Unit 3Inventors and inventions
1．achieve v t.__达到；取得__
2．ambitious adj.__有雄心壮志的__
3．birthplace n．__出生地；故乡__
4．__confident__ adj.自信的
5．creative adj.__富有创造力的__
6．be enthusiastic __about__对……热心
7．make efforts __to do__ sth.努力做某事
8．regard...as...__认为……是……__
9．make great __contributions__ to对……做出巨大贡献
10．__set__ a good example __to__为……做出好榜样
11．be honored as__被誉为……__
12．be fond of/keen on...__喜欢……__
13．be skilled __in__ sth.在……方面熟练
14．develop an interest in__在……方面发展兴趣__
15．cause wide public concern__引起公众的广泛关注__
1．The first computer was brought into the world by Vannevar Bush in 1931. __From then on__，it has __enriched__ people's whole life.
第一台电脑是在1931年被范内瓦·布什发明的，从那时起，它丰富了人们的整体生活。2．Their inventions __have contributed to__ the development of the whole society.
他们的发明促进了整个社会的发展。
3．He __is considered as__ a creative scientist and people __show great respect to__ him.
作为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们非常尊重他。
DAN CI FEN LEI QIAO JI
单词分类巧记
Ⅰ.考试单词
1．核心必记单词
①__convenient__ adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
→__convenience__ n．方便；便利
②__passive__adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的
→ __active__adj.(反义词)主动的；积极的
③__seize__ v t.抓住；捉住；夺
④__file__ n．文件；档案；文件夹；v t.提交；将……归档
⑤__freezing__ adj.冰冻的；严寒的
→__freeze__ v t.& v i.冻结；凝固
⑥__bear__ v t.忍受；忍耐；负担
→__bearable__ adj.可容忍的
⑦__current__ n．(水或气)流；电流；adj.现在的；当前的
⑧__associate__ v t.联想；联系；n.同伴；伙伴
→__association__ n．联盟；社团；联想
⑨__practical__ adj.实际的；实践的；实用的
→__practically__ ad v.实际上；事实上
→__practice__ v t.& v i.& n．实践；练习
2．阅读识记单词
⑩distinguish v i.& v t.__显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别__
→__distinguished__ adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的?merciful adj.__宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的__
→__mercy__ n．仁慈；慈悲；宽容
?caution n．__小心；谨慎__
→__cautious__ adj.小心的；谨慎的
?expectation n．__预料；期待；期望__
→__expect__ v t.& v i.预料；期待；期望
?merry adj.__愉快的；高兴的__
→__merrily__ ad v.高兴地；愉快地
?valid adj.__有效的；确凿的__
?ripe adj.__熟的；成熟的__
?innocent adj.__清白的；无罪的；天真的__
→__innocence__ n．清白；无罪；天真
?dynamic adj.__充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的__ ?tap v t.& v i.__轻打；轻拍；轻敲__；
n．__轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头__
?stable adj.__稳固的；稳定的；安定的__
○21competence n．__能力；胜任；本领__
→__competent__ adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的
Ⅱ.举一反三
1．后缀－ive形容词集锦
①active主动的
②passive被动的
③positive积极的
④negative消极的
⑤subjective主观的
⑥expensive昂贵的
2．表示“抓住”的相关词语一览
①seize v t.抓住；捉住
②catch v t.抓住；接住
③grasp v t.抓住；掌握
④catch hold of抓住
⑤get hold of抓住
Ⅲ.单词词汇综合运用
1．(2016·天津卷)In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your __expectations__(expect)．
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under __freezing__(freeze) water, in the damaged wooden ship.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear __to let/letting__ (let) it happen again.
4．(2015·广东卷)It's important to distinguish reality __from__ dreams.
5．(全国卷)We hope you will accept our invitation if it is __convenient__ (convenience) for you. 6．When we plan our vacation, mother often offers __practical__(practice) suggestions.
