11级拓展班自主学习阅读任务（三）
Weeks 12-15
Topic 3: Culture and Me
1. 阅读任务（Reading assignments）:
请同学们认真阅读老师提供的有关Topic3 的阅读材料（请见以下第3点）。这些材料主要来源于你们手上的书本，我们会以书本名称、第几册、第几unit等方式为大家提供自主学习阅读内容。为了增加大家的课外阅读量，使大家拥有可供讨论的更多素材和信息，我们为大家组织了一些与Topic 3主题相关的其它阅读材料。
请同学们采取独立与小组合作学习相结合的方式完成阅读任务。首先每位同学独立完成Topic 3的相关材料的阅读，然后与小组伙伴们一起在寝室、教室、图书馆阅览室等地，或者通过手机、网络等渠道根据以下Framework of KWLC for Reading Review表格里的内容讨论你的阅读理解和想法，在形成自己的观点后撰写一篇有关Topic 3的阅读评论。评论的字数要求在300英文词左右，内容可以根据Framework of KWLC for Reading Review中的几个与你的合作伙伴们讨论过的问题来写。
附：Framework of KWLC for Reading Review
2.阅读任务学习评价方式：
Topic 2 的阅读评论作业要求在Dec. 17, 2012前完成。
请同学们务必在该截止时间前把阅读评论作业通过“新理念外语网络教学平台”的“作业”栏目上传给你的任课老师。逾期提交作业，任课老师将不接收；不交作业，任课老师将从你的考勤10分总成绩中扣除一分成绩。
3. 阅读材料：
I．书本材料
1. 《全新版大学英语综合教程》（Book 3）Unit 5 Giving Thanks（Text A, Text B）
2. 《新世纪大学英语快速阅读》（Book 1）Unit 7 Christmas (P113-127)
3. 《新世纪大学英语快速阅读》（Book 2）Unit 3 Cuisine (P31-43)
4. 《新世纪大学英语快速阅读》（Book 2）Unit 5 Culture (P61-72)
5. 《新世纪大学英语快速阅读》（Book 3）Unit 1 Customs and Festivals (P1-12)
II．其它材料
Passage 1:
On the Differences between Chinese and Western Culture What is culture? Within the broadest sense, culture is humanized nature. Everything that is related to human beings' activity can be referred to as culture. Culture is a reflect of human's life, a record of human's activities, and a kind of historical sediment. It represents people's need and requirement, as well as ideal and desire towards life. It is human's behavior to make acquaintance of the nature and at the same time think about themselves. Besides, it symbolizes a framework supporting human's spirits.
A. Cultural Differences in Etiquette
1. Differences in Communicative Manners
Firstly, there is dissimilarity in meeting each other. The Chinese people usually introduce more intimate small talks, such as "Have you eaten?", "where are you going?", or "what are you doing?". While such greeting may be considered to be intrusive or embarrassed for the westerners since they may misunderstand it as a kind of "interrogation" about their private lives. In western countries, people meet each other only with a simple "hello", or more specifically, they will say "Good morning!", "Good afternoon!", or "Good evening!" But for some countries like UK, people prefer to talking about weather, and they usually begin with "It is a nice day today."
As for the title, in China, the real name is only available when people are intimate with each other. Whereas in western countries, it is more often used. The westerners will address "Sir" and "Madam" before an unknown stranger, "Miss" before a girl of ten or twenties, and "Ms" or "Mrs" before a married woman. When it comes to family members, first names or nicknames are all acceptable. People can call their Dad's or Mam's first name at home. They can also call all the male elders as "Uncle" and all the female elders as "Aunt".
However, it is not the same thing in China. We must be aware of the relations between the youngers and the elders, or we may be considered as impolite.
In addition, there are various farewell words in the Chinese and the Western languages. For example, when leaving a patient, we Chinese people usually say "Drink much water.", "Put on more clothes." or "Have a rest". While the westerners will never say like that, because it may be considered as "impolite behavior". Instead, they will choose words like "Take care." or "Get well soon."
2.Differences in Food and Drinking
There is an old saying in China "Food is the utmost necessity of people", from which we can sense the key position of food in Chinese people. Therefore, the Chinese people view eating as the most important thing.
The Chinese food focuses more on the integration of color, smell, taste, appearance and embodiment than nutrition. As long as it is tasty and inviting, the nutrition then is not that important. Whereas, the westerners hold a scientific view on food that focuses much on nutrition's collocation and absorption. They usually take nutrition as the most important thing no matter how the dish looks, smells, tastes. They are less keen on taste but more for survival and health.
As for the eating environment, the Chinese people like livelihood and excitement with many people crowded together drinking and eating, creating a warm environment. Except for formal banquet, there is no special eating manners in China. While in the western countries, people prefer pleasant and quite environment. They think keeping good manners at table is important. For example, they never make noisy sound when eating.
