牛津高中英语模块一（第 1 讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1（上）
二、教学要求：
1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。
High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building学校面积大，没有高层建筑。
Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。
Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英
特网接口。
3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning 。
4．语法：定语从句（一）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax
二、重点词组：
class teacher 班主任at ease with和? .相处不拘束school hours 学校作息时间earn respect from赢得? 的尊敬sound like听起来象for free免费 get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除? .以外 , 也key words关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one ’s way around认识路develop an interest in 培养对? .的兴趣 surf the Internet 网上冲浪
【难点讲解】
1.What is your dream school life like?
你理想中的学校生活是什么样子 ?
这里 dream 表示心目中最理想的.如dream team (梦之队)。
2.Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience
for me.
去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。
Going 在本句里作动名词，它和后面的to a British high school for one year构成动名词短语作句子的主语。 Go to a British high school 本来是个动词词组，在 go 后面加上 ing 后，它就具备名词的特性可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。
动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同, 现在分词作定语常表示“令人?”、“正在?.” ;例如 exciting news, sleeping dog;过去分词则有被动或完成的意思 ,常表示“感到?.的”、“被?.的” ,例如：an excited crowd of people, broken heart. 3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain
because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.
我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9 点开始上课，下午 3 点半左右放学。
Be happy with=be pleased with,around=about 。
4.This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.
这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校8 点钟上课。
as adv.同样地 , 被看作 , 象
prep.当做
conj.与 ...一样 , 当 ...之时 , 象 , 因为
本单元多次出现 as, 用法各不相同 ,应注意比较。另外 as 还可以构成一些常用词组： as if 就好像 , as far as就? .而言 , so as to 以便于 , as for 至于 , such as 例如，等等。
mean:意味着,后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：
The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.
The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.
5.He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and
achieve high grades.
他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。
The best way to do sth is to ? ..结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是?..,例如:
The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.
6.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit
challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.
我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业
都是英语的。
As? ..as, 中间加形容词或副词 ,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分 , 请比较下面两句话 : You
hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).
You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).
Used to 过去常常 , 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:
She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).
Used to 的否定形式是usedn’tto/ didn ’tuse to
注意： be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于? .
7.Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.
当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。
fun是名词 ,有趣的事情, 副词really并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的be 动词was
试比较 : He is really a funny guy. 和He is a really funny guy.这两句意思虽然相同, 但really 修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。
8.I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.
就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。
Do 、 did 在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。
9.Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。
介词 upon/ on 加 doing 相当于带 as soon as 的时间状语从句。
Upon finishing his study ＝ As soon as he finished his study
10.Former student return from China
一位校友重中国归来
former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但侧重点不同。former ：“过去曾经是...的、前任? .”, past: “过去的”old“老的、从前的”。例如 : former president 前总统， past experience 以往的经验， my old school 我的母校。
11. earn, achieve 和 gain
这三个单词的基本意思都是“ get”但含义不尽相同, earn：get as the reward of work（挣，得到?作为工作的回报）, achieve： get what you want by effort( 成就 ,通过努力达到某个目标 ), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配: earn money/ a living/ one ’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand(占上风)/ ground(取得进步).
【语法】
定语从句(1)
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可
以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作 a blonde girl， a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair 。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/who/ whom/ which/as 或关系副词when/ where/ why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句：
1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主语 )
2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend ，在从句中作宾语 ,所以常用代词who的宾格形式).
3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. ( 关系代词that 指代 weak nation，在从句中作表语 )
4.The school whose floor space is very limited can ’ttake in one more student. ( 关系代词 whose 指代 the school’ s ，从句中作 floor space 的定语 )
5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. ( 关系副词 where 指代主句中的地点状语 gym 在从句中作状语 )
【阅读技巧】
Skimming & Scanning
Skimming 略读， skim 原意是轻轻掠过表面，作为阅读技巧是指通过浏览文章标题，主题句，插图和图表等方法了解文章的大意。Skan, 本意是扫描，这里指用眼光快速扫视书报等材
料寻找我们想要的信息。他们的区别在于Skimming是为了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是为了寻找某些具体信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速阅读的重要策略，也是信息时代我
们必备的技能。尤其是在阅读英语时，注重练习Skimming & Scanning可以帮助克服逐字逐
句的阅读习惯（如finger-point reading, lip reading ），提高阅读速度。
【补充阅读】
阅读这篇文章 ,根据中文提示和上下文写出所缺的单词:
My School Day
I leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to ______(赶) a bus to
school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school.
The _______( 路程 ) on the bus takes an hour because it has to
keep stopping to pick up other students along the way.
When I arrive at school, I______(领取) my Tablet PC from the
Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room
for Registration at 8:30. We listen to announcements to see what
special things are happening at school today or this week.
