Unit 1 Growing Up
I.Teaching plan (5 periods)
Objectives
Students will be able to:
1)grasp the main idea and the structure of the text ( narration in chronological sequence)
2)appreciate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text
3)master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text
4)conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of
the unit.
Time allotment
1)1st period: pre-reading; while-reading ( text structure, cultural notes, language points)
2)2nd period: while-reading (language points)
3)3rd period: while-reading (language points, grammatical structures)
4)4th period: while-reading (grammatical structures; details; synonyms; coherence) Post-reading
(main idea; exercises)
5)5th period: check on student‘s home reading (text B) post-reading (theme-related language
learning tasks)
Pre-reading tasks
1)Have you listened to John Lennon‘s Beautiful Boy (2 minutes)
2)The art of eating spaghetti (15 minutes)
3)Tasks students some questions and introduce text A (8 minutest)
While-reading tasks
1.The grasping the structure of the text: circle all the time words; text organization exercise 2 ;
sum up the main idea (15 minutes)
2.Cultural background: explaining the American grade school system and how teachers are
dressed. (3 minutes)
3.Explain language points and gives Ss practice. (60 minutes)
4.Explain grammatical structures (25 minutes)
5.Text analysis and theme-related language learning tasks (32 minutes)
Post-reading tasks
1. Think alone: According to Mr. Fleagle, what is the essence of the essay? (5 minutes)
2. Check students‘ after-text exercises and solve some common errors (10 minutes)
3. Check student‘s home reading (text B) (3 minutes)
4. Ss do Part IV: Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class (1 period)
5. Ask t he students‘ to prepare the next unit (2 minutes)
I.Text Analysis
Russell Baker is very good at selecting details (see Part IV Writing Strategy) to prove his point. For example, in Para. 2 he creates an unfavorable image of Mr. Fleagle by describing his ―fo rmal, rigid and hopelessly out-of-date‖ eyeglasses, hairstyle, clothes, jaw, nose, and manner of speaking.
What‘s more, Russell Baker employs repletion not only to make it easy for readers to follow what he is saying, but also to impress them more deeply. For example, in Para. 2, there are 9 prim’s or primly’s in as few as 3 sentences! Thus readers will have in their mind a vivid picture of what Mr. Fleagle looked like. Another example of such repetition can be found in Para. 5. Count how many I wanted‘s t here are in this paragraph (there are 5!). They help to emphasize Russell Baker‘s strong desire to write for himself.
On the other hand, where this stylistic device is not justified, Baker is also expert in avoiding repetition by employing synonymous words and phrases. Here are some examples:
a.dull, lifeless, cheerless, tedious
b.turn out, write, compose, put down
c.recapture, relive
d.topic, title
II.Cultural notes
1.Grade schools in the US.: It is necessary to have some knowledge of grade schools in the
U.S. because Ss have to realize that ―the third year in high school‖ (para. 1) equals ―the eleventh grade‖ (para. 9). U.S. students generally go through elementary schools (kindergarten to 5th or 6th grade), middle schools (grades 6-8) or junior highs schools (grades 7-9), and high schools (grades 9-12 or 10-12).
2.What American teachers wear in school: Nowadays, people in the U. S. love to dress
causally. Even among those companies with a rigid dress code some now allow employees not to wear suits on Fridays. U.S. teachers were fairly formal clothes to school, but not necessarily suits and ties. Bow ties are considered even more old-fashioned than ties.
3.Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it: Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked
b boiling and served with sauce. Usually you would put a fork into a plate of spaghetti, turn
the fork several times so that spaghetti will wind around the fork, then place the fork into your mouth. It‘s impolite to suck.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,nguage Points
1.off and on: adv.
In an intermittent manner: slept off and on last night.
2.possibility: The fact or state of being possible. Something that is possible.
Is it a possibility that you will work abroad?
There is no possibility of his coming.
The new invention contains wonderful possibilities.
3.take hold: to start to have an effect
The fever was beginning to take hold.
4.bore: To make weary by being dull, repetitive, or tedious:
The play bored us.
I'm bored with this job.
It's bore to little children having to go to school every day.
5.associate: To connect or join together; combine; To connect in the mind or imagination
associate one thing with another
We associate China with the Greet Wall.
What do you associate with such a heavy snow?
6.assignment: a piece of work that is given to a particular person
receive an assignment接收一项任务
What is today's assignment in history?今天历史课指定的作业是什么?
He has got a new assignment.他得到一项新任命。
7. turn out: a. to shut off: turned out the lights.
b. to arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment:
A large group of protesters have turned out.
c. To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make: an assembly line turning out cars.
d. To be found to be, as after experience or trial:
The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.
e. To end up; result: The cake turned out beautifully.
f. To equip; outfit: troops that were turned out beautifully.
g. Informal To get out of bed.
h. To evict; expel: The tenants were turned out.
8.agony: The suffering of intense physical or mental pain.
His last agony was over. 他临死的挣扎已经过去了。
He was in an agony of remorse. 他处于极端悔恨之中
be in agony 苦恼不安
death agony (=agony of death)临死时的痛苦, 垂死的挣扎
in agony of pain在痛苦的挣扎中
in an agony of处在极端...状态中
9.assign: a. To set apart for a particular purpose; designate. 分派为某一特定目的分开；指派
b. To select for a duty or office; appoint. 选派为某项任务或工作选派；委派
c. To give out as a task; allot. 作为任务分出；分配
d. To ascribe; attribut
e. 归于；归属
be assigned to a new post 被派到新的工作岗位
assign a day for a meeting 确定开会日期
assign property to another 把财产转让给别人
assign one's failure to idleness 将失败归因于懒惰
assign homework 留家庭作业
10.anticipate: To act in advance so as to prevent; forestall. To foresee and fulfill in advance.
We anticipate great pleasure from our visit to London. 我们期待伦敦之行过得非常愉快。
We anticipate hearing from you again.我们期待再接到你们的来信。
We anticipated our competitors by getting our products onto the market first.
我们赶在竞争对手之前,先把产品推向市场。
ardently anticipate殷切地期望
confidently anticipate满怀信心地期望
anticipate sb.'s arrival with much pleasure万分高兴地期待某人的到来。
A man who always anticipates his income can never save or become rich.
总是预支工资, 寅吃卯粮的人, 永远不能储蓄或成为富人。
He tried to anticipate all my needs.他设法将我需要的东西预先准备好。
Expect, anticipate, hope, await
These verbs are related in various ways to the idea of looking ahead to something in the future.
To expect is to look forward to the likely occurrence or appearance of someone or something: You can expect us for lunch.
