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初二英语上学期各单元的重难点解析

初二英语上学期各单元的重难点解析

频度副词导学
always ; often ; usually ; sometimes 这四个词在英语中称为频度副词,同学们在学习时一定要辨清楚它们的在句中位置(常位于实义动词前,be动词后)和频率。①always的频率最高,表示动作重复及状态继续,中间不间断,译为“一直、总是”,反义词是never(从来不)。 例如:I always get up at 5:00 in the morning . ② usually意为“通常”,说明动作很少有例外,频率仅次于always 。例如:What does your English teacher usually let you do in class ? . ③ often意为“经常”,动作频率没有usually那么频繁,重复的动作中间有间断。例如:He is often late for class . ④sometimes意为“有时”,动作频率不及often ,表示动作偶尔发生,间断时间较长。例如:Sometimes I go to school on foot .


be going to 结构问答
问:be going to 结构表示什么意义﹖
答:be going to 结构常用来表示“打算、准备、要”的意思,常指按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
问:be going to 结构如何使用﹖
答:be going to 后接动词原形,be 有am,is,are 三种形式。Be going to 结构与表将来的时间状语,如:tonight, this evening/afternoon, tomorrow, tomorrow morning,the day after tomorrow ,next week等连用。be going to 结构常指近期将要做的事情。否定句中,要在 be 后加 not,疑问句中,要将 be 提到句首,与 be作连系动词时的用法相同 。 如: I am going to see my uncle this afternoon. He isn’t going to fly kites tomorrow. —Are you going to learn physics ? —Yes,I am.
问:使用 be going to 结构须注意哪几方面﹖
答:需要注意两个方面:1.注意用现在进行时替代 be going to 的情况。 表示位置移动的动词如go,come,leave等等常用现在进行时表示按计划或安排近期将要进行的动作,极少用 be going to 表示。如:今晚他将去上海。误:He is going to go to Shanghai this evening.正:He is going to Shanghai this evening. 2.There be 结构的一般将来时,常用 There is/are going to be表示。如:There is going to be a basketball match tomorrow.
问:同学们,这解答你们喜欢吗﹖下面这几道题是送给你们的见面礼。可要仔细动脑筋哟!下列各句中 be going to 结构用法均有错误,请找出并改正。1.Tomorrow is going to be my birthday.2.There is going to have a football match this afternoon. 3.Lily doesn’t going to see Uncle Wang. 4.I’m going to go to school.5.Jim is going to late.
答:哈

哈,还是我来告诉答案吧。1.is going to be→is. “be going to”结构表示主观上打算将来某个时间要发生的事,但不能用来表示客观上必然要发生的事。2.have→be. “be going to”结构用于 There be 句型中,其后的动词应是 be 而不是 have 或其它动词。3.doesn’t→isn’t. 4.去掉 go to。 5.to 后加 be。“be going to”结构中 to 后要跟动词原形,不能直接跟形容词。

Be going to 专项练习
一:用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1 . What ___ you ______ (do) tomorrow ? I _____ (see) a friend fo mine .
2 .Lucy and Lily ______ (watch) a football match the day after tomorrow .
3 .____ they _____ (go) fishing at East Lake next Sunday ?
4 .There _____ (be) a meeting next week .
5 .Look ! What ____ they ____ (do) over there ?
They ____ (play) basketball .
Then when ____ they ____ (buy) presents for Mr Wu ?
I think they ____ (buy) them this afternoon when school is over .
二:句型转换(每空一词)
1 .Jack is going to leave at seven .(否定句)
Jack _____ going to leave at seven .
2 .They are going to swim this afternoon .(一般问句,否定回答)
_____ _____ going to swim this afternoon ? ____ , they ____ .
3 .We are going to the city by bus . (对划线部分提问)
_____ ____ ____ going to the city ?
4 . My brother is coming .(对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ is coming ?
5 .I have a few friends here . (变为不含not的否定句) 
I ____ _____ friends here .
(key : 一:1.are, going to do , am going to see 2 .are going to watch 3 . Are , going 4 .is going to be 5 . are , doing , are playing , are , going to buy , are going to buy 二: 1. isn’t 2 . Are they No aren’t 3 .How are you 4. Whose mother 5 .have no )


词语辨析讲与练
1.take, carry 这两个词都有"带"的意思,但用法有所不同。 take主要指的是将人或物由近处带至远处,有很强的方向性,它常同介词to连用。 如:Take this bag to your room.(把这个书包带到你的房间去。)另外,take有时也可不表示方向,意为"带领"。这时它也同介词to连用,表示"带某人去某地"。 如:My father always takes me to the park on Sundays.(我父亲常在星期天带我去公园。) carry 可译为"提,扛,搬运,运载",指的是将重物从一个地方弄到另一个地方。 如:Please carry this box to the classroom.(请将这个箱子提到教室去。)
2.too, very这两个词都是表示程度的副词,但所表示的程度不一样。 very表示"很,十分,非常",但 并不过分。而too则含有过分、不恰当之意,意为"太"。 如:This bo

x is very heavy.(这个箱子很重。)This box is too heavy . I can't carry it.(这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。)
3.full, full of 这两个词语都有"满的"之意,但用法不同。full是一个形容词,常用在系动词be的后面, 也可用在名词的前面。如:The bottle is full.(这个瓶子是满的。) /Could I have a full one? (我可以要一瓶满的吗?) full of 则表示装满了某物或人,它的后面要接表示所装内容的词语,full of 必须放在系 动词be的后面。如:This bottle is full of water.(这个瓶子装满了水。)
4. question , problem 这两个词都有“问题”之意,但question通常指人们主观上产生的需要解答或解释的问题或疑问,常与ask , answer 连用。例如:May I ask a few questions ?我能问几个问题吗? Peoblem 常指抽象的问题,指客观上存在的待解决或处理的问题,尤指比较棘手的难题。常与solve(解决)或do with(处理)连用。例如:How to finish the work on time is a problem . 如何按时完成这项工作还是个难题。
5.Fast , quickly , soon 这三个词都有“快”之意,但fast指动作迅速之快,它既可作形容词,又可作副词;quickly 是quick的副词形式,着重指动作“迅速”地发生或完成,具有即刻行动、毫不耽搁之意;soon强调的是时间,即不久之后将要发生的某个动作。例如:It often rains and the trees grow fast .经常下雨,那些树长得很快。Please come here quickly .请快过来。Please write to me soon .请马上给我写信。