7．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually__associated__with bad luck, but actually there isn't any__association__between them.(associate)
8．The__products__which have been__produced__in our factory fail to meet the demand.So we are planning to expand__production__.(product)
DUAN YU YU JING CHUAN JI
短语语境串记
Ⅰ.短语巧记
1．__call up__给……打电话，使想起
2．__now and then__偶尔；有时
3．__set about__开始；着手
4．__dive into__迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．__set out (to do)__开始(做)
6．__hang on__不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 7．__out of order__次序颠倒；发生故障
8．__get through__设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过 9．__ring back__回复电话 10．__ring off__挂断电话 Ⅱ.联想归纳
1．“着手做”短语总结 ①set about doing... ②set out to do... ③settle down to doing... ④get down to doing... ⑤go about doing... 2．电话习语
①ring off, hang up 挂断电话
②hold on, hang on 别挂断电话，等一下 ③by telephone, over/on the telephone 通过电话 ④The line is busy/engaged 电话占线 Ⅲ.短语综合运用
1．Xiao Ming always dreams of inventing a new mobile phone that doesn't do harm to people's eyes. He ①__dives into__ his dreaming inventions after school every day. ②__Now and then__ he ③__calls up__ his science teacher to consult some questions. His teacher never ④__rings off__ until Xiao Ming gets a satisfying answer.
2．Last year, Xiao Ming ①__set about__ designing his new mobile phone after he figured out all the puzzling problems. He did ②__get through__ a lot of pains during his work. To his pain, the phone he is using now is often ③__out of order__， especially when he ④__rings__ others
__back__. How he hopes to invent his new phone earlier!
JU SHI YUN YONG SU JI 句式运用速记
词汇短语通关
1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
C单词词汇延伸
distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的
Y用法总结
(1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……
distinguish oneself(as...)(作为……)表现突出
(2)be distinguished for...因……而出名
be distinguished as作为……而出名
D考试训练
完成句子。
①(2017·江苏)They can even __distinguish__ their mother's voice __from__ that of a female stranger.
它们(雏鸟)甚至能够把它们的妈妈的声音与一位陌生雌鸟的声音区分开来。
②(朗文辞典)The twins are so alike. It's difficult to __distinguish__ one __from__ the other.
这对双胞胎太像了，很难分辨出谁是谁。
③(牛津词典)At what age are children able to __distinguish between__ right __and__ wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
④The Chinese Nation which __is distinguished for__ its diligence and courage has attracted the attention from the world.
以勤劳勇敢著称的中华民族吸引了来自世界的关注。
单句语法填空。
⑤It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man __from__ the other animals.
⑥Honestly speaking, I admire your __distinguished__ (distinguish) achievements.
2．bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实
G归纳拓展
(1)can't bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事
can't bear sb./sb.'s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事
(2)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备
(3)bear/keep sth.in mind 记住某事
bear/keep in mind that...记住……
D考试训练
写出下列句中bear的含义。
①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？__负担；承担__
②He can't bear being laughed at in public.__忍受__
③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.__生育__
④Some of the newly－planted apple trees have also begun to bear.__结果实__
用所给词的适当形式填空。
⑤I couldn't bear__to listen/listening__(listen)any longer，so I left the room.
⑥__Bearing__(bear)a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.
补全句子。
⑦We should always__bear/keep in mind that__many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving.
我们应该牢记，很多事故都是由酒后驾驶造成的。
3．associate vt.联想；联系n．同伴，伙伴
C单词词汇延伸
association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
Y用法总结
(1)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事
be associated with... 和……有关
associate with sb.与某人交往或打交道
(2)in association with... 与……合伙/合作
D考试训练
完成句子。
①The first step to making friends __is associating with__ other people.
交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。
②(牛津词典)He __is closely associated__ in the public mind __with__ horror movies.
在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
单句语法填空。
③We are working in __association__(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
④Health is frequently thought __to be associated__(associate) with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.