你可以等我们一起吃午饭。
―W e should not expect something for nothing---but we all do and call it Hope‖ (Edgar W.
Howe).“我们不应期待收获而不付出--相反我们应去做并称之为希望”（埃德加··何奥）。
Anticipate is sometimes used as a synonym of expect, but usually it involves more than expectation. Sometimes it refers to taking advance action, as to forestall or prevent the occurrence of something expected or to meet a wish or request before it is articulated:
anticipating her desires. 预先满足她的愿望。
The term can also refer to having a foretaste of something expected before its occurrence: 这个词也指在预料中某物的出现前就已拥有：anticipate trouble. 过早陷入麻烦。
To hope is to look forward with desire and usually with a measure of confidence in the likelihood of gaining what is desired:
Hope意思是热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：
I hope to see you soon. 我希望不久就见到你。
Hope for the best, but expect the worst. 做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。
To await is to wait in expectation of; it implies certainty: Await意思是满怀期望的等待；暗含肯定性：eagerly awaiting your letter. 热切等待你的来信。
11.tedious: Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring.
a tedious story 冗长乏味的故事
tedious work 乏味的工作
boring, monotonous, tedious, irksome, tiresome, humdrum.
These adjectives refer to what is so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness.
Boring implies feelings of listlessness and discontent:
I had expected the book to be boring, but on the contrary it was fascinating. 我本以为这本书
很乏味，但正好相反，它竟让人着迷。
What is monotonous bores because of lack of variety: 表示monotonous的东西令人厌烦是因为缺少变化：
―T here is nothing so desperately monotonous as the sea‖(James Russell Lowell). “没有东西更象大海一样单调到让人绝望了”（詹姆士·罗素·洛威尔）。
Tedious suggests dull slowness or long-windedness: Tedious说明令人乏味的缓慢或漫长的
曲折：When we travel from coast to coast, we take a plane to avoid spending tedious days on the train. 当从一个海滨旅行到另一个海滨时，我们乘坐飞机以避免在火车上打发无聊时光。
Irksome describes what is demanding of time and effort and yet is dull and often unrewarding: Irksome指需要时间和努力，然而是单调而且通常是没有回报的：
―I know and feel what an irksome task the writing of long letters is‖(Edmund Burke). “我知道也感到写长信是一件多么令人烦恼的任务”（埃德蒙·布克）。
Something tiresome fatigues because it seems to be interminable or to be marked by unremitting sameness: tiresome的东西令人厌倦是因为它看起来无穷无尽或毫无变化：―W hat a tiresome being is a man who is fond of talking?(Benjamin Jowett). “夸夸其谈的人多么令人讨厌”（本杰明·乔维特）。
Humdrum refers to what is commonplace, trivial, or unexcitingly routine: Humdrum指陈腐、琐碎和无趣平凡的东西：
She led a humdrum existence---all work and no play.
她过着相当单调的生活——只有工作，没有玩乐。
12.reputation: The general estimation in which a person is held by the public; The state or
situation of being held in high esteem.; A specific characteristic or trait ascribed to a person or thing
a man of no reputation默默无闻的人; 没有声望的人
a person of reputation有信誉的人, 体面的人
build up a reputation博得名声
a blot [smirch, stain] on one's reputation 名誉上的污点
have a good [bad] reputation名誉好[坏]
have a reputation for sth. (=have the reputation of)因...而著名, 以...闻名
live up to one's reputation不负盛名; 名副其实
lose [ruin] one's reputation名誉扫地
make an evil reputation for oneself弄得声名狼藉
of great[good, high] reputation很有声望的, 享有盛名的
of no reputation声名狼藉的
of reputation有名望的
13.inability: Lack of ability or means.
employment inability 无就业能力, 失业
inability to box 丧失比赛能力
inability to defend oneself 没有自卫能力
14.inspire: To fill with enlivening or exalting emotion:
inspire a new thought into sb.将新思想灌输给某人
inspire sb.with courage鼓起某人的勇气
inspire sth. in sb. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情
inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情
inspire sth. into sb. 把某种思想灌输给某人
15.formal: Stiffly ceremonious
a formal manner; a formal greeting; a formal bow to the monarch.
16.rigid: Not flexible or pliant; stiff.
rigid in one's views 意志坚定
rigid discipline 严格的训练
rigid adherence to rules严守规则
17.excessively: adv To an advanced or unusual degree; extremely.过分地，过度地
"Besides, excessively large masses of human beings working in a single gigantic building overburden public transportation.""此外,许许多多的人在一幢大楼里上班工作,加重了公共交通的负担。"
18.out of date: no longer useful, correct or fashionable
out of date theories on education
The information in last year‘s tourist guide is already out of date.
19.prim: Precise or proper to the point of affectation; excessively decorous. 一本正经的过于准
确或合适以致于造作的；过分端庄的
Those young ladies are much too prim and proper to enjoy such a rude joke. "那几位年轻的太太太拘谨和正经,不会喜欢这种粗俗的笑话。"
a prim garden 整洁的园子
prim and proper 一本正经的; 循规蹈矩的
20.severe: Very serious; grave or grievous: severe mental illness.
Severe, stern and strict: These adjectives mean unsparing and exacting with respect to discipline or control.
―P raise or blame has but a momentary effect on the man whose love of beauty in the abstract makes him a severe critic on his own works‖(John Keats). “赞扬或指责对这个人只有瞬间效应，对抽象美的热爱使他对自己的作品严加批判（约翰·凯兹）。
Stern suggests unyielding disposition, uncompromising resolution, or forbidding appearance or nature: Stern指强硬的处理、不妥协的决定或冷峻的外表或气质：
―t hought her husband a man fatally stern and implacable‖ (George Meredith). “认为她丈夫是一个极端严厉而且毫不容情的人”（乔治·马里蒂斯）。
Strict means requiring or showing stringent observance of obligations, rules, or standards: 有计划地克制…做…某事，没有别的理由只因你最好别做它”（威廉·杰姆森）。Strict 指要求或显示严格遵守义务、规则或标准：
―H e could not be severe nor even passably strict‖ (W.H. Hudson).
“他根本不能做到严厉，甚至连稍稍严格一点都做不到”(W.H.N哈德森)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,ic: Characteristic of or having to do with comedy. Of or relating to comic strips.