Furthermore, China and the Western countries also hold their own characteristics in entertaining etiquettes. In China, the left position has always been honored from ancient times. When entertaining guests, the host should arrange respectful guests on the left. While in western countries, the right position is honored. Men and woman will seat one after another, even couples will seat separately. Women guests will seat on men's right and gentlemen should pull out the chairs for ladies to show respect. In addition, the westerners usually sit up when having meals since they think it impolite to bend down, lower head, or move close to the dishes, which on the other hand is common in China. When having western food, the host usually does not persuade the guests to drink much. While in China, wine is indispensible to show respect, and most often, people drink bottle after bottle.
B. Differences in Education
Education is the foundation for building a country. Both China and the western countries view education as a key element for development, so that they exert full efforts to develop modern education and promote educational reform and innovation. Educational reform and innovation contains a series of aspects such as educational ideas, educational contents, and educational mode, among which educational ideas and mode top the most important elements.
Firstly, in respect of educational mode of each country, the aim of examination is to select talented people. To be more specifically, however, there are distinct differences which reflect
different educational ideas and modes among different countries. China, long effected by the imperial examination system over thousands of years, attached much importance to marks. Over sixty years since the foundation of China, or especially during thirty years of reform and opening up, China has exerted great efforts to develop modern education and made glorious achievements in the cause of education, cultivating vast talented people excellent in different fields for our economic construction and sound social progress. However, when compared with developed western countries, our modern education still remains a relatively backward state due to multiple complicated social factors and bondage of some traditional educational ideas.
Take America for example:
American elementary education focuses much on developing students' innovation and practical ability, which we have lagged far behind. Both the Chinese parents and schools are trapped into exam-oriented catalyst, neglecting development of students' subjective initiative, especially their interest in self-study and practice. The exam-oriented phenomenon tops among others.
Take International Olympiad of Math, Science and Chemistry for instance, our country attaches more importance than any other countries. When a candidate of a province pocketed the golden medal, the leaders of his or her school and education department and teachers organized a grand welcome ceremony. The whole ceremony was shot and played during the prime time at provincial television, boasting it in a big way. While by comparison, some junior schools in America do not take it much, and they even arrange no formal training at all. Because in their opinion, it is no more than a daily exam or a test on students' certain abilities and most of the candidates are out of interest in some subjects.
American citizens of Chinese origin Zhu Liwen and Yang Zhenning, two Nobel Price Laureates, talked about their extraordinary views on differences between Chinese and American educations from their own experiences and successes. Prof. Zhu Liwen said, "Schools in China emphasize too much on knowledge in books and examination, but obviously very little on innovation " Prof. Yang Zhenning pointed out that, "The Chinese overseas students usually have higher marks than American students, whereas less scientific achievements 10 years later. The reason is that the American students are active in mind and competitive in practice and innovation." Prof. Yang also concluded a common character in Chinese students through his own Chinese postgraduates, that is, they are proficient in exam, but do not know what to do in lab. Once he introduced a lively example in a speech in China to highlight the importance of practical ability. It
is about a test between a student from Shanghai and a student from other province to see who is more competitive in grasping the knowledge of Shanghai transportation, given that the student from Shanghai doesn't read the transportation map while the student from other province recites it firmly. If it were in exam, the student from other province must have had higher marks. However, if the two students were allowed in practical situation, the student from Shanghai must have been more swift and familiar with the road and arrived at the destination much earlier.
Prof. Yang listed a table to illustrate the educational differences between China and America at the University President Forum held in the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
In respect of specific educational practice, Chinese traditional education exists a phenomenon of "Four valued and four neglected" to some extent.
Firstly, it valued knowledge transmission but neglected ability cultivation. Secondly, it valued high marks but neglected personality development. Under such education system, there is no real "student-focused", "personality-focused", but only "marks-focused".
We can acquire a keen sense of significant gap between Chinese and foreign elementary education from different sides, especially in educational idea, concept of talent, and concept of value. After meditation, we have further concluded several keen and rational knowledge as follows:
Firstly, there is an obvious phenomenon of "two strongs and two weaks" in our elementary education. The "two strongs" refer to strong and solid basic knowledge transmission, as well as strong and effective exam-oriented ability of the students. The facts that the Chinese students repeatedly win the first place in International Olympiad of Math, Science and Chemistry can be regarded as the best proof. The "two weaks" refer to weak cultivation in manual and practical abilities, as well as backward development in innovation spirit and ability.
Secondly, our elementary education must aim at building a firm base for the cultivation of international-competitive and innovative talents.
Thirdly, just like a poem wrote, "I implore the God to pull himself together and bestow more talents." The way of "university entrance exam" system to select talents should be reviewed carefully. This bridge is so narrow that hardly contains all kinds of talents, especially those "strange talents" with distinct personality.
C. Cultural Differences in Religion
The cultural differences in religion are more distinct between Christianity and Chinese religion. Christianity, in its broad sense, refers to all the denominations that respect Jesus Christ as the Saviour, including the three main denominations of Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism, as well as other small denominations. Christianity derived from 1 A.D. in areas around Minor Asia and Palestine. It preaches Christ coming into the world to save people out of
sufferings. Its classics are "the Old Testament" and "the New Testament", both of which are referred to as "the Bible". "The Bible" possesses great social value in the western countries. It is not only a religious classic and heritage of human culture, but also a key for us to study the western culture.