一句多译。
有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
⑤There are many serious health problems __that/which are associated with smoking__.(使用定语从句)
⑥There are many serious health problems __associated with smoking__.(使用分词短语作定语)
⑦There are many serious health problems __in association with smoking__.(使用介词短语作定语)
4．call up给……打电话；使想起
G归纳拓展
call at 拜访(某个地点)
call off 取消；停止
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for (公开)要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)
call in 邀请；请来
D考试训练
用call短语填空。
①(2015·湖南)The teacher's praise __called up__ memories of my mother's encouragement.
②President Xi Jinping __called up__ Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, the two astronauts aboard the
Tiangong number two space experiment apparatus to ask their physical condition.
③They call__on/upon/for__people and the government to take measures to fight against light pollution.
④The game was __called off__because of the bad weather.
⑤He offered me a good job, one that __calls for__ great patience.
⑥I will __call for__ you at 8 o'clock at the school gate.
⑦Mr White was to __call at__ my house after he finished his speech.
5．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽
G归纳拓展
(1)get(sth.)across(to sb.) (使某事)被(某人)理解
get along with sb.与某人相处；进展
get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚
get down to(doing)sth.开始做某事；认真处理某事
get over 爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
(2)go through经历；检查
look through浏览；仔细查看
live through活过……；经过……之后仍然活着
see through看穿；识破
D考试训练
写出下列句中get through的含义。
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
__设法做完__ ②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.
__打通电话__ ③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.
__通过__ ④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.__用光__
⑤She found writing helped her get through the rough days.__渡过__
选用get短语填空。
⑥How can I__get__it__across__to you how important it is?
⑦Studying a foreign language is always hard at the beginning，but I'll__get over__it.
⑧It's high time that I__got/should get down to__reflecting on my mistakes.
核心句式通关
Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth
thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。
该句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，表示“条件与结果”的逻辑关系。
G归纳拓展
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句
(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句
(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句
W温馨提示
以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。
D考试训练
用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构改写下列句子。
①If you work hard, you will succeed in the examination.
__Work hard and you will succeed in the examination.__
②You will miss the first bus unless you hurry up.
__Hurry up or you will miss the first bus.__
③If we are given one more week, we'll accomplish the task.
__One more week, and we'll accomplish the task.__
单句语法填空。
④Give up smoking, __or__ you may die of lung cancer.
⑤A bit more effort, I think, __and__ you will settle the problem.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Give me a chance, __and__ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
2．I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network；I can't seem to get __through__.
3．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set __about__ preparing your business plan.
4．Read this story,__and__ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 5．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of the mountain, the visit to the village called __up__scenes of my childhood.
6．We have to be __practical__(practice)．There is no point in looking at a house we can't afford to buy.
7．What shocked the police and the people around most was that the kidnapper suddenly dived __into__ his pocket and took out a gun in a desperate attempt to escape with the kidnapped child. 8．I rang you several times yesterday, but it couldn't get __through__.
9．In order to lose weight, the young lady prefers to work __out__ regularly rather than take expensive weight－losing pills.
10．Until the start of the Industrial Revolution, mankind was poor, hungry, and constantly __at__ the mercy of disease and natural disasters.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．When we are away from home, we should __call up__(打电话) our parents from time to time. 2．He felt disappointed by failing to __apply for his patent__(申请专利)．
3．The elevator was not in good condition and __would be out of order now and then__(偶尔会出故障)．
4．In an abrupt accident, he had to __bear the responsibility__(承担责任) to take care of his retired grandfather.
5．As soon as he arrived at __the Patent office__(专利局), he __set out to work hard__(开始努力工作) and obtained his workmates' recognition.
6．很显然，只有学会抓住机遇，我们才能获得成功。
Apparently, __only__ when we learn to __seize the chance__，__can we__ achieve success. 7．直到发明了电话才让来自不同地方的人们彼此交流更方便。
__It was not until__ the invention of the telephone __that__ made people from different places communicate with each other more conveniently.
