。
第三步：翻译（注重意思，请不要在这一步上浪费过多时间，否则得不偿失）
除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。
八年级英语阅读理解专项练习 A One day a rich man and a businessman met in a restaurant. For their lunch they both ordered soup. When it was brought, the rich man tasted it, but the soup was so hot that he burned his mouth and tears came into his eyes. The businessman asked him why he was crying. The rich man didn’t want to tell the truth and he told a lie,“Sir, I had a brother who was killed last year. I was thinking of his death, and that made me cry.”The businessman believed his story and began to eat his soup. He also burned his mouth so much that he had tears in his eyes. The rich man noticed it and asked the businessman,“Sir, why do you cry?”The businessman, who now saw that the rich man had cheated him, answered,“Oh, I’m crying because you were not killed together with your brother. I) 根据短文内容判断正（Ｔ）误（Ｆ）（５分） ( )76.The rich man didn’t tell the truth. ( )77.Though the rich man burned the mouth, he shouldn’t have told the lie. ( )78.The rich man had a brother who was burned. ( )79.The businessman believed the rich man’s story at first. ( )80.The businessman’s answer showed that he was very happy. II) 根据短文内容将下列句子排序．（５分） 81.They ordered the soup and the soup was so hot that the rich man
passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned．There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging．Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other．What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all．We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged．The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing．We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute．The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing．No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us． The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing．They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement．If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution．Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake．In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme．The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us．Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law． Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems．And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information．'Talk, talk, talk,’the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser．’It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge．After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser．‘Possible, my lord,’the barrister replied,‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed．’Knowledge
Unit8 How do you like a banana milk shake A Every country has its favorite food. Italians like to eat pizza. Indians like to eat hot food. Japanese like to eat fish. Often they don’t cook it. In England, one of the most popular kinds of food is fish and chip. People usually buy it in a fish and chip shop. They put it in paper bags, and take it home, or to their workplace. Sometimes they eat it in the park or on the road. The world’s favorite food is American fast food. If you go to some important cities in the world, you can find people eating hamburgers and chips. Fish and chips, and Chinese take-away food are very popular in England. But they are less popular in the USA; they eat take-away food, too, like chicken. But the most popular kind of take-away food is the hamburger. It looks like bread with meat in it. Ham (火腿) is a kind of pork, but the hamburger does not have any pork in it. The beef is inside a kind of cake hamburgers are delicious. They are also popular in England and Australia. （）1. Italians like to eat __________. A. dumplings B. pizza C. hot food D. fish ( )2. Fish and chips are very popular in ________. A. England B. Australia C. the USA D. Canada ( ) 3. In different countries people eat ______ food. A. different B. the same C. the different D. same
八年级英语阅读理解专项练习题 a one day a rich man and a businessman met in a restaurant. for their lunch they both ordered soup. when it was brought, the rich man tasted it, but the soup was so hot that he burned his mouth and tears came into his eyes. the businessman asked him why he was crying. the rich man didn't want to tell the truth and he told a lie,“sir, i had a brother who was killed last year. i was thinking of his death, and that made me cry.” the businessman believed his story and began to eat his soup. he also burned his mouth so much that he had tears in his eyes. the rich man noticed it and asked the businessman,“sir, why do you cry?”the businessman, who now saw that the rich man had cheated him, answered,“oh, i'm crying because you were not killed together with your brother. i) 根据短文内容判断正（ｔ）误（ｆ）（５分） ( )76.the rich man didn't tell the truth. ( )77.though the rich man burned the mouth, he shouldn't have told the lie. ( )78.the rich man had a brother who was burned. ( )79.the businessman believed the rich man's story at first. ( )80.the businessman's answer showed that he was very happy. ii) 根据短文内容将下列句子排序．