1. reach
arrive in / at → be in / at
come to
2. come out →be out
go
3. come —be here
4. leave —be away / from
5. join —be a member of / be in the
6. die —be dead
7. catch a cold —have a cold
8. begin / start =be on
9. put on —wear
10. buy —have
11. borrow —keep
12. become —be
13. fall asleep —be asleep
14. fall ill be ill\ sick
sick
15. open —be open
16. lose —be lost
17. get to know—begin to know
18. go to sleep/get to sleep=sleep
19. get up —be up
20. close —be closed
21. finish / end —be over
22. move —be out of
23. break —be broken
24. marry —be married
25. go —be away
26. wake —be awake
27. get to know --- know,
28.wear→put on
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如
begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能
与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear
leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years
动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。
1．终止性动词的用法
1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
The plane has arrived飞机到了。
I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。
2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
①他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years．
②他来这儿三个月了。误：he has come here for three months．
①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years ／months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：
A．用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如：
①He has been dead for three years．
②He has been here for three months．
将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有如下几种：
a．用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buy→have，borrow→ keep，come ／go ／become→be，catch ／get a cold→have a cold，get to know→know等。
b．be＋名词：join the Party ／League→be a Party ／League member，go to school→be a student，join the army→be a soldier等。
c．be＋形容词／副词：die→be dead，leave→be away（from），put on→be on，finish ／end→be over，begin ／start→be on，come→be her e ／ in，fall asleep→be asleep，go out→be out等。
d．be＋介词短语：go to school→be in ／at school，join the army→ be in the army等。
e．去掉短语中的短暂性动词：get to know→know，come to work→work，begin to study→study等。
B．把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时。如：
①He died three years ag o．
②He came here three months ago．
C．用“It is ／has been ＋一段时间＋since（一般过去时）”结构。如：
①It is ／has been three years since he died．
②It is ／has been three months since he came here．
D．用“多长时间＋has passed ＋since（一般过去时）”结构。如：
①Three years has passed since he died．
②Th ree months has passed since he came here．
3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
I haven't heard from him for two weeks．我已两个星期没收到他的信了。
He hasn't left here since 1990．自从1990年以来，他一直没有离开过这儿。
4）终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成“not．．．until”结构，意为“直到……才……”，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如：
We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops．直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。
—When did you go to bed last night？昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的？
—I didn't go to bed until my father got home．直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。
5）在while（表示“一段时间”）引导的从句中，不能用终止性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示“时间的点”，也可表示“一段时间”。如：
误：While I got to the village，it was dark．
正：When I got to the village，it was dark．
6）终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如：
误：How long have you borrow the book？
可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。
正：How long have you kept the book？
正：When did you borrow the book？
2．延续性动词的用法
1）延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如：
I have waited for him for nearly two hours．我等他快两个小时了。
2）终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样，延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如：
误：It rained at eight yesterday morning．
rain为延续性动词，而at eight是表示时间点的状语，显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为，可以借助come，get， begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为：
It began to rain at eight yesterday morning．
3）在until引导的时间状语从句中，若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式，但句子含义不同。试比较：
She listened to the radio until her father came back．她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。
She didn't listen to the radio until her father came back．直到她父亲回来才听收音机。
瞬间动词转换成持续性动词 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与一段时间状语连用，须转换成持续性动词。 1.用相应的延续性动词替换的有： buy---have borrow---keep put on----wear catch/get a cold---have a cold come/go/become---be 等。 eg. 1.We have had the TV set for 3years. 2.I have kept the book for 2 weeks. 2.转换成be+名词的有： join the army----be a soldier join the Party----be a Party member go to school----be a student 等。 eg. 1.He has been a soldier for 5 years. 2She has been a student for 2 months. 3.转换成be+adj/adv. die—be dead finish—be over begin---be on leave---be away move----be out of
put on---be on open---be open close---be closed fall asleep------be asleep 等。 eg. He has been dead for 5 years. 4. 转换成be+介词短语 go to school----be in school join the army---be in the army 等。 eg. 1.She has been in the army for 2 years. 2.He has been in school for 9 years. 5.通过去掉短语中的结束性动词 get to know---know begin to study---study come to work----work eg. 1.We have known each other for 10 years. 2.He has study Chinese for 2 years. *瞬间动词完成时的否定式已成为一种可延性状态，因此可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 eg. 1.I haven’t heard from her for 6 months. 2.I haven’t bought anything for 2 months.