Amusing; humorous: a comic situation involving the family's pets.
comic opera 喜歌剧
comic relief (悲剧中穿插的以宽松观众情绪的)喜剧性镜头
comic book [美]连环图画杂志
comic paper 报纸的连环图画版
comic strip 连环图画
tragic (来自希腊语tragikos). adj 悲剧的；悲惨的；不幸的
a tragic accident 不幸的事故
22.antique: An object having special value because of its age, especially a domestic item or
piece of furniture or handicraft esteemed for its artistry, beauty, or period of origin.
The antique is a fake. 那古董是一件赝品。
an antique dealer 古董商
old, ancient, archaic, antediluvian, obsolete, antique, antiquated
These adjectives describe what belongs to or dates from an earlier time or period.
old lace;
an old saying;
old colleagues;
an old Dutch painting.
Ancient pertains to the distant past:
―t he hills,/Rock-ribbed, and ancient as the sun‖(William Cullen Bryant).
Archaic implies a very remote, often primitive period:
an archaic Greek bronze of the seventh century b.c.
He was convicted under an archaic statute that had never been repealed.
Antediluvian applies to what is so old and outdated that it seems to belong to the period preceding the biblical Flood:
lived in a ramshackle, antediluvian tenement;
―a branch of one of your antediluvian families‖ (William Congreve).
Obsolete indicates the fact of having fallen into disuse:
an obsolete custom;
obsolete methods of research.
―E ither man is obsolete or war is‖( R. Buckminster Fuller).
Antique is applied both to what is very old and to what is especially appreciated or valued because of its age:
―i n hat of antique shape‖(Matthew Arnold).
She collects antique French furniture and porcelains.
Antiquated describes what is out of date, no longer fashionable, or discredited:
―N o idea is so antiquated that it was not once modern. No idea is so modern that it will not someday be antiquated‖(Ellen Glasgow).
23.tackle: try to deal with; To take on and wrestle with (an opponent or a problem, for example).
着手处理接受（比如一名对手或一个问题）的挑战并与之拼搏.
Everyone has his problem to tackle. 每人都有一些问题要去解决。
The policeman tackled the thief. 警察捕捉小偷。
tackle sb. about [on, over] sth. 为某事与某人交涉, 与某人坦率地谈谈某事
24.essay: A short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of
the author.
political essay 政论文
essay question (与填充题、是非题相对而言的)问答题
make an essay to assist sb. 试图帮助某人
25.distribute: To deliver or pass out
distribute books among the students 把书分给学生
be distributed into three classes 分为三类
distribute seeds over a field 在田间播种
distribute...over ... 把...配给到[分配到, 散布于]...
distribute sth. to 把某物分[配, 发]给...
distribute sth. among 把某物分[配, 发]给...
distribute, dispense, divide, allocate 都含“分配”的意思。
distribute指“将某物分成一定的部分或数量, 通常各份的数量不一定相等, 然后分给某些人或地方”, 如: distribute leaflets 分发传单。
In the 19th century the government distributed land to settlers willing to cultivate it.
Divideimplies giving out portions, often equal, on the basis of a plan or purpose: 在19世纪，政府将土地分发给愿意耕种的定居者。
dispense stresses the careful determination of portions, often according to measurement or weight: Dispense强调根据测理或称重对所分的份额，认真作出决定：dispensing medication;配药；Dispense指“分配给一群人中每个人应得的份”,如:
They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.
他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。
divide指“把整体分为若干部分”, Divide表示根据计划或目的进行按份额分发，常是平等的：如:
The estate will be divided among the heirs.
divide it into two 把它分成两份。
allocate指“分配一定数量的财物或任务给某些人、单位或事业等”, 如:
We've allocated a sum of money to education. 我们已经拨出了一笔教育经费。
26.finally: 最後，最终
She finally agreed with me. 她最终同意了我（的意见）。
Their dispute has not finally settled yet. 他们间的争端尚未最终解决。
不可改变地；决定性地
It's not finally settled yet. 那事尚未有决定性的解决。
at last, in time, finally, in the end这几个词语都有“终于”或“最后”的意思。
at last强调久等之后
When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. 在火终于被扑灭的时候，森林管理局订购了好几吨特殊速生草籽。
When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. 在牙科医生终于把药棉从我嘴中取出时，我才勉强地告诉他说，他把牙拔错了。
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. 消防队员终于扑灭了加利福尼亚洲的一场森林大火。
in time表示经过一段不定的时间之后
In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. 山姆所有的钱终于都用这种办法归还了。
You will learn how to do it in time. 这项工作你最终总能学会做的。
注:in time 还有“及时”的意思
finally也表示久等之后，但有时表示在一系列因素的最后一个之后
After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.
推迟了三次度假之后，我们终于在希腊度了假。
We need to increase productivity. We need to reduce unemployment. And finally, we need to make our exports competitive on world markets. 我们需要增加生产率，减少失业率，最后我们需要使我们的出口产品在国际市场上具有竞争力。
in the end和finally 同义，但finally 一般位于谓语前。这些词除finally 之外，其他
三个都可以用在谓语前，也可位于谓语后
In the end, we stay at home and look after everything. 最后，我们还是呆在家里照看着一切。
He tried many ways of earning, in the end he became a farm laborer. 他试过许多谋生之道，最后他做了农场工人。
27.face up to: to accept and deal with an unpleasant fact or problem大胆面向：
She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young. 她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事实。
They‘ll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it.
28.scan: look through quickly
scanned the morning papers while eating breakfast. 吃早饭时浏览早上的报纸
29.title: a name given to a book, film, etc.
the titles in a press's fall catalog. 出版社秋季出版计划中的书目
30.extraordinary: Beyond what is ordinary or usual:
extraordinary authority.
Highly exceptional; remarkable:
an extraordinary achievement.
a man of extraordinary strength 一位力气惊人的男子
Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace.
也许19世纪最不寻常的建筑物要算`水晶宫'了。
What an extraordinary idea! 多么离奇的想法!
31.sequence: A following of one thing after another; succession. 连续一件事接着另一件事；
连续
a sequence of bumper harvests 连续的大丰收
in historical [alphabetical] sequence 按历史[字母]顺序
the sequence of tenses 【语】时态的呼应
32.image: One that closely or exactly resembles another; a double
an image of the Virgin Mary 圣母玛丽亚像
see one's image in the mirror 在镜中照见自己的形像
television image 电视图象
speak in images 讲话用比喻; 说话形象化
thinking in terms of images 形象思维
He is the (very) image of his father. 他活象他的父亲。
The politician has a very bad image among people. 那位政治家在人民中的形象很差。33.adult: a fully grown person for animal
He has a very adult manner although he's only 12. 虽然他只有十二岁, 他举止却很象大人。
34.humor: An often temporary state of mind; a mood:
I'm in no humor to argue.
have no sense of humo(u)r 缺乏幽默感
a man of humo(u)r 富有幽默感的人
black humo(u)r 黑色幽默(60年代美国新兴的一个文学流派)
dry humo(u)r 绷着脸说笑话
Every man has his humo(u)r. [谚]各人有各人的脾气。
in a bad humo(u)r 情绪不好, 不高兴
in a good humo(u)r 高兴, 情绪很好
in (an) ill humo(u)r 不高兴, 情绪不佳
in the humo(u)r for 有(做某事的)心情; 高兴...; 想...
out of humo(u)r 情绪不佳, 没兴趣
35.recall: bring back to mind; remember; To remember; recollect.
