当前位置:文档之家› 英国文学史及选读 2017期末复习-名词解释(最新中英)

英国文学史及选读 2017期末复习-名词解释(最新中英)

英国文学史及选读 2017期末复习-名词解释(最新中英)
英国文学史及选读 2017期末复习-名词解释(最新中英)

名词解释 ENGLISH LITERATURE--DEFINITION OF TERMS

1

singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a

2Critical Realism of the 19th century

of fifties.2)The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.3) Charles Dickens is the most important

3With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other

there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The social inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.

启蒙主义:启蒙主义是在18世纪在英国发生的。总体上,启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义,社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来,启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具

4“Stream-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.

意识流:“意识流”或“内心独白”是现代写作技巧之一。它是像是人物亲身经历的那样来模仿人物思想、感觉、回忆、和头脑中意象来写作的一种手法。爱尔兰作家詹姆斯?乔伊斯于1922年首次使用这种方法。意识流小说打破了时间和空间的限制,生动地描写人物不断变化的潜意识活动,尤其是当人们面对现实时的犹豫和充满困惑、幻觉和心不在焉的那种心理。美国作家福克纳对这种技巧做了进一步的发展,在他的故事中,行为和情节相比叙述者的反应和内心活动已经不那么重要了,时间顺序被打破,读者仿佛置身于故事中而不仅仅是一个观察者。

5

of the society from which it originated.Beowulf is the greatest national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. John Milton wrote three great epics: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained

6

7

second half of the 18th century in Europe,and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part,it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts,music,and literature,but had a major impact on historiography,education and natural history.

浪漫主义是一种艺术,文学和文化运动,起源于第十八世纪下半叶在欧洲,并获得了力量对工业革命的反应。在某种程度上,这是一个反对启蒙和对自然的科学合理化反应时代的贵族社会和政治规范的反抗它在视觉艺术、音乐和文学中表现得最为强烈,但对史学、教育和

81)Romance is a popular literary form in the

(such as bravery, honor, generosity, loyalty and kindness to the weak and poor) is the

9“rebirth”. It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the f ull cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. The essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. The real

10is an English tendency in the Enlightenment

contemporary French ones were worshipped. The neoclassicists believe that the artistic ideals should be order, logic,restrained emotion and accuracy and the literature

11

who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. The imagery is drawn from actual life.

玄学诗:约翰?多恩的诗或17世纪其他诗人写的相同风格的诗。玄学诗多使用巧智,结构精巧,韵律多变,语言口语化,意象奇特,把不同的事物进行并置。

12

Dramatic monologue is a piece of spoken verse that offers insight into the feelings of t he speaker. A form practiced be Robert Browning.

戏剧独白是一种通过剧中一角色的话语以揭示剧中的中心人物的性格特点的诗体,简言之戏剧独白就是以人之口吻以戏剧性的表现形式阐述微妙的人物关系从而凸显诗中各个人物的性格特点。

Feature of dramatic monologue

1. A single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the w hole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment.

2. This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people.

3. The main principle controlling the poet’s choice and formulation of what the lyric s peaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speaker’s

13

Heroic couplet refers to the rhymed couplet in iambic pentameter

Heroic couplets are lines of iambic pentameter that rhyme in pairs (aa, bb, cc).

The Heroic Couplet: 1) It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, in other words, it means iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines. 2) The rhyme

14

graduated from either oxford or Cambridge. They came to London with the ambition to become professional writers. Some of them later became famous poets and

”University Wits”

15贝奥武甫)

typical example of old English poetry, is regarded as the greatest national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.

2> the epic describes the exploits of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful bother, and a fire-breathing dragon in his declining years. While fight against the dragon, Beowulf was mortally wounded, however, he killed the dragon at the cost of his life, Beowulf is shown not only as a glorious hero but also as a protector of the people.

16.Paradise Lost

is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. It is considered by critics to be Milton's major work, and it helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time.The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satanand their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men".