疑难解析
1.Why don’t we go fishing at East Lake﹖为什么我们不去东湖钓鱼呢﹖ go+动词ing 是一种常用的结构,多用来表示进行体育或娱乐活动。如:go boating 去划船; go swimming 去游泳;go skating 去滑雪;go hiking去徒步旅行;go dancing 去跳舞;go sailing 去航行 Why not go boating with your friends﹖为什么不和你的朋友去划船﹖ Will she go dancing tonight﹖她今晚要去跳舞吗﹖
2.I’m good at fishing and East Lake has many different kinds of fish.我擅长钓鱼,而东湖里有很多不同种类的鱼。① be good at意思是“擅长……,对……学得好/做得好”,其同义词组为:do well in。如:He is good at English.他擅长英语。Li Lei is good at playing volleyball.李雷擅长打排球。②. Different kinds of 意思是“不同种类的”,“一种……”可以用 a kind of 表示,“几种……”用 some kinds of表示,“各种各样……”要用 all kinds of 表示。 如:This shop sells all kinds of books. 这家商店出售各种各样的书。 She has some kinds of rulers.她有几种规格的尺子。
3.Or maybe, let’s go to the mountains.也许,我们去爬

山吧。 maybe 副词,意思是“很可能,大概,也许”。口语中用的较多,表示不确定的推测或把握不大的回答。如:Maybe he is right.他可能是对的。Maybe he’ ll go, maybe he won’t.他也许去,也许不去。
4.But they have some problems getting there.但是他们在到达那里的途中遇到了一些问题。problem意思是“问题”,多用来指疑难的,困难的问题,如数学,几何,下岗等问题或者令人费解的人或事;question指需要解决或回答的问题。也就是说,需要经过计算,实验等手段解决的问题用problem。如:They are discussing a maths problem.他们正在讨论一个数学问题。I’m sorry,I can’t answer your question.对不起,我不能回答你的问题。
5.Jill often goes the wrong way.吉尔经常走错路。Go the wrong way意思是“走错路”。如:He is lost because he goes the wrong way.他迷路了,因为他走错了路。有意思的是go…way与不同的词语搭配,会产生不同的含义,稍不注意,就容易出错。 如:go along way指有很大作用;go one’s way离开,出发;go sb’s way 陪伴某人;go one’s own way 独断专行。
6.Li Mu has too many things in his bag.李木的包里带了太多的东西。many“许多”与可数名词连用,不可数名词用much;too副词,用在句中加强语气,意思是“太,过分”。如:Don’t read too fast.不要读得太快。The box is too heavy.I can’t carry it.这个箱子太重了,我搬不动它。
7.We’re going to have lots of fun hiking and eating a new kind of fruit. 爬山和吃新品种的水果,将给我们带来多少乐趣啊! Lots of =a lot of意思是“许多,好些”。这两个短语既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,常用在肯定句中,如果在否定句或疑问句中,则用many或much代替。如:We have lots of home work to do.我们有许多作业要做。There are a lot of eggs in the basket.篮子里有许多鸡蛋。



形容词比较等级的用法
在第3单元,同学们主要学习了形容词比较等级的用法,那么,在运用它们时需注意哪些方面呢?
一、何时使用原级? 原则上讲,不进行比较时就用原级。使用原级时,要抓住几个关键的词或短语:very, so, quite, rather, too, much too等等,这些词或短语之后常用原级。如:My bag is very new.The box is too heavy.
二、何时使用比较级 ?两者进行比较时,要用比较级。使用比较级时常见的关键词为:than , much, a lot, even(甚至) 等等。如: This bag is much heavier than that one.
三、何时使用最高级?三个或三个以上人或物进行比较时就用最高级,且形容

词最高级前必须加定冠词the。使用最高级时,关键词为in/of所构成的介词短语,这些短语用于限定比较的范围。如:He’s the tallest boy in his class. This is the cheapest of the three.
四、必须注意的几个问题:1.固定句式:Which / Who is+比较级,A or B? Which / Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C? 如:Which is heavier ,this box or that one﹖ Who is the shortest, Tom, Jim or David﹖ 2.含有of the two这个介词短语时,必须用比较级,且比较级前须加the。如:This mooncake is the nicer of the two.3.注意比较对象要一致。如:我的书比汤姆的新。误My book is newer than Tom. 正My book is newer than Tom’s. 比较的对象必须是同一类的人或事物,即人与人比,物与物比。4.注意避免与自身进行比较。 在同一范围内,要注意排除自身,即自己不能和自己相比,排除自身的方法是加上other。如: 上海比中国的其它城市都大。误:Shanghai is larger than any city in China.正:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.5.注意不用定冠词the的情况。最高级前如果已有形容词性物主代词、序数词或名词所有格等限定词时,则不再加定冠词the。如:Here is a card for you , with my best wishes.The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China.It is my father’s best car.
[热身练习]一: 下面各句均有一处错误,请指出并改正。1.It is hoter today than yesterday. 2.His cake is bigger than I.3.Jim is taller than any boy in his class.4.You are youngest in the class.5.Wei Hua is my the best friend. 6.Kate is very taller than Lucy. 7.His handwriting is gooder than hers.
二:完成句子,每空一词。
1. 夏天武汉比上海热。 In summer it is ____ in Wuhan ____ in Shanghai .
2. 这本书比那本书好多了。This book is _____ ____ _____ that one .
3. 迈克比他班里任何其他同学年龄都大。Mike is ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ in his class .
4. 所有的铅笔中,这支最长。This pencil is ____ _____ _____ _____ .
5. 在学校里物理老师最忙。Our physic teacher is ____ _____ in our school .
6. 他的书比你的书多得多。He has ____ ____ books ____ you .
7. 两个男孩中李雷高一些。Li Lei is ____ _____ _____ the two boys .
8. 黄河是中国第二长的河。The Yellow River is ____ _____ _____ river in China .
9. 这个问题太容易了,人人都能回答。This question is _____ ____ .Everyone can answer it .
10.格林夫人是三人中最高的。Mrs Green is ____ ____ _____ the three .
(key :一:1. hoter hotter 2.I mine 3.any boy any other boy 4.youngest the y

oungest 5. my the best my best 6.very much 7.gooder better 二:1.hotter than 2.much better than 3.older than any other boy 4.the longest of all 5.the busiest 6.much more than 7.the taller of 8.the second longest 9.too easy 10.the tallest of )


