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低泡防锈型水基金属清洗剂的研究与开发

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低泡防锈型水基金属清洗剂的研究与开发

李高峰,张惠文*

(中美合资诸暨神鹰康星化工有限公司,浙江 诸暨 311800)

摘要:开发了一种低泡、高效、防锈和环保的水基金属清洗剂,研究了不同表面活性剂在不同温度和不同油污含量的清洗液中的消泡状况,探讨了无水偏硅酸钠含量对清洗剂的洗净率的影响以及以聚三元羧酸酯H5768和羧酸胺为防锈剂对钢材和铝材的缓蚀作用,确定了清洗剂的最佳配方为:无水偏硅酸钠0.5% ~ 2.0%,H5768 2% ~ 4%,羧酸胺防锈剂2% ~ 5%,PAA 1% ~ 3%,DPNS 5% ~ 8%,TXO 4% ~ 6%,水余量。该清洗剂在40 °C 以上无泡,能有效抑制清洗中由于油污皂化引起的泡沫,工作液中清洗剂的用量为5%,清洗时间5 min ,工件的洗净率可达99%以上。该清洗剂对钢材和铝材均有很好的防锈性能,符合JB/T 4323.1–1999标准的要求,并在国内几家大型金属零件制造公司获得应用。

关键词:水基金属清洗剂;表面活性剂;防锈剂;钢;铝;缓蚀性;低泡;环保

中图分类号:TG174.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004 – 227X (2015) 09 – 0496 – 06

Study and development of low-foam and anti-rust water-based metal cleaner // LI Gao-feng, ZHANG Hui-wen* Abstract: A water-based metal cleaner characterized by low-foam, high-efficiency, anti-rust, and environmental friendliness was developed. The defoaming condition of the cleaner using different surfactants at various temperatures and being contaminated by different dosages of oil dirt was studied. The effect of dosage of anhydrous sodium metasilicate on the cleaning rate and the effect of polytricarboxylic acid ester H5768 and carboxylic acid amine as anti-rust agent on the corrosion inhibition for steel and aluminum materials were discussed. The optimized formulation of the cleaner were determined as follows: anhydrous sodium metasilicate 0.5%-2.0%, H5768 2%-4%, carboxylic acid amine antirust agent 2%-5%, PAA 1%-3%, DPNS 5%-8%, TXO 4%-6%, and water balance. The cleaner has no foam over 40 °C, which can effectively inhibit the foam formation caused by saponification of oil during cleaning. The cleaning efficiency of workpiece cleaned in the working solution with 5% cleaner for 5 min reaches 99%. The cleaner has excellent rust resistance for steel and aluminum materials, which fulfills the requirement of JB/T 4323.1–1999 standard and has been applied in some large-scale metal part manufacturers in China. Keywords: water-based metal cleaner; surfactant; anti-rust agent; steel; aluminum; corrosion inhibition; low foam; environmental friendliness

First-author’s address: ComStar GE Co. Ltd., Zhuji 311800, China

金属工件加工后,表面会携带污物,如各种切削液、导轨油、研磨液、灰尘、手汗等,若不清洗干净,不但影响加工工序的顺利进行,而且会引起并加速金属表面腐蚀,影响产品的加工质量和使用寿命。另外,在喷漆、涂釉、电镀等精加工前,以及机械设备的维修和保养中,都离不开清洗工序[1]。清洗工艺的选择和清洗效果的好坏,不仅涉及能源、安全及环保等重大问题,而且直接影响到产品的性能和质量,所以清洗工序已成了现代工业生产中不可缺少的重要环节。金属清洗剂一般分为水基型和溶剂型两种。水基金属清洗剂具有以水代油,节省能源,不危害操作者健康,污染少,环境友好,易燃烧(安全)和清洗成本低等一系列优越性[2],近十年来在我国得到迅速发展,但普遍存在洗净率、消泡性、防锈性及稳定性等技术性能指标不能满足工业生产需要的缺点。本研究开发了一种无磷、无亚硝酸盐,环境友好的低泡防锈型水基金属清洗剂,各项性能符合JB/T 4323.1–1999《水基金属清洗剂》及GB/T 12612–2005《多功能钢铁表面处理液通用技术条件》标准的要求,在喷淋和超声条件下,其去污、低泡、防锈等性能优于市售清洗剂,已在国内几家大型金属零件制造公司获成功应用。

收稿日期:2015–01–30 修回日期:2015–02–12

作者简介:李高峰(1980–),男,山西广灵人,硕士,工程师,从事表面活性剂的应用及工业清洗剂的研究与开发。

通信作者:张惠文,高级工程师,(E-mail) gaofengnuc@https://www.doczj.com/doc/d010208017.html, 。

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