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2017年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(江苏卷)

2017年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(江苏卷)
2017年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(江苏卷)

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)

A

CHRONOLOGICA

——那些界定历史的令人难以置信的年份

你知道……吗?

在公元105年,纸在中国被发明吗?

哥伦布什么时候发现了新世界吗?

大英博物馆于1759年开放吗?

CHRONOLOGICA是一场穿越时间的奇妙旅行,从罗马的建立到因特网的创建。沿途有国王和王后的童话故事,有热气球……,还有太空猴子。

领略世界历史中最难以置信的100年,了解为什么当罗马帝王并不像听起来那么好,知晓英法百年征战为何没有持续100年,得知斯潘塞?珀西瓦尔拥有一个相当不幸记录的缘由。

CHRONOLOGICA是一本资料丰富且饶有趣味的洞悉历史的书,插图精美,充满难以置信的事实案例。CHRONOLOGICA不但讲述了像托马斯?爱迪生和亚历山大大帝这样的历史名人的故事,而且还描述了一些较罕为人知的人物的生活,包括探险家芒戈?帕克和雕塑家格曾?博格勒姆。

这部完整而简洁的历史作品一定能满足老少读者,而且也一定能给即便是最成功的历史爱好者呈现一些新的内容。

B

出生前,胎儿就能够区分巨大的声响和各种声音。他们甚至能够辨别母亲和陌生女性的声音。然而,当谈及胎教时,鸟类却是最厉害的。根据《AUK鸟类学研究进展》近日的报道,一些鸟妈妈可能会在幼鸟孵化出来前教它们唱歌。新生雏鸟在出生后几天便可以模仿母亲的叫声。

澳大利亚南部弗林德斯大学的生物学家索尼娅?克兰多尔弗和她的同事在2012年首次注意到这种教育方法。他们发现,雌性澳大利亚鹪鹩在孵蛋时反复重复一种声音。当蛋孵化出来后,雏鸟便会对它们的母亲发出类似的叫声——一种相当于“来喂我吧”的常规叫声。

为了发现鸟类是否普遍拥有这种特质,研究者找到了另一种澳大利亚鸣禽——红背鹪鹩。首先,他们收集了来自昆士兰四个地方67个鸟巢孵化前后的声音数据。然后他们通过对笔记中的次序和数字进行分析辨别出求助鸣叫。电脑分析对鸟妈妈和雏鸟的鸣叫进行随机对比后根据类似度进行分类。

结果显示,红背鹪鹩幼鸟也会发出类似它们母亲的鸣叫。而且它们的母亲对着鸟蛋鸣叫的频率越高,幼鸟的求助鸣叫就(与鸟妈妈的鸣叫)越相似。除此之外,研究组的另外一个独立实验表明,模仿鸟妈妈声音最像的幼鸟会获得最多的食物。

这项观察暗示,有效的胎教可以将孩子神经系统的力量信号发送给父母。由此便可得出一种进化推断。“作为父母,你愿意为优质宝贝投入(时间和精力),还是愿意为需要帮助的孩子投入?”克兰?多尔弗问道。“我们的研究结果表明他们会选择优质宝贝。”

C

一种新商品催生出一个盈利丰厚、发展迅速的行业,促使反垄断监管机构介入,以约束那些掌控这种商品流转的从业者。一个世纪以前,石油就是这样一种资源。现在,一些巨头公司引发了类似的担忧,它们经营的是数据——数字时代的石油。最成功的巨头包括谷歌、亚马逊、脸谱网和微软。一切都看似势不可挡。

如此的统治地位引发了要求拆分科技巨头的呼声,但规模本身并不是罪过。这些巨头的

成功也让消费者受益。很少有人想过没有搜索引擎或快递的生活。它们没有向消费者乱开价,而是免费提供很多服务(实际上,用户以提交更多数据的方式来换取免费服务)。而新贵公司的出现表明新入行的公司仍能卷起风浪。

不过仍然有理由担心。互联网使得数据资源充足、全方位呈现且更具价值,改变着数据

和竞争的本质。谷歌起初通过用户收集数据以达到增加广告效益的目的。但最近它发现数据可以转化为能够出售给其他公司的新的服务:翻译和视觉识别。互联网公司对数据的掌控给了它们极大的权力。所以它们在自己的市场和其他市场拥有“上帝的视角”的一系列活动。

数据的特性让过去的反垄断措施不再那么有效。把谷歌这样的公司拆解成五个“小谷歌”并不能阻止网络效应重现:假以时日,它们当中的某个会再度确立霸主地位。现在需要彻底反思。随着新方法的轮廓逐渐清晰,两大想法脱颖而出。

其一是反垄断机构要从工业时代步入21世纪。例如,在考虑并购时,它们以往习惯根据规模来确定何时介入。现在,在评估交易影响时它们需要考虑公司数据资产的范围。收购价格也是个信号,可能预示既有公司意在吞掉新生威胁。当这种情况发生时,特别是当一个新生公司毫无利润可言时,监管结构就应该发出危险信号了。

