一综合类
01geotechnical engineering岩土工程
02foundation engineering基础工程
03soil,earth土
04soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载
unloading卸载
reloading再加载
viscoelastic foundation黏弹性地基
viscous damping粘滞阻力
shear modulus剪切模量
05soil dynamics土动力学
06stress path应力路径
07numerical geotechanics数值岩土力学二．土的分类
01residual soil残积土
02groundwater地下水groundwater table,groundwater level地下水位
03clay minerals粘土矿物
04secondary minerals次生矿物
05landslides滑坡
06bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图07engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘测08boulder漂石
09cobble卵石
10gravel砂石
11gravelly sand砾砂
12coarse sand粗砂
13medium sand中砂
14fine sand细砂
15silty sand粉土
16clayey soil黏性土
17clay黏土
18silty clay粉质黏土
19silt粉土
20sandy silt砂质粉土
21clayey silt黏质粉土22saturated soil饱和土
23unsaturated soil非饱和土
24fill(soil)填土
25overconsolidated soil超固结土
26normally consolidated soil正常固结土27underconsolidated soil欠固结土
28zonal soil区域性土
29soft clay软黏土
30expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土
31peat泥炭
32loess黄土
33frozen soil冻土
三．土的基本物理性质
01Atterberg limits阿太堡界限
02degree of saturation饱和度
03dry unit weight干重度
04moist unit weight湿重度
05saturated unit weight饱和重度
06effective unit weight有效重度
07density密度
08compactness密实度
09maximum dry density最大干密度
10optimum water content最优含水量
11three phase diagram三相图
12tri-phase soil三相土
13soil fraction粒组
14sieve analysis筛分
15hydrometer analysis比重计分析
16uniformity coefficient不均匀系数
17coefficient of gradation级配系数
18fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土
19coarse-grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土
20Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统
21ASCE=American Association Society of Civil Engineering美国土木工程师协会22AASHTO=American Association Sate Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会23ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会
四．渗透性和渗流
01Darcy’s law达西定律
02piping管涌
03flowing soil流土
04sand boiling砂沸
05flow net流网
06seepage渗透(流)
07leakage渗流
08seepage pressure渗透压力
09permeability渗透性
10seepage force渗透力
11hydraulic gradient水力梯度
12coefficient of permeability渗透系数
五．地基应力和变形
01soft soil软土
02(negative)skin friction of driven pile打入桩(负)摩阻力
03effective stress有效应力
04total stress总应力
05field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度
06low activity低活性
07sensitivity灵敏度
08trialxial test三轴试验
09foundation design基础设计
10recompaction再压缩
11bearing capacity承载力
12soil mass土体
13contact stress(pressure)基础应力(压力)
14concentrated load集中荷载
15a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体
16homogeneous均质
17isotropic各向同性
18strip footing条基
19square spread footing方形独立基础
20underlying soil(stratum,strata)下卧层(土)
21dead load=sustained load恒载持续荷载
22live load活载
23short-term transient load短期瞬时荷载
24long-term transient load长期荷载
25reduced load折算荷载
26settlement沉降
27deformation变形
28casing套管
29dike=dyke堤(防)
30clay fraction黏粒粒组
31physical properties物理性质
32subgrade路基
33well-graded soil级配良好土
34poorly-graded soil级配不良土
35normal stresses正应力
36shear stresses剪应力
37principal plane主平面
38major(intermediate,minor)principal stress最大(中、最小)主应力39Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库伦破坏准则40FEM=finite element method有限元法
41limit equilibrium method极限平衡法
42pore water pressure孔隙水压力
43preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力
44modulus of compressibility压缩模量
45coefficient of compressibility压缩系数
46compression index压缩指数
47swelling index回弹指数
48geostatic stress自重应力
49additional stress附加应力
50total stress总应力
51final settlement最终沉降
52slip line滑动线
六．基坑开挖与降水
01excavation开挖(挖方)
02dewatering(基坑)降水
03failure of foundation基坑失稳
04bracing of foundation pit基坑围护
05bottom heave=basal heave(基坑)底隆起
06retaining wall挡土墙
07pore-pressure distribution孔压分布
08dewatering method降低地下水位法
09well point system井点系统
10deep well point深井点
11vacuum well point真空井点
12braced cuts支撑围护
13braced excavation支撑开挖
14braced sheeting支撑挡板
七．深基础——deep foundation
01pile foundation桩基础
A cast-in-place灌注桩
diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩
bored pile钻孔桩
special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩
piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩
rammed bulb pile夯扩桩
B balled pier foundation钻孔墩基础
drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩
under-reamed bored pier
C precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩
D steel pile钢桩
steel pipe pile钢管桩
steel sheet pile钢板桩
E prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩
prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩02caisson foundation沉井(箱)
03diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙04friction pile摩擦桩