17.Utopia

Moore wrote the book’s name.Described in a island called utopia, political and socia l system is very perfect, because of the abolition of private property, the public ownership, not evil, everyone is engaged in the work, and have plenty of time to rest, entertainment, or for scientific research.Due to represent fantasy realm.莫尔所写的书名。书中描写在一个叫乌托邦的小岛上,政治、社会制度十分完美,由于废除了私有财产,实行公有制,没有罪恶,人人从事劳动,又有充裕的时间休息、娱乐或进行科学研究。因以代表不着边际的空想境界。Utopiaintended for "no place" or "good place".Extension of ideal, can't be done a good thing, the Chinese translation can also be interpreted as "black" is not, "is" on, "state" is a country, the unification of the meaning of "utopia" three word is "dream country"

乌托邦(Utopia)本意为“没有的地方”或者“好地方”。延伸为还有理想,不可能完成的好事情,其中文翻译也可以理解为“乌”是没有,“托”是寄托,“邦”是国家,“乌托邦”三个字合起来的意思即为“空想的国家”

18.Macbeth 麦克白

full title The Tragedy of Macbeth, is a tragedy by William Shakespeare; It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I, who was patron of Shakespeare's acting company, Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright's relationship with his sovereign.and is his shortest tragedy.

Macbeth was a marshal of King Dunken of Scotland, one day,he met 3 witches ,they told him some crazy words, and his wife Mrs Macbeth roused him againsted King Dunken,and became a king himself.Macbeth obey,and did it. Then ,son of Dunken wanted to revenge,he lead the army from England and destroyed his enemy's country,and put Macbeth's head chop off . And the most beautiful Mrs Macbeth killed herself to stop the shame.

19.Othello 奥赛罗

(The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603. It is based on the story Un Capitano Moro ("A Moorish Captain") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio. The story revolves around four central characters: Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army; his beloved wife, Desdemona; his loyal lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted but ultimately unfaithful ensign, Iago. Given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revenge and repentance, Othello is still often performed in professional and community theater alike, and has been the source for numerous operatic, film, and literary adaptations.

20.King Lear

is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It depicts the gradual descent into madness of the title character, after he disposes of his kingdom giving bequests to two of his three daughters based on their flattery of him, bringing tragic consequences for all. Derived from the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king, the play has been widely adapted for the stage and motion pictures, with the title role coveted by many of the world's most accomplished actors.

赏析

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. (主题严肃,语言庄重)

e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey

Artistic features:

1. Using alliteration(押头韵)(该文最大修辞特点,每行第一个词辅

音韵)

Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(辅音)

2. Using metaphor(暗喻,隐喻) and understatement

Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understateme nt is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas

英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案

考试课程:英国文学史及选读考核类型:A 卷 考试方式:闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业:英语考试班级:英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____,a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s

2017部编版一年级语文下册《我多想去看看》教案

2017部编版一年级语文下册《我多想去看看》教案

课题《我多想去看看》 总课时使用时间 一、教学目标(知识与技能、方法与过程、情感态度与价值观) 1.认识13个生字。会写“广、升、足、走”4个字。认识2个偏旁“心、方”。 2.正确、流利地朗读课文,背诵课文。 3.理解课文内容,激发学生热爱北京、热爱祖国的思想感情。 二、教学重难点分析 指导学生有感情地朗读课文,激发学生热爱北京、热爱祖国的思想感情。 三、教学策略选择(教法、学法) 启发式教学、培优辅差学法:小组合作 四、教学资源准备 生字、生词卡片,布置学生课前收集有关北京风光的图片,去过北京的小朋友找出自己在北京旅游时的照片。 五、教学过程 第1课时