At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every
day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is
Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on
the other days. Each period lasts an hour.
All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_____(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers
for each lesson. I have a _______(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but otherwise I have to carry it all around with my
in my bags.
Swipe Cards
Every Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to
let the school know that we have _____(参加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies.
On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the
toilets and buildings.
We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or
canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money. Subjects
Maths,English Science ICT
Drama Music Art PE
Humanities (History, Geography, and
French or Spanish Religion)
Time Table
9:00 1st Period
10:00 2nd Period
11:00 - 11:20 Break
During break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play 'IT' a chasing game. Snow ball fight when it snows is dead fun.
11:20 3rd Period
12:30 4th Period
1:30 - 2:10 Lunch
I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School______(食堂).
2:10 5th Period
3:10 End of School
Sometimes I stay after school for clubs.
Canteen
The Canteen is open at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food
is served only at lunch time. Chips are
买的到 ) on only_______( Mondays and Fridays.
【同步练习】
一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1． I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student.
2.There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of coffee.
3.That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities.
4.China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC.
5.He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour.
6.He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his company has set up offices.
7.The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner .
8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago.
二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句：
1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7 th. It lasted for eight years.
2.On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe.
3.On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects.
4.Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students ’union. She can meet many
international students there.
5.Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself.
参考答案
一、
1. when
2. where/in which
3. why
4. whose
5. which/that
6. where
7. whom/who
8. as 二、
1.The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7 th.
2.On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe.
3.On the way to school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects.
4.shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’union where she can meet many
internatioal students.
5.Jane’s father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be.
阅读填空：
catch, journey, collect, digit, locker, attended, canteen, available
牛津高中英语模块一（第二讲）
主讲教师：邵磊
主审孙德霖
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1（下）
二、教学要求：
1．掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2．学会用英语写通知和海报。
3．语法：定语从句（二）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident,
run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.
二、重点词组：
refer to 指 , function as 当作?使用 , 具有? .的功能, leave out 省略, relate to 和?相关, pay attention to 注意 , in short form 用宿略的形式, take place 发生 , make decision 作决定 , make
comparison 作比较 , take turns 轮流 , follow the outline 按照纲要 , be responsible for 对?负责 , consist of 包含 ,由?构成 , come up with 想出 , base on 根据 , have it approved by ?征得? ..的同意, inform sb of sth 告知 , sign up 签名参加 .
【难点讲解】
1.I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.
我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。
I don ’twant to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。
第一句里定语从句that has desks and chairs 的关系代词that 指代主句中的名词从句的主语；第二句里定语从句where desks and chairs are too small 的关系副词代主句中的in a room, 在从句中是地点状语。试比较：room，作where 指
1）This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays. 2）This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.
上一句的 beach 是北欧人度假的地方，在这个地方是地点状语，所以用关系副词代 ; 下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是 beach，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词
where 指that 来指代。
2.Besides, I might be reading the books in your father ’s bookcases instead.
除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。
She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.
她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。
“ might be reading ”，“ will be reading ”属于“情态动词＋ be+doing”的结构，表示对某个时间
正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：
I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework.. 等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。
“instead， instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是?.”“ instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的
意思，“instead of ”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：
1） We didn ’tgo home after school. We went to a net caf instead.
→ Instead of going home after school, we went to a net caf.é
é
2) Students in UK don ’thave lots of home work.. They have many school activities.
→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.
3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。
划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。
4.The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.
相当于： If you have more choice (条件状语从句为一般现在时 ), you will make better
decision（主句用将来时） . 你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。“ The+ 比较级（ adj/adv ）或含比较级的词组， the+另一个比较级（ adj/adv）或含比较级的词组” , 表示“越??就越? ..”。
5.Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from
your school library.
你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。
划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语e-mail 的内容。
6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 国际标准图书编号
ISSN （International Standard Serial Number ）国际标准期刊编号
7．make常见的动宾搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、冲咖啡 , make friends 交朋友 , make mistakes 犯错误 , make trouble 惹麻烦 , make a suggestion 提建议 , make a fire 生火 , make faces 做鬼脸 , make a decision 做决定 , make comparasions 作比较 , make a living 谋生 , make money 挣钱 , make a request提要求 , make an application 申请。
【写作】通知和海报
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用
的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通
知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。
例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice 或 NOTICE （通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如
NOTICE
All mumbers of the students’ union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band.
Sept.14, 2005
海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考：
Make a poster explaining a safety rule.
It should give us a good Stay Alert message.
If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will
appear in the SASS Gallery.