05end-bearing pile端承桩
06shaft竖井；桩身
07wave equation analysis波动方程分析
08pile caps承台(桩帽)
09bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力
10lateral pile load test单桩横向荷载试验
11ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力
12static load test pile单桩竖向静荷载试验
13vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力
14low pile cap低桩承台
15high-rise pile cap高桩承台
16vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力
17silent piling静力压桩
18uplift pile抗拔桩
19anti-slide pile抗滑桩
20pile groups群桩
21efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数
22efficiency of pile groups群桩效应
23dynamic pile testing桩动荷载试验
24final set最后贯入度
25dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验
26pile intergrity test桩的完整性试验
27pile head=butt桩头
28pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端(头)
29pile spacing桩距
30pile plan桩位布置图
31arrangement of piles=pile layout桩的布置
32group action群桩作用
33end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻
34skin(side)friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻
35pile cushion桩垫
36pile driving(by vibration)(振动)打桩
37pile pulling test拔桩试验
38pile shoe桩鞋
39pile noise打桩噪音
40pile rig打桩机
八．地基处理——ground treatment
01technical code for ground treatment of building地基处理技术规范02cushion垫层法
03preloading预压法
04dynamic compaction强夯法
05dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法
06vibroflotation method振冲法
07sand-gravel pile砂石桩
08gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩
09cement-flyash-gravel pile水泥粉煤灰碎石桩
10cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩
11cement column水泥桩
12lime pile(lime column)石灰桩
13jet grouting高压喷射注浆法
14rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩
15lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩
16chemical stabilization化学加固法
17surface compaction表层压实法
18surcharge preloading超载预压法
19vacuum preloading真空预压法
20sand wick袋装砂井
21geofabric,geotextile土工织物
22composite foundation复合地基
23reinforcement method加筋法
24dewatering method降低地下水固结法25freezing and heating冷热处理法
26expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理
27ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理
28collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29artificial foundation人工地基
30natural foundation天然地基
31pillow褥垫
32soft clay ground软土地基
33sand drain砂井
34root pile树根桩
35plastic drain塑料排水带
36replacement ratio(复合地基)置换率九．固结——consolidation
01Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论
02Barron’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论
03Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论
04over consolidation ratio超固结比
05overconsolidation soil超固结土
06excess pore water pressure超孔压力
07multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结
08one-dimensional consolidation一维固结
09primary consolidation主固结
10secondary consolidation次固结
11degree of consolidation固结度
12consolidation curve固结曲线
13consolidation test固结试验
14time factor时间因子
15coefficient of consolidation固结系数
16preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力
17principle of effective stress有效应力原理
18consolidation under KO condition KO固结
十．抗剪强度——shear strength
01undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度
02residual strength残余强度
03long-term strength长期强度
04peak strength峰值强度
05dilatation剪胀
06shear strength rate剪切应变速率
07effective stress approach of shear strength剪切抗剪强度有效应力法08total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法
09Mohr-Coulomb theory摩尔-库伦理论
10angle of internal friction内摩擦角
11cohesion黏聚力
12failure criterion破坏准则
13vane strength十字板抗剪强度
14unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度
15effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线
16effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数
十一．本构模型——constitutive model
01elastic model弹性模型
02nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型
03elastoplastic model弹塑性模型
04viscoelastic model黏弹性模型
05boundary surface model边界面模型
06Duncan-Chang model邓肯-张模型
07rigid plastic model刚塑性模型
08cap model盖帽模型
09work softening加工软化
10work hardening加工硬化
11Cambridge model剑桥模型
12ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型
13Mohr_Coulomb yield criterion摩尔-库伦屈服准则14yield surface屈服面
15elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16elastic modulus弹性模量
17Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型
十二．地基承载力——bearing capacity of foundation
01punching shear failure冲剪破坏
02general shear failure整体剪切破坏
03local shear failure局部剪切破坏
04state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态
05critical edge pressure临塑荷载
06stability of foundation soil地基稳定性
07ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力
08allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力
十三．土压力
01active earth pressure主动土压力
02passive earth pressure被动土压力
03earth pressure at rest静止土压力
04Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库伦土压力理论
05Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论
十四．土坡稳定性分析——slope stability analysis
01angle of repose休止角
02Bishop method毕肖普法
03safety factor of slope边坡安全系数
04Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法
05Swedish circle method瑞士圆弧滑动法
06slices method条分法
十五．挡土墙——retaining wall
01stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性
02foundation wall基础墙
03counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙
04cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙
05cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙
06gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙
07anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙
08anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙
十六．板桩结构物——sheet pile structure
01steel sheet pile钢板桩
02reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩
03steel piles钢桩
04wooden sheet pile木板桩
05timber piles木桩
十七．浅基础——shallow foundation
01box foundation箱型基础
02mat(raft)foundation片筏基础
03strip foundation条形基础
04spread footing扩展基础
05compensated foundation补偿性基础
06bearing stratum持力层
07rigid foundation刚性基础
08flexible foundation柔性基础
09embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度
10net foundation pressure基地附加应力
11structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析
十八．图的动力性质——dynamic properties of soils
01dynamic strength of soils动强度
02wave velocity method波速法
03material damping材料阻尼
04geometric damping几何阻尼
05damping ratio阻尼比
06initial liquefaction初始液化
07natural period of soil site地基固有周期
08dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量
09dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素
10liquefaction strength抗液化强度
11dimensionless frequency无量纲频率
12evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价
13stress wave in soils土中应力波
14dynamic settlement振陷(动沉降)
十九．动力机器基础
01equivalent lumped parameter method等效集合参数法
02dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法
03vibration isolation隔振
04foundation vibration基础振动
05elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论06allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅
07natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率
二十．地基基础抗震
01earthquake engineering地震工程
02soil dynamics土动力学
03duration response spectrum地震持续时间
04earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱
05earthquake intensity地震烈度
06earthquake magnitude震级
07seismic predominant period地震卓越周期
08maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度
二十一．室内土工试验
01high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验
02consolidation under KO condition KO固结试验
03falling head permeability变水头试验
04constant head permeability常水头渗透试验
05unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验
06consolidation undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验
07consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验
08compaction test击实试验
09consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验
10quick direct shear test快剪试验
11consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验
12sieve analysis筛分析
13geotechnical model test土工模型试验
14centrifugal model test离心模型试验
15direct shear apparatus直剪仪
16direct shear test直剪试验
17direct simple shear test直接单剪试验
18dynamic triaxial test三轴试验
19dynamic simple test动单剪
20free(resonance)vibration column test自(共)振柱试验
二十二．原位测试
01standard penetration test(SPT)标准贯入试验
02surface wave test(SWT)表面波动试验
03dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验
04static cone penetration test(SPT)静力触探试验
05plate loading test静力荷载试验
06lateral load test of pile单桩横向荷载试验07static load test of pile单桩竖向荷载试验08cross-hole test跨孔试验
09screw plate test螺旋板荷载试验10pressuremeter test旁压试验
11light sounding轻便触探试验
12deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测
13vane shear test十字板剪切试验14field permeability test现场渗透试验
15in-situ pore water pressure measurement原位孔隙水压量测16in-situ soil test原位试验
