句子成分与结构sentence structure
1. In the following sentence “It’s no use waiting for me”, the italicized phrase is . 2010
A. the object
B. an adverbial
C. a complement
D. the subject
2. In “How much do you think he earns?” how much is of the sentence. 2009
A. the subject
B. the adverbial
C. the object
D. the complement
3. Which of the following sentence has an object complement? 2010
A. The directors appointed John manager.
B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.
C. You have done Peter a favour.
D. She is teaching children English.
4. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates Cause? 2010
A. Why don’t you do it for the sake of your friends?
B. I wish I could write as well as you.
C. For all his efforts, he didn’t get an A.
D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.
5. Even as a girl, to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher. 2001
A. performing by Melissa were
B. it was known that Melissa’s performances were
C. knowing that Melissa’s performances were
D. Melissa knew that performing was
6. Who was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?
A. you said
B. did you say
C. did you say that
D. you did say
7. In “He would often discuss things with me, asking my opinions and disagreeing when he saw matters differently.” Asking my opinion is the of the sentence.
A. direct object
B. object complement
C. adverbial
D. indirect object
8. Even when stranded in an isolated village by snow, .
A. it seemed my journey was still exciting
B. my journey still seemed exciting
C. I still thought my journey exciting
D. my journey was still thought to be exciting
主谓一致subject-verb concord
1. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.2005
A. are to leave
B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D. leave
2. The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. 2006
A. proves
B. is proving
C. are proving
D. prove
3. All the President’s Men______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal. 2007
A.remain
B.remains
C.remained
D.is remaining
4. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anything today.
A.neither you nor I are
B.neither you nor me is
C.neither you nor I am
D.neither me nor you are 2003
5. Many a student and teacher____ making a careful study of ____ own problems.
A. are; their
B. is; their
C. are; his
D. is; his
6. It____ people, not things, that____ decisive.
A. is; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. are; is
7. Truth and honesty ____ always best policy.
A. are
B. is
C. have been
D. become
8. In order to set up industries, trained manpower, as well as sufficient capital, ____.
A. is needed
B. are needed
C. needs
D. need
9. A series of robberies____ recently.
A. has been reported
B. has reported
C. have been reported
D. have reported
动词的时态tense
1. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. 2008
A. would make
B. had made
C. made
D. makes
2. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ______ until yesterday.2005
A. will come
B. was coming
C. had been coming
D. came
3.The comminttee has anticipated the problems that ______in the road construction project.
A.arise
B.will arise
C.arose
D.have arisen 2007
4. ______ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. 2005
A. I was and always will be
B. I have to be and always will be
C. I had been and always will be
D. I have been and always will be
5. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “We’ve seen the film____?”
A. before
B. recently
C. lately
D. yet 2010
6. Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.2003
A.has been missing
B.has been missed
C.had been missing
D.was missed
7. For some time now, world leaders___out the necessity for agreement of arms reduction. 2002
A. had been pointing
B. have been pointing
C. were pointing
D. pointed
8. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _____ until yesterday.2005
A. will come
B. was coming
C. had been coming
D. came
9. That was not the first time he _____us. I think it’s hig h time we ______ strong actions against him.
A. betrayed…take
B. had betrayed…took
C. has betrayed…took
D. has betrayed…take
10. "It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means that ____ 2009
A. she seems to be there at the conference.
B. she seemed to be there at the conference.
C. she seems to have been there at the conference.
D. she seemed to being there at the conference.
代词(pronoun)
1. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT
A. Jim did this.
B. Jim did so.
C. Jim did that.
D. Jim did. 2008
2. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far. 2006
A /
B such
C that
D as
3. When one has good health, should feel fortunate. 2010
A. you
B. they
C. he
D. we
4. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future. 2008 A. Their B. our C. his D. its
5.England is justly proud of ____ great poets, especially____ in the 18th century.
A. her...they
B. his...them
C. its...that
D. its...those
6. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s ____ stupid. 2005
A. something but
B. anything but
C. nothing but
D. not but
7. To be or not to be, ____ is the question.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. it
8. Children who stay away from school do ___ for different reasons. 2005
A. them
B. /
C. it
D. theirs
9. ____of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. 2002
A. None
B. Both
C. Neither
D. All
10. I can’t go—for one thing, I have no money, and___I have too much work.2001
A. what’s more
B. as well
C. for another
D. in addition
11. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
A.where
B.of whose
C.whose
D.which 2003
12. –Why are you staring? 2005 –I’v e never seen ______tree before.