Mail you poster to:
Stay Alert ... Stay Safe
P.O. Box 93006,
499 Main St. S.
Brampton, Ontario
L6Y 1N0
【语法】定语从句 (2)
1．定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物， who 、whom 和 that用来指代人，用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、 where 和 why 指代时间、地点和原因。
whose 2．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是词，关系代词一般只用all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little,
none that，不用 which 。例如：
等不定代
All that I have is my love for this land.
There isn’ t much that we can do to ease his pain.
(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用 which 。例如：
The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.
(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词 that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.
(4)which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示
的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中， which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下
意思是与 and this 相似。例如：
She failed in her attempt to catch the prince ’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.
(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用
个成员，则用who。
which; 若是指集体中的各
(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7)如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 关系代词应该用 who 或 whom ，不用 which 。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)关系代词 that/which/who/whom 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.
As 在定语从句中的用法
一 . 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（１） as 多与 such 或 the same 连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（２） as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which 。例如：
The elephant’ s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when 在从句中充当时间状语， where 充当地点状语，why 充当原因状语。例如：
We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.
This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.
2.that 有时也可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因
That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why 引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，这种定语从句中的 that 也可以省去。例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步练习】
一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.
D. whose
A. of whom
B. whom
C. of whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. who
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
6． This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
7． He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’ t remember now.
A． who B ． which C． this D ． what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price C. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As
B. It
C. That
D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this
B. which
C. that
D. same
11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose
B. of which
C. which
D. its
12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. there
14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which
B. in that
C. in whose
D. whose
15.I don ’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It ’s the reason
B.That ’s why
C. There’s why
D.It ’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D.I think which is
18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. whcih
参考答案
一、 1-5 DBCCB6-10 BBCAB11-15 ADACA16-18 BAB
牛津高中英语模块一（第 3 讲）
主讲：邵磊
主审：孙德霖
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 （上）
二、教学要求：
1．学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题。
2．学会戏剧脚本。
3．了解英语口语和书面语的差别。
4．语法：定语从句（三）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam,
vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重点词组：
common to 对?来说很普遍 , turn up 调高声音 , 出现 a waste of 浪费 ,no more 不再 , spare time 空余时间 , force? .to?强迫（某人）做, can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要, be supposed to 被期望或要求 , 本应该， do with 处置 , 忍受，需要be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团 , leave sb in charge 委托? ..负责 , act like行为举止象? , go unpunished 不受惩罚 , go out 熄灭 , have one’s arm crossed双臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to 值得去做 ,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on 对某人苛刻 , now that 既然 , in the form of 以的形式 , than ever before 比以前任何时候都 , be angry at 对某事生气 , even if 即使 , treat sb like ?象一样对待, argue about 为?而争吵 , the cause of 起因 , differ in many ways 在许多方面不同 , fit badly 非常不合身。
【难点讲解】
1.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。
这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“ followed by a big dog”是谓语“ runs in”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来
的行走方式，是动词“follow ”的状语。
伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出
时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如：
He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.
The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2. You weren’tsupposed to come home until tomorrow.
你们应该明天才回家的。
;
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做 , 本应该去做。例如
You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday. Girls are
supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中until必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和
放持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until还可以用在强调句中。Not until
在句首时，句子要倒装。例如:
He slept until 8 o ’clock.
He didn ’twake up till e8 o ’clock.
It was not until 8 o ”clock that he woke up.
Not until 8 o ’clock did he wake up.
I won ’tbe free till Friday.
3.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.
本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。
,介词常放“ with which you were to buy dog food” 是定语从句,当关系代词是介词宾语时
在关系代词之前。例如:
the village we used to live in → the village in which we used to live
主语＋ be 动词 +不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如;
We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.
4.We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
我们原以为你是个成年人，一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。
划线部分是“an adult ”的同位语，它和“ an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是
对“ an adult”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句from whom we could expect good decisions 。
Expect sth from sb: 期望从某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.
5.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。
根据上文， this 是指 our family 。动词 go 后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如：
go bad（变质） , go dry （变干） , go mad（发疯） , go international（国际化）。Go和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受??的 , 未被?的” ,如 : go unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.
It ’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.
6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet?
假如他们知道Spot 得了病 , 而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话??..
这句话用的是虚拟语气, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望，即认为动词
所表示的动作或状态并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时，主句用过去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如:
If I were you, I should wait till next week.
I she saw you now, she wouldn ’trecognize you.
7.None of us stopped to think and we should have.
我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事，stop doing则表示停止正在做的事情。should have 也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是:
We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?
你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗?
deal Be (in) a mess 表示“乱成一团” ； do with表示“处理、处置”常和what 连用，它和
with不同，deal with表示“处理、应付”we left 虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从
句，它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词that 或 which 。
【语法】定语从句 (3)
一、．“介词＋关系代词”结构
(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用 whom 或 which, 不可用 that 。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换，例如：
This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
(2)from where 为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语
从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语
能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有 that, 这时的 that 既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如 :
When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always
wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.