网上一个比较全的关联词整理2010-02-26 10:00 |(分类:#Vocabulary) 1. Addition 表并列/补充/重复/强调/递进 and，also，besides，too，again，in particular，after all，especially，in addition（to），similarly，likewise，as well as，apart from, except, furthermore，moreover，and then，not only ... but also…，even，besides this/that, what’s more ,in the same way, accordingly, equally important, not only… but(also) 2. Sequence 表顺序 first/initially，second , third, in the first place. firstly in the second place, secondly finally/lastly, to begin with，furthermore ,then/next， finally; earlier/later，after this/that, following this/that，afterwards, On the one hand,…. On the other hand, in the long run最终 at long last终于, at length终于… 3. Consequence 表结果 as a result，thus，so，therefore，consequently，it follows that，thereby，eventually，then，in that case，admittedly, hence, for this reason, leads to, cause 4. Contrast 表比较与对照/转折与让步 unlike; on the contrary; by contrast; by comparison; compared with, like…;
土建专业常用英文词汇(较完整版) A-frame A型骨架水泥cement 粉煤灰pulverized fuel ash 碎石broken stone cracked sto ne A-truss A型构架供应量supply 外加剂admixture cement additive abrasion 磨耗；磨蚀桩的平面布置pile layo ut 伸缩接头expansion joint 稀释沥青cut back bitumen abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机回填backfill 摩擦角an angle of frictio n 颗粒材料granular fill abrasive grinding machine 磨机(火石机) 颗粒层granular layer 立方码cubic yard abrasive particle 磨粒psi ＝po und/square inch 英制压力单位Psi具体单位是“lb/in2”, 就是“磅/平方英寸”路堤embankment 粗滤层coarse fliter abso rptio n 吸收ingredients 组成部分，成分，原料；要素，因素job mix formula 工地配合比abutment 桥台；拱座sampling 抽样frequency of test 检测频率 abutting end 邻接端co mpliance with 遵守符合co nform to 遵照符合acceleratio n 加速 in accordance with 依照与…一致wet cohesion 湿粘聚力Asphalt Binder 沥青胶泥 acceleratio n lane 加速车道potholes 坑洞locatio n 现场 acceleratio n pedal 加速器踏板reno mattress 石笼垫层splash pad 冲刷层geo-textile 土工布accelerato r 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂free drainage 自由排水 acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门 access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处 access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道 access ro ad 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道 access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 上落踏板；出入踏板 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶 accessory 附件；配件 accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 acco mmodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laborato ry 认可私营实验室 accumulato r 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 准确度极限 acetylene cylinder 乙炔气(风煤)樽 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 aco ustic co uplant 声耦合剂 aco ustic co upler 声耦合器 aco ustic lining 隔音板
给排水常用名词中英文对照 1、给水工程water supply engineering原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。 2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。 3、给水系统water supply system给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 4、排水系统sewerage system排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 5、给水水源water source给水工程所取用的原水水体。 6、原水raw water由水源地取来的原料水。 7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。 8、地下水ground water存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。 9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。 10、淡水fresh water含盐量小于500mg/L的水。 11、冷却水cooling water用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。 12、废水wastewater居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。 13、污水sewage ,wastewater受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。 14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。- 15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow排水对象排入污水系统的水量。 16、用水定额water flow norm对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 17、排水定额wastewater flow norm对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 18、水质water quality在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。 19、渠道channel ,conduit天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。 20、泵站pumping house设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。 21、泵站pumping station泵房及其配套设施的总称。 22、给水处理water treatment对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。 23、污水处理sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。 24、废水处理wastewater disposal对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。 25、格栅bar screen一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
1、图纸 drawing 2、蓝图 blueprint 3、平面图 plan 4、基地平面，建筑设计总平面 site plan 5、规划总平面 master plan 6、首层平面ground level floor plan （英） first level floor plan （美） ground floor plan （英） first floor plan （美） 7、公共建筑 public building 8、办公楼 office building 9、教学楼 teaching building 10、低层建筑 low-rise building 11、多层建筑 mid-rise building 12、高层建筑 high-rise building 13、塔楼tower building 14、裙楼skirt building 15、景观分析与评估 landscape analysis and assessment 16、交通体系分析图circulation analysis 17、占总用地比例 Percentage of land use(%) 18、人均用地面积 land area per capita average land area per person
