直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等。
1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：
She said, “I am very happy to be with you.”→She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.
He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He
said(that)he would choose a book for his students.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：
He asked me, “Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me
if/whether I liked watching TV.
He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
注意：大多数情况下， if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether or not he could do the work. / She asked me whether he could do the work or not.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的连接词who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
He asked: “Where are you to get off, John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.
My sister asked me, “How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
Tom asked me, “Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me, “Who was the boy over there?”
4.直接引语是祈使句，其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气)，tell(一般语气)，order (命令语气)或warn, advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成。如：
He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.
“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
5.直接引语变间接引语时，如果引述动词为过去式，需注意时态的变化：如：
1)Betty said, “Lingling is singing in the classroom now.”现在进行时→
Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-过去进行时
2)He said, “I will go to London next week.” 一般将来时→
He said he would go to London next week. 过去将来时
3)My mother said, “I have already cleaned the house.” 现在完成时→
My mother said she had already cleaned the house. 过去完成时
注意:
1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，主句尽管是过去时态，变成间接引语时，时态仍然用一般现在时态。例如：
They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
2.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。如：this→that, these→those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there come→go等。例如：
He said, “I haven’t seen them today.”→He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.
但是，如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方，或在说话的当天，就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之,对这些变化不能机械理解，应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。
3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：
He asked Lucy,“Where did you go?”→He asked Lucy where she w
直接引语和间接引语专项练习
1.单项填空
1.H e said, "I am living with my brother."
He said that was living with his brother.
A. I
B. you
C. he
D. they
2.H e said, "You are sure to get a warm welcome there."
He said that we sure to get a warm welcome there.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. are
3.S he says, "Something is wrong with my bike."
She says that something is wrong with bike.
A. my
B.a
C. his
D. her
4.H e said, "I will not do so again."
He said that he not do so again.
A. will
B. must
C. would
D. do
5.T he teacher said, "My son had the same experience as the little boy." The teacher said that his son had the same experience as the little
boy.
A. been
B. have
C. had
D. done
6.S he said to me, "My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."
She told me that her mother had taken to an exhibition the day before.
A. she
B. me
C. her
D. you
7.Y ou said to me, "I saw the film two days ago."
You told me that you had seen the film
A. two days
B. two days before
C. two days ago
D. yesterday
8.H e said to his younger sister, "You may come with me."
He told his younger sister that with him.
A. you may come
B. you might come
C. she might come
D. she might go
9.T he student said to me, "She has made a close study of the problem."
The student told me that she a close study of the problem.
A. has make
B. have made
C. had make
D. had made
10.He said, "I live here."
He said that he lived .
A. there
B. here
C. in there
D. at there
Ⅱ、将下列句子改为间接引语
1.“I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.
2.He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”
3.“How do you like the food here?” said she.
4.She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”
5.“Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.
II.请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。
1.She said, “Are you from the south?”
She asked I from the south.
2.Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”
Mom me tell a lie.
3.Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.” Susan told me that the Red Star Farm .
4.Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Mr Paul us that light faster than sound.
5.“Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.
The manager him and post the letters.
6.“I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that never meat.
7.“I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He me that he wallet.
8.“I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that it home with her.
9.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun in the east and down in the west.
10.“I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He me that he met the day .
11.“You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I to go before five.
12.“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he bought the house 10 years .
13.“Did you see her last week?” he said.
He I had seen her the week .
14.He said, “You can sit here,Jim.”
He Jim that he sit there
15.He asked, “How did you find it,mother?”
He asked her mother found it.
16.“Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me been days.
17.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked knew where she .
18.“Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He the children making so much noise.
19.“Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me him the news.
20.“Are you intested in this?” he said.
He I was interestd in .
【参考答案】
Ⅱ1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail. 2. He asked me if I was going home that weekend. 3. She asked how I liked the food there. 4. She told me not to ride in the street. 5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.
II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to
3. they had visited; the week before
4. told; travels
5. told; to go
6. he, ate
7. told, had, found, his 8. she, had, taken
9. rise, goes 10. told, had, before
11. had, there 12. had, before
13. asked, if [whether], before 14. told, could
15. how, she, had 16. where, I, had, those 17. if [whether], I, lived 18. told, to, stop
19. not, to, tell 20. asked, if [whether], that