动词概述 一、实义动词 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，____不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语： ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear；catch a cold →have a cold 等。例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一．延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:stuｄy, ｌearn，work, ｓｔanｄ,ｌie,ｋｎｏw, ｗalk, keep, ｈave,waiｔ, ｗａtch, sing，ｒeaｄ, sleep，li ｖe,ｓtaｙ等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for，ｈoｗ，lｏng，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.foｒ+一段时间, eｇ: fｏｒ2 yeａｒs; fｏr a lonｇｔiｍｅ等 ２.since从句，siｎｃｅhe came ｈeｒe; ３.sincｅ＋时间点名词+agｏ, eｇ：since ｌast yeaｒ, ｓinｃe 5dａyｓago; 4.ｈoｗloｎg; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如：oｐeｎ,diｅ,clｏsｅ, beｇin，ｆinish,ｃoｍe, go, ｍove, boｒroｗ, lend, ｂｕy, move, happen,mａrry,ａrrive/rｅa ｃｈ, ｐost，fａlｌ, breaｋ, ｌｏsｅ,ｇｉve, jｏin, rｅｃeｉve,hear，he
间的的状语连用。 这类动词不是不能用于完成时态。只是不能用于由ｈow loｎg提问的句子和含有ｆoｒ＋一段时间的完成时态中。 常见的这类动词有：ｇo, cｏme，leave,aｒrive,lｏsｅ, lａnd, ｃatch，j ｏin, kilｌ，fiｎd等。 例如：1. Hｅhａｓjoinｅd tｈe ｃluｂforａlong time．( 错) 2.Hｅｈaｓbeenａmｅmbeｒof thｅclub ｆoｒa ｌong tiｍｅ.(对) 3．His gｒａｎdｆａther ｈａs died for ovｅr30 yeａrｓ. ( 错) 4. Hｉsｇｒａnｄfather hａs been dead for over 30 ｙearｓ. (对) 【注意】 之所以将这些动词称为瞬间动词,是因为这些动词在眨眼之间发生并终结。故不能与表达“段”的长时间状语连用，不论是在进行时还是现在完成时中。 下面的例句是正确的： 1. He iｓdｙinｇ.
中考英语延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束 不能与时间段连用。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, e, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与时间段连用，就把它转为延续性动词使用。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 但否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open---be open, close--- be closed fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, e here --- be here, go there --- be there, be e --- be, e back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear get married ---- be married 等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习： 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have be e 5.You mustn't ________ until he es back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has e to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
一．延续性动词和非延续性动词： ㈠延续性动词：表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。 drink喝have有talk说know 知道stand站立sleep睡觉sing唱歌wait等wear穿walk走work工作rain下雨keep保持snow 下雪eat 吃read读play玩live 居住smoke 抽烟lie躺着stay保持㈡终止性动词：（非延续性动词），表示行为或者动作是短暂瞬间完成的。come来fall倒borrow借admit承认break打破start开始join加入buy买jump跳lose丢open打开close关stop结束begin开始go走put放die死hit击中leave离开arrive到达marry结婚㈢两者的用法和区别： 1.延续性动词可以用表示一段时间的状语修饰，非延续动词不可用。 How long can I keep the book. 这本书我可以借多久？ They will work here till next Friday. 她们要在这里工作到下周五。 2.有时，非延续性动词也可以与表示一段时间的时间状语搭配，但这种表示一段时间的状语,实质上是表示一段时间内的某个时间“点”。 The play will start in half an hour. 这出戏半个小时后开始。 The fire broke out during the night. 火是夜间发生的。 3.非延续性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。 While I came home, he was cooking dinner. (错) When I came home, he was cooking dinner. (对) 4.用延续性动词表示一时的动作，可以在该动词前加get/begin/come. When did you get to know him? 你什么时候认识他的？ They begin to see that they had made a serious mistake. 她们开始认识到自己犯了一个大错。 5.非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的否定，此时可与表示一段时间的状语搭配。We did not find our seats till the play had begin. 我们直到戏开始时才找到位子。 We have not come here for ages. 我们多年没来这里了、 The rain has not stopped since three hours ago. 这雨已经下了三个小时了。 二：一般过去时和过去进行时的区分： ㈠一般过去时： ①概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态；过去经常，反复发生的动作。 ②时间状语：一段时间+ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, the other day(前几天），at that time(当时)，etc. ③基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他
延续性动词与非延续性动词练习题 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
初中英语点动词和延续性动词练习题 初中英语点动词和延续性动词练习题初中英语点动词和延续性动词练习题 w 初中英语点动词和延续性动词练习题 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________ 2) I moved to the USA last year I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________ 3) I went home yesterday I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________ 4) They came here last week They _________ _________ here since _________ __________ 5) He came out two years ago He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________ 6) We return to Fuzhou yesterday We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________ 7) I became a teacher in 2000 I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________ 8) The river became dirty last year The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________ 9) The shop closed two hours ago The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________
when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。（一）、when，while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。（二）、while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例如：1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。（三）、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候 一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.