（５分） 81.they ordered the soup and the soup was so hot that the rich man burned his mouth first. 82.the businessman also burned his mouth and he was not happy. 83.a rich man and a businessman had lunch in the same restaurant. 84.the rich man told a lie about his brother's death. 85.the businessman realized(意识到) that the rich man cheated him at last. ______ _______ _____ _______ _______ b school kids say goodbye to their flying friends jin jun and his classmates at shanghai nanyang middle school are not very happy to be back from holiday. not because they hate studying, but because some of their best friends on campus（校园） are gone: pigeons. more than 100 pigeons used to(过去常常) fly around campus every day, making students smile during break time. but now, the birds are gone. where? now they're all locked up in a bird cage. bird flu(流感) has landed in shanghai, and expert are afraid the pigeons might spread（传播）the disease if they keep flying around. for safety, the school also asks students to stay away from the cage. “i feel sad for those birds. they're my best friends,” said jin, a 'cani but them, feed to corn bring would i term last “student. 3 junior
2018 英语专八阅读练习题及答案 英语专业八级针对的对象是英语及相关专业大四学生。非英语及相 关专业与非在校生无法参加考试。英语专业八级考试(TEM-8),全称为 全国高校英语专业八级考试。应届毕业生网小编为大家整理了2018 英 语专八阅读练习题及答案汇总，供各位考生参考。 Exploration of the Titanic After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to cone alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age. Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officers quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves. The two-minute videotape and nine photographs, all in color and shot 12,500ft.under the North Atlantic, were a tiny sample of 60 hours of video and 60,000 stills garnered during the twelve-day exploration. They are released at a Washington press conference conducted by Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Wood Hole Oceanographic
人教版英语八年级英语上册阅读理解 一、八年级英语上册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析） 1．阅读理解 Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone around the world without putting a stamp on it? With an email you can just do that. By using computers you can send emails quickly and easily. An email can send its messages to the other side of the world in seconds However, the post is much slower than the email. The email is easy to use and it saves time and money. You can send an email no matter where you are and when it is. In addition, it does not matter if your friends are in bed when you send an email to them, or you are seeing a film at the cinema when they send an email back. （1）With an email you can send a letter without putting _______ on it. A. an address B. a message C. a word D. a stamp （2）The writer wants to tell us something about _______. A. computers B. letters C. emails D. calls （3）Which of the following is TRUE? A. The email is not easy to use. B. The email saves time and money. C. The email comes only at night. D. The email is slower than the post. （4）When can you send an email to your friend? A. In the day. B. At night. C. At any time. D. When your friends are at home. 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）B （4）C 【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述电子邮件的优点，电子邮件可以将信息在数秒时间传到对方手里。 （1）细节题。根据 Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone around the world without putting a stamp on it With an email you can just do that.可知，电子邮件可以不贴邮票而送信，故选D。 （2）推断题。本文讲述电子邮件的优点，电子邮件可以将信息在数秒时间传到对方手里，故选C。 （3）细节题。根据The email is easy to use and it saves time and money.可知，用电子邮件发送信息省钱又省时，故选B。 （4）细节题。根据In addition, it does not matter if your friends are in bed when you send an email to them, or you are seeing a film at the cinema when they send an email back. 可知，随时都可以给朋友发信息，故选C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
（一） Once upon a time, there lived a rich man. He had a servant (仆人). He and the servant(仆人）loved wine and good food very much. Each time the rich man left his home, the servant would drink the wine and eat up all the nice food in the house. The rich man knew what his servant did, but he had never caught his servant doing that. One morning, when he left home, he said to the servant, “Here are two bottles of poison (毒药) and some nice food in the house. You must take of them.” With these words, he went out. But the servant knew that the rich man had said was untrue. After the rich man was away from his home, he enjoyed a nice meal. Because he drank too much, he was drunk and fell to the ground. When the rich man came back, he couldn’t find his food and his wine. He became very angry. He woke the servant up. But the servant told his story very well. He said a cat had eaten up everything. He was afraid to be punished, so he drank the poison to kill himself. ( )1.In the story, _______ liked wine and good food very much. A. the rich man B. the servant C. both A and B D. neither A and B ( )2.The rich man knew that it was _______ that drank the wine and ate up all the nice food. A. the cat B. himself C. nobody D. the servant ( )3.The rich told the servant that there was poison in the two bottles, because ________. A. there was in fact poison in the bottles B. did not want the servant to drink his wine C. he wanted to kill the cat D. he wanted to kill the servant ( )4.In fact, _______ ate all the nice food and drank the wine. A. the servant B. cat C. the rich man D. nobody ( )5.From the story, we know that the servant is very _______. A. lazy B. bad C. clever D. kind 译文： 从前，有一个富翁。