Recall the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today. "想想过去的苦,比比今天的甜。"
The makers have recalled a lot of unsafe cars. 制造厂收回了许多不安全的车.
36.argument: A discussion in which disagreement is expressed; a debate. A quarrel; a dispute.
It is beyond argument that.....是无可争辩的, 不容争辩的是...
Argument, dispute, controversy
These nouns denote discussion involving conflicting points of view.
Argument stresses the advancement by each side of facts and reasons buttressing its contention and intended to persuade the other side:
Emotions are seldom swayed by argument. 情绪很少受论证的影响。
Dispute stresses division of opinion by its implication of contradictory points of view and often implies animosity:
Dispute强调由于涉及相互矛盾的观点而导致意见上的分歧，常常暗含敌意：
A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract. 工会会员们在新
合同的条款方面产生争执。
Controversy is especially applicable to major differences of opinion involving large groups of people rather than individuals:
The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy. 使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。
37.respectable: (of behavior, appearance, etc.) socially acceptable
a respectable teacher 一位可敬的老师
a respectable appearance 体面的外表
a respectable income 可观的收入
He is too respectable for my taste. 那个人太高雅了, 我不喜欢。
38.put down: write down
"Put it down to my account, please." 请记在我的帐上。
39.recapture: bring back into the mind; experience again.
recapture a position from the enemy 从敌人手中夺回阵地
recapture the past 回忆过去; 使过去再现
40.relive: experience again, esp, in one‘s imagination
relive one's life 重新生活
41.violate: act against
violate a law 犯法
violate sleep 妨碍睡眠
violate sb.'s privacy 侵扰某人的安静; 闯入私室
The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable.士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。
The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning.
炮声破坏了平常星期日早晨的宁静。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,pose: write or create (music, poetry, etc.); To make up the constituent parts of; constitute
or form:
an exhibit composed of French paintings; the many ethnic groups that compose our nation.
compose, consist of, comprise, constitute这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。
compose在表示“由……材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.
混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。
England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。
Mere facts, badlly stated, do not compose a good book.
仅仅有资料，如果陈述得很糟糕，并不能组成一本好书；
consist of的含义与被动语态的compose 相同
Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective.
虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成，但效果很好。
comprise在表示“构成”时，其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”
These houses do not comprises all his property. 这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。
The committee comprises men of widely different views. 这个委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人组成。
constitute的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的
This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace. 在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困，构成了对和平的永久的威胁。
Seven days constitutes a week. 七天构成一个星期。
43.turn in: a. To hand in; give over: turned in the final exam.
b. To inform on or deliver: The criminal turned herself in.
c. To produce: turns in a consistent performance every day.
d. Informal: To go to bed: I turned in early last night.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,mand: a. To give orders.
b. To exercise authority or control as or as if one is a commander.
a general who commands an army. 指挥陆军的将军
To have at one's disposal: 由某人处置：
a person who commands seven languages. 懂得七种语言的人
45.discipline: punishment, order kept (among school-children)
labo(u)r discipline 劳动纪律
military discipline军纪
be strict in discipline 纪律严明
a commission for discipline inspection 纪律检查委员会
strict discipline 严格的训练
be under perfect discipline 受着很好的训练
He needs a little discipline.他需略加惩戒。
In learning a foreign language, question and answer drills are good disciplines.
学外语时, 问答练习是很好的训练方法。
46.what’s more: in addition, more importantly
These detergents are environmental friendly, what‘s more, they are relatively cheap.
47.contempt: The state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace.
a touch of contempt 有点蔑视
feel contempt for a liar 对说谎者有轻蔑之感
Traitors have always been treated with contempt. 叛徒永被人们唾弃。
She lives in contempt. 她在屈辱中生活。
He refused to answer in contempt of the rules of the court.
他藐视法院规章，拒绝回答。
48.ridicule: To expose to ridicule; make fun of. 嘲弄使…受嘲笑；取笑
―M y father discouraged me by ridiculing my performances‖(Benjamin Franklin).
49.hold back: prevent the expression of (feeling, tears, etc.)
The villagers built banks of earth to hold back the flood waters. "村民们筑起土坝,防止洪水泛滥。"
No one can hold back the wheel of history. 谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。
抑制（情感、情绪）(= hold in, keep back)
The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer. (喻) 老板再也抑制不住怒火了。
50.avoid: keep or get away from
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。
To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。
A person with nephritis must avoid all exertion. 肾炎病人必须避免做任何要用劲的事。
Young ladies should learn to spend money carefully and avoid extravagance.
年青的妇女要学会花钱审慎小心,避免浪费。
To avoid the city center, we may turn right here and take the belt highway.
从这里往右拐走环行道可以避开闹市中心。
51.demonstration: act of showing or proving sth.
peace demonstrations. 和平示威游行
52.career: a. A chosen pursuit; a profession or occupation.
My grandfather was a career teacher; it's the only job he'd ever done.
我祖父教了一辈子书,教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。
b. 经历；生涯
Churchill's career 邱吉尔的经历
c. 全速；急驰
The horse went at full career. 那马全速奔驰。
The cart careered uncontrollably down the hill. 大车失去控制,猛冲下山。
53.seal: The design or emblem itself, belonging exclusively to the user: 印信图案或纹章，只属
于使用人：a monarch's seal. 皇帝的御玺 a privy seal 私章
54.essence: the most important quality of a thing
the essence of morality 道德的精髓
The essence of his religious teaching is love for all men.
他宣扬的宗教教义要旨是爱天下人。
in essence: By nature; essentially: 本质上；实质的：
He is in essence a reclusive sort. 他本质上具有一种隐士的气质
of the essence: Of the greatest importance; crucial: 极其重要的极其重要的；决定性的：
Time is of the essence. 时间就是生命
55.congratulation: The act of expressing joy or acknowledgment, as for the achievement or
good fortune of another. 祝贺对于别人的成绩或好运表示出的高兴或肯定
to offer one's congratulations on her success 对她的成功表示祝贺
It's your birthday today? Congratulations! "今天是你的生日?恭喜,恭喜!"