一、谈话导入,激情揭题 1.(出示天安门图片)小朋友,认识吗?(天安门) 2.天安门在哪儿?(北京)北京是什么地方?(北京是我国的首都) 3.揭题:小朋友,你们想不想去首都北京看看天安门?有一个农村的孩子,他家住在大山里,他也和大家一样,非常想去北京亲眼看看庄严的升旗仪式。今天这节课,我们就来学习第11课《我多想去看看》。 能走出大山。 (1)从这句话里你知道了什么? 预设:“我”的家在哪里? (2)播放山村孩子的生活视频。学生谈感受。 (3)指导朗读:这一句要读得慢一些,舒缓一些,体现出“我”沉浸在遐想之中。“告诉、”“弯弯的小路”、“走出大山”注意连起来读,不要读得一字一顿。 2.妈妈还告诉我什么?(出示第二句:遥远的北京城,有一座天安门,广场上升旗仪式非常壮观。 (1)理解“遥远”。(非常远,很远很远) 联系生活实际来理解,告诉学生山里的人走出大山,坐火车到北京需要几天时间,路途非常远。 (2)理解“壮观”。 ①课件播放天安门广场升旗仪式录像片。 ②看了以后,觉得广场上升旗仪式怎么样?(让学生了解北京天安门广场之大、参加升旗仪式人之多,场面之雄伟,进而体会“壮观”的意思。)

最新城市地理学期末复习名词解释

一、名词解释 1、城市:指具有一定人口规模,并以非农业人口为主的居民集居地,是聚落的一种特殊形态。(P1)。 2、中心地:城市化地区中没有建制的地方,人口不少于1.5万。 3、规模经济:某一生产企业,达到一定的生产规模后,才可能生产收入大于生产成本,逐步达到经济合理的原则,但当生产规模超过某一最高限度后,生产成本又可能上升,以致超过生产收入,达到无利润可得,并要亏本的地步。 4、积聚经济:各种产业和经济活动在空间上集中后产生的经济效果和向心力促使城市发展,当集中程度超过某一限度后,再集聚会带来不经济,产生离心力,需抑制或减小城市规模。 5、逆城市化:整个大都市区出现了人口负增长,人们迁向离城市更远的农村和小城镇。 6、城市职能:某城市在国家或区域中所起的作用,或承担的分工。 7、城市性质:指一个城市在全国或地区中的政治、经济、文化生活中的地位和作用,代表了城市的个性、特点和发展方向。 8、首位度:一国最大城市与第二位城市人口的比例。 9、位序-规模法:从城市的规模和城市规模位序的关系来考察的一个城市体系的规模分布。 10、生长极理论:经济发展并非均衡地发生在地理空间上,而是以不同地强度在空间上呈点状分布,并按各种传播途径,对整个区以经济发展产生不同的影响,这点就是具有成长及空间聚集意义的生长极。 11、城镇体系:在一个相对完整的区域或国家中,由不同职能分工,不同等级规模,联系密切,相互依存的城镇的集合。 12、城市热岛效应:城市是以钢筋混土为主的人造下垫面,有反辐射和热辐射,可使气温增高,因此城市平均气温一般比郊区高0.5-1℃,冬季平均气温高1-2℃,这种现象称城市热岛效应。 13、尘盖:与热岛有关的另一种现象就是有大量微小粒子悬浮于城市上空,呈盖子形状,称为尘盖。 14、均质性:是指城市地域在职能分化中表现出来的一种保持等质,排斥异质的特性。 15、均质地域:是指在均质性能作用下,城市地域中表现的那些与周围毗邻地域存在着明显职能差别的连续地段。 16、CBD:中心商务区是城市中金融、贸易、信息、展览、会议、经营管理、旅游机构及设施,公寓及配套的商业文化、市政、交通服务设施等商务活动和人流最集中、交通最便捷建筑密度最高、吸引力和服务范围最大的区域,同时她也是低价最高的地区。 17、邻里:城市社会的基本单位,是相同社会特征的人群的汇集。 18、社区:一定地域,相互作用不同社会特征的人类生活共同体。 19、社会区:是指占据一定地域,具有大致相同生活标准,相同生活方式,以及相同社会地位的同质人口的汇集。 20、首位城市:在规模上与第二位城市保持巨大差距,吸引了全国城市人口的很大部分,在国家政治、经济社会、文化生活中占据明显优势的城市。 21、首位分布:首位度大的城市规模分布。 22、巨城市:指人口达800万以上的城市。 23、超级城市:指400万人口以上的城市。 24、城市网络化:指由各种现代交通手段、通讯手段、管道和绿地等为载体(网),各类不同功能、不同规模的城镇为基础(络)组成的,具有高度人流、物流、信息流、资金流和能量交换的城乡系统。 25、配第—克拉克定律:一个国家或地区经济发展道路大致沿着从第一产业为主转向以第二