他有一个仆人（仆人）。他和仆人（仆人）喜爱葡萄酒和良好的食物非常。每次富人离开家乡，仆人将喝葡萄酒，吃的所有食物中的好房子。财主知道他的仆人一样，但他从来没有被他的仆人这样做。 一天早晨，当他离家出走，他的仆人说，“这里有两瓶毒药（毒药）和一些不错的食品在家里。你必须采取什么样的。“随着这些话，他走了出去。 但仆人知道，富人说是不真实的。在富人是远离家乡，他喜欢聚餐的空间。因为他喝太多，他是喝醉了倒在地上。当富人回来了，他无法找到自己的粮食和他的葡萄酒。他非常生气。他醒来的仆人了。但是，仆人告诉他的故事非常好。他说，猫吃了一切。他害怕受到惩罚，所以他喝毒药自杀。
历年专八短文改错试题 2014年英语专八改错真题答案 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions ( a 前面加also) have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (possessed 改为captured) Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (one前面加as ) What is the explanation for the fact adults have (fact后面加that) more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? What motivates people to acquire additional languages? What is the role of the language teaching in the (language前面去掉the) acquisition of an additional language? What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (去掉the) the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (attempts改为attempting) so. W hether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (or 改为and) focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (involving改为involved) or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (touch改为contact) 2013英语专八改错真题答案 Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) _____ listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language. One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ______ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______ you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______
2017.01.18寒假八年级英语完形与阅读理解 完形填空 Jim was a worker.One of his feet was bigger than___1__.He couldn’t__2____the right shoes___3___ his feet.One day his friend Mike said to him“___4___don’t you go to a shoemaker?A good shoemaker can____5__you the right shoes.”__6____Jim went to the shoemaker near Mike’s home,very soon the shoemaker finished the work.Jim___7___the shoes and wasn’t happy.He___8___the shoemaker,“You aren’t a__9____shoemaker!I wanted you to make me one shoe bigger than the other,___10___you made me one shoe smaller than the other.” ()1.A.other B.the other C.another D.that one ()2.A.see B.look for C.find D.find out ()3.A.for B.with C.on D.of ()4.A.When B.Where C.How D.Why ()5.A.make B.pass C.do D.give ()6.A.Then B.But C.So D.Because ()7.A.saw B.watched C.found D.looked at ()8.A.said B.said to C.spoke D.talked ()9.A.good B.bad C.right D.kind ()10.A.then B.and C.but D.so .阅读理解 A. Peter is thirteen years old.He is in Grade Two this year.He likes to play football and watch football matches.And he often reads newspapers.He does his best to know where and when there is going to be a football match.Now Peter is having lunch.He is listening to the radio,too.He is very happy because there is going to be a nice football match on TV at four this afternoon.He wants to watch it very much.But he is going to have English and Chinese lessons.He thinks hard and finds a way. “Hello,Mrs.Black,”Peter says to his teacher on the telephone,“Peter is ill in bed.He wants to ask for half a day’s leave(请半天假).” “Oh,I’m sorry to hear that.”says Mrs.Black,“But who’s that?” “It’s my father,Mrs.Black.” ()1.Peter is a______. A.middle school student B.Young Pioneer C.worker D.teacher ()2.Peter will be in______next year. A.Grade Two B.Grade Three C.Grade One D.school ()3.Peter often reads news newspaper because_______. A.he likes to read news B.he likes to read stories ..C.he want to know when and where a football match will be D.his father wants him to read them ()4.Peter wants to ask for half a day’s leave because_______. A.his father is ill in bed B.he wants to watch the football match C.he doesn’t like to have English or Chinese lessons D.he is ill in bed ()5.Where sentence(句子)is right? A.Mrs.Black is going to take Peter to see a doctor B.Peter likes to watch TV at four in the afternoon. C.Peter is a stupid(笨的)boy. D.Peter isn’t an honest(诚实的)boy. B Mr.Smith works in an office.He’s very busy and has no time to have a good rest.Every evening,when he comes back from his office,he’s always tired and wants to go to bed early.But his wife often has a lot of interesting things to tell him after supper.She doesn’t stop talking until she falls asleep. One day the man felt terrible and couldn’t go to work.He decided to go to see a doctor.And Mrs Smith went to the hospital with him.Before her husband said what was the matter with him,the woman had told the doctor all and the man understand why.He wrote out a prescription(处方).And when Mr Smith