疑难解析
1. They are small round cakes with meat ,eggs , nuts or something sweet inside .它们是里面有肉、蛋、果仁或某些甜料的小圆饼。 ①with,介词,意为“带有、拥有”,表伴随状况,不能用have或has替换。 如:The boy with sun glasses may be Tom.戴太阳镜的那个男孩可能是汤姆。 ②something为复合不定代词。形容词、不定式等修饰复合不定代词时,要置于其后。如: we’ve something interesting to tell you.我要告诉你一些有趣的事情。 我们需要记住的复合不定代词有:something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, someone,anyone, noone.
2. They taste a little like our pies.它们(月饼)尝起来有点象我们的馅饼。①taste,动词,意为“品尝,有……味道”,无进行时态,常用作系动词。如: The moon cakes with nuts taste delicious.带果仁的月饼尝起来很香。此外taste可作名词用。如:May I have a taste﹖我可以尝一下吗?其中have a taste = taste.②a little意为“有点”,常用来修饰动词,不可数名词,形容词等。如:—Would you like some more milk﹖你想再喝点牛奶吗? —Yes, thanks, but just a little.好,谢谢,但只要一点。 ③like,介词,“象……”,构成的习语有:look / be like, feel like等,其反义词为unlike。④pie意为“馅饼,果派”,与pie有关的习语有:as easy as pie极为容易的,pie in the sky渺茫的希望,空头支票。
3.The moon looks brighter and rounder on this day.在这一天月亮看上去更亮更圆。look,系动词,后接形容词作表语。如:The dress makes you look much younger.这身打扮使你看上去年轻多了。具有类似用法的系动词还有:get, turn, become, taste, keep, seem 等。
4.We call it Mid-autumn Festival.我们称之为中秋节。动词call后接的是复合宾语,即宾语(it)和宾语补足语(Mid-autumn Festival),再如本单元的句子:① In America, we call this moon the Harvest Moon.在美国,我们称这月亮为丰收月。② Why do you call it dinner when we are eating at noon﹖为什么你们把我们中午吃的饭叫正餐?
5.Would you like another one﹖ 你再吃一个好吗?This is nicer than the other one.这个月饼比另一个更好吃。Another =an+other作形容词时,只可修饰可数名词单数,它指不确定数目中的“另一个”;the other则指两者中的“另

一个”,常与one配合使用。如:I don’t want this cake. Give me another one.我不要这个月饼,给我一个别的。I have two good friends.One is Lucy, the other is Lily. 我有两个好朋友,一个是露西,另一个是莉莉。
6.He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。 She is the oldest of us all .她是我们所有中最大的。In , of 两者都可以用在最高级的句子里表示比较范围。Of表示属性,意为“在….当中”,后接复数名词(有时可省略)或代词,句子主语和of后的名词是同类相比,即人与人比较、物与物比较。如:Mary is the youngest of the three girls . 而in表示“在….范围”之内,侧重比较的范围,后接单数地点名词。句子主语和in后的名词人(物)与地点的关系。如:Bill is the youngest in our class



第四单元疑难解析
1.Do you live on a farm﹖你住在农场吗?在英语中表示地点的习惯用法有:on the farm 在农场,in the factory 在工厂,at school 在学校,at home 在家,in the shop 在商店里,in the office 在办公室里,on the playground 在操场上,in the field 在田里。
2.In the country, he can hear birds singing and sheep bleating.在农村,他能听见鸟儿歌唱,羊儿咩咩叫。 Hear sb./sth.doing sth.意为“听见某人(某物)正在做某事”,表示动作当时正在进行。如:Listen! I hear her singing in the next room.听!我听见她在隔壁的房间里唱歌。能够用于这种句型的动词除hear外,还有see,watch,find, feel,notice等。如:I see the boys playing games.我看见男孩们在做游戏。
3.John agrees with Ji Wei.约翰同意吉伟的看法。agree作“同意”讲,其主要用法有:①agree with sb.表示“同意某人的意见、看法”,也可译为“与某人的意见一致”。如:I agree with you.=I agree with your words. 我同意你所说的话。②agree to sth.表示“同意计划、建议、决定”等,后面常接指物的名词或代词。如:I agree to your idea.我同意你的想法。另外,该短语中的to有时也可作为动词不定式的符号,后接动词原形。如:They agree to do it now.他们同意现在做这件事。I agree to help him with his lessons.我答应帮他复习功课。③agree on/upon sth.表示“就某事达成一致意见或协议”,强调双方相互同意所说的内容。如:We agree on/upon it. 我们对(做)此事达成共识。
4.Don’t you want to be a farmer﹖难道你不想成为一个农民吗? 这是一个否定疑问句。否定疑问句是一般疑问句的否定形式,它常用来表示惊奇、责难、建议、看法等。常译为“难道……?”回答这种句式时,要注

意英汉的差异。答语内容是肯定的就用yes;答语内容是否定的就用no。如:—Don’t you know my name?难道你不知道我的名字吗?—Yes, I do.不,我知道。—Don’t you want to be a good player﹖难道你不想成为一个好运动员吗?—No, I don’t.是的,我不想。
5.Somebody is following us.有人跟踪我们。Something,someone,somebody,nothing,nobody,everybody等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Something is wrong with my bike.我的自行车坏了。Someone is waiting for you at the gate of our school.有人在学校门口等你。
热身练习:下面各句均有一处错误,请指出并改正。
1. When I passed his room, I heard him sing.
2. She works in a farm.
3. Do you agree to what he said﹖
4. --Don’t you want to go to the west﹖—No, I do.
5. Nobody are late for school.
(key:1.sing—singing 2.in—on 3.to—with 4.No—Yes /do—don’t 5.are—is )

