2011年9月中级口译笔试真题完整版（含答案）
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Direction:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
In America there are no nobles or men of letters, and the common folk mistrust the wealthy; Consequently lawyers form the highest political class and the most cultivated circle of society. They have therefore nothing to gain by innovation, which adds a conservative interest to their natural taste for public order. If I were asked where I place the American aristocracy, I should reply without hesitation that it is not composed of the rich, who are united together by no common tie, but that it occupies the judicial bench and the bar.
When I started researching this topic, I found an interesting website “Legal Reform Now”.
As the name suggests, this website is devoted to legal reform and it is definitely concerned about the dominance of lawyers in American government. There I read an article by a political science professor from the university of Wisconsin. One observation the UW article confirms is that the legal profession is the dominant profession of the people re-elect to public office. For example, about half our representatives and two-thirds of our senators are lawyers. No other profession comes close to having the same the number of people in political office. Effectively, lawyers form our nation?s most powerful organized po litical constituency in America. Lawyers make our laws and lawyers interpret our laws. When judges are appointed, the American bar association is the only professional organization that is consulted to rate the fitness of potential judicial appointees. Our nation has been in existence for over 200 years and lawyers have been this nation?s aristocracy since its formation. Our system works, but do we really want to have a single profession in charge of our nation? Specifically, do we want to have the legal profession in charge? Next time you vote, that?s something to think about.
评析：这篇文章是关于律师在美国的地位。律师组成了美国最高政治阶层，以及社会最具有教养的圈子。紧接着作者提到了律师在美国政府中占据统治地位，且自建国以来一直如此。因此律师就成了美国的“贵族”。最后作者提出问题“我们真的想让律师这个职业来管理我们的国家吗?”，呼吁选民在下次的选举投票中三思。
这篇听力材料政治色彩强，材料中的部分单词可能会给考生带来听辨和拼写的难度。难度较大。
cultivated adj 有教养的
innovation n.创新
conservative adj. 保守的
be composed of 由…组成
bench the bar 法官和律师
dominance n 统治地位
representatives n.众议员
senator n 参议员
aristocracy n 贵族
Part B: Listening Comprehension
1. Statements
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. At the annual general meeting, the board chairman of the company outlined the development strategy for the next 5 years.
2. You need n?t notify the maintenance office about the fixing of the faucet in the washroom. I can get Tom to take care of it. He is really handy.
3. Although the accountant promised to help by all he could, the auditor called into question the accuracy of the figures in the books.
4. We have carefully checked your qualifications and decided that we need someone with more office experience. We are sorry for the inconvenience.
5. The sales of Vitamin E, helped by the testimony of health food expert, and a number of leading medical authorities, have doubled in the past 5 years.
6. An average American male is expected to live 75.4 years, while the life expectancy of a female can be 80.4 years.
7. For many people in large cities, the reasons against owning a private car outweigh the reasons for owning one. Therefore, the answer is negative.
8. To believe that our company can be little affected or even immune to the current economic crisis is to ignore the most basic principles of trade and commerce.
9. At college, Betty receives a monthly allowance of $650 from home. She also earns $350 a month in her part-time job. And she spends about 80% of her income for daily expenses.
10. Some businesses, organizations and government agencies provide employees with the opportunities to progress to higher positions with higher salaries. The higher position an individual occupies, the more responsibilities it brings.
Statements
1. 公司董事会主席制定5年计划。句子短，难度也小
2. 注意needn't，与下句I will find... 相呼应，Handy 。难度小
3. 注意although的转折意思。短语call into question表示对...怀疑。难度适中。
4. 拒绝职位申请的通俗表达，没有生僻词。难度小
5. 关于维生素E的销售话题。因为主句间有插入成分，所以难度稍大。主句表达了销量增加的情况，而插入句交待了销量增加的原因。难度适中
6. 讲美国男女平均寿命长度，重点在数字。难度小
7. 讲大城市，人们对私家车的态度比较。注意outweigh。难度小
8. 有关金融危机的话题。关键句型to believe... is to ignore...。immune对...免疫，也就是表示完全不受金融危机影响。
9. 必考的计算题，关键在数字的听写和加减法。难度小。
10. 关于晋升的话题。“能力越强，职位越高，薪水越多，责任越大”
2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Talks and Conversations 1：
WOMAN: Good morning. Mr. Papworth Smith?s surgery.
MAN: Hello, this is William Brown speaking.
WOMAN: Yes, what can I do for you?
MAN: I had an appointment with Mr. Papworth Smith at 10 o?clock this morning, the name is William Brown, and the registration number is 12.