As a traditional culture and main culture in western society, Christianity plays a leading and core role over the long-spanned development of western civilization. The characteristics of Christian culture reside in: Firstly, it is a religious belief in God; secondly, Christian culture has extensive sociality, representing a kind of social cultural spirit and ideological values. The core is the concept of transcendental truth and view of world redeem that draw from Jesus Christ's suffering and sacrifice on the cross. The Christian thought that Jesus had established an example of showing love, which is considered as a positive and active care for the common people; thirdly, the Christian culture embodies a popularized and idealized cultural attitude and aesthetic appeal; fourthly, on the basis of theory, Christian culture formed extensive social ethical standards and folk customs, thus developed unique social style, local customs, and festivals; fifthly, in the course of development, Christian culture has materialized into a stable social and political structure and its relevant social system, organization, and transmission channel.
Christianity firstly spread into our China in Tang Dynasty when feudal society reaching its full prime. According to "the Nestorianism spread in China in Qin Dynasty", in 635 A.D, Nestorianism, one denomination of Christianity, spread into Tang by land through Persian. the Nestorians, catering to the then sovereignty's hope to control people (especially minority groups) by religion, were accepted, and held high position lasting six emperors since Emperor Tai-zong to
De-zong.
Until Yuan Dynasty when integration was achieved, China, Middle-Asia, and Europe were free to transport on land, and Christianity revitalized again within our mainland. The then sovereignty of Yuan Dynasty named all the denominations of Christianity as "Religion of Cross". According to "the Travel notes of Marco Polo", Kublai Khan had ever said to Marco Polo," Some people believe in Jesus, some believe in Buddha, and others believe in Mohammed. But I have no idea who is the most powerful, so I pray all of them to protect me."
Take the Opium War as a division, during previous period of Ming and Qing Dynasty and all dynasties before, Christianity was spread in China all based on their catering to feudal sovereignty. But due to constraint of feudal China, the existence of Buddhism and Taoism, as well as local traditional religions, influence and activities of Christianity had long been limited. While after the Opium War, under the shield of European and American powers, it entered into China in a big way, plundering China's treasures.
By comparison, Chinese own religions seem not that popular. There must be lots of social and historical background. As for the foundation of Chinese religions, it can be derived from the early religious mode in ancient times, including worship for the nature, for soul, for reproduction, for totem, for ancestors, and for others like myth, sacrifice and wicca divination. Even during these periods, religions were yet to flourish. When entering into the primitive society, especially in the western Zhou Dynasty, the publicity of "I Ching" symbolized a prime of ancient religions. However, it was gradually on the wane since then.
Until the late years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a indigenous sect with complete religious system—Taoism—was finally formed. Taoism derived from ancient religion and folk witchcraft. It integrated Taoist theory in the Spring and Autumn Warring Period and Buddhist theory, optimized by all the previous Masters, and finally became an independent religious sect with its own theory system. It is true that Taoism is a combination of Chinese original religious culture and foreign religious cultures spread over the past Dynasties.
Taoism aims at forever living and ascending to immortality. There are shared characters between Taoism and other common religions, such as divine worship, theism, ritual activities, cult organizations, and classical creed. Meanwhile, as an indigenous religious sect of our own, Taoism possesses its unique meaning and style as follows:
a. In respect of genetics of Taoism, it is neither a typical primary nor an inaccordance religion, but a combination of these two;
b. In respect of religious creed, Taoism focuses more on real life than any other religions;
c. In respect of relations with other religions, Taoism less rejects other religions;
d. In respect of religious culture, it is rarely seen in other religions that Taoism has limited number of real Taoists but receives unlimited influenc
e.
Comparing Taoism with Christianity, we can discover that Christianity focuses on human's requirement. It believes that human rights are endowed by God and all human beings are equal. Every human being is son of God. While it is not the same in Taoism. Due to bondage and impact
of Chinese feudal ideas, Taoism formed a strict hierarchical system. It advocates tolerance and govern by doing nothing that is against nature. At any rate, both Taoist culture and Christ culture maintain the key fountains of local literature works within each influential areas. It is also the reason why current western theology and Chinese belief in immortality are different.
Passage 2
Coexistence of Globalization and Cultural Diversity
(China's Ethnic Groups)
Updated: 2009-08-12 15:56
Interview with IDE Keiji, Minister in Embassy of Japan
Yang: Nowadays, globalization has become one of the hottest topics. Under the trend of globalizing, many fixed cultures have been greatly influenced. And the cultural diversity has been threatened by this trend. What is your opinion on such a phenomenon?
IDE: I think globalization is very positive to cultural development, so I welcome it. In Japan, culture has been greatly influenced by the trend of globalizing. I know there are discussions about the benefits and threats brought by globalization. But, as a whole, Japanese people welcome globalization. Globalization does not mean that cultural diversity will be threatened. Coexistence is most important. I believe globalization and cultural diversity can coexist harmoniously.