8．他是一个如此充满活力的人，每天都一心投入到工作中，从未感到消极。
__So__ dynamic a person was he __that__ he __dived into__ his work every day and never felt passive.
9．据证明，肺癌与吸烟有关。
__It is proved that__ lung cancer __is associated with__ cigarette smoking.
10．每次我感到沮丧的时候，我最好的朋友小李都会安慰我。
__Every time__ I felt cast down, my best friend Xiao Li would comfort me.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Seizing the chance, or you won't have one any more.
__Seizing→Seize__ 2．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear with.
__去掉with__ 3．The sound of seagulls called in his happy memories of his childhood.
__in→up__ 4．The first thing which he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.
__which→that或去掉which__ 5．When you come to school, please visit my office for your convenience.
__for→at__ 6．We tried in vain to reach you last night. Was your phone out of the order?
__去掉the__
Ⅳ.语篇填空
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.__on__ the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.__seemed__(seem) to have made their home there. When asked to help get rid of the snakes, the writer felt proud and considered 3.__it__ a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something 4.__merciful__(mercy) that would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 5.__researching__(research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught. 6.__However__， her first two plans were not successful. As 7.__a__ result, she had to attempt a third time, which helped her fulfill her aim 8.__successfully__(success). 9.__Pressed__(press) by her friends and relations, she decided to send her 10.__invention__(invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea. Ⅴ.单元语法与短文改错(侧重训练构词法) Dear Tom ，
How is everything with you? You have asked for my advices about how to celebrate Teachers' Day and I'll try to making some suggestions as follows.
In China, Teachers' Day celebrated on September 10th every year, which is a great day for us student to express our gratitude to our teachers. So firstly, I think the more suitable way for you is to send cards where you can write down what you want to thank to your teachers. Seeing the cards, your teachers will be very delighting. Secondly, it would be a good idea whether you can hold a party for your teachers. It is a magic way to deep friendship with your teachers. I hope you will find these ideas practically.
Yours ， LiHua
答案： Dear Tom ，
How is everything with you? You have asked for my advices advice about how to celebrate Teachers'
Day and I'll try to making make
some suggestions as follows.
In China, Teachers' Day ∧is celebrated on September 10th every year, which is a great day for us
student students to express our gratitude to our teachers. So firstly, I think the more most suitable way for you is to send cards where you can write down what you want to thank to your teachers. Seeing the cards, your teachers will be very delighting delighted . Secondly, it would be a good idea whether if you can
hold a party for your teachers. It is a magic way to deep deepen friendship with your teachers. I hope
you will find these ideas practically practical
.
Yours ，
LiHua Ⅵ.单元话题与书面表达
(一)根据提示结合本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词)
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have learned that your designing department is in need of an assistant. I would like you to consider me for the position.
①__I have set about designing__(我着手设计) things since I was young. In the past two years,
②__I have been diving into designing__(我一直潜心设计) and have won first prize in the designing competition. ③__What's more/In addition/Besides__，④__I can bear the hard training__ and ⑤__like to associate with others__(我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往).
⑥__Meanwhile__，I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares, which can help me finish my work well.
I think ⑦__I can fully live up to your expectations__(我完全达到您的期望). I would be grateful if you could consider employing me.