学用序数词
数词在英语中分为基数词和序数词,基数词用来表示数量,序数词则用来表示顺序。规则的序数词构成方法是在其基数词后加th, 但也有一些不规则的,我们将它们编为歌诀来记,不规则的也很容易记:一、二、三,特殊记。Th 从四就加起。八减t,九去e 。f来把ve替。Ty变成tie,再加th莫忘记。若是遇到几拾几,只变个位就可以。(说明:one—first , two—second, three—third, 这三个序数词没有规律,要特殊地记。从四开始在基数词后加th变成序数词,但eight—eighth, nine—ninth, 即八要减去t再加 th,九要去掉 e后再加th。Five—fifth, twelve—twelfth, ve结尾的基数词变为f后再加th。Twenty—twentieth, forty—fortieth, 二十,四十这样整十的基数词ty要变为tie后再加th。Twenty-one—twenty-first,遇到几拾几这样的基数词,只变个位就可以了。)
序数词怎么用呢?请看以下详细例句说明:
1.九月是一年中第九个月份。误:September is ninth month of the year. 正:September is the ninth month of the year.分析:序数词前常加定冠词the,如:第八个月份the eighth month.
2.第二场比赛很重要。 误:Game the second is very important.正:The second game is very important.分析:序数词修饰名词时,应放在名词前。
3.他是第二十一个爬上山。误:He is the twentieth-first to the top of the mountain.正:He is the twenty-first to the top of the mountain.分析:除第二十到第九十的十位整数外,其余二十以上的二位数变序数词时,仅将个位数改为序数词,十位数仍用基数词表示,其间加连字符。
4.这是我们的第四次野外旅游。 误:This is our the fourth field

trip.正:This is our fourth field trip.分析:当序数词前有物主代词修饰时,不加定冠词 the。
5.第12课比第5课容易。误:The twelveth lesson is easier than the fiveth lesson.正:The twelfth lesson is easier than the fifth lesson.分析:twelve , five 的序数词应先将 ve 改为f,再加-th。
热身练习:用所给词的适当形式填空。
1 .Spring is _____ season of a year . (one).
2.There are _____ days in a week . (seventh)
3. Lesson _____ (fifth) is easier than _____ (three)lesson .
4. The Yellow River is _____ longest river in China. (two)
5. December is ____ month of a year . (twelve)
(key: 1.the first 2.seven 3.Five , the third 4.the second 5. the twelfth )
 
形容词、副词等级句型用法详析
1:在使用比较级时,只有同类事物才能比较。为了避免重复,常用one,ones, that或those 来代替前面出现过的比较对象。
误:The desks in our classroom are newer than your classroom .
正:The desks in our classroom are newer than those in your classroom .
析:句中desks与 classroom不属于同一类物体,不可比较 。
2:若在同一范围内进行比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较对象之外。
误:Liu Mei is taller than any student in her class .
正:Liu Mei is taller than any other student in her class
析:any student包含 LiuMei在内,必须用 “any+ other.+单数名词”结构来排除Liu Mei .
3:使用最高级必须把主体包括在内。
误:Han Mei is the youngest of her sisters .
正:Han Mei is the youngest of the sisters .
析:错句中“of her sisters”是指Han Mei的姐妹,不包括Han Mei在内,而“ of the sisters”包含主体 (Han Mei)。
4:在使用as….as , not as (so)…….as, less……than 比较时,只能用形容词、副词的原级。
误:He runs as faster as Jim .
正:He runs as fast as jim .
5:比较级前可用much, still , a little , a lot ,even来修饰,不可用very ,more等词来修饰。
误:This story is very more interesting than that one .
正:This story is much more interesting than that one .
6:形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可用the,也可不用。但下列情况下,形容词最高级前不加定冠词the。
(1) 当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时。
误:Li Lei is the my best friend . 正:Li Lei is my best friend .
(2) 当形容词最高级作宾补时。
误:I found it the most important to learn English well .
正:I found it most important to learn English well .
7:形容词比较级前一般不用定冠词the ,但在“主语+谓语+the+比较级+of the two+(复数名词)”的句型中,比较级前的不能省。

误:Tom is taller of the two . 正: Tom is the taller of the two .
形容词、副词比较等级强化训练
用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空。
1. The bike goes ____ (fast). The tractor goes ____ (fast) than the bike.The taxi goes the____ (fast)of all.
2. —Which mooncake do you like____ (well),this one or that one?—I like that one____ (well).
3. —Which do you like____ (well),apples,pears or bananas?—I like apples ____ (well).
4. I think this story is____ (interesting)than that one.
5. Lucy runs____ (slowly)than Kate.
6. He thinks his corn is____ (delicious) of all the food.
7. Which moves____ (quickly),the bus or the car?
8. They don’t use animals to do farm work any____ (much).They use a tractor because it works____ (fast)and ____ (well).
9. He gets up____ (early).His father gets up____ (early) than he.His mother gets up____ (early) of the three.
10. The Yellow River is the second____ (long) river in China.
(key: 1.fast , faster , fastest 2.better , better 3.best , best 4.more interesting 5.more slowly 6.the most delicious 7. more quickly 8.more , faster , better 9.early , earlier , the earliest 10. longest )


巧学 have to
情态动词have to表示由于外界客观需要而不得不做某事,意为“必须;不得不”,是情态动词中的一个重点。为了帮助同学们学习,特编成如下口诀:“情态动词have to,表示客观“不得不”。 动词原形随其后,三单形式has to。现在时和过去时,否定疑问须借 do。 近义词must,侧重主观的意图。”口诀解释如下:1情态动词have to后应跟动词原形,而不跟动词其它形式。如: I have to go now.现在我得走了。2.have to有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数形式为has to。如:She has to stay at home.她不得不呆在家里。 3.have to的一般现在时和过去时的否定句一般不在其后加not,疑问句也往往不将其提到主语前,而像行为动词一样,借助于助动词do的形式。如:She has to work every day.→She doesn’t have to work every day.→Does she have to work every day? They have to help their teachers.→They don’t have to help their teachers.→Do they have to help their teachers? 4.have to的近义词为must,但侧重点不同:have to表示客观上必须,而must表示主观上必须。如:I must stay at home.(说话者认为应该呆在家里) It’s snowing now,I have to stay at home.(外界条件———天下着雪迫使说话者呆在家里)。