Yang: As we know, during the course of cultural development, Japan has absorbed cultural fruits from China, for example, Chinese characters and traditional Chinese medicine. Meanwhile, Japan has made use of scientific results from western developed countries. We believe, in terms of assimilating excellent cultural achievements, Japan has been successful and can be a model for many countries. So what do you think is the most important experience in this aspect?
IDE: Japanese people are practical people. They don't have any problem when they import foreign cultures. And we have a long tradition of absorbing foreign cultures. We imported Chinese culture more than centuries ago. And we also enjoy cultural results from Russia, Europe, America, The Middle-east and African countries. Generally speaking, we enjoy cultures from different countries. I think we are very lucky. There is no obstacle for us to absorb foreign culture.
Yang: So today, how does Japan deal with the relationship between globalization and national culture traditions?
IDE: In the last two centuries, there have been two big changes for Japan. One is the critical period of "Meiji" Restoration, taking place in 1868. Before 1868, Samurai people governed the whole Japan. In the latter half of 19th century, Japan was under pressure from American and European countries. So Japan reformed itself. This came as a big change for Japanese society and culture. We changed a lot indeed, for example, people's hair styles changed a lot. Before "Meiji" restoration, Samurai people put their hair together. But after 1868, people's hair styles changed to the European styles. And, the second event is World War II, after the war, Japan's society and culture also changed.
After these two big events, we lost some parts of Japanese traditional culture, and our society also changed a lot. Of course, we need to preserve old temples and some historical documents. But it is up to the people. If they hope to preserve traditional culture, then they will surely do that.
Yang: And would you like to give us some advice for our future work?
IDE: I think now China faces a very important period of time, moving from social economy to market economy. This will influence culture and society. In case of Russia and some European countries, when they moved from a social economy to a market economy, the culture was also affected. Taking Russia for example, the Soviet government subsided cultural theatres so they can preserve Soviet opera, ballet. But in a market economy, the subsidy would be cut. People in the cultural theatre would be on their own. No more money from government. I think these problems might happen in China, too. So, now, cultural heritage should be preserved by people themselves. People should think of how to preserve the cultural heritages and traditions economically under the new situation. They need to find new sponsors to set new programs. I hope Chinese people will be successful.
Yang: Thank you. Our magazine, China's Ethnic Groups, tries to explore and explain the diverse cultures among 56 ethnic groups in China. From Japanese reader's aspect, what kind of contents do they expect to read?
IDE: Most readers do not know much about China's ethnic minorities. We are very interested in the culture and tradition of China's ethnic groups. Culture is connected with people's life. How these people lead a life, how they develop their culture, what their cultural heritage is, what their present life is like...
I hope to understand culture of ethnic minorities as a whole. They have dances, songs, but I hope to see their life as a whole. We should not cut only a part from their life. Yes, they can show their dances and their songs, but we also hope to know their history, their religion, their philosophy, their economy and their daily life. These different aspects should not be cut down. So we can understand them more deeply.