品质管理中英文对照表学习资料

品质管理 (be) qualfied, up to grade 合格 模具正式投産前確認 3B 5M Man/Machine/Material/Method/Measurement 人力/ 機器/ 材料/ 方法/ 量測 5S整理/ 整頓/ 清掃/ 清潔/ 教養 5WIH When/Where/Who/What/Why/How to 何時/ 何地/ 誰/ 何事/ 為什麼/ 怎麼做7QCTools7 Quality Controls Tools 品管七大手法 8 disciplines 8項回復內容 abnormal handling 異常處理 ACC Accept 允收 acceptance = receive 驗收 ADM Absolute Dimension Measurement全尺寸測量 AIR Artical Inspection report AOD Accept On Deviation 特采 AOQ Average Output Quality平均出廠品質 AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出廠品質水準 APP Approve 核准,認可,承認 AQL Acceptable Quality Level 允收品質水準 AR Averary Range全距平均值

Bending 軟體導入 C=0 Critical=0 極嚴重不允許 CAR Corrective action request 改正行動要求改正報告 CP capability index 製造能力指數 CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力參數 CR Critical 極嚴重的 defective product/non-good parts 不良品 defective products 不良品 DFR Defect Failure Rate NG Not Good 不良,不合格 No.Number 數(號) OOBA out of box audit 開箱檢查 OQA output quality assurance 出貨品質保證 OQC output quality control 最終出貨品管 ORT On going Reliability Qualit P/O Waive Purchase Order Waive Packing 包裝 PDCA Plan/ Do /Check /Action 計劃/ 執行/ 檢查/ 總結POC passage quality control 段檢人員

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题) 2. Romance (名词解释) 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad(名词解释) 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance(名词解释)9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释)11. Blank verse(名词解释)12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读) 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要,最重要属sonnet18。(其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读) 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的,故事情节来自Old Testament,另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment(名词解释) 19. Neoclassicism(名词解释) 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要,注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样,它虚构了一系列的人物,以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文,这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要,要知道具体内容,就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称,和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; (我们主要讲了三个地方)“A Modest Proposal”比较重要,要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要,剧情要清楚,Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形,以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature,另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要,需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家,另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),

2017新部编人教版小学语文一年级上册(全套)测试题

新部编人教版小学语文一年级上册(全套)测试题 小学一年级语文上册 第一次月考测试卷 [时限:70分钟满分:100分] 班级学号成绩 一、在填字格里写出阿拉伯数字相对应的汉字。(10分)绿色圃中小学教育http://www.L SPJY.c om 绿色圃中学资源网ht tp://c z.Lspj https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12605507.html, 1 2 3 8 5 二、在填字格里写出你知道的笔画。(5分) 三、写出下列汉子的笔顺笔画(12分) 火,共()画。 土,共()画。 田,共()画。 手,共()画。 四、手拉手找朋友,组成词语写在下面的横线上。(11分)绿色圃中小学教育ht tp://w ww.LSP https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12605507.html,绿色圃中学资源网https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12605507.html, 天人下日手禾

月地足口田山天地 五、分一分。(填序号)(12分) ①、鸟②、他③、云④、鱼⑤、足⑥、雨 ⑦、虫⑧、你⑨、风⑩、耳⑾、目⑿、我 六、默写6个单韵母。(6分) 七、我能分出声母、韵母和整体认读音节。(12分) q e wu t zi i o si ɡɑ f yu 声母: 韵母: 整体认读音节: 八、填空(12分) b ɑ ( ) j ( ) jù

tè ( ) ( ) yǔ ( ) ( ) qià( ) ( ) ( ) z u ó ( ) 九、把下面音节连成一句通顺的话(20分) 1、mā ma wǒ hé hè kǎ zuò 。 2、luó bo tù zi bá 。 3、bà ba xià qí tāhé 。 4、qí mù mǎ nǐ kě yǐ 。