19、居住用地 Residential 20、公共设施用地 Commercial and Public Facilities 21、工业用地 Industrial / Manufacturing 22、建筑占地面积building coverage area 23、建筑密度building coverage ratio building density 24、绿化面积 green area 25、绿地率 green ratio 26、总建筑面积 (GFA） total / overall / gross floor area 27、容积率 ( FAR ）floor area ratio/plot ratio 28、实用面积 usable area 29、地下层 Basement level/ floor 30、地下一层 Basement level/ floor 1 Basement 1 level/ floor 31、地下二层 Basement level/ floor 2 Basement 2 level/ floor 32、城市规划 Urban planning 33、景观规划 landscape planning 34、城市总体规划纲要 master planning outline
英语写作常用关联词句 式 集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]
英语写作常用关联词 及句子套用模式 第一部分：关联词 表示开场： （introduction）: generally speaking, comparatively speaking, in general, in a sense, in a way, in my opinion, in some cases, nowadays, recently, currently, obviously, clearly, undoubtedly 表示层进： first, firstly, to begin with； second, secondly, to start with；third, thirdly, what's more, also, and then; and equally important; besides, in addition; further, in the first place; still, furthermore; last, last but not the least; next, besides; too, moreover; finally 表示列举： （enumeration）: first, second, in the first place, first of all, to begin with, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally; for example, for instance, to illustrate, after all, as an example, as a case in point, as an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say 表示解释：
建筑常用英语词汇Chin ese restaura nt 中餐厅 civil air defense 人防 classicalorder 古典柱式 Client 甲 coat room衣帽间, cloak room行寄存处 coffee咖啡厅 color match 配色 color system色彩系统 com mon room, com mun ity room 公共活动室computer room电子计算机房 Concept & Master Planning 概念及总规划Conceptual Design 概念设计conference room 会议室
constructivism 构成主义Con tact 联系 Cornice 飞檐 corridor 走廊 cottage 农舍 courtyard house Den til齿饰 department 咅部门 Design Basis设计基础Design Code 设计规Design Deliverable 设计成果Design Institution Design Narrative 设计说明Design Principle 设计原贝U Design Proposal 设计案
Design Referenee 设计参考Design Schedule设计流程表Desig n Task设计任务Detail大样（建筑专用）dining room 餐室 Dormer天窗 dormitory 宿舍 Double-hung window 双悬窗Drawing图，图纸 Eave屋檐 Elevation 立面 elevator apartment 电梯式公寓entrance hall 门厅entertainment center 娱乐中心entrance 入口
给排水专业英语词汇汇总Distribution system 分配系统 Grid system 环状管网 ring system 环状管网 loop feeder 环状管网 branching system 枝状管网 combination system 联合管网combined system Topography 地形学，地形，地貌，地势 dead end 死水点 feeder 给水管，进料管 elevation 地面标高 valve 阀门，真空管 water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统 service reservoir 配水池（调节水池） pump 泵 storage element （储水）构筑物 70 m head 70米水煮 leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率） hydraulic 水力的，水压的 hydraulic analysis 水力分析 field measurement 现场测量（实测） field date 实测数据 key point 管网节点 pipe junctions 管网节点 node (key point, junction) 节点 sign convention 符号规约 positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正 head loss 水头损失 iterative solution 迭代解 loop method 环路法 flow, runoff, discharge 流量 sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物） Sewer 下水道，污水管 Connection 连接管，排出管 Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管 PVC 聚氯乙烯 Grade line 坡度线 slope 倾斜度，坡度 collecting sewer 污水支管 Interceptor 截流污水管(intercepting sewer) domestic 民用的，生活的 manhole 人孔，检查井 drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道 sewerage system 污水工程系统
建筑专业常用英语词汇 A design basis 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 、 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design B … stage of design 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study [ 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing C # climate condition 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity
风荷载wind load % 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature # 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period 冰冻线frost line 冰冻区frost zone 室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区region with heating provision 不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure ! 相对湿度relative humidity D general room name 常用房间名称 办公室office 服务用房service room ` 换班室shift room 休息室rest room (break room) 起居室living room 浴室bathroom 淋浴间shower 更衣室locker room 厕所lavatory 门厅lobby | 诊室clinic 工作间workshop 电气开关室switchroom 走廊corridor 档案室archive 电梯机房lift motor room