Yours，
Li Hua (二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学高级词汇升级加黑词语
finish→__get through__
2．按要求升级句式
用祈使句升级加波浪线的句子
__Consider employing me, and I will be grateful.__
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年
1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social
高中英语知识点总结 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到(在)国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。
高考英语知识串讲 第1讲 一、Language Points 1. share v. 分享、合用：share sth with sb n. 一份，股份 spare a. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tire v. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/ spare one of sandwiches for the boy spare no efforts：不遗余力 spare no expense：不惜工本 save v. 节省，救出 2. He felt lucky to have survived the war. 3. with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事争论 argue for/against sth：赞成/反对… Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事 4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to +宾+宾补(do/doing/done) get sb to do sth have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) 5. So+同一主语+助动词 So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语 So it is/was with+另一主语 6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done 7. except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause besides/in addition apart from but for=without 8. The first time+从句 For the first time：作时间状语 It’s the first time+that-clause(完成时) the first+名词+to do 9. most most of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the) mostly: 主要地（状） 10. be equal to sth：与…相等 be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)某事 equal sth：与…相等 equal sb in sth：在…方面与某人匹敌 11. compar e…to/with… compared to/wit h… 12. a great many several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.) (many) dozens of a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.) seveal/two dozen of +pron. 13. much too+adj/adv(原级) too much+n.(u.) too many+n.(pl.) 14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意) sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发) occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to d o…：某人突然想起…
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3 I). Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 11. He is regarded as Father of the American short stories.他是美国浪漫主义文学代表作家之一,美国短篇小说之父。 12. With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Irving won a measure of international fame on both sides of the Atlantic.1819年至1820年，欧文出版了《见闻札记》，该书为欧文获得了欧美两大洲的文学荣誉。 13. A History of New York---He parodies or imitates Homer.《纽约史》在多方面模仿了荷马。 14. Like the two famous personae he created, Diedrich Knickerbocker and Geoffrey Crayon, Irving remained a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past.他所创造的两个人物Diedrich Knickerbocker和Geoffrey Crayon和他一样，都停留在对过去的事情的津津乐道上。 15. We hear rather than read, for there is musicality in almost every line of his prose. We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.他的作品行文优美流畅，犹如音乐。他的作品寓教于乐，给人以轻松安逸之感，如入梦境。 16. He is worth the honor of being“the American Goldsmith”for his literary craftsmanship.在创作艺术方面他堪称是“美国的近匠”。 17. “rip van winkle”—Here, Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at on ce made unforgettable.“瑞普.凡.温克尔”---欧文在此表达了对一去不复返的东西十分依恋，笔触生动，令人难忘。 (II). Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 18. New England Transcendentalism, which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the history of American literature.在美国浪漫主义时期的文学中，新英格兰的超验主义是不可或缺的。 19. Emersonian Transcendentalism is actually a philosophical school which absorbed some ideological concerns of American Puritanism and European Romanticism, with its focus on the intuitive knowledge of human beings to grasp the absolute in the universe and the divinity of man.爱默生的超验主义实际上是在吸收美国清教思想，强调人类具有本能的掌握宇宙绝对真理和人的神性而形成的一个哲学流派。 20. In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the individual, and Nature.爱默生的文章提出了超灵哲学,个人及自然的重要性。 21. Emerson id a ffirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly.爱默生相信人的直觉知识。人类可以利用自己的直觉决定是非并采取相应得行动。 22. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.一个理想的个人应是自助自立的人。 23. “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.”“回到自然中去吧，沉浸在自然的影响中吧，你将重新获得精神的完整。” 24. In 1845, a great transcendentalist work Walden was born.1845年，写成了超验主义的伟大作品《沃尔登》。
高中英语知识点总结版集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
【2018高考】英语超重点学习营 课前资料 目录： 一、重点单词 二、重点词组 三、高级词汇 四、词组固定搭配 五、高级句型结构 六、过去完成时概念 七、阅读理解解题指导 一、重点单词 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。
Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to 表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion.
高考英语考点总结 1. To one’s+ 情感名词 Eg: To my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 令我吃惊的是，他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错. ( To one’s surprise 是固定搭配) 用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱 乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑 惑), regret (遗憾), relief (如释重负), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等? 2.beside/besides beside是一个介词，表示在...的旁边，相当于by：而besides是一个副词，也可作介词，表示除了...还有... Eg： Don’t stand beside me. 不要站我旁边 I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向.此外，我还乐于助人. besides和except的区别 都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同. except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的. besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的. 试比较： ①We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了.(他没有去) ②We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了.(他也去了) 3.See/ look/ watch See 看见了（强调看的结果） Did you see it？你看见了吗？
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit 12345One Friendship 一、重点短语 through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
英美文学欣赏知识点100句 1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. 首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。 2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。 3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。 4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。 5. Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism. 5.一般来说，文艺复兴是指智力运动在14和中17世纪之间的时期，它的本质是人文精神。 6. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.