A. kind of
B. that kind of
C. such kind
D. such
13. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install_________ solar heating device in our home. 2005 A. some type of B. some types of a
C. some type of a
D. some types of
14.The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.2004
A. however
B. whichever
C. whatever
D. wherever
15. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ____should make great differences in our life next summer. 2002
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they
16. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. 2005
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. such to
D. as much as to
17. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to ___.
A. the other
B. any other
C. another
D. other
18. ___ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.
A. Each
B. Any
C. Either
D. One
限定词
Determiners
1. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? 2010
A. All his lectures are very interesting.
B. Half their savings were gone.
C. Many his friends came to the party.
D. Both his sisters are nurse.
2. Which of the following is INCORRECT? 2008
A. All his lectures were boring.
B. Half his money was gone.
C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.
D. He invited many his friends to the party.
3. Land belongs to the city; there is thing as private ownership of land. 2006
A. no such a
B. not such
C. not such a
D. no such
4. My shoes have been worn out. I’ll have to buy .
A. some new pair
B. a new one
C. some new ones
D. a new pair
5. Miss Green contributed fifty dollars, but she wished she could contribute .
A. one other fifty dollars
B. the same amount also
C. more fifty dollars
D. another fifty
6. I have had enough cake. Would you like ?
A. one more
B. some more
C. any more
D. another one
7.We are so glad that we have reaped harvest this year.
A. the other
B. another
C. other
D. the another
形容词adjective和副词adverb
1. A new laptop costs about of a second-hand one. 2009
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price
2. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times the size of Peter’s in Rome.
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of 2008
3. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, to the
truck. 2004 A. the greater stress is B. greater is the stress
C. the stress is greater
D. the greater the stress
4. That Trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness by his lack of talent. 2004
A. so much as
B. rather than
C. as
D. than
5. John is hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. 1998
A. no less
B. no more
C. not less
D. no so
6. The patient’s progress was very encouraging as he could get out bed without help. 2001
A. nearly
B. hardly
C. merely
D. barely
7. He must give us more time, we shall not be able to make a good job of it. 1996
A. consequently
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. doubtlessly
8. He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad. 2010
A. too strong
B. enough strong
C. so strong
D. strong enough
9. Suan is very hardworking, but her pay is not for her work. 2006
A. enough good
B. good enough
C. as good enough
D. good as enough
10. Which of the following advers can NOT be used to complete “everybody came”? 2009
A. Nearly
B. Quite
C. Practically
D. Almost
11. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean? 2008
A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.
B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.
C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.
D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.
12. We believe that the younger generation will prove of our trust.
A. worth
B. worthless
C. worthy
D. worthwhile
13. The woman is Mrs. Smith.
A. wears a blue dark skirt
B. with a blue dark skirt
C. with the blue dark skirt
D. with the dark blue skirt
14. She bought herself dress.
A. a cotton, purple, expensive
B. an expensive, purple cotton
C. a purple, expensive cotton
D. a cotton , expensive, purple
15. In computer programming, this model is to any of the others we have ever had.
A. more superior
B. the more superior
C. the most superior
D.superior
16. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A.little two other
B. two little other
C.two other little
D.little other two
17. ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
各类从句subordinate clause
1. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009
A. strange why
B. it strange what
C. it strange that
D. that strange
2. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.