三、关系代词as 和 which作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但由
as 引导的定语从句可以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.
As 还可用于the same? ..as, such? ..as, as?? as 等结构中。例如：
Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.
We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.
【英语俗语】
英语俗语 , 也和其他语言一样, 有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如：To follow your nose 是指 " 一直走" 。另外还有：To play by ear ，意思是看着办。其他还有用hand和foot这些字组成的习惯用语。
这里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是leg 这个字组成的习惯用语：
To pull one's leg。 To pull one's leg初看起来好像和中文里的" 拉后腿" 的意思差不多。但是，千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。To pull one's leg的真正意思是逗别人，开别人玩笑
的意思。有时候，有的朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们，后来才发现他是在开玩笑。
例如，一个大学生上了同学的当，事后他说：
例句 -3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
这个大学生说：" 我的同房间同学说，那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的玩笑。"
要是这个大学生聪明一点的话, 他当时就可以对他的同学说：
例句 -4:"Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said
she likes me and would like me to take her out."
这句话的意思是：" 喂，你别逗我行不行！我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我，还要我邀她出去玩。"
和 leg 这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法break a leg 难道是断了一条腿？或是倒霉？不是，例如，你的朋友明天要去参加高考，你就可以对他说：
,那就是： Break a leg!从字面上来看，break a leg 的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。
Break a leg!
Have green fingers 很会种花种菜
Green thumb 就是指那些很会种花种菜的人
All thumbs 手脚很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet wet 到实践中去学
A kettle call the pot black五十步笑百步
A wet blanket扫兴的人或事
【同步练习】
一、根据上下文用适当的词填空：
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds
By Jill Moss
Today we will(1)_________(解释 ) some expressions about birds. For example, if something is "for the birds",it is(2) __________( 无价值 )or not very interesting. Someone who eats like a bird eats very little. And "a bird`s eye view" is a(3)
__________( 总体的 ) look at an area from above.
Did you know that if you tell a young person about "the birds and bees", you are
explaining about sex and birth. Have you ever(4)_________(观察 ) that "birds of a feather flock together?" In other words, people who are similar become friends or
do things together.
There is some good advice. "A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush". This means
you should not risk(5)_________(失去 ) something you have by trying to get more of something you do not have.
Sometimes, I can do two things by performing only one (6)_______(动作 ). This is called "killing two birds with one stone". But I would never really kill any birds.
I love all kinds animals. This is "a real feather in my cap". It is something to
be(7)_______( 骄傲 ) of.
Most of the people I work with are "early birds".They believe that "the early bird catches the worm". They think that a person(8)______ gets up early in the morning
for work has the best chance of(9)_________( 成功 ).Everyone in my office works hard but some people have "had their wings clipped".Their jobs have been limited. This
is because the office is organized by packing order. People with more years and
(10)____________( 经验 ) are given more (11)________________(责任 ).
Some bird`s expressions are about crows, chickens and ducks. For example, when I
am driving.I always travel "as the crow flies".I go the most（ 12） ___________( 直接) way. Anyone who "eats crow" has to admit a mistake or defeat.
Nowlet`s talk about my sister.She is not very young.She is "no spring of chicken". She will work any job for"chicken feed", a small (13)_______ （数量） of money. She is easily frightened.For example,she is too"chicken livered"to walk down a dark street alone at night. Often she will "chicken out". She will not go out alone at
night.
My sister was "an ugly duckling". She looked strange when she was a child. But she
grew up to be a beautiful woman. Sometimes she thinks too much about having something in the future before she really has it. She "counts her chickens before they are
hatched". Sometimes "her chickens come home to roost". That means her actions or
words cause trouble for her.However my sister does not worry about what people say about her. (14)_________（批评） falls off her like water off a duck`s back.
Politicians are sometimes considered "lame ducks" after losing an election. They
have little time left in office and no much power. Congress holds a "lame duck"
session after an (15)__________(选举 ). Important laws are not passed during this
period.
二从上文中找出下列说法对应的英文：
1．一文不值：
2．鸟瞰：
3．物以类聚：
4．一矢二鸟：
5．两鸟在林不如一鸟在手：
6．早起的鸟儿有虫吃：
7．得意之物：
8．束缚手脚：
9．论资排队：
10.胆小如鼠 :
11.招灾惹祸 :
12.(对别人的批评 )充耳不闻 :
13.吃苍蝇 :
14.蝇头小利 :
15:过早乐观 :
三、选择正确的答案完成下面一段对话：