Text B Summer Reading
1.on purpose: deliberately, intentionally
Jack‘s been really annoying me and I think he‘s doing it on purpose.
2.in advance: before something happens or is expected to happen.
I should warn you in advance, we may be delayed.
Could you distribute copies well in advance of the meeting?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,prise: to consist of particular parts, groups, etc.
The house comprises 2 bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.
The city‘s population is largely comprised of Asians and Europeans.
4.motion: to give someone directions or instructions by moving your hands.
The police officer motioned for me to pull over.
He motioned to her to be quiet.
5.adjust: to gradually get used to a new situation by making small changed to the way you do
things: (to)
Adjusting to the tropical heat was more difficult than they had expected.
They‘ll soon settle in—kids are very good at adjusting.
6.think up: to produce a new idea, name etc by thinking hard about something:
We laugh at the absurdity of these laws and wonder how anyone ever thought them up.
7.in the meantime: in the period of time between now and a future event, or between two
events in the past.
The doctor will be here soon. In the meantime, try and relax.
I didn‘t see her for another five years, and in the meantime she had got married and had a
couple of kids.
8.generally: in a general way; usually of most of the time
Jonathan says he generally gets in to work by 8:00.
Generally speaking, the more expensive the stereo, the better it is.
9.appeal: If someone or something appeals to you, they seem attractive and interesting.
Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?
The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s and 30s.
10.clash: fight or serious disagreement
clash of interests 利益冲突
a clash with the police 与警察的冲突
I failed to go to her wedding because it clashed with my examination. "我没能去参加她的婚
礼,因为和我的考试日期冲突了。"
11.represent: stand for or be a sign or symbol of
The protesters represented only a small section of public opinion.
The red lines on the map represents a considerable improvement on your recent work.
12.decent: acceptable, and good enough
Haven‘t you go a decent pair of shoes?
A house with decent sized yard
When Tom found out that his girlfriend was pregnant, he did the decent thing and married her.
13.evil: n. very harmful or unpleasant influence or effect:
the evils of capitalism
the eternal struggle between good and evil
adj. Very cruel and bad
an evil dictator responsible for the deaths of millions
the evil effect of materialism
14.voluntary: acting or doing willingly
When she retired she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.
Participants in the experiment took part on a voluntary basis.
15.assume: to think that something is true, although you have no proof of it:
I didn‘t see you car, so I assumed you‘d gone out.
Assuming that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?
Unit 2 Friendship
IV.Teaching plan (5 periods)
Objectives
Students will be able to:
5)grasp the main idea and the structure of the text ( narration in chronological sequence);
6)appreciate that spoken English is much more informal than written English;
7)master key language points and grammatical structures in the text
8)conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of
the unit.
Time allotment
6)1st period: pre-reading; while-reading (skimming; text organization)
7)2nd period: while-reading (part I)
8)3rd period: while-reading (Parts II and III)
9)4th period: post-reading (main idea; exercises)
10)5th period: check on student‘s home reading (text B) and Theme-related language learning
tasks)
Pre-reading tasks
4)Have you listened to the song That’s What Friends are For(5 minutes)
5) A Survey----Do you often write letters to friends? (15 minutes)
Sometimes we put off writing letters because we think letters can wait until other matters are dealt with, or because we think a phone call will do instead. But sometimes, as you are to find in this text, we may leave it too late to write, and letters are the best in expressing our innermost feelings.
While-reading tasks
1.Skimming: Ss work in pair to skim the text and find out how many questions the narrator
asked Cabbie and what were the latter‘s responses. (20 minutes)
2.Ss do Text Organization exercises. (5 minutes)
3.Explain language points and gives Ss practice. (60 minutes)
4.T elicits from Ss several ways to keep a conversation going, e.g. asking a question,
agreeing with what one‘s conversation partner has said, making guesses about p ast events or predictions about future events. (10 minutes)
5.T poses some questions on Part III to Ss. (5 minutes)
Post-reading tasks
1. Ss work in groups to find out, in the conversation given in the text, words and sentences that
take on different meanings for the speaker and the listener. And later, T may invite groups to report their findings to the class (20 minutes).
2. Check students‘ after-text exercises and solve some common errors (10 minutes)
3. Check student‘s home reading (text B) (3 minutes)
4. Ss do Part IV: Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class (1 period)
5. Ask the students‘ to prepare the next unit (2 minutes)
V.Text Analysis
Most of this text is actually a re-creation of the conversation between a taxi driver and the narrator. Therefore it provides ample examples of how English is spoken in daily life by native speakers.
In spoken English sentences tend to be short andsimple. Some sentences are incomplete, for example:
―(Is the letter) From a child or maybe a grandchild?‖
―(You) Went to school together?‖
―Time.‖
―(I have) Enjoyed talking with you.‖
Besides, some words and phrases do not usually find their way into written English, for example, sort of, kind of, you know, I think, I guess, I take it, well, go ahead, hang out, it’s no fun to do sth., not much of a hand at doing sth., a couple of, every now and then, an awful lot.
From the text one can conclude that the narrator is very good at keeping the conversation going. For one thing, he expresses his agreement to show the cabbie what a sympathetic listener he is, e.g.
---―Letters from home always mean a lot. At least they do with me because I‘m on the road so much.‖
---―I don‘t think any of us keep up our correspondence too well. I know I don‘t.‖
---―Well, we should all keep in to uch with old friends more than we do. But things come up and we just don‘t seem to find the time.‖
---― You know, when it says here that there aren‘t many of us left, that‘s absolutely right.‖
For another, he asks questions directly to get more information out of the cabbie:
---―You said ?was‘. Does that mean--?‖
---―Did you two work at the same place?‖
---―I thought your friend‘s name was Ed. why did he sign it Tom?‖
sometimes, he asks an indirect question by making guesses:
---―From a child or maybe a grand child?‖
---―Went to school together?‖
---―I take it he‘s someone you‘ve known quite a while?‖
---―You must have spent a lot of time together.‖
---―That must have made you feel good, didn‘t it?‖
VI.Cultural notes
Halloween
Halloween is celebrated annually. It is on the night of 31 October, when people once believed that ghosts could be seen. Now, in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been removed, and pl ay ―trick or treat‖.