现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。 在完成式中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy, borrow,die,leave,begin,join等）不能与 表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. 女口：He borrowed a book two days ago.（用现在完成式表达） He has kept the book for two days. 他持有这本书两年了。 1、 _______________________________________________________________ 他三年前买了一辆车。 2、 _______________________________________________________________ 他两年前参了军。 答案：1、He has had a car for three years或He has bought a car.或He bought a car three years ago. 2、He has been in the army for two years或He has joined the army. He joined the army two years ago. 切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： His father has died. His father has been dead for three years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 She has joined the Party/League. She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two mon ths.
中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练 中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表 语法讲解： 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以 for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例： He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. When did the train arrive here? B. How long ____ the train ____ here? 2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例： Lucy has come back. The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. = It is two years since he left Beijing. = Two years has passed since he left Beijing. 3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如： She h asn’t bought any new clothes since last year. I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time. 巩固习题： 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 6.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 7.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 8. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 9. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 10. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 11.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 12.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 13.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 14.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 15.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
瞬间动词与延续性动词 “瞬间动词”又叫终止性动词、点动词，表示动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此在现在完成时的句子中，瞬间动词不能直接与for/since 连用，需要转换成“延续性动词”。常用的请见5BP17表格。 Exercises 一、改错：横线划出错误的部分，并在后面的横线上改正。 1. How long have you begun to study English? ________________________ 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ________________________ 3. The river has become very dirty since last August.___________________ 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. ___________________________ 5. He has gone out for two years. ________________________ 二、选择 （）1. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died （）2. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for （）3. Have you met Mr. Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago （）4. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性 动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在进行时和现在完成进行时；延续性动词还可以用于现在完成时与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。 上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正) 又如：-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用 (只限肯定式)。如：
终止性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,点动词或短暂性动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. 终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: ⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. ⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 The film started two hours ago．→The film has been on for two hours． 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 Ⅰ. be 型 1. go there -- be there https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf9594333.html,e here—be here https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf9594333.html,e back—be back 4.die—be dead 5.leave—be away(from) 6.open—be open 7.close—be closed 8.go/get out—be out 9.finish/end-- be over 10.become—be 11.get up—be up 12.begin/start(上演)—be on 13. fall asleep-- be asleep 14.fall ill – be ill 15. move here/there --be here/there 16. get to… --be at/in 17.arrive at / in… -- be at / in 18.reach…-- be at/in 19.get married --be married 20.join—be in/be a member of join the Party-- be in the Party / be a Party member/ be a member of the Party Ⅱ. 实义动词型 1.borrow-- keep 2. buy——have 3.Begin to teach—teach 4. get to know—know 5.Put on—wear 6. receive--have 7.catch a cold—have a cold 8.hear from—have a letter from ［注意点］ 1．上述例词除borrow／buy／catch需转换为keep ／have外，其余均为“be＋adj．／adv．／n．”结构。2．非延续性动词并非不可用于现在完成时态中，只是不能和表示“一段”时间的短语连用，但可与just，yet，already ，ever，never等连用。例如： They have already come． He has just gone out．
延续性动词与非延续性动词 试比较，判断下列句子的正误。 翻译：我离开这所学校已八年啦。 【误】I have left this school for eight years. 【正】I have been away from this school for eight years. 解析：当现在完成时与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则需要转化为对应的延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，也可 以表示经验与经历，如： learn; sleep; keep; live等 可以与for 和 since 引导的 时间状语连用 He has lived here for 6 years. 非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词，表示不能 延续的动作，这种动作发生 后立即结束，如：open; begin; finish; come; go; borrow等 不能与for 和 since 引导的 时间状语连用 She has already finished her work. 1. 转化为相应的延续性动词 borrow → keep buy → have put on → wear 2. 转化为be+形容词/副词/介词/名词 begin/start → be on go out → be out die → be dead open → be open get to/ arrive in/reach → be in+地点come/ go → be + 相应的介词短语 finish → be over fall ill → be ill get up → be up fall asleep → be asleep join → be in+活动/组织go to school → be in school become → be make friends → be friends close → be closed go to bed → be in bed leave → be away(from)