Questions to think
1. What differences exist in Chinese culture and western culture?
2. As the speed of aircrafts makes the distance between different parts of the world seem shorter and shorter, and the Internet spreads information faster and wider, there is increasing globalization of the world. In face of the quick pace of globalization, many people feel very nervous and very much worried because globalization seems to make the world increasingly homogeneous and cultural diversity seem to be fading at a frightening rate. What’s your attitude towards globalization? Do you think globalization will vanish cultural diversity?
3. What are the impacts of western culture on today’s Chinese young people?
高一任务型阅读训练 一 For centuries people dreamed of going into space．This dream began to seem possible when high-flying rockets were built in the early 1900s. In 1903 a Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky figured out how to use rockets for space travel．His plan was the first one in rocket science to use correct scientific calculation．About 30 years later, a U.S．scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes．During World War II, German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives．After the war, scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help those countries build space rockets. These two countries were soon racing to get to space first．Each of these countries wanted to prove that it was stronger and more advanced than the other one．Both countries also had powerful bombs．People in the United States were worried when the Soviets were first to launch a space satellite, which was called Sputnik．The Soviets were also first to send a person into space．Yury Gagarin orbited the earth in the V ostok I spaceship in 1961. The US government set a goal for its space program to be the first country to put a person on the Moon．The U.S．space program built a series of Apollo spaceship．These vehicles were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets．In 1969 Apollo II took three men to the moon successfully．Nell Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. The Soviets may have lost the race to fly people to the Moon, but they built the first space station in 1971．The United States also built a space station．The space stations allowed people to live and work in space．Then the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated to hook two spaceships together in space．This action ended the "space race"．Today a much larger space station, built by several countries together, orbits Earth. Another new way to go to space is by space shuttle．A space shuttle, first made in the United States in 1981, looks like an airplane．Astronauts who fly spaceships have used shuttles to help put
. 英语任务型阅读专项训练 任务型阅读解题策略: 1．略读。理解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。因此，要快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即Topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。 2．扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考察要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读，其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。一般题目的结构是：①全文的标题在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。②各段大意试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。③对各段大意的详细的阐述从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。 3．精读。深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。 4. 复查。通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。 ★归纳概括的注意事项有：（1）大小写（2）单复数（3）搭配 掌握常见的归纳概括词语: （1）赞成和反对的理由pros and cons （2) 优劣 advantages,disadvantages (3) 异同 similarities, differences (4) 建议 suggestions, tips, advice (5) 态度、观点 attitudes to/towards, opinion of (6) 简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction, phenomenon(phenomena), problem(s) (一) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每空不超过1个单词。 Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days! The fast day would be a busy one. I should call to me all my dear friends and look long into their faces, imprinting(刻上) upon my mind the outward evidences of the beauty that is within them, I should let my eyes rest, too, on the face of a baby, so that I could Catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty which precedes the individual's consciousness of the conflicts which life develops. And I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs--the serious, clever little Scottie, Darkie, and the strong, understanding Great Dane, Helga, whose warm, tender, and playful friendships are so comforting to me. On that busy first day I should also view the small simple things of my home. I want to see the warm colors in the carpets under my feet, the pictures on the walls, the lovely small furniture that transforms a house into home. My eyes would rest respectfully on the books in dot-raised type which I have read, but they would be more eagerly interested in the printed books which seeing people can read, for during the long night of my life the books I have read and those which have been read to me have built themselves into a great shining lighthouse, showing me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit. In the afternoon of that first seeing day, I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate (使陶醉) my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature trying desperately to absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance which is presenting itself to those who can see. On the way home from my woodland trip, my path would lie close to a farm so that I might see the patient horses ploughing in the field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil. And I should pray for the glory of a colorful sunset. When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature brings darkness. In the night of that first day of sight, I should not be able to sleep, so full would be my mind of the memories of the day!
课内阅读、课外拓展，提升小学生语文素养 发表时间：2017-09-26T16:41:13.340Z 来源：《教育学》2017年8月总第124期作者：滕雪梅 [导读] 有效地进行课外阅读是课堂阅读的继续与扩展，是阅读能力训练必不可少的组成部分。 山东省青岛包头路小学266000 随着新课程改革的不断深入，人们越来越觉得只注重一本教科书是封闭的教学，有效地进行课外阅读是课堂阅读的继续与扩展，是阅读能力训练必不可少的组成部分。青岛市市北区从前几年就提出“提升阅读素养”的口号，要求各个学校都要扎实地开展读书活动，体现“为了学生的发展”的宗旨。我校语文教研组对“经典诵读与核心素养”做过有益尝试。在客观、全面了解学生阅读现状的基础上，力求找到有效融合课内外阅读的链接点，把课内阅读获得的方法及时迁移、运用到课外阅读中去，探索出些许行之有效的使课内外阅读有效融合、互相促进的方法和策略，并不断完善它，以帮助学生养成喜欢阅读的好习惯。 一、文本与超文本的阅读相结合 植根课堂，把课外阅读由课内扩展开去。改革阅读教学，是加强课外阅读的前提。开设阅读欣赏课，利用课外阅读教材，运用电化教学、网络教学的手段，提高理解感悟词语、句子、文章内容和结构的能力，引导学生仔细推敲传神字眼，品味优美的语句，感受句中之情，言中之意，从而加深对语言美的体验。 1.根据文体，选读同类型文章。当我们教学某种文体的课文时，可以引导学生选读同类体裁的读物，运用课内学到的阅读方法进行课外阅读实践，以达到课内得法、课外受益的效果。 2.根据作者，阅读系列作品。我们在课内教学了某一作者的文章后，可利用课外时间阅读该作者的其他作品。这样既可以激发学生的阅读兴趣，增加阅读量，又可以加深对这位作者作品内容的理解和对他写作风格的把握。 3.根据课文内容，阅读相关的文章 （1）根据课文内容到课外查找相关的时代背景、作者生平、人物故事等资料。（2）课文是节选一些名著的，到课外查找并阅读原著。（3）根据课文内容寻找相同选材的文章阅读。（4）以同一主题为结合点：根据小学语文教材中的课文特点，选择相同主题的书籍或文章向学生推荐阅读。（5）以同一写法为结合点：针对一些浅显的、写作特点明显的课文，我们教师在课内结合课文实例向学生介绍写作特点，然后适时地向学生推荐与此有相同写法的文章。（6）以同一体裁为结合点：小学语文教材有童话、寓言、小说、诗歌、散文等各种体裁，在指导阅读时，我们教师从拓展阅读的教材中，找出与课文体裁相同的文章向学生推荐。 二、“三位一体”开展课外阅读活动 1.将课外阅读与思想品德教育相结合。我们结合具体的时事活动，借助于读书这一形式，对学生进行思想品德教育。比如我们通过 “国旗，国旗，我爱你”、“我是中华的小主人”、“寻找伟人的足迹”等一系列活动来教育学生要热爱自己的祖国，热爱自己的学校，要了解祖国的过去，了解今天的国情，增进他们的民族自豪感和社会责任感。还开展了一系列诚信、感恩、礼仪等专项读书活动，使学生的思想道德修养得以提高，人格得以完善。 2.将课外阅读与课内教学相结合。在活动中，我们注意充分发挥课堂教学主渠道的作用，要求教师结合课文教学，进行有意识的训练，注意培养学生的认读能力、词义掌握的能力、内容理解的能力以及快速阅读的能力等，让学生掌握阅读的方法，并且注意学生阅读的兴趣，最终形成良好的自觉的阅读习惯。 3.将课外阅读与课外活动相结合。活动是实施教育的载体，课外活动是强化教育的有效手段之一。我们开展了看看、读读、听听、写写、说说、演演等一系列课外阅读小组活动。我们学校的校园读书节上，各年级的活动精彩纷呈，如一、二年级开展讲故事比赛，小孩子展现出了良好的语言表达能力；三、四年级进行赛诗会、朗诵会、课本剧高潮迭起；五六年级的演讲赛、读书报告会、课本剧表演也是开展得如火如荼。其次，我们还根据主题阅读活动进行成果展示，手抄报评比、读书心得展出、读书笔记评比展览等阅读交流活动的有效开展，把全校的阅读氛围进一步推向高潮，吸引了更多同学投身阅读活动。