Trick or treat is a traditional activity at Halloween. Children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say ―Trick or treat‖. This means that they will play a ―trick‖, or joke, on the people in the house unless they are given a ―treat‖, e.g. sweets or money. Most people prefer give treats rather than having tricks played on them.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,nguage Points
1.be lost in / lose oneself in: be so involved in something that you do not notice anything else;
be absorbed in, be fully occupied with:
It‘s easy to lose yourself in the magic of this film.
2.available: a) Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible:现实可用的；手边的；可获得的：
kept a fire extinguisher available at all times.任何时候都要放置即时可用的灭火器
Chinese commodities available for export are varied.中国可供出口的商品种类繁多。
I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
Attention, please. These tickets are available on (the) day of issue only.请注意,这种车票仅在发售当天有效。
b)Capable of being gotten; obtainable:能得到的；可得到的：
a bedspread available in three colors.现在有的三种颜色的床罩
c) (not before a noun): someone who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to
you可接受探访的；可见客人的
Is the manager available? 经理在不在？
The lawyer is not available now.律师现在没空。
d) someone who is available does not have a wife, boyfriend etc, and therefore may want to
start a new romantic relationship with someone else.
available energy有效能(量)
be available for use可加以利用
employ all available means千方百计, 用尽所有办法
3.or something: it is used when you cannot remember or do not want to give another example
of something you are mentioning.
Here‘s some mo ney. Get yourself a sandwich or something.
Her name was Judith, or Julie or something.
Similar phrase: or something like that.
4.go ahead (with something): to start doing something:
Frank‘ll be late but we‘ll go ahead with the meeting anyway.
5.know / learn by heart: memorize, remember exactly
You are required to learn two or three paragraphs by heart every unit.
6.estimate: To form an opinion about; evaluate:
While an author is yet living we estimate his powers by his worst performance.
estimate, appraise, evaluate, value, assess, appreciate这组同义词的一般含义是“估计”
或“估价”。
estimate表示的“估价”或“估价”只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 虽然用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值是可能的；但要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值却极为困难。
One authority made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre. 一位权威对英国南方一块草坪上的蜘蛛作过统计，他估计每英亩有2,250,000多只蜘蛛。
evaluate很少用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值，而是用来表示“评价”。
如“领导对他的评价很高”。
By marks in numbers or letters, the teacher evaluates a student's work. 老师用数字或字母的符号来评价学生的作业。
The scientists were still evaluating their data. 那些科学家还在评价他们的资料。
appreciate是前面这几个词的近义词，它的意思是“鉴赏”，即充分了解某物或某人的价值或才能，以期批判地欣赏或赏识。appreciate的同义词应为value, treasure, cherish.
I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. 我认为
小孩子常常比任何别的人都能更好地鉴赏现代图画。
Children always appreciate small gifts of money. 小孩子总是把大人给的一点点钱看得很重。
assess的原义是对某商品进行估价，以期决定应课多少税；词义引伸之后，assess通常表示“估计”出某物的价值，以更有效地利用它。
It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure to understand each other. 要估计出这种机器的重要性是不可能的，因为许多国际间的误解纯粹是由于相互不能了解而导致的。
appraise表示的“评价”是行家的“估计”，常用于估计某物的价值或市场价格，也可用于评审某物的质量，或估计某人的才能等。
An expert came to appraise the value of my antiques. 一位专家来对我的古玩作了估价。
An employer shoule be able to apprasise ability and character. 雇主应当有能力估计才能和性格。
value与appraise的含义很近，即“估计某物的价值、价格”。其区别在于appraise强调“行家”的估计，而value用于一般人所作的“估计”
He valued the house for me at ￡3,500. 他为我估价了这幢房子，说值3500英镑。
I value your advice. 我对你的忠告是看得很重的。
7.might/ may (just) as well: (usually spoken) used to suggest doing something that you do not
really want to do, because you no better ideas:
It‘s no good waiting for the bus. We might as well walk.
(See Exercise on P. 47)
8.not much of a: not a good: 不是什么了不起的, 称不上....
Some people may think that doing housework for others in not much of a career.
He id not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.
9.keep up: continue without stopping
It‘s hard to keep up with changes in computer technology.
I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.
10.correspondence: 1) the act of writing, receiving or sending letters (不可加s, 但可加a, often
followed by with + n.)
His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.
2) the letters that sb. Receives or sends (used as an uncountable noun)
A secretary came in twice a week to deal with his correspondence.
Any further correspondence should be sent to my new address.
11.But I take it he’s someone…: But I expect that he is someone.
The sentence pattern ―I take it (that)…‖ is used to say that you expect someone will do something, know something, etc.
I take it (that) you‘ve heard that all the students in my class have done a very good job in
CET-Band 4.
12.practically: (especially spoken) almost; in a sensible way which takes account of problems:
The hall was practically empty.
Practically all my friends are gay.
―But how can we pay for it?‖ said John practically.
13.went to school together: the complete sentence is like this: You went to school together?.
In colloquial English a declarative sentence with a rising tone may serve as a question.
14.neighbourhood: one of the parts of a town where people live:
It seemed like an ideal neighborhood to raise my children in.
Houses in a good neighborhood are likely to be sold at a high price.
15.kind /sort of: meaning that something is uncertain or partly true (mainly before adjective and
verbs) are used only in informal contexts: (kind of is AmE, sort of is BrE)
I kinda like that color.
―Did he help you?‖ ― well, kind of‖ (= not as much as I hoped.)
In very informal speech you sometimes use kind /sort of to make a serious statement sound
weaker or amusing.
He sort of came up to me and pushed me.
So kind of hit him in the face.
She wasn‘t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.
The boy‘s description kind of gives us an idea of what‘s happening.
16.lose touch (with sb): meet and contact less and less often, gradually stop writing, telephoning,
or visiting them.
I‘ve lost touch with all my old school friends.
When you‘re living abroad it‘s so easy to lose touch with what‘s happening back home.
17.a couple of: (informal) a few, more than one but not many:
We just need a couple more chairs so everyone can sit down.
There‘s a couple of girls waiting for you outside.
I don‘t know why I feel so bad, I only had a couple of drinks.
18.tough: (infml) unfortunate, difficult, strong
It‘s really tough on him--- his wife divorces him, then he has all these problems at work.
(unfortunate)
Life as a single mother can be tough and depressing.
A tough decision
The reporters were asking a lot of tough questions. (difficult)
A very tough, hard-wearing cloth
The men who works on the oil rigs are a tough bunch. (strong)
19.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to
himself than to me: But I realized that the taxi driver was still thinking of Old Ed when he spoke again. It seemed that he spoke more to himself than to me.