疑难解析
1. What’s up ? 当询问对方有什么事情时,常用这

个句子。意为“什么事?”。另外,询问某人在干什么时,也可用这个句型。如:What’s your brother up ? ----He is doing his homework .
2. Nothing much . Do you have any ideas ? 一般来说,形容词修饰名词时,形容词要放在名词前面,如:good students .但当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词后面,常见的不定代词有something ,anything ,nothing , everything ,someone , somebody ,anybody , anyone , everyone , everybody 等,如“一些重要的事情”应译为“something important”。
3. My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母经常带我去那儿度假。1) “take sb.to+地点”表示“带某人到某地去”,当表示地点的词为副词here, there, home时,其前就不再加介词to了。 如:That’s a very beautiful park, so his father often takes him there.那个公园很漂亮,他父亲经常带他去那儿。 2) on holidays意为“在度假”。如:They are on holidays.他们在度假/休假。
4. I do not think it is good for animals to stay in cages.我认为把动物关在笼子里不好。1) 注意这里的否定前移现象。这是一个主从复合句,主句是“I don’t think”,从句是“it is good for…”。在 I think 引导的主从复合句中,表达否定含义时,通常否定主句,而不是从句,即否定前移。如: I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对。I don’t think Jack does well in English.我认为杰克不擅长英语。 2) be good for“对……有益” 如:It’s good for your health to take a walk after supper.晚饭后散步对你的身体有好处。Doing eye exercise every day is good for your eyes.每天做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
5. The animals in cages cannot be happy.笼子里的动物不可能快乐。Can’t be意为“不可能是……”,有猜测之意。如:That bike can’t be Xiao Ming’s.那辆自行车不可能是小明的。 You can’t be fifteen this year.你今年不可能是15岁。
6. I feel sorry for them.我为他们感到难过。1) feel是系动词,后跟形容词作表语,意为“觉得……”。如:I feel happy.我觉得幸福。 He feels very tired.他觉得很累。2) 句中的sorry有“难过的”意思,feel sorry for…表示“为……而感到难过”,它后面常跟名词、代词或V-ing形式。而 I’m sorry to…后面常跟动词原形。如:I feel sorry for your mother.我为你妈妈感到难过。 I’m sorry to hear that your mother is ill.听到你妈妈生病了我很难过。

教你学make
我们学了Let’s make it half past nine .(我们定在九点半吧。)make在这里有“做到”的意思。那么make还有什么用法呢?下面来看make的用法:

、 表示“使得”、“让”之意 。句型:make+宾语+宾语补足语 。1.形容词作宾补 What makes you so happy?什么使你那么高兴? That news makes me sad.那消息令我难过。2.名词作宾补, We made him our monitor.我们推选他当我们的班长。 3.不带to的不定式(短语)作宾补,Our teacher makes us come to school early.我们老师让我们早点到校。
二、 表示“制作;制造”之意 。The workers are making machines.工人们正在制造机器。Mother often makes cakes for us.妈妈常给我们做蛋糕。 注:make后也可接双宾语,上句可变成:Mother often makes us cakes.
三、 含make的短语 ,1.Make faces 做鬼脸,That boy made faces in class.那男孩在课上做鬼脸。2.make friends with 与……交朋友 ,We make friends with each other.我们彼此交朋友。3.make a noise 吵闹 ,Don’t make so much noise in class.课上别吵闹。 4.Make mistakes 犯错误;出错, He was so careless that he made so many mistakes.他那么粗心,出了那么多的错。 5.Make the bed 整理床铺, She often helps her sister make the bed.她常帮她妹妹整理床铺。6.make one’s way to 往……走去, He made his way to the woods at last.他最后朝小树林走去。7.make room for 给……腾出地方 , We should make room for old men on the bus.我们在公共汽车上应给老人们让地方。


a little 如何用?
一、a little 作名词用。 如:1.After a little , they went on reading English. 过了一会儿,他们继续读英语。 2.Please give me a little.请给我一点儿吧。 3.I know a little of everything. 我样样都知道点儿。
二、a little 作形容词,修饰不可数名词,所表示的意思是肯定的。 如:1.I want a little milk.我想喝点牛奶。 2.I know a little English.我懂些英语。
三、a little作副词,可修饰动词,还可修饰形容词、副词的比较级,表示程度。 如:1.The car moved a little. 小汽车移动了一点儿。 2.This book is a little thicker than that one.这本书比那本书厚一点儿。 3.He walks a little faster than his brother.他比他哥哥走路快点。如果把a little换成much,表示的含义则不同,前者表示“一点儿”,后者表示“……得多”。试比较: This house is a little higher than that one. 这个房子比那个房子高一点儿。 This house is much higher than that one. 这个房子比那个房子高得多。


纸上谈“路”
在日常生活中,问路是最常见的事。问路一般包括以下四个步骤:(1)引出话题Excuse me …,(2)询问,(3)指路,(4)致谢Thank you very much ,
下面主要