小语文(上)期中测试卷 一、我会看一看,连一连。(8分) 站如松写字坐如钟读书 二、我会猜一猜,连一连。(8分) 田耳口山 三、照样子,写一写。(12分)

周三多版管理学必背名词解释考研复习期末复习

周三多《管理学原理》名词解释 1.管理: 管理是管理者为了有效实现组织目标、个人发展和社会责任,运用管理职能进行协调的过程。 管理是人类有意识有目的的活动; 管理应当是有效的; 管理的本质是协调; 协调是运用各种管理职能的过程。 2.管理的职能: 计划、组织、领导、控制、创新。 3.管理的自然属性: 管理的出现是由人类活动的特点决定的;管理是人类社会劳动过程中一种特殊职能;管理也是生产力。 4.管理的社会属性: 管理是为了达到预期目的而进行的具有特殊职能的活动;管理从来就是为了统治阶级、生产资料所有者服务的;管理是一定社会关系的反应; 5.管理者的角色: 人际角色(代表人、领导者、联络人)、信息角色(发言人、监督者、传播者)、决策角色(企业家、风险应对者、资源分配者、谈判人) 6.管理者的技能: 人际技能:成功与别人打交道并与别人沟通的能力。 技术技能:运用管理者所监督的专业领域的过程、惯例、技术和工具的能力。 概念技能:把观点设想出来并加以处理以及将关系抽象化的精神能力。 7.中国古代管理思想: 宏观的治国学和微观的治生学。顺道、重人、人和、守信、利器、、对策、节俭、法治。 8.泰罗制的三个观点: ①科学管理的根本目的是达到最高工作效率; ②达到最高工作效率的重要手段,是运用科学的管理方法代替旧的经验管理; ③实施科学管理的核心问题是,要对管理人员和工人在思想上和精神上来一个彻底的变 革。 9.泰罗制的五项制度: ①对工人提出科学的操作方法,以便合理的利用工时,提高工效; ②在工资制度上实行差别计件工资制; ③对工人进行科学的选拔、培训和提高; ④制定科学的工艺规程,并以文件的形式固定下来,以利推广; ⑤将管理和劳动分离,管理工作称为计划职能,工人的劳动称为执行职能。 10.泰罗制的四点评价: ①将科学引入管理领域,并创立了一套具体的科学管理方法,这是管理理论的创新,为 管理实践开辟了新局面; ②提高了生产效率,推动了生产的发展,适应了资本主义经济发展的需要; ③由于管理职能和执行职能的分离,使管理理论的创立和发展有了实践基础; ④把人看做纯粹的“经济人”,而忽视了工人之间的交往以及工人的感情、态度等社会 因素的影响。