On one‘s mind: in one‘s thoughts; of concern to one (If something is on your mind, you are worried or concerned about it and think about it a lot.)
You look worried, Sara. Is there something on your mind?
With Jim losing his job and her mother being sick, Michelle has had a lot on her mind lately.
This ravel plan has been on my mind all week.
20.keep/ get/ be in touch (with sb.): if you keep in touch with someone, you write, phone, or
visit each other regularly.
Ou r neighbours are moving away but I hope that we‘ll still keep in touch with each other.
You can get in touch with me at the office if necessary.
I‘ll be in touch when I get back from Paris.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c418386145.html,e up: 1) happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly
A lot of new questions came up at the meeting.
Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work changed.
2) be mentioned or discussed:
Your name came up in our conversation once or twice.
The issue of safety came up twice during the meeting.
The term ―Hope Project‖ has come up a lot recently in the newspapers.
22.urge: try very hard to persuade ( often used in the pattern urge sb. to so sth. or followed by a
that-clause. In the that-clause, ―should‖ or the base form of a verb is used.)
Brown urged her to reconsider her decision.
The urged the local government to approve plans for their reform programme.
I urge that you read this report carefully.
Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.
23.postpone: delay (usually followed by n/ gerund):
We‘re postponi ng our holiday until we have some more money.
Cai and Jim have decided to postpone having a family for a while.
24.It had references to things that …: The letter made mention of things that…
Reference: 1) the act of talking about sb/ sth., or mentioning them (usually followed by to) It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume.
His recent book makes references to the political events of those days.
2) sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of
another place in a book.
Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.
3) the act of looking at sth. for information
Use the dictionary for easy reference.
Keep their price list for further reference.
25.“Like it says there,” … “ about all we had to spend in those days was time.”: ―As the
letter says there,‖ … ― though we didn‘t have much money we had a lot of free time.‖
26.absolutely: totally and completely:
He‘s an absolutely brilliant singer.
You can trust her absolutely.
You look absolutely fantastic in that dress.
―Do you let your kids travel alone at night?‖ ―Absolutely not.‖
27.reunion: the state of being brought together again after a period of being separated.
Joseph‘s eventual reunion with his brother
Our college reunion
The soccer club holds an annual/ yearly reunion.
Before she went abroad for further study, the whole family had a big family reunion.
28... there are fewer and fewer still around.: … fewer and fewer of us are left alive.
29.go by: (of time) pass
Two years went by.
Never let a good opportunity go by.
Her daughter was becoming more and more beautiful as the years went by.
You can‘t always go by appearance. ( judge by)
30.hang out: 1) (infml, used mainly in AmE) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not
doing very much.
She hangs out with a pretty wild crowd.
That‘s the corner where all the junkies (有毒瘾者) hang out.
2) hang clothes on a piece of string outside in order to dry them.
I‘ve hung out the washing.
What a pain! ----It‘s raining and I‘ve just hung the washing out.
31.every now and then: sometimes, at times
I still see her every now and then.
Every now and then I have a desire to quit my study (my tedious job).
懦夫总有疯狂的一天。 Unit One Changes in the Way We Live Text A Content Questions ( P10 ) Write and live on a farm. Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter. No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough. They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March. When the first spring came, it brought two floods. The second flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season. He decided to quit his job and start to freelance. He has to crawl into black bear dens for “Sports Illustrated”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian”magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster”for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters Wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations”. As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars. They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example, they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive
新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 1 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7.virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。
Unit 5 Secti on A: Cliff Young, an un likely hero Teach ing Procedures: Pre-read ing Activities Step 1. Greeti ngs Greet the whole class warmly. Step 2. Lead-i n and preparati on for read ing Let them talk to each other about the follow ing questi ons: 1. What sports do you like doing 2. How much time do you spe nd on sports every day 3. Do you think play ing sports is importa nt to stude nts Why Step 3. Fast read ing Ask the Stude nts to read the passage as quickly as they can and the n an swer th questi ons on the scree n. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure. Text structure: ( structured writi ng ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts. Part1 Cliff Young took part in the Australia n maratho n in 1983 and fin ally won it. Part 2 Cliff You ng ' s life after the race of 1983 Part 3 Cliff Young sets a good example for other people. Purpose: Improve the stude nts ' read ing and writi ng ability and un dersta nc
V ocabulary Unit 1 1. My job varies between the extremely tedious and the annoyingly busy. On balance I think I’m happier during the really busy times; no time to think about how bored I am. 2. It is the nature of the wise to resist pleasures, but the foolish to be a slave to them. 3.I figure out a good team of dogs ,hitched to a light sled, can haul 1000 pounds of goods. 4. In the story, the little girl has a wicked stepmother, who makes her life a misery. 5. Nothing has become a real till it is experienced –even a proverb is no proverb to you till your life has illustrated it. 6. Nowadays almost all libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within their budget. 7. You can increase a tyre’s grip in winter by slightly lowering its pressure. 8. Lake superior, Huron Erie and Ontario are shared by united states and Canada ,and from part of the boundary between the two countries. 9. The police are investigating the three men allegedly involved in organizing and carrying out the bank robbery. 10. I do not doubt in the least that inflation leads to economic decline. 11. A blizzard was blasting great drifts of snow across the lake. 12. Tim says just about everybody will be affected by the tax increases, but I am sure he’s exaggerating . 1. In an effort to feel better, I started to make small changes in my life and cut back / cut down from 20 cigarettes a day to a mere three or four. 2. If I wasted electricity as you do at home, my dad would make me pick up the bill. 3.We can get by with four computers at the moment, but we'll need a couple more when the new staff arrive. 4.It is impossible to get through this course just by working hard around exam times. 5.Unless they quickly face up to their mistakes, they will miss a unique opportunity to settle the problem once and for all. 6.The students were instructed to do the experiment carefully and to turn in their reports at the beginning of next week. 7. I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time
Unit 2Civil Right Heroes Ⅰ. Teaching Plan & Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the Underground Railroad); 2.learn to use library resources and other resources for information; 3.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4.[ 5.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. Principles: stimulating, motivating, facilitating, enabling Task–based:reading, writing, discussing, practicing, commenting, criticizing, evaluating, recreating, investigating, searching for resources, case studying, presenting and demonstrating, deducting, inducting, etc. < 1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recording: (5 minutes)