我们根据学生制订的读书计划，专门设计了一份“阅读记录卡”，里面说明填写的内容：时间、书名、作者、优美词句摘录、主要内容、收获与感想等。 4.将课外阅读与培养学生能力相结合。我们一方面使学生接受祖国的历史文化遗产，形成良好的思想道德品质；另一方面使学生在具体的活动中提高自己的各方面能力。比如我们举办 “我是小小主持人”的活动，由师生共同组织知识竞赛、体育文娱活动或远足活动。在知识竞赛活动中，从选题、出竞赛题到比赛、发奖都由学生自己组织，以提高学生的组织和协作交往能力；我们还让高年级学生自己跑书店，找资料、搞剪贴、编提纲、作讲演，培养学生独立工作和自主自理的能力。开展阅读活动以来，学生的阅读水平、写作水平不断提高。我校各班中有多位学生的习作《当代小学生》、《两岸作文大赛》获奖并发表。 5.将课外阅读与家庭教育相结合。为了能让学生在家庭中继续进行阅读活动，取得家长的合作与配合。家庭对学生的影响是巨大的。因此，我们竭力向家长推荐小学生课外读物，积极倡导家长与孩子一起买书，一起看课外书，要求孩子在节假日多看名家经典，并写相应的读书笔记或读后感。通过“家长会”的形式交流孩子读书的方法与看法，鼓励家庭建立“亲子小书房”，让家长督促孩子养成良好的阅读习惯，形成良好的家庭读书气氛。 语文学科的社会性和实践性决定了语文教学应当由课内向课外延伸，把课内教学和课外拓展融成一个整体。以课堂为核心进行适宜的拓展阅读，不但能拓展学生知识视野，发展语文能力，提高学生的语文修养，而且会让课堂教学充满无限生机与活力。
2016高考英语任务型阅读答题技巧 任务型阅读是高考英语试题中第二卷中的一种题型，分值为10分。本题型在测试考生阅读理解能力的基础上，侧重考查考生的单词拼写、词性转换、句式转换、段落归纳等综合能力。高考任务型阅读近三年文章体裁以议论文和说明文为主，词数在400~550之间。高考成绩的统计数据表明在这一项上，考生普遍失分较多。高考英语任务型阅读是英语阅读理解和完形填空的结合体，在掌握篇章表层含义的基础之上，还要求对文章结构框架的把握。考生不但要具备基本的英语词汇知识，而且要能够依据上下文的内容，运用逻辑判断，正确填出任务型阅读中的空白处。因而，任务型阅读对考生的英语阅读和对英语学科的感悟能力要求较高。也就是说，任务型阅读不仅检查考生的词、句、篇的掌握，而且涉及考生综合运用英语语法的能力。所以说，这种题型是比较全面的考查。学生在平时的学习过程中，要关注词汇的使用，领悟篇章的内部结构，同时还要注意词的搭配和语用知识。 一、任务型阅读题型的考查角度 1、单词的大小写（信息筛选题） 考生往往从文中便可直接找到答案，无需进行词性和词形的转化。但是如果没有根据英文首字母要大写的要求，或在特殊的上下文中。忽略字母的大小写，便无法得到本应该拿到的分数。 2、词性的变化（整合转换题） 要依据特定的语境结合文中涉及的词语，灵活地转变词性。比如：动词转变为形容词，形容词转变为名词，等等。 3、词形的转化（整合转换题） 主要依据任务型阅读提供的特殊框架，来敲定词语的各种形式。例如：文中过去式需要在题目中使用现在时，同时还要注意人称和数的变化。 4、近义词与反义词的转化（整合转换题） 根据任务型阅读题型中提供的已有信息，尽管文中也能发现相关的词语，却没能依据特定的语境进行必要的词语的转换，比如将肯定的语气转化为否定的形式等。 5、实现词句的转换（整合转换题） 尽管文章无法一下子找到任务型阅读题型中出现的答案，但是依据文章的上下文以及文中句子的解释，则可以联系掌握的英语基础知识，得出相应的答案。 6、综合概括文章框架的词语使用（综合概括题） 注意文章的整体布局，理清句与句之间，段与段之间的内在逻辑关系，反复阅读文章，认真思考，然后找出能代表篇章结构的词汇。这类题目要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。 7、书写工整无误 最后，卷面是否清洁也会影响到考生最终的得分。答案书写要工整清晰，避免由于字迹潦草或拼写错误导致失分。完成题目后，一定要仔细的将答案带入题中，结合文中提供的信息，认真核对，反复思考，确保绝不因为自己的粗心大意而失分。 二、任务型阅读题型的解题思路 1、先认真读题，通过题目来了解文章的大致框架。做到在阅读文章前，心中有数，不会因为文章的长度或文中出现的生词影响到自己对文章结构的整体把握。 2、利用快速阅读策略做出判断。自己理解的文章主旨是否与题目中的要求一致。在这一过程中，可以尽可能填出与文章大意相关的词汇。
三年级二班语文拓展阅读练习 姓名： 1 下课了，操场上可热闹了。瞧，同学们有的在跳皮筋，有的在捉迷藏，有的在滑滑梯，有的在玩荡秋千，有的在林荫道上散步，有的三三两两在谈天说地。同学们玩的真开心。 （1）这段话共有句。在总起句的下面画“~~~~”，在总结句的下面画“”。 （2）这段话的主要意思是（） A.课间十分钟操场上很活跃。 B.课间十分钟同学们在操场上开展各种各样的活动。 C.课间十分钟同学们在操场上玩的很开心。 2 春风轻轻地吹进了我们的校园。操场上，国旗在旗杆顶端微微地飘动着。草地上，草儿发芽了，绿绿的、嫩嫩的。教室旁，柳树舒枝展叶，迎着春风摆动着柔软的枝条。花圃里，桃花开满枝头，梨花竞相开放，扑扇着翅膀的小蜜蜂嗡嗡地忙着在花丛中采蜜，成双成对的蝴蝶翩翩起舞。春天到了，我们的校园真美啊！ （1）我会照样子从文中找出词语。 白白的 慢慢地 （2）我会在括号里填上合适的词。 （）的国旗（）的教室 （）的柳树（）的桃花 （）的梨花（）的翅膀 （3）我知道文中写了、、、和这几处的校园景色。 （4）我知道哪句话概括了这段话的意思：
3.山城的夜景真美呀！ 我登上枇杷山最高点——红星亭。放眼四望，星和灯像是出来比美似的，远山的灯，一盏盏，一片片地亮了起来，就像五彩缤纷的花朵，开满了整座山。抬头望天空，繁星点点；低头看山城，灯海片片。天上的星和地上的灯融成一片，使人分辨不出哪是星哪是灯了。 我站在亭子里，看到了夜色中如同银河一样的嘉陵江。此时它仿佛变得异常沉静，岸边那各种颜色的灯就像一串串珍珠装饰着水晶宫的大门，美丽极了。 （1）这篇短文共有个自然段。 （2）短文是围绕着哪一句话来写的？ （3）第2自然段有句话，主要写了山城夜色中的。 （4）“我站在亭子里，看到了夜色中如同银河的嘉陵江。”句中的“我”指。这句话将比作。 （5）请你试着用“五彩缤纷”写一句话吧。 。 4． 葫芦池一年四季景色秀美。 春天，池边翠绿色的柳条在春风中摇曳，红艳艳的桃花给葫芦池镀上了一层瑰丽的色彩。 夏天，池里铺满荷叶，一阵风吹过，像翻动着一层绿色的波浪，含苞欲放的荷花清香四溢。 秋天，阳光像轻柔的罩纱铺满大地，池边菊花盛开，千姿百态，美不胜收。 冬天，当气温降到零度以后，葫芦池结冰了，孩子们用砖敲着冰，池边不时传来他们的欢声笑语。 （1）为短文加上一个合适的题目，写在文前的横线上。 （2）在括号里填上合适的词语。 （）的柳条（）的桃花 （）的荷花（）的菊花。 （3）短文是围绕哪句话来写的？
江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇 一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读 (2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die — even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate. Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections. To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness. The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't. The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% —until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death. The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help. Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous (严密的) and well-controlled. But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate. Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too. Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors.