A. that you should think
B. by what you are thinking
C. that you would think
D. with what you were thinking
3. Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French.2001
A. since that
B. in that
C. at that
D. so that
4. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. 2008
A. for which
B. for that
C. in that
D. in which
5. There is no doubt ___the company has made the right decision on the sales project.
A. why
B. that
C. whether
D. when
6. I was very interested in ___ she told me. 2009
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. that
7. The party, ___ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. 2006
A. by which
B. for which
C. to which
D. at which
8. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
A.where
B.of whose
C.whose
D.which 2003
9. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.2003
A.which
B.it
C.that
D.what
10. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.2003
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whom
11. He never hesitates to make____ criticisms____ are considered helpful to others.
A. so...that
B. so...as
C.such...that
D. such...as
12.The couple had no sooner got to the station ____ the coach left. 2009
A. when
B. as
C. until
D. than
13. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year. 2008
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. where
14. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _______ that he paid me back the following week. 2005
A. on occasion
B. on purpose
C. on condition
D. only if
15. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. 2005
A. Although he is a socialist
B. Even if he is a socialist
C. Being a socialist
D. Since he is a socialist
16. ___I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.2001
A. As long as
B. As
C. While
D. Even
17.The research requires more money than ________. 2007
A.have been put in
B.has been put in
C.being put in
D.to be put in
18. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. 2008
A. it could be
B. could be
C. it was
D. was
19. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. 2007
A.that
B.as
C.so
D.very
20.That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.2004
A. so much as
B. rather than
C. as
D. than
21. Please pause_____ there is a semi-colon.
A. in which
B. that
C. whether
D. where
22. Quality is ____ counts most. 2008
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
23. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. 2008
A. for which
B. for that
C. in that
D. in which
24. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. 2008
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
25. Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body.
A. what
B. as
C. that
D.like
26. After____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. there 2010
27. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. 2009
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whichever
D. However
28. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.2000
A. after
B. if
C. since
D.unless
29. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ___ in the public mind today.2000
A. exists
B. exist
C. existing
D. to exist
30. Fat cannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat.1999
A. any more than
B. no less than
C. no more than
D. much more than
31. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.1999 A. but B. nor C. as D. like
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句 很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英 语语法是学习英语的指南，对我们帮助很大。以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级 考试语法：—定语从句，希望可以帮到大家 1、mary is a beautiful girl. 名词的扩展靠限定，最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语，上 面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。显然，如果只是mary is a girl这样的 句子会让人觉得非常枯燥，没有什么意义，所传递的信息量极其有限。所以，名词前 面加定语，可以使被限定的名词更加生动，更加形象而富有生命。如果要对名词给出 更多限定，挖掘更多内部信息，我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定，如mary is a beautiful chinese girl. 放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式，形容词，名词，动词现在分词，动词过去分词等。虽然形式多样，但是这类定语还是比较好理解，只要顺着句子的顺序，就基本可以明白是怎么回事。 2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well. 有时候，我们需要对名词给出很多的说明，用大量的信息来限定名词。这时，如 果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面，就会头重脚轻，所以英语中会用跟在名词后 面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句。两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号，而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用，不可或缺，后者起到补充作用，舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。 本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句，使得主语the computer得到限定而明确，是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。如果明白了这个名词可 以通过后面加定语从句来扩展，我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来，请看下例：another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club. 译文：另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）
【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后
2001年英语专业四级考试全真试卷答案 PART ⅡDICTATION Characteristics of A Good Reader To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. Hehas learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus he is able to comprehend the material with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. Finally, the good reader has in his command several special skills, which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that most text books provide and skim-reading for a general survey. PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A STA TEMENT 1. I have to teach the same course books several times in the summer holiday camp, which is sometimes boring and not well-paid, but by and large I’m quite delighted at being with young people. 2. The poor living conditions in such a large city have resulted from the unplanned real estate development, which is rarely seen in small cities. 3. At a recent seminar, many participants were worried about the fact that overpopulation may give rise to many social security problems. 4. May I have your attention, please? Flight 998 is leaving at 11:30 a.m. Please check in half an hour prior to the departure. 5. Having gone through your claims for fire damage, I don’t think the policy you have provided protection against loss by fire. 6. Ian lost one eye in a childhood accident, but he nonetheless had a very successful athletic career. 7. Mr. and Mrs. Clark used to smoke. But now Mrs. Clark has stopped and she is afraid her husband will fall ill if he doesn’t get rid of his bad habit of smoking both at home and at work. 8. I heard from Mary that last semester, Susan found it difficult to stay on good terms with her
plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。
英语专业四级考试真题及答案（完整版） TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013) —GRADE FOUR— TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PART I DICTATION [15 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
专业英语四级语法与词汇模拟题4 单项选择题 1. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ______ proposals in the near future. A.their B.our C.his D.its 答案：D [解答] 考查代词的用法。 本句的主语是association，后跟which引导的定语从句，从句中的谓语动词为has pressed for。association是物不是人，因此代词应该用its，故选D。 2. Had Judy been more careful on the math exam, she ______ much better results now. A.would be getting B.could have got C.must get D.would get 答案：D [解答] 考查虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)。 从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在(主句中有now)情况的虚拟，因此主句用would do结构，故选D。 3. Nine is to three ______ three is to one. A.when B.that C.which
答案：D [解答] 考查方式状语从句。 这道题考查固定句式：A is to B what C is to D。what在句中引导方式状语从句，表示“好比，正如”，故选D。 4. Men differ from animals ______ they can think and speak. A.for which B.for that C.in that D.in which 答案：C [解答] 考查原因状语从句。 in that意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。for which和in which引导的是定语从句，for that不能引导从句。故C为正确答案。 5. ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. A.Much though B.Much as C.As much D.Though much 答案：B [解答] 考查让步状语从句。 much as意为“尽管”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。as much意为“同样地”。A、D不是惯用搭配，故选B。 6. I enjoyed myself so much ______ I visited my friends in Paris last year.
2014年大学英语四级基础语法讲义8 My shoes are worn out. My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿破了。 Be worn out 表示“穿破了”，这个词组看起来是被动形式，但并不强调被动，强调的是状态或者情况，可以理解为形容词短语。例如： My clothes are worn out and I have to mend them. 我的衣服穿破了，我得补一下。 You see,this glass is broken. 你瞧，这个杯子破了。 ★You'd better buy a new pair. You'd better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。 A pair of…表示“一对”，“一双”，指一起使用的两个相同的东西。例如： Have you bought a pair of shoes? 你买了一双鞋吗？ This pair of glasses is very good for me. . . . .
这副眼镜我戴很好。 ★That's a bit expensive. That's a bit expensive.价钱有点贵。 A bit 表示“一点儿”，“有些”，在句中作定语或者状语，相当形容词或者副词。与a little 是同义词。例如： It's a bit cold today;you'd better put on more clothes. 今天有点冷，你最好多些穿衣服。 If you study a bit hard,you can pass the exam. 如果你多一点努力学习，你就能考试及格。 Please give me a little water. 请给我一点儿水。 ★The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before. The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.因上周才开的，所以商店很新。 For 表示“因为”，相当于because 和as.表明原因，三个词中，because语气最强，for 语气最弱。For 表明的原因要写在后面。例如： I want to go to bed,for I feel tired. 我想去睡觉，因为我感到累了。 . . . .
英语专业四级考试真题 PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】 Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two． The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people． Why do earthquakes happen? The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one(34)____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another．Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed．(37)____，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____． Where do volcanoes happen? Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)____ they can be so violent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous．In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen，or (48)____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen．This could(50)____ many lives． 31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand 32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed 33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically 34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause 35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with 36．A．how B．why C．when D．what
虚拟语气 一．一般虚拟条件句 (1) 与现在事实相反 ——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry. ——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you. 那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为： 从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +… 主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋… (2) 与过去事实相反 ——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him. ——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident. 那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是： 从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时… 主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时… (3) 与将来事实相反 ——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs. ——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.
那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是： 从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋… 主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。 练习： 1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document. A.were B.had been C.will be D.would be (D) 2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me. A.were B.would have been C.would be D.had been (B) 3.W hat would you do if war _________ out. A.breaks B.could break C.had broken out D. were to break (D) 二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。例如： ——Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell you.
大学英语四级考试语法指导 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反)： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反)： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
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英语专业四级语法汇总 语法回顾篇： 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点） 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did (be用were)， 主句谓语动词would (should, could, might)+do； 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done， 主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done； 例如： 43. I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying KEY: C 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t KEY: C 考点3.与将来事实相反， 从句谓语动词用：did (should + do或were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用：would (should, could, might)+do。
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
2019年12月大学英语四六级语法讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词。 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语：（4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础， 断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ） 在进行第一步的时候注意以下5种情况： 1如果动词前没有任何（落单的）连词，那么该动词应该是主句的谓语。 2如果动词前有两个或两个以上的连词，那么动词和连词的匹配遵守就近原则。 3如果动词比连词多两个或两个以上，说明有连词省略了或者把过去分词错当 成谓语动词。 4切割嵌套的从句：从句往往从连词开始到从句中的第二个谓语动词出现之前 结束。 5有些词既可以是连词，也可以具有别的词性 例如：that ：既可以是连词，也可以是代词或者限定词； than 、before 、after 、until 等既可以是连词也可以是介词