(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】

传播学期末考试复习and简答题集合名词解释等

传播学攻略 一般来说,传播研究的重点是符号学传播媒介,人内传播、人际传播、群体传播、组织传播、大众传播,书上其余的就不用看了, 符号学:两个人物索绪尔巴尔特 1、媒介主要是麦克卢汉的一些理论,如:媒介即讯息媒介是人的延伸地球村 2、人内传播:象征性社会互动(米德主我客我、库利“镜中我”) 3、人际 4、群体:大众与大众社会理论(只知道大众社会理论是什么就行了) 5、组织传播集群行为 6、大众公众群体区别 7、大众传播,主要是效果,如效果研究的几个阶段、主要理论和人物 名词解释: 第三章: 1.符号:任何事物主要它独立存在,并和另一事物有联系,而且可以被“解释”,那么它的功能就是符号。符号分为信号和象征符。 2.意义:人对自然事物或社会事物的认识,是人为对象事物赋予的含义,是人类以符号形式传递和交流的精神内容。 3.语境:又叫传播情境,指的是对特定的传播行为直接或间接产生影响的外部事务、条件或因素的总称。 4.象征行为:指的是用具体事物来表示某种抽象概念或思想感情的行为。 5.象征性社会互动:指的是人与人之间通过传递象征符和意义而相互作用和相互影响的过程。(米德“主我客我”,库利“镜中我”) 6.文化:人类为了传达关于生活的知识和态度,使之得到传承和发展而使用的、以象征符形式来表现的继承性的观念体系。 第七章: 1.大众传播:专业化的媒介组织运用先进的传播技术和产业化手段,以社会上一般大众为对象而进行的大规模的信息生产和传播活动。 2.电子乌托邦思想:认为网络可以解决人类社会的一切问题的倾向。 3.信息环境:指的是一个社会中由个人或群体接触可能的信息及其传播活动的总体构成的环境。 第八章: 1.媒介技术:也称传播技术,指的是人类为驾驭信息传播、不断提高信息的生产与传播效率所采用的工具、手段、知识和操作技艺的总称。 2.热媒介:传递的信息比较清晰明确,接受者不需要动员更多的感官和联想活动就能够理解。 3.冷媒介:传达的信息含量少而模糊,在理解时需要动员多种感官的配合和丰富的想象力。 4.传播者:指的是传播行为的发起人,是借助某种手段或工具、通过发出信息主动作用于他人的人。 5.大众传媒、大众传播者:报社、电台、电视台等媒介机构是从事信息的采集、选择、加工、复制和传播的专业组织,其生产规模巨大,受传者广泛。 6.技术:技术即达到实践目标为目的的知识体系,其中包括操作手段和工具。 7.把关人:传媒组织的一道关口,是一个取舍的标尺,使到达受众的新闻只是众多新闻素材中的少数。

2017部编版一年级下册语文教学进度表

2017年部编版一年级下册语文教学计划 一、教学方面 (一)学生基本情况分析 本班共有学生54名。经过第一学期的学习,部分学生能认汉字500字左右,每生能写汉 字100字一150字之间。汉语拼音巩固比较好,音序清晰,这为本册的音序查字典法打下了基础。写字姿势正确,有个别学生的握笔姿势还需要提醒改正。阅读方面本学期将继续进行每天半小时的阅读时间,再加大阅读量。部分学生已经能独立写一、二句的拼音作文(不会写的字用拼音),孩子有了初步的写话兴趣。 本学期将重点加强学生的写字训练以及写话兴趣的培养。 (二)教材分析 本册教材以专题组织单元,以整合的方式组织教材内容。8个单元2个专题,分为8组8 个专题贴近儿童生活,体现时代特点,蕴涵教育价值,把知识、能力、方法、情感融为一体。 每个专题内涵都必将宽泛,避免了教材内容的局限性。 每组包括3-4篇课文和1个“语文园地",各部分相互联系,构成了一个有机的整体。识 字课包括词语、三字经、对对子、谜语、谚语、诗歌等多种形式。课文共29篇,内容丰富多彩。"语文园地”包括4个栏目:趣味识字,引导学生掌握学习方法,主要是识字的方法;词句运用一引导学生积累好词佳句、优秀段篇;书写提示-积累识字,学会正确的笔画顺序书写。 日积月累-积累各类词语与文学作品,增强学生的口语交际一与专题联系,在双向互动中培养 口语交际能力;展示台一给学生提供展示学习所得的舞台。 本册识字的编排,继续实行认写分开、多认少写的原则。全册要求认识400个常用字,会写200个认识的字。要求认识的字和要求会写的字,分别在练习里有标明。此外,在语文园地里也安排了少量要认识的字。书后生字表(一) ,列出了全册要认识的字,生字表(二) , 列出了全册要求会写的字。 (三)教学总目标(听说读写能力的安排) 1. 识字与写字 (1) 喜欢学习汉字,有主动识字的愿望。 (2) 认识常用汉字400个,其中200个会写。 (3) 掌握汉字的基本笔画和常用的偏旁部首,能按笔顺规则用硬笔写字,注意间架结构。 初步感受汉字的形体美。 (4) 养成正确的写字姿势和良好的写字习惯,书写规范、端正、整洁。