归纳问路和指路:
一:问路常见的表达方式:
1:Where +be +地点? 例如:Where is the nearest post office ? 最近的邮局在哪里?
2:Could you tell me way to +地名? 例如: Could you tell me the way to the bus stop ? 你能告诉
我去公共汽车站的路吗?
3:Is there +地名near here ?例如:Excuse me, is there a bookshop near here ? 请问,附近有书店吗?
4:Could / Can you tell me how to get to + 地名? 例如: Could you tell me how to get to East Lake ? 你可以告诉我去东湖的路吗?
5:How can I get to +地名? 例如:How can I get to the Great Wall ? 去长城怎么走?
6: Which is the way to +地名? 例如:Which is the way to the TV factory ? 到电视机厂的路怎么走?
7:Could you tell me how I can get to +地名? 例如:Could you tell me how I can get to the
museum ?请告诉我怎样去博物馆?
8:Will you please show me the way to +地名? 例如:Will you please show me the way to the
hotel ? 请你告诉我去旅馆的路,好吗?
9:How far is +地名? 例如:How far is the farm ? 去农场有多远?
二:指路常见的表达方式:
1:Go down /along /up this street .沿着这条路走。
2:Take the + 序数词+ turning on the right / left . 在第…个拐弯处向右/左转。
3:Turn right / left at the +序数词 + crossing / turning . 在第…个拐弯处向右/左转。
4: It’s next to /beside +地名。 它在…旁边。
5: It’s in front of +地名。 它在…前面。
6: It’s behind +地名。 它在….后面。
7:It’s about ….metres from here .它离这里有…米。
8:It’s about … minutes’ walk from here . 从这里步行大约有…分钟的路程。
9:It’s between … and ….. 它在…和…之间。
10:It’s far from here . You’d better take a bus there . 它离这里很远。你最好乘公共汽车去那里。
三:练一练:
“请问到警察局怎么走?”翻译方法有:
1:------ is the police station ?
2: -------- is the ----- to the police station ?
3: Could you tell me the ------ to the police station ?
4: ------ you please show me the ----- ------ the police station ?
5: ------ can I ---- ----- the police station ?
6: Could you tell me ---- to get to the police station ?

(答案:1,Where 2,Which way 3,way 4,Will way to 5,How get to 6,how )


疑难解析
1. It’s about a hundred metres along on the right / left .(它在前面大约100米处的右边/左边)。句中along是副词,意为“向前”。
2. The nearest is about four kilometers away . 句中away意为“离……(多远)”。在句中作

表语。Away这样用时,多放在表示距离的名词之后。如:My home is about three kilometers away from my school .我家离学校大约3千米远。
3. Six students stand in a row in front of the class.(六个学生站成一排,站在全班同学的前面。) ①in the front of意为“在……(里面)的前面”,表示在某物的范围内。如:He’s sitting in the front of the car.他坐在小汽车的前面。(他在小汽车里) in front of意为“在……的前面”,强调在某物的范围之外,相当于before。如: There is a tree and some flowers in front of the house.在房前有一棵树和一些花。(它们不在房子里面) ②class 在此句中意为“全班同学”。class除了表示“班级”外,还可表示“同学们”,如:Good morning,class同学们,早上好!
4. The six students must keep their hands behind their backs.(这六个学生必须把手放在背后。)①must意为“必须”,是情态动词,其否定式为mustn’t;其一般疑问句是把must提前,肯定回答为:“Yes…must”,否定回答为:“No…needn’t”。如:—Must I finish the work tomorrow﹖明天我必须完成这项工作吗?—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。 ②动词keep意为“保持,使……处于某种状态”,常用于“keep+名词/代词+介词短语/形容词/v-ing”等结构。如:Keep your hands on the desk.把你的手放在桌子上。The other students keep their eyes closed.其他学生闭上了他们的眼睛。 Please don’t keep me waiting here.请别让我一直等着。
5. He finds it very hard to travel around the big city because he does not know the way.(他发现在大城市里旅行很难,因为他不知道路。) sb. find/feel/think it+形容词+to do sth.意为“某人发现/感到/认为做某事……”。其中it为形式宾语,它不能用that/this替代,真正的宾语为后面的不定式to do sth.,其中to不能省略。如:I think it easy to finish the work on time. 我认为按时完成这项工作很容易。

Unit 6要点、考点“亲密接触”
1[要点]Excuse me.Where’s the nearest post office,please?
[考点]—____Where’s the nearest bookshop, please?—It’s next to the building.(2001广西) A.Sorry . B.Excuse me. C.Hi. D.Thank you.
[赏析]选B。问路之前,一定先说Excuse me.,这样既可以引起对方注意,又较委婉、礼貌。
2.[要点]He needs some help.
[考点]—What’s the time now? —It’s seven.It’s still early.You ____ worry about the time.(2001青岛市)A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
[赏析]

选B。“need”表示“需要”时,既可以作实义动词(有人称、数和时态的变化,构成否定句或疑问句时,要借助于助动词do或 does。);又可以作情态动词(后跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化,常用于疑问句或否定句中)。本题中的need是情态动词。又如:You needn’t go there.你不需要去那儿了。
3.[要点]He is asking a policeman for help.
[考点]I can’t carry the big box,so I ____ help. A.ask B.ask for C.get D.want
[赏析]选B。“ask for sth.”意为“请求(得到)某物(事)”;“ask sb. for sth.”意为“向某人要某物;请求给予”。两者均为固定短语。
4.[要点]I sit in the front row.
[考点]There are some words on the blackboard ____ the class-room.(2001新疆)
A.in the front of B.in front of C.at front of D.in the front
[赏析]选A。in the front of=at the front of,指在某个物体本身或范围之内的前部;in front of指在某物体或某个范围之外的前面。C、D为干扰项。
5.[要点]They mustn’t look.
[考点]—May I go swimming now? —No,you ____ .You must finish your homework first.(2001厦门市) A.mustn’t B.may not C.couldn’t D.needn’t
[赏析]选A。否定回答May...?问句时,要用mustn’t或can’t; mustn’t意为“不许;不该”,表示强烈的禁止,比can’t语气强。
6.[要点]...keep their eyes closed.
[考点]Please keep your eyes ____ when I give you the present.(西安市)
A.close B.to close C.closing D.closed
[赏析]选D。keep在此意为“使……处于某种状态”,常用句式为:keep +宾语+形容词。


初二(第七单元)
Need“需要”自述
我叫need,中文名字叫“需要”。我有“三招”技艺,自我介绍如下:
第一:我可以作名词,意思是“必须”、“需要”,是不可数名词。这时我常与there be结构“合作”。如: There is no need to worry.不必烦恼。 There is no need for you to come.不需要你来。 我还常与介词“联手”,或出现在谚语中。如: We have need of knowledge.我们需要知识。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难识挚友。
第二:我作实义动词,意思是“需要”、“必要”,为及物动词,负责接待名词、动词-ing和动词不定式等“宾语”,这时我有人称、数和时态的变化。如: Li Lei needs an English-Chinese dictionary.李雷需要一本英汉词典。 This machine needs mending.这台机器需要修理。The children don' t need to go to school on Sundays.星期天孩子们不必上学。I need to put some salt in the egg soup.我需要