阅读链接： 水滴石穿 从前，在大海边的一座岩洞里，生活着无数坚固无比的岩石，岩石表面又生活了许许多多的小水滴。 一天，悬在上方的小水滴对着在最底层的那块岩石说：“你说吧，假如我每天都不断往你身上滴水，会不会把你的身体滴穿呢？”岩石冷笑了一声：“哼，就凭你，就凭你这个微小的小水珠就想把我滴穿？你想得美！”说着岩石向小水滴抛了个白眼，这一言一语，一举一动把小水滴惹气了，小水滴十分生气，它说：“哼！你等着瞧！我一定会把你滴穿的！这个世上没什么事是不可能的！” 于是，小水滴把所有朋友都招集起来，决定要把岩石滴穿！ 日复一日，年复一年，小水滴努力着，坚持着，不到成功的那一天始终不肯放弃。 终于，在一天早晨，当岩石醒来后惊奇地发现自己身上 。 会思考：★★★ 你从故事中，读懂了什么道理？请你补充课文内容。 自主选做＊：★★★★★ 如果你喜欢寓言，请你也来试试编一个寓言小故事。 阅读链接： 水滴石穿
从前，在大海边的一座岩洞里，生活着无数坚固无比的岩石，岩石表面又生活了许许多多的小水滴。 一天，悬在上方的小水滴对着在最底层的那块岩石说：“你说吧，假如我每天都不断往你身上滴水，会不会把你的身体滴穿呢？”岩石冷笑了一声：“哼，就凭你，就凭你这个微小的小水珠就想把我滴穿？你想得美！”说着岩石向小水滴抛了个白眼，这一言一语，一举一动把小水滴惹气了，小水滴十分生气，它说：“哼！你等着瞧！我一定会把你滴穿的！这个世上没什么事是不可能的！” 于是，小水滴把所有朋友都招集起来，决定要把岩石滴穿！ 日复一日，年复一年，小水滴努力着，坚持着，不到成功的那一天始终不肯放弃。 终于，在一天早晨，当岩石醒来后惊奇地发现自己身上 。 会思考：★★★ 你从故事中，读懂了什么道理？请你补充课文内容。 自主选做＊：★★★★★ 如果你喜欢寓言，请你也来试试编一个寓言小故事。
全市高三英语 第6讲高考文学作品阅读及任务型阅读经典题分析、策略 指导与训练 （一）文学作品阅读 一、题型分析 “文学与艺术”是高中新课标24话题之一。该话题主要包括各种文学类型、艺术形式、文化名人以及艺术家等方面。高考英语阅读理解常涉及文学与艺术话题，旨在要求考生在日常生活中多关注当代文学与艺术的发展动向，多涉足文学与艺术领域，亲自去感受文学与艺术的魅力，开阔视野，提升文学素养。本课我们将主要探讨如何做好文学作品的阅读。 1.高考英语阅读理解中文学作品的常见形式： 1）文学作品原文或选段，如2019年江苏高考试题阅读理解D篇。 2）与经典文学作品相关的介绍、评论、反思等文章，如2012年江苏高考试题阅读理解D 篇。 2.高考英语阅读理解中文学作品的命题特点： 1）文章普遍较长，字数多在600字以上。 2）文章多以记叙文为主，在阅读时需关注文学作品的常见六大要素（setting,characters,plot,feeling,symbolism,theme） 3. 真题链接 【2019年江苏高考试题阅读理解D篇】 The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found s uffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory. A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family. Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father. Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help. “Why do this?” Steve wondered. “Because she cares.” Melissa said. Steve nodded, tears in eye. Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys. Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger. “It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.” Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
英语任务型阅读专项训练 任务型阅读解题策略: 1．略读。理解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。因此，要快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即Topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。 2．扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考察要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读，其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。一般题目的结构是：①全文的标题在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。②各段大意试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。③对各段大意的详细的阐述从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。 3．精读。深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。 4. 复查。通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。 ★归纳概括的注意事项有：（1）大小写（2）单复数（3）搭配 掌握常见的归纳概括词语: （1）赞成和反对的理由pros and cons （2) 优劣 advantages,disadvantages (3) 异同 similarities, differences (4) 建议 suggestions, tips, advice (5) 态度、观点 attitudes to/towards, opinion of (6) 简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction, phenomenon(phenomena), problem(s) (一) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每空不超过1个单词。 Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days! The fast day would be a busy one. I should call to me all my dear friends and look long into their faces, imprinting(刻上) upon my mind the outward evidences of the beauty that is within them, I should let my eyes rest, too, on the face of a baby, so that I could Catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty which precedes the individual's consciousness of the conflicts which life develops. And I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs--the serious, clever little Scottie, Darkie, and the strong, understanding Great Dane, Helga, whose warm, tender, and playful friendships are so comforting to me. On that busy first day I should also view the small simple things of my home. I want to see the warm colors in the carpets under my feet, the pictures on the walls, the lovely small furniture that transforms a house into home. My eyes would rest respectfully on the books in dot-raised type which I have read, but they would be more eagerly interested in the printed books which seeing people can read, for during the long night of my life the books I have read and those which have been read to me have built themselves into a great shining lighthouse, showing me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit. In the afternoon of that first seeing day, I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate (使陶醉) my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature trying desperately to absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance which is presenting itself to those who can see. On the way home from my woodland trip, my path would lie close to a farm so that I might see the patient horses ploughing in the field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil. And I should pray for the glory of a colorful sunset. When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature brings darkness. In the night of that first day of sight, I should not be able to sleep, so full would be my mind of the memories of the day!