WOMAN: Well, I have found your case history and the registration. You have a broken tooth that needs to be taken care of, right?
MAN: Yes, but I?m sorry, my car broke down on the way, and the guy in the garage said it wouldn?t be ready until about two in the afternoon, and there is no way I can find a taxi or a lift. I am calling from the garage.
WOMAN: You mean you couldn?t keep the appointment?
MAN: I?m afraid not. Can I still see Mr. Smith some other time?
WOMAN: Of course, but you need to make another appointment.
MAN: When? I hope it is today or tomorrow. That broken tooth of mine is really killing me;
I can?t eat or sleep properly.
WOMAN: I see, well, what about tomorrow at nine.
MAN: Oh, that?s fine, thank you very much.
11. Why was the man telephoning?
12. What is Mr. Papworth Smith?
13. At what time was the man?s appointment that day?
14. Which of the following is true about the man?
评析：这是个关于和医生与时间会诊的通话。病人打电话说因为车坏了不能按原定好的时间(10 o?clock this morning)履约，但是病人牙痛确实厉害，想和医生另约时间。最后双方约定时间(tomorrow at nine)。整片材料内容较简单，考生需要熟悉电话交际语的特点，并做好相关信息的笔录。
Talks and Conversations 2
According to the United Nations, a tourist is someone who travels at least 50 miles or 80 kilometers for recreation. In the United States, people love to take trips. They spend more on vacation than anyone else in the world. Many of them take package tours; however, the first vacation package was attributed to an Englishman, names Thomas Cook. In 1841, he took 500 travelers to a nearby town. The price of the tour included a train ticket and a meal along the way. In 1845, Thomas Cook sold the first vacation package tour to Europe. And 1866, his company was organizing trips to the U.S. Today, tourism is a big business. And the tourist industry is crucial to many countries? economy. It is estimated that 80% of jobs in the world, that?s more than 200 million people depend on tourism. Some local governments, like the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, are almost totally depended on visitors. About 95% of the islands income comes from tourism. For other places in the world, tourism is ever growing. It is estimated that by the year 2015, people worldwide will spend some five thousand billion U.S. dollars for vacation abroad. Regions in Asia, the Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa will see the greatest growth.
Q15 What is a package tour?
Q16 According to the talk, who first introduced the package tour?
Q17 Which of the following is true about the British Virgin Islands?
Q18 How much will be spent by people worldwide on vacation in abroad by the year 2015?
本文是说明文，介绍了跟“旅游”相关的诸多内容。涉及到旅游的定义，旅游的发展历史;旅游产业现在的情况以及对2015年旅游业发展的推测。文章本身没有特别生僻的词，但其中涉及到的人名(Thomas Cook)、年份、金额、比例等等是笔记的难点也是考点。
Talks and Conversations 3
W：When are you going to finish that book on American history?
M：Oh, I should get through it sometime this weekend, I guess. Anyway, it was only a week since I borrowed that book from you.
W：Well, if you finish it tonight, I can take it back to the library tomorrow on my way home from work.
M：What?s the hurry? Don?t you have anything else to read?
W：I won?t have anything if I don?t get to the library tomorrow.
M：You read too much.
W：I?d rather read than watch television. The TV programs seem to be getting worse all the time.
M：Well, I don?t think I can re ad that fast, but I do enjoy reading, especially novels and biographies or the like.
W：What do you think about joining a book club? If we join one, we can keep up with all the latest best-sellers.
M：That?s sort of expensive, isn?t it?
W：It isn?t an y more expensive than going to a movie, the way admission prices have gone up, and the new movies don?t seem to be much better than TV.
M：How does the book club work?
W：With the Internet, it?s much easier and faster than it used to be. Once you have gone through the registration online, a catalogue of books will be sent to you every month. And you can choose as many books from it as you want.
M：What do you do if you don?t like any of the books?
W：You have to take four each year. That?s all.
M：What happens if you decide you don?t want a book that they do send you?
W：You can return it.
M：And what about the prices?
W：The books are cheaper than they are in bookstores even with the mailing costs added in.
M：Well, go ahead. Join the book club if you want to.
Q19. What has the man been reading recently?
Q20. Which of the following is true about the woman?
Q21. What does the woman recommend the man to do?
Q22. What does the man suppose to do if he has registered online?
评析：这是篇关于读书和加入读书俱乐部的材料。材料中女生喜欢看书胜过看电视，并提议男生和她一起加入读书俱乐部，这样可以读到最新的书，同时也可以省一笔开支。整体来看难度不大。
Talks and conversations 4
Do you want to improve the first impression you make? Do you want people to consider you as capable as a man working in the same field? As a woman, you have to pay more attention to the impression you?re making, because you have to overcome the initial stereotype that pops up in the other person?s mind “oh, it?s a woman.”