9 主要术语说明 9.1 排水工程 sewerage engineering,wasterwater engineering 收集、输送、处理、再生和处置污水和雨水的工程。 9.2 排水系统 sewer system 收集、输送、处理、再生和处置污水和雨水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 9.3 排水制度 sewerage system 在一个地区内收集和输送城镇污水和雨水的方式。它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式。 9.4 排水设施 wastewater facilities 排水工程中的管道、构筑物和设备等的统称。 9.5 合流制 combined system 用同一管渠系统收集和输送城镇污水和雨水的排水方式。 9.6 分流制 separate system 用不同管渠系统分别收集和输送各种城镇污水和雨水的排水方式。 9.7 城镇污水 urban wastewater 城镇中排放各种污水和废水的统称，它由综合生活污水、工业废水和入渗地下水三部分组成。在合流制排水系统中，还包括被截留的雨水。 9.8 城镇污水系统 urban wastewater system 收集、输送、处理、再生和处置城镇污水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 9.9 城镇污水污泥 urban wastewater sludge 城镇污水系统中产生的污泥。 9.10 流污水 dry weather flow，DWF 合流制排水系统晴天时输送的污水。 9.11 生活污水 domestic wastewater，sewage 居民生活活动所产生的污水。主要是厕所、洗涤和洗澡产生的污水。 9.12 综合生活污水 comprehensive sewage 由居民生活污水和公共建筑污水组成。 9.13 工业废水 industrial wastewater 工业生产过程中产生的废水。 9.14 入渗地下水 infiltrated ground water 通过管渠和附属构筑物破损处进入排水管渠的地下水。 9.15 总变化系数 peak variation factor 最高日最高时污水量与平均日平均时污水量的比值。 9.16 径流系数 runoff coefficient 一定汇水面积内地面径流水量与降雨量的比值。 9.17 暴雨强度 rainfall intensity 在某一历时内的平均降雨量，即单位时间内的降雨深度。工程上常用单位时间单位面积内的降雨体积来表示。 9.18 重现期 recurrence interval 在一定长的统计期间内，等于或大于某降雨强度的降雨出现一次的平均间隔时间。 9.19 降雨历时 duration of rainfall
常用关联词 1．表示举例的关联词 for example, that is, in the following manner, namely, in this case, as an illustration, to illustrate, in the same manner 2．表示递进关系的关联词 above all, finally ,of major concern, a second factor, of minor concern, to begin with, furthermore, compared to, moreover, equally important, of less importance, worst of all 3．表示强调的关联词 especially, without doubt, primarily, chiefly, actually, otherwise, after all, as a matter of fact 4.表示比较的关联词 as, too, also, likewise, similarly, at the same time, in the same way 5．表示转折的关联词 but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, nevertheless, regardless, contrary to, and yet, however, nevertheless, conversely, despite, after all, instead 6．表示因果关系的关联词 for this purpose, to this end, with this object 7．表示结论的关联词 all in all, altogether, finally, in brief, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to sum up accordingly, as a result, because, consequent, hence, since, therefore, thus, 8．表示作者态度的词 ironically, fortunately, to the disappointment of, unfortunately, strangely enough 常用的关联词分为十大类： 一.Addition此外 in addition，and，similarly，likewise，as well as，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，too，not only…but also，even，besides this／that
1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period
Trench n.沟，渠 Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水 Foul n.污浊的 Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的 Distillation n.蒸馏（法） Still n.蒸馏器 Filtration n.过滤 Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝 Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积 Grate v.装格栅于 Basin n.水池，水槽 Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池 Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品 Anticipate vt.促进 Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集 Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的 Nutrient n.养分，养料 Medium n.介质，培养基 Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻 Protozoa n.原生动物 Inorganics n.无机物 Seep vi.渗入 Effluent n.污水，废水 Epidemic n.流行病，时疫 Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学 Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒 Cholera n.霍乱 Round n.循环，周期 Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝 Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加 Distil v.蒸馏 Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析 Brackish a.稍咸的 Estuary n.河口，海湾 Osmosis n.渗透性 Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝 Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌 Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的 Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物 Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的 Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂 Settlting n.沉淀 Settling out 沉淀出来 Coarse a.粗粒的，大的 Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体 Filtration n.过滤，澄清 Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒 Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等） Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用 Detract v.降低，减损 Rayon n.人造丝 Cellulose n.纤维素 Starch n.淀粉
土建专业常用英文词汇回填；回填土 backfill 回填物料 backfill material 逆火back-fire 本底噪声；背景噪声 background noise 垫板；背板 backing plate 后勤地区；辅助埸地 back-up area 隔板；挡板 baffle 遮挡板 baffle plate 遮挡墙 baffle wall 调节池；均衡槽 balance tank 平衡锤 balance weight 平衡载重 balanced load 平冲器 balancer 平衡水管 balancing pipeline 露台 balcony 滚珠轴承 ball bearing 浮球阀；球形阀；波阀 ball valve 球窝接头 ball-and-socket joint 道碴ballast 竹枝棚架 bamboo scaffolding 带式制动器 band brake 带夹 band clamp 尖啸警报 banshee alarm