在鸡蛋汤里放点盐。Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.你需要理发了。
第三:我还可以作情态动词,意思是“必要”、“必须”,多用在否定句和疑问句中,这时我没有人称、数和时态的变化,与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语部分。如: We needn’t buy any vegetables.我们不用再买菜了。—Need she come?她有必要来吗?—No,she needn't come this evening.不,她今晚不必来。 此外,我有一个好兄弟,它的名字叫 must,我们俩互相协助。如果对以我为首引起的一般疑问句作肯定回答时,用我的兄弟must;如果对以must兄弟为首引起的一般疑问句作否定回答时,就用我(needn't)。如:—Need I go there now ?我必须现在去那里吗? —Yes,you must.是的,你必须(去)。—Must we finish our homework right now?我们必须马上完成作业吗?—No,you needn't.不,你们不必。听了我的自我介绍后,你对我是否有了更深的了解?再不会为need的使用而发愁了吧?


had better 用法要点
had better do something句中的better并不意味着一个行为与另一个行为进行比较。 我们经常用had better来表示一种委婉、客气的建议,意思是“最好……”、“还是…… 好”。 Had better是固定词组, 相当于一个情态动词,没有人称、数或时态的变化,可以和人称代词缩写。如: I’d better, You’d better,She’d better等。其用法如下:
1. 在肯定句里,had better后紧接动词原形。如:It’s raining outside.You’d better put on your rain coat.外面下雨,你最好穿上雨衣。
2. 不因主语人称或数的变化而变化。如:你(他)最好还是去问一下老师。 【误】You have /He has better go and ask the teacher.【正】You /He had better go and ask the teacher.
3. Had better的否定式是在had better之后加上not,即:主语+had better+not+动词原形。不可在had与better之间加not。是had better not do something,而不是had not better do something,更不能借助didn’t来否定。如:六点钟之前你最好不要叫醒我。【误】You had not better wake me up before 6 o’clock.【误】You didn’t have better wake me up before 6 o’clock.【正】You had better not wake me up before 6 o’clock.
4. 变一般疑问句只需把had提前。如:Had you better do your homework at home?你是不是最好在家做功课?had better的否定疑问句是:Hadn’t+主语+better+ +动词原形?如:Hadn’t you better talk now﹖ 你们最好现在别说话好吗?
5. 在反意疑问句里用had来构成附加问句。如: You’d better go to see a doctor first, hadn’t you?你最好先去看病,是不是?


6. 在现代英语中常用better代替had better,省略主语和谓语。如: You had better be careful.= You better be careful.= Better be careful.


第1-7单元重点短语大集锦

期中考试即将来临,为了方便和同学们见见面,我们1—7单元的短语朋友们统一行动,赶紧集合,等候同学们来开茶话会,以便加深我们彼此之间的感情。看,我们早已排好队:
I.动词短语 1.be different from 与……不同 2.be far from 离……远3.Be good at 善于…… 4.be good for 对……有益 5.Be short for 是……的简称 6.catch a bus 赶公共汽车 7.celebrate the harvest 庆祝丰收 8.come over 过来;顺便来访 9.do sports 做体育运动10.Fall into the water 掉进水里 11.find out 找出;查明12.Get together 相聚 13.get out of 从……出来 14.give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物 15.go on a field trip 去效外旅游16.go boating /fishing /hiking /skating /swimming 去划船/钓鱼/徒步旅行/滑冰/游泳 17.go the wrong way 走错路 18.go to the cinema 去看电影 19.go up and down 上上下下;来来回回 20.have to 不得不…… 21.had better do sth.最好做某事 22.play with 玩…… 23.show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.把某物给某人看 24.stand in a row 站成一排 25.think of 想到 26.trip over (被……)绊倒 27.watch a football game 看足球赛 28.watch sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事 29.walk along this road / street 沿着这条路/街道走
II.介词短语 1.at a college 在大学里2.at the store 在商店3.in class 在课堂上 4.in a team 在队里 5.in front of 在……前面6.in the middle of 在……中间 7.in the open air 在户外 8.in town 在城镇 9.in a tall building 在一座高楼里 10.on a farm 在农场 11.on Mid-autumn Day 在中秋节 12.on the city basketball team 在市篮球队效力13.on the lake /river 在湖里/河里 14.on the left/right 在左边/右边 15.on the map 在地图上 16.on the street 在街上 17.on time 准时
III.其它短语 1.a waste of time 浪费时间 2.different kinds of 各种各样的3.full name 全名 4.given name 名字 5.It doesn’t matter.没关系;不要紧。 6.No problem 没问题 7.not...any more 不再…… 8.nothing much 没有什么要做的 9.something sweet 甜的东西 10.Teachers’ Day 教师节 11.the day after tomorrow 后天 12.What’s up? 有什么事?13.Work must come first. 工作第一。

动词填空专项练习:
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom____ (not have)lunch at home.
2. There____ (be) a football match this evening


3. You’d better____ (ask) the policeman.
4. Now you are free .Why____ (not play) this game with us?
5. Listen!Some one____ (sing) in the next room .
6. What about____ (fly)a kite ,Tom ?
7. We don’t need____ (ride) bikes to the farm .
8. Tom is better than I at____ (swim).
9. The teacher asks us to keep our eyes____ (close).
10. Picking apples is much better than____ (have) class.

(动词填空专项练习答案:1.doesn’t have 2.will be /is going to be 3.ask 4.not play
5.is singing 6.flying 7.to ride 8.swimming 9.closed 10.having )




介词专项练习(用适当的介词填空)
1.There are some flowers _____ front of the classroom.
2.Let’s meet _____ the school gate omorrow.
3.Jim,please keep your room clean and put your shoes _____ the bed.
4.I can see lots of trees _____ the hill.
5.—Where’s the post office﹖—It’s over there, ______the hospital and the shop.
6. We can see two windows _____ the wall and a map of China _____ the wall.
7. Lucy and Lily are tall, they sit ____the back of the classroom.
8. The little boy is _____ the middle of the room.
9. They can’t sing the song ____ English.
10. Can I sit next ____ the teacher﹖
11. The boy ____ the picture is Tom.
12. Walk _____ the road and take the third turning ____ your right.
13. They are passing the basketball ____ one student ____ another.
14. It looks ____ a man.
15. They are very friendly ____ us.
16. Does Jim live _____ a farm﹖
17. I have to walk ______ my singing class.
18. I’m hungry,I’ll ask my mother _____ some food.
19. All of us agree _____ him.
20. When Uncle John travels,he always takes a map ______ him.