金融学期末复习重点名词解释

第一章 1.货币的职能:P3~5 2.价值尺度:即货币表现商品的价值并衡量商品价值量的大小时所发挥的职能。这是货币最基本、最重要的职能。(用观念上的货币) 流通手段:即货币商品流通的媒介时所发挥的职能。(用现实上的货币) 贮藏手段:即货币退出流通,被当作财富保存时所发挥的职能。(人民币没有贮藏手段) 支付手段:即货币作为价值独立形态单方面转移时行使的职能。 世界货币:即货币在世界市场上发挥一般等价物的作用。 上述五大职能是货币本质的具体体现,具有密切的内在联系。并随着商品交易的发展,其功能和相互关系也有所变化。 2.信用货币P10:信用货币本身的价值低于货币价值,且不代表任何金属货币,它只是一种信用凭证,主要依靠银行信用的和政府信用而流通。由于信用货币属于银行和政府的负债,因而又称之为负债货币。 信用货币的主要类型: 辅币。主要担任小额或零星交易中的媒介手段。 现钞。主要承担人们日常生活用品的购买手段。 银行存款。经济交易中最主要的支付手段。 电子货币。以计算机网络系统为基础,以信息技术为手段,采用电子数据形式实现流通手段和支付手段功能的货币形式。如信用卡、贮值卡、电子钱包等,以及利用自动柜员机、电话银行和电脑网络银行等电子支付系统使用的货币。它是信用货币发展到信息时代高级阶段的产物。 3.货币制度P12:简称“币制”,是一个国家以法律形式所规定的货币流通的组织形式。 (1)银本位制 ①概念:以白银作为本位货币的一种金属货币制度。 ②类型:银两本位制(中国)与银币本位制(欧洲)。 ③崩溃原因:⑴世界白银价格剧烈波动,币值不稳定。 ⑵银币体重价低不适合用于巨额支付。 ⑶白银质地易于磨损。 (2)金银复本位制 ①概念:国家法律规定的以金币和银币同时作为本位币,均可自由铸造,自由输出、输入的货币制度。 ②类型:平行本位制与双本位制。 (3)金本位制 ①概念:以黄金作为本位货币的一种货币制度。②形式:金币本位制、金块本位制和金汇兑本位制。

品质管理缩写英文对照(打印).

缩写英文对照中文术语 8D 8 Disciplines Of Solving Problem 解决问题8步法 AC./RE. Acceptable / Rejective 允收/拒收 AQL Acceptable Quallity Level 允收水准 ABB Activity-Based Budgeting 实施作业制预算制度 ABC Activity-Based Costing 作业制成本制度 ABM Activity-Based Mangement 作业制成本管理 APS Advanced Planning And Scheduling 应用程式服务供应商APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning 先期产品品质规划ANOVA Analysis Of Variance 方差分析 AAR Appearance Approval Report 外观承认报告 AC Appraisal Cost 鉴定成本 ASL Approved Suplier List 合格供应商清单 AVL Approved Vendor List 认可的供应商清单 ATP Available To Promise 可承诺量 BSC Balanced Score Card 平衡记分卡

BOM Bill Of Material 材料明细 BTF Build To Forecarst 计划生产 BTO Build To Order 订单生产 BPR Business Process Reengineering 企业流程再造 CPK Capability Of Process 修正过程能力指数 Ca. Capability Of Accuraty 精确度指数 Cp. Capability Of Precesion 精密度指数 CRP Capacity Requirement Planning 产能需求规划 C. OF C. Certificate Of Compliance (质量)承诺证明书CEO Chief Excutive Officer 执行总裁 CQC Companywide Quality Control 全公司范围的品质管理CPM Complaint Per Illion 每百万报怨次 CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计 CTO Configuration To Order 客制化生产 CRC Contract Review Committee 合同评审委员会 CIF Cost Inusance And Freight 到岸价格