第一册Book1Unit1~Unit10 翻译答案 Unit1 翻译 1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。 Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter. 2) 我坚信，阅读简写的(simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。 I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染(pollution) 方面还做得不够。 I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution. 4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。 In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation. 5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。 We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to te ach us spoken English next term/semester. 6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。 Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。 If you have any q uestions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail. 8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。 The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years. Unit2 翻译 1) 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once. 2) 胜利登上乔治岛(George Island) 后，船长向指挥部(the headquarters) 发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to the headquarters. 3) 他决心继续他的实验，不过这一次他将用另一种方法来做。 He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he'll do it another way. 4) 她在读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn't help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5) 玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6) 我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。 We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7) 甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。
本科课程教案 2017-2018学年(第 1 学期 ) 课程名称：大学英语 CI 课程性质：□通识必修课□大类基础课□专业核心课 □专业拓展课□通识限选课□通识任选课 授课班级：17 产品设计 1 班(32 人）、环境设计七班（ 30 人）学生数：共 62 人 授课教师：庞海才 学分 / 学时：6/75 学时分配：理论讲授学时，课堂讨论学时 实验 / 课内实践学时，在线学习学时 课程设计( 周) 系（教研室）负责人（签名）：
审核通过日期：年月日 《大学英语 CI 》是教授英语语言知识和英语学习策略，培养学生外语综 合应用能力和跨文化交际为主要内容的必修课，教学对象是艺术专业大一学 生。课程以外语教学理论为指导，以“课堂教学+计算机和网络的自主学 习”模式为主，集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体，旨在培养学生的英语 课程简介综合应用能力，尤其是听说能力；同时，提高他们的自主学习的能力和综合 文化素养，以适应我国社会发展的需要和国际交流的需要。 该课程采用形成性评估和终结性评估两种形式来评估学生学习效果。形成 性评估包括课堂活动记录、课后任务记录等形式。终结性评估包括期中测评、 期末总评。 教材名称、新编大学基础英语综合教程1、 2 高等教育出版社 出版社、出版新视野大学英语（第三版）视听说教程1、 2 时间、版次新编大学基础英语训练与自测1、 2高等教育出版社 （含中英文教 材） （含参考书目、案例材料、阅读材料，网络教学资源等） 新编大学基础英语训练与自测1、 2 新视野大学英语（第三版）长篇阅读1、 2 参考书目 及文献（或 网络教学资源） 形成性评估：平时作业、网络学习、课堂表现、期中考试、期末考试考试考核方式 （含期中考试、 小测验、作业）
全新版大学英语综合教程第三册课后参考答案 Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live Part II Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Text Organization 1. Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one. Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard. Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job, the writer's income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Part Four Paras 12-15 A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. 2. Happy Moments and Events Hardships 1)growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables 1)working hard both in winter and in summer 2)canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc. 2)harsh environment and weather condition 3)keeping warm inside the house in winter 3)anxious moments after the writer quit his job 4)writing freelance articles 4)cutting back on daily expenses 5)earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life 5)solitude Vocabulary I. insurance 2) On balance 3) aside from resist 4) cut back 5) resist 6) haul 7) supplemented 8) sprayed 9) wicked 10) illustrated 11) budget 12) digest 13) boundary 14) get by 15) at that point 2. 1) cut back / down 2) pickup 3) get by 4) get through 5) face up to 6) turn in 7) turning out 8) think up 3. 1) While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.
Unit 3 The Generation Gap Teaching Aims: 1.Understanding the main idea (Father meddled in children’s affairs with good intentions ,but only to find his efforts unwelcome) and structure ( three settings,three scense); 2.Appreciate the basic elements of a play; 3.Grasp the key language points in Texts A and learn to use them in context; 4.Understand the cultural background related to the content 5.Conducting a series of theme-related reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities 6.Learn to write poster, etc. Teaching Keypoints: 1.Grasp the main idea of Text A and language points in Text A 2.Cultural background about The Generation Gap; 3.Analysis of the difficult sentences in Text A Teaching Difficulties: 1.Writing strategy and style demonstrated in Text A 2.Learn how to understand the structure of difficult and long sentences Teaching Aids: Teacher-guided, discussion, exercises, group-activities, student-centred Teaching period: 12 classes Teaching Procedure: Step 1Warming up 1.Have students read the overview of page 58, students will understand the main topic of unit3 2.Have students listen to the script of listening part, explain some difficult sentences and phrases, lead them to finish the exercises on page59, check the answer 3.Have students form pairs to interview each other. Step 2 Global analysis of Text A Part Division of the Text Parts Para(s). Main Ideas 1 1~35 In a fast-food restaurant, Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager. 2 36~108 In the Thompson family dining room, Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a work-mate into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom. 3 109~130 In an office at Heidi’s high school, Father embarrassed Heidi by boasting to an official about how bright she was. Step 3 Detailed Reading Ⅰ. Difficult Sentences 1. (Title) “Father Knows Better” 1. What does “Father knows better.” mean? (=“Father knows better.” or “Father, you know better than that.” literally means Father wa wise enough not to do something. Actually it does not have this meaning. It means Father was not wise when he meddled with his children’s affairs.)
大学英语精读第一册答案 大学英语精读第三版第一册答案 Unit1 1) e 2) g 3) j 4) a 5) b 6) i 7) c 8) d 9) h 10) f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory
11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for
5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add
一单元： 1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必得在达道严格的安全要求后才可出售给给儿童。 The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 二单元： 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。 Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。 According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为他们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册答案Book 1 Unit 1 Study&Practice V ocabulary Activities 1. 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 2. 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed... to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely... on 13) Apart from 14) command 3. 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition to 8) in detail Enriching Your Word Power 1. 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development
14)movement 15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live Text A Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P. 12) 1) special qualities 2) a tight budget 3) entertain 4) anyway 5) involved 6) requirement 7) on a small scale 8) temptation 9) Instead 10) machinery Language Focus Vocabulary I. 1. (P. 15 ) 、 1) On balance 2) resist 3) haul 4) wicked 5) illustrated 6) budget 7) lowering 8) boundary 9) involved 10) economic 11) blasting 12) just about 2. (P. 16 ) 1) cut back / down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5) face up to 6) turn in 7) making up for 8) think up 3. (P. 17 ） 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2) often generate misleading thoughts. 3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work. ， 4) be suspected of doing everything for money. 5) before he gets through life. 4. (P. 17 ) 1) their indoor a profit to invest in 2) device the improvement on a global scale 3) stacked temptation never dined out II. Confusable Words (P. 18 ) 1. 1) house 2) home 3) home, family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect ： III. Word Formation (P. 19 ) 1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows and whys 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 20 ) 1) gets by 2) temptation 3) get through