(keys: 1.in 2.at 3.under 4. on 5.between 6. in , on 7.at 8. in 9.in 10.to 11.in 12.along, on
13. from , to 14. like 15. to 16.on 17. to 18. for 19. with 20.with )

同义句转换专练
(在改写后的句子空白处填上适当的词,使两句的意思相近,每空一词。)
1.Those boats look like ducks.→Those boats ____ like ducks.
2.Let’s go boating in Zhongshan Park ,OK﹖→ _____ ______ go boating in Zhougshan Park﹖
3.Why don’t we meet a little earlier﹖→ ____ ____ ______ meet a little earlier﹖
4.Do you have time next Saturday evening﹖→ ____ you _____ next Saturday evening﹖
5.Shall we climb that hill﹖→ ____ climb that hill, ____ _____﹖
6. Let’s see a film(电影).→Let’s ____ ____ ____ ____ .
7. A zoo is in ou r city.→ ____ ____ a zoo in our city.
8. They don’t

do anything every day.→ a) They have ____ ____ _____ everyday.
b) They ____ ____ _____ to do every day.


同义词的辨析
road, street与way这三个词都有“路”的意思。其区别在于:
1. road是一个常用词,意为“公路”或“马路”。它表示可供任何车辆通行的路,也可以引申为抽象的、形象化的道路。如:We are going to meet on the road outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门外的路上集合。 the road to success 成功之路
2. street的意思是“街道”。它指城市或乡镇两旁有建筑物、商店等比较宽阔的道路,或指区内可供车马、行人走的平坦的路。如: Don’t play in the street.不要在街上玩。
3. . way意为“道路”,常指“为到达目的地而必须经过的路线”。如: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the computer company﹖ 劳驾,你能告诉我去电脑公司的路吗? way也可表示方法。如: The work must be finished in one way or another. 工作必须设法做好。

词汇一点通
1. In the city of在……市,如:in the city of Shanghai“在上海市”,或in Shanghai city。
2. the last three floors意为“最后三层”,此处last“最后的”,反义词为first,如:the last two days最后两天,the first four rows前四排。
3. Let sb.show sb.让某人指给某人看。如:Let me show you here.让我在这儿指给你看。Show sb.around 领某人参观。
4. A place called…“一个叫……的地方”,如:a place called Harbin一个叫哈尔滨的地方。

疑难解析
1.He uses a lift to go up and down. 他乘电梯上下楼。 1)这里的use是动词,意为“用、使用、利用”。use用作名词时,意思是“用途、用处”。其形容词为useful,意为“有用的”。 如:Use your eyes to look and don’t use your hands to touch.用眼睛看而不要用手摸。 What’s the use of the bike﹖自行车有什么用途? Is the TV very useful﹖电视很有用吗? 2) 句子中的up and down为副词词组,做状语,修饰动词go,表示“上上下下”、“来回地”、“到处”。 如:He looks at them up and down.他将那人上上下下打量了一番。 He walks up and down in the classroom.他在教室里走来走去。
2.It is about two hundred metres from his home.那儿离他家大约有200米。 Be far from表示“离……远”,如果用be near to,则表示“离……近”,表示离某处具体有多远,应用be…(away) from。 如:The sun is far from the earth.太阳离地球很远。 His home is near to our school.他家离我们学校近。 His home is five hundred metres (away) from our school.他家离我们学校有500米。
3.Foo

tball is a very popular game in China.足球在中国是一项很受欢迎的运动。1) popular意为“流行的、受欢迎的”。它是一个形容词,常作定语用。如:a popular teacher 一位受欢迎的老师 popular songs 流行歌曲 2) be popular with sb./in a place是一个固定结构。 如:The song is popular with the students.这首歌在学生中很流行。Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中国很受欢迎。
4.How many players are there in a team﹖一个队有多少队员? player意为“运动员”,是由动词play+er构成的名词。英语中,动词后加(e)r可以构成相对应的名词。 如:work—worker teach—teacher speak—speaker write—writer read—reader drive—driver sing—singer run—runner clean—cleaner 但是visitor, inventor是动词词尾加-or构成的名词。
5.Aren’t all balls round﹖难道球不都是圆的吗? 1) 此句是否定疑问句,它常带有某种感情色彩。在这儿表示“惊讶”,汉语可译成“难道不……”。 如:Isn’t she a student﹖难道她不是一个学生吗? Don’t you know him﹖难道你不认识他?2) all用于否定句中,表示“部分否定”,意为“并不都是……”。 如:All the apples are not small.不是所有的苹果都很小。 All the girls are not singing.不是所有的女孩都在唱歌。
对应练习:从下面各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
1.Liu Hua a knife to cut the bread. A.with B.uses C.has D.by 2.The lift takes people .
A.from one to another B.out of the city C.up and down D.into the city
3.Our house is two kilometres the station. A.away B.off C.to D.from 4.The singer is popular America. A.of B.about C.for D.in
5.Chinese food is becoming popular Americans. A.with B.in C.to D.for



初二第八单元 
Keep句型归纳 (unit 8)
同学们,在Unit 6和Unit 8我们分别学了keep的两种用法。
1. keep+宾语+介词短语 The six students must keep their hands behind their backs.
2. keep+表语 You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
另外,keep还有以下一些用法:1. keep+宾语,keep此处表示“保存、保护、借、喂养”。如: You can keep the books for two weeks. 你能保留(借)这些书两周。 The farmers keep a lot of horses. 农民们养了许多马。
2. keep+宾语+宾语补足语①. keep+宾语+adj. 表示“使……保持……状态”。如: Please keep the door closed. 请让门关着。 Keep the floor

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