秘书学概论名词解释期末复习

秘书:广义,指领导人的事务与信息助手(包括公务/私人秘书)。狭义(不包括私人秘书),指一种职务名称,社会职业,处于领导身边,直接为领导从事事务性、信息性等辅助服务工作的助手。 秘书学:是研究秘书工作规律和秘书人员任职要求的科学,是一门综合性。应用性的科学。通俗地说,秘书学就是研究秘书人员如何做好秘书工作的科学。它是一门写作学与管理科学的知识圈交叉重叠的产物。 三省制:在魏晋开始形成,唐代确定。即:中书、门下、尚书三省共同负责朝廷的秘书工作,“中书出令,门下审议,尚书执行”,既相互分工、配合,又互相监督、牵制。 一文一事制:宋朝规定:朝廷百官和地方的奏章必须一文一事,非一宗事者不得同为一文,以便行文归口和由主管部门及时批复、处理。 文书立卷制:元朝规定:处理完毕的文书经监察官“照刷”(检查)之后予以编号立卷。同一类事立为一卷,年终交案,归档保管。(公文立卷:是指机关文书部门将已经办理完毕的、具有一定查考利用价值的文件材料,按照它们在形成过程中的联系和一定的规律组成案卷。) 贴黄引黄制:魏晋以后,公文多用黄纸书写。唐代规定:公文如有个别文字更改,可另写小块纸补贴,称为“贴黄”。此后,又将文书内容要点另写于黄纸,贴于封面或正文之前,称为“引黄”,也就是“公文摘要”的由来。 条旨制:明朝规定:百官奏章先由内阁大学士用小纸条写上初步处理意见,贴在文书上供皇帝参考,又称“票拟”。 综理制:是指所有秘书工作由办公厅或办公室统一或分派人员办理,下面不再分设部门。这适合于秘书工作量不太大的机关或单位。如市、县政协和大多数企事业单位都采用综理制。 秘书部门和秘书管理人员的要求:1、机构与部门职责2、岗位责任制3、工作程序和工作方法。工作程序:工作中的每一个环节和它们之间的先后排列次序、操作步骤。环节不能随意地增加或减少,次序也不能任意地颠倒或随便排列。工作方法:工作的技能和操作要求。它既需要秘书人员以具有一定的知识、技术、能力为基础,又要善于综合运用,善于转化为实际的效果。4、信息系统5、办公自动化:简称OA,是研究如何将计算机技术、通信技术、系统科学和行为科学应用于数据信息和非数据信息的办公活动。 一、督查:指秘书协助领导,把已经布置却拖延不办或办理不力的工作自上而下地督促、检查,使之落实、妥善。督查工作的作用:(1)对领导的作用。监督工作是贯彻落实领导决策、指示的后续步骤和保证手段;监督是促进领导决策正确、科学的必要环节;监督是改变各级领导和干部作风、克服官僚主义的有效手段。(2)对秘书的作用。是秘书的一项重要职责;是秘书发挥参谋、助手作用事物重要方面。是秘书由被动服务转向主动服务的有效手段。 二、印信工作:是指机关、单位公务印章和介绍信的管理、使用工作,属于秘书工作范围。公章是机关、单位职责权力的象征,介绍信则是证明本机关、单位员工的身份,介绍联系公务之用。如果管理使用不当,会给本机关、本单位乃至社会造成危害,秘书人员必须认真对待这项工作。 三、政策法规信息:这主要是领导人的有关方针、政策的重要讲话,国家和地方政府颁布的法令、法规、条例等等,通常以文件形式下达或在报刊上公开发表、刊登。这些宏观的指导性、规范性的信息是每个机关或企事业单位都必须遵循、遵守的,是每一个主管都必须理解、掌握的秘书应认真的加以收集。 调查是指采用种种科学的方法和手段以取得客观世界材料的过程。研究则是指对调查的来的材料进行分析、比较归纳、演绎等一系列过程。调查是前提,是手段,研究是后续,是目的。

吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读

History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档