第二条原则是削弱在线服务供应商对数据的掌控力,让提供数据的一方拥有更大的控制权。可以强制要求公司向消费者展示它们掌握的信息,以及从中获利多少。政府可以规定在

征得用户同意的情况下,分享某些类型的数据。

在信息时代重启反垄断绝非易事。但如果政府不希望由几大巨头掌控数据经济,那么它们就要尽快行动。

D

老问题,新方法

虽然我们在日常生活中越来越多地使用清洁能源,但是在二氧化碳排放量达到峰值后,全球变暖的状况仍将持续几十年。所以,即使从今天起就开始减少排放,我们还是要面临适应气候变化的挑战。下面我着重介绍一些更加明智更具创造性的适应气候的例子。

谈及适应,理解气候变化是一个过程具有重要的意义。所以我们讨论的不是去适应一种新的标准,而是适应环境不断变化的状态。这就是为什么美国国家气候评估报告称“没有万能的适应方法”。至少在某种程度上是这样。不过,有一些举措的效果很好,并且风险或成本很低。

世界各地的人们,尤其是一些贫困国家的人们,正在以一些出人意料的方式来适应(环境变化)。近几十年来,洪水对孟加拉国的破坏越来越严重。在别人仅仅看到灾难时,穆罕默德?雷兹万看到了机遇。他的非盈利组织经营了100条河船,用来作为漂浮图书馆、学校、以及健康诊所,这些河船都配备了太阳能电池板和其他通讯设备。雷兹万正在创建漂浮连接,用来替代被洪水淹没的道路和高速公路。但是他也致力于较基础层面的服务:他的员工向人们展示如何搭建漂浮园地和鱼塘,以避免在雨季出现饥荒。

在亚洲其他地方,更为惊人的举措正在发生。阿旺诺培住在印度山区,在这里他被称为“冰人”。全球变暖引发的冰川融化对农业构成巨大的威胁。没有冰川,水就会不时流向河流,从而有可能破坏农作物。诺培的灵感源自冬天不需要的废水。他将废水引流到较浅的盆

地,水在这里结冰,并一直储存到春天。他的冰田完全能够供应灌溉用水。修建了九个这样的储冰区,诺培算了一下他可以储存大约20万立方米的水。气候变化是一个不断持续的过程,所以诺培的储冰区不会永久存在。气候变暖会影响它们。但是他给农民们提供了一些年限,这些年他们也许会发现其他的适应方式。

增加地球的反光可以使地球降温。在西班牙南部温室(可以将光反射回太空)的突然增长改变了当地的气温变暖趋势,而且还实际上降低了该区域的气温。虽然整个西班牙气温在快速上升,但温室附近的温度却降了下来。这个案例应该激发所有的城市。将楼房刷成白色,或许也可以减慢气候变暖的进程。

在秘鲁,一座有冰川的山周边已经成为气候变化的受害者的农民已经开始将整座山顶刷成白色,以期这额外增加的反光可以恢复这给与生命的冰。结果尚不清楚。但世界银行已将这项工程加入“拯救星球的100个创意”这一清单。

更多普通的适应形式正在世界各地发生。我的一个朋友在维多利亚西部拥有一片土地。历经五代,这片土地湿度已经变得太大,不再适合耕种。但在过去的十年间,日渐减少的降雨量使得他能够种植收益颇丰的庄稼。许多国家的农民也在以这种方式适应——或者种植新的农作物,或者用不同的方式种植相同的作物。这是常识。但一些关于适应的提议却不是常识。污染行业辩称,我们已经输了控制碳污染这场战斗中失,我们已别无选择,只能适应。这纯属一派胡言,目的是让企业能够正常运行。

人类将继续以普通的或令人惊讶的方式适应不断变化的气候。但是,最明智的适应模式无疑是改造我们的能源系统以排放更少的碳污染物。毕竟,如果我们以那种方式适应的话,我们也许就没必要应对以其他方式适应所带来改变。

2017年高考英语全国卷3-答案

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅲ) 英语答案解析 第一部分:阅读理解 第一节 1.【答案】A 【解析】题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行,而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。故选A。 【考点】冠词,细节理解。 2.【答案】C 【解析】第二个项目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。故选C。 【考点】介词辨析,细节理解。 3.【答案】D 【解析】第四个项目Holiday Lights Tour的最后一句话提到”Advance reservations required”,由此可知,该旅行需要提前预定。故选D。 【考点】代词,细节理解。 4.【答案】B 【解析】根据第一段的最后一句”As one group of workers carried out the rubbish,another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end”可推断出工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭做准备。故选B。 【考点】副词辨析,推理判断。 5.【答案】D 【解析】根据第二段中的”Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知,剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last picture Show这部电影,因为他认为这部电影很合适。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable都表示“合适的”。故选D。 【考点】细节理解。 6.【答案】C 【解析】第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司,该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼,因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。 【考点】动词的时态,推理判断。

2017年高考英语全国1卷真题及答案(word版) (1)

绝密★启封前试卷类型A 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国1卷)

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2017年江苏高考英语真题解析版

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2017年高考英语真题三套打印版

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2017年高考英语全国卷1

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