Here are a few tips: If you are entering a room with others, try to walk in first. This makes a powerful impression on the people already in the room. If you are on your own, walking into a room full of people, stand to the side and quickly survey the room to plan where you?ll go. Suppose then, you see a group of higher-ups, you?d better take this opportunity to walk over and ask them a question related to business. If that is something out of your comfort zone, you can approach the group and stand a little outside of their circle and smile. Wait for a low in the conversation, and I bet someone will say hello. Then, you need to know about the handshake, as a woman, you can?t get away with the advice given to man for a powerful handshake. That?s the one where he puts his hand out, palm down and dominates the shake. My advice is for you to be the first one to put your hand out, thumb facing up. It?s important to be the first, because that?s powerful, but more importantly, because men often don?t know if you will be OK with a handshake. Let him know you are, also, face him directly, not at an angle, which looks tentative and unsure. Grip his hand firmly and fully, not any of these fingertips stuff, smile, look in his eyes, and say something.
23. What is the initial stereotype mentioned in the talk?
24. According to the speaker?s advice, what should a woman do if she is entering a meeting room with other people?
25. What?s a woman advised to do if she meets with a group of high-ranking individuals in a room?
26. What should be avoided in a handshake according to the speaker?
这篇文章主要是关于女性在职场上如何能够给人留下较好的初印象，从而改变传统意义上女不如男的偏见。文章条理清晰，分不同情景，给出建议。分别是，1. 与其他人一起进入房间;2. 一个人进入房间;3. 有权贵人士在场;4. 握手时注意事项
Talks and Conversations 5
W: Recently I read a report about the higher education in Britain. It says that only about 10% of our students leave university without getting a degree.
M: That may be true. For me, I am not worried about failing but I am very anxious to get a good degree. My aim is to get a first-class honors degree in chemistry at Cambridge since I have a plan to take up a scientific post in industry. My criterion for choosing a good university is whether it has progressive ideas on education as well as its broader and more varied courses.
M: It wouldn?t work. There will be too many different opinions. Some professors and lecturers are more interested in their own research than in helping students in their studies.
W: Well, there must be some brilliant scholars in the university such as yours.
M: Yes, I still go to classes as well as to lectures, but the most important person in my academic life is my tutor who in Cambridge is called a supervisor. I enjoy my weekly tutorials. My supervisor is an approachable man and he is always ready to talk to me about anything connected with my studies.
W: Haven?t other universities now intro duced some form of tutorial supervision like that at Oxford and Cambridge?
M: Yes, in fact, to be honest, there are universities which offer better courses and give better teaching in some subjects than either Oxford or Cambridge. I think that an Oxbridge degree still counts more with some employers than a degree from other universities. But most of them are now more concerned with the kind of degree than where it comes from.
W: Anyway, at our universities, the personal supervision and friendly relations with the teaching staff are especially good. The lecturer-student ratio is quite reasonable.
M: I am not so sure. But at least we are not over-crowded. I?ve heard that in some foreign universities lecture halls are packed so full that students have no where to sit.
Q 27 What are the man and the woman in the conversation?
Q 28 What?s the woman?s criterion for choosing a good university?
Q 29 Who is the most important person in the man?s academic life?
Q 30 Why is the man complaining about some foreign universities?
评析：这篇对话是关于英国高等教育。通过对话，女主人公阐述了自己择校的标准(whether it has progressive ideas on education as well as its broader and more varied courses)，男主人公则提到了在自己学术生涯中最为重要的一个人(the most important person in my academic life is my tutor who in Cambridge is called a supervisor)，男女主人公海还交流了自己对牛津，剑桥大学的看法。
整体来看，对话取材贴近生活，难度不大。
Part C: Listening and Translation
I. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write
your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. Sydney is a very modern city, but it also has many places of historical interest. In the downtown district, you can still see some old houses that were ever built here.
2. For me, a car is a comfortable way to travel especially in the winter time, if I took a bus or train, I might have to stand in the rain or in the snow.
3. If you work in the United States, you'd better find out the local sports teams, thus you can participate in the almost inevitable discussions about how our team will do this year.
4. I have more than 25 years of editing experience, and have edited over 300 publish novels and text books, I think I'm qualified for the post of editing manager.
5. Traditionally, men have had poor diets, less exercise and smoked more than women, these differences in life style and personal habits help explain why more men than women die of heart disease.
