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高考英语考点解析：猜测词义题1. 词义猜测题常用的提问方式：1) The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.2) The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.3) What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4) The underlined word “…” means ______2. 猜测词义的方法(1) Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
①It will be very hard but very brittle— that is, it will break easily.②The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.(2) Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表示对比关系的词（短语）猜测词义。
①Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.②She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.(3) Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或短语猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(4) Cause and effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
阅读理解词义猜测题（重难题型）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减。
《教学大纲》要求学生“读懂生词率不超过3%的传记、故事、记叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。
”在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：1．旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。
根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。
阅读理解突破之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
高考命题取向正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。
对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
高三英语阅读理解之猜测词义词义猜测题常用提问方式有:1.The word“…”refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _____2.The word“…”is most likely to mean _______3.The word “…”is closest to4.What do you think the expression“…”stands for?5.By saying“…”we means _______6.By “…” the writer means (refers to)7.“…”as used in the passage, can best be defined as ______.8.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”练习一1. We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard that will give us shade and keep the house cooer.A. a kind of treeB. a kind of plantC. a kind of building2. He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.A. got worseB. improvedC. was recorded3. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long.A. washB. cutC. do up4. After the war , the tank factories were converted to other uses.A. expandedB. closed downC. adapted5. Mike gave his sister a small, red tulip because he knows.A. flowerB. radioC. jewelry6. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.A. quarrelB. persuadeC. disagree7. Have some sherries with your Christmas — the most famous wine from Spain.A. a kind of birdB. a kind of fruitC. a kind of wine8. The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.A. slowlyB. quicklyC. in a hurry9. He failed the examination because none of his answers was pertinent to the questions.A. wrongB. connectedC. close10. The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.A. afraidB. shockedC. shy11.The robber was running away with the money, so the girl yelled, “Stop!”A. said loudlyB. ran quicklyC. watched carefully12. I lost a lot of weight and now I am not as fat as I was last year. My clothes fit very loosely.1A. not angrilyB. not tightlyC. not expensively13. Mr Brown ran into a pedestrian with his car when it got out of control and drove onto the sidewalk.A. houseB. treeC. a person walking14. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.A. avoidB. causeC. pay no attention to15. Although the novel is not interesting, it delineates clearly the social and economic life of the time.A. saysB. statesC. describes16. When earth became cold, water began to condense from the vapor.A. coolB. turn to liquidC. become hot17. The ocean has about 3.5 percent dissolved material, mostly ordinary salt.A. wastedB. valuableC. in liquid form18. Sabots, or wooden shoes, are frequently worn by the field workers in Belgium and France.A. clothesB. capsC. shoes19. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.A. bigB. redC. hot20. At first the army training began with easy and pleasant exercises, then suddenly they became rigorous.A. not easyB. roughC. tiring练习二．1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.A. 雪山B. 树枝C. 冰河D. 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.A. strongB. firmC. kindD. clever3. Mr Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用B. 借出C. 购买D. 参观4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A. workB. studyC. nameD. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all call her an eccentric lady.A. 爱猫的B. 古怪的C. 闲不住的D. 动物保扩主义者26. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A. 便土B. 温饱C. 赤贫D. 虚弱7. Mrs Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A. 活泼的B. 好运的C. 多嘴多舌的D. 可爱的8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A. townB. capitalC. countryD. house9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent.A. 勤奋的B. 愚蠢的C. 聪明的D. 情报10. He misunderstood me.A. 委曲B. 曲解C. 误解D. 理解答案：练习一1-5AABCA 6-10CCBCC 11-15ABCAC16-20 BCCCB练习二1-5CBAAB 6-10CCCCC历年高考阅读理解之猜测词义题89) Robert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a big property. In Australia they call a farm a property.70. A …property” in Australia is aA. house.B. school.C. farm.D. radio. Key: C92) Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing p eople with snake bites (伤口) that led me to this career,” he said.70. Which of the following words can take the place of the word career in the first paragraph(段)？A. conclusionB. storyC. incidentD. job key:D90上) In 1907, a young German schoolmaster had an idea which changed this state of affairs. He decided to turn his little schoolhouse into a dormitory (宿舍)for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the schoolhouse was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle (城堡) nearby. This was the first Youth Hostel.88. The word “hostel” is closes t in meaning to ______A. schoolB. schoolhouseC. hospitalD. dormitory key:D97上) Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural (文化的) difference, not an economic(经济的) one.Knowing your own psychological(心理的) space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home.76. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 “Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of space” means “______”A. No two people need exactly the same amount of living spaceB. Living space requirements are not always the sameC. The world requires the same amount of living spaceD. Nobody needs a required amount of living space key:B99上) The last of the great glaciers began its melting about 11,000 years ago. Its melting formed the Great Lakes. These lakes are today little changed from their early sizes and shapes. The largest of the North American river systems was also influenced by the glaciers. This is the Mississippi- Missouri- Ohio system. These rivers were miles wide at first. Through the years they settled into their present channels.85. In the last sentence, the word their refers to _______A. lakesB. riversC. glaciersD. systems key:B00上春) Two traveling angels (天使) stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the guest room. Instead the angels were given a space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied: “Things aren’t always what they seem.”The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable (好客的)farmer and his wife.67. In paragraph two, the pair refers to ______A. the poor coupleB. the rich coupleC. the guestsD. the angels key:B00上春) London has a new magazine. But it is not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV.In order to read this magazine you have to have a decoder. Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There is a wide choice- every- thing is included from cooking to the latest sports news.73. In the sentence “Each page of it is numbered”, here “it” refers to the _____A. decoderB. magazineC. programD. subject key:B01上春) Michael, a typical (典型的) American, stays home on workdays. He plugs into his personal computer terminal in order to connect with the office. After work, he puts on his headphones, watches a movie on his home video recorder, or plays baseball on the computer. On many days, Michael doesn’t talk to any other human beings, and he doesn’t see any people except the ones on television. Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible. The inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.103. The sentence “ Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible” means ____A. Michael is a person full of imagination and he can make his dreams come trueB. Michael is not a real person but the lifestyle does existC. Michael has ambitions but he can’t make his dreams come trueD. Michael is a person full of imagination and his lifestyle is common nowadaysKey:B01上) Jazz 1 n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3n. slang empty talk. 4 adj. of or like jazz:a jazz band, jazz records.77. What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence?Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.Key:DA. rhythmic beatsB. a type of musicC. a kind of danceD. meaningless talk02上)Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized— and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35- year – old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied: “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.73. The word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ______A. acceptingB. claimingC. rejectingD. canceling key:C02上) Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the excitement and importance of these new developments to their students. They know that some of their eager students will someday be scientists and will themselves then contribute(贡献) to the development of new knowledge or its application to new things.80. The word “themselves” in the third paragraph refers to _______A. some of the eager studentsB. the students in the classroomC. the teachers giving lessonsD. all the scientists in physics key:A23上春) A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, parinting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.80. The expression “wait on table ” in the second paragraph means “_____”A. work in a furniture shopB. keep accounts for a barC. wait to lay the tableD. serve customers in a restaurant key:D。
高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题分析解读：推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。
考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。
即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。
文章中没有明确的答案。
要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。
技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：(1) It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that ______?(2) The writer suggests that______?(3) The author uses the example of …to show that ______?(4) What’s the author’s attitude toward _______?(5) From the story we can guess _______?(6) What would happen if _______?(7) Which of the following does the author agree with?(8) What’s the tone 语气of the author?(9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _____?(10) Where would this passage most probably appear?2.解答步骤：（1）定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
（2）字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。
（3）深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。
解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题考点详解词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。
专题16 阅读理解之细节理解题和词义猜测题——精讲深剖（2019全国I卷A）Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24or up to 29 for persons with a disability.本文为应用文。
- 1 - 命题点4 猜测词义 本类考题解答锦囊 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。 任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______. 利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种： 1.根据定义或解释猜测词义 【例题】 (1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year. 根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。 (2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义， biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。 (3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy. 2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。 【例题】 (1)He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.根据耻下文学语境意义，可悟出 quickly 与 hasty 同义。 (2)Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.根据上下文语境意义得知 raw meat 即是 meat that is uncooked. Raw 与 uncooked 表示相同意思生的，未煮过的。 (3)--1 think we are being watched. --Really? What makes you think we are under surveillance?根据语境，可判断出 being watched -15 under surveillance 是同义关系。 (4)During the concert, the children were quiet but afterwards, they became boiaterous. but 表示转折意思，因此 bomterous 是 quiet 的反义词，意思为吵吵嚷嚷的。 (5)Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person,who does not like to go to parties,or to make new friends. unlike 是关键词，它表示Jane与她的姐姐完全不同。根据后面对Jane的描述“„ashyper son,．．．not like to go parties or to make new froends'，可得知gregarious的意思是好交际的。 3．根据举例 【例题】 (1)Scientists are studying how birds such ternsmigrate． 根据举例法(such as)，得知terns是一种鸟。 (2)Today young couples whoare just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances?for example，washing--machines，fridges and color TVs． - 2 -
根据举例法(for example)，得知appUances是指washing-machines，fridges and co1or TVs这类家用电器。 (3)Several other gases，such as argon，comprise the remaining one per cent of the vo1ume of dry air． SUChas提示argon为某种气体。 4．根据因果关系。 【例题】 (1)She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading． because之前的分句表示结果，之后的分句表示原因，可推理，她没有听见的原因是她完全被阅读吸引住了或她正全神贯注地看书。因此engrossed的意思是被吸引的，全神贯注的。 (2)The noise was so faint that it was impossible to besure what it was or even where it came fronL So．．．that．．．，结构引导的句子也表示因果关系。因此可判断出faint在此句中的意思是微弱的。声音太弱，以致不能确认是什么声音或是从哪里发出的。 (3)ThiS kind of flower thrives in this area because the weather is warm，the Soil is excellent，and there iS a lot of rain。 because一词决定了flower与warm weather，excellent sOil，a10t Of rain之间是因果关系。 因此thdves的意思是茂盛成长。 5．根据句意或上下文语境 例1 If he think she can invitemeout，he is all wet．I don't like to be with the them. A. drunk B．sweating C．happy D．mistaken 【解 析】 根据第二句我不喜欢跟他在一起，可推断出，如果他认为他能约我出去，那他就错了。这两句话实际上暗含因果关系。 【答 案】 D 例2 At the age of 77，John was still playing a skill ful game of tennis，ran four miles everydday and seldom missed his daily swim．For a man of his age he was extremelyrobust． According to the short passage，the word“robust”，probably means________. A。strange B．weak C．strong ninteresting 【答 案】 C 根据语境的意思，一个77岁的人还能如此运动，可以说是身体不错，因此可以推断robust是strong强壮的意思。 由此可见猜测词义离不开上下文、离不开具体语境。 Ⅰ高考最新热门题 1. (典型例题，E卷) T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong'clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purpose and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol (象征) of taw