钢筋 bar tendon 驳运地点 barging area 营房barrack 管筒；芯管 barrel 方形桩barrette 路障；障碍物 barricade 栏栅；护栏；障碍物；屏障 barrier 路障 barrier block 路闸 barrier gate 阻挡板 barrier plate 基座 base 路面下层；承重层；路基层 base course 基架 base frame 基架绝缘器 base insulator 底板；垫板 base plate 底部密封胶 base sealing 平底板base slab 底座支架 base support 基线；底线；基准线 baseline 基线计划 baseline programme 地库；地窖；地下室 basement 混凝土混和机；配料厂 batching plant 斜桩 batter pile 蓄电池battery
英语关联词大全 1）先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this. 2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ；since；as；for；in that...；owing to；due to；for the reason that...；in view of；the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this；therefore；...and so...；consequently；as a result；thus；hence；so；so that...；in consequence；as a consequence；accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon. 3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of; yet...；and yet；but unless. 4) 并列关系：and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still；not only...but also...；not...but (i) addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more
Laminar and Turbulent Flow Observation shows that two entirely different types of fluid flow exist. This was demon- strated by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 through an experiment in which water was discharged from a tank through a glass tube. The rate of flow could be controlled by a valve at the outlet, and a fine filament of dye injected at the entrance to the tube. At low velocities, it was found that the dye filament remained intact throughout the length of the tube, showing that the particles of water moved in parallel lines. This type of flow is known as laminar, viscous or streamline, the particles of fluid moving in an orderly manner and retaining the same relative positions in successive cross- sections. As the velocity in the tube was increased by opening the outlet valve, a point was eventually reached at which the dye filament at first began to oscillate and then broke up so that the colour was diffused over the whole cross-section, showing that the particles of fluid no longer moved in an orderly manner but occupied different relative position in successive cross-sections. This type of flow is known as turbulent and is characterized by continuous small fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the fluid particles, which are accompanied by corresponding small fluctuations of pressure. When the motion of a fluid particle in a stream is disturbed, its inertia
建筑词汇英文汇总 DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 【Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】 【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】 【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】 【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】 【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】 【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 【Discipline 专业】 【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】
英语关联词汇总大全-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
英文关联词 1)先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; next；at last; eventually(终于,最 后)；finally；first of all； to begin with；to start with；to end with； since then(从那时起)； 2) 因果关系：because；because of this； since； as； for； owing to； due to；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；；as a result(结果)； thus(因而)；hence（因此、从此）； so；so that...； under these conditions; 3) 转折关系：but；；however；though；even though； despite that； in spite of； 4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore； In this way ; not only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)； besides； as far as I am concerned; in other words；on the one hand...，on the other hand...； as a popular saying goes...(常言道)；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； In the first place...，in the second place...; 6) 比较关系： similarly; compared with；... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also). 7) 对照(不同点)： yet; still; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; yet; unlike； by way of（通过）；on the contrary； nevertheless（尽管如此）; while; on the other hand. 8) 举例关系: for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know；you may as／say； as he explains； like； such as； in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...； I will say...； I would like to...； in this situation; take -----for example； as for； as to； according to; on this occasion. 9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly； what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular； believe it or not； it is certain that...；to be strict; to be true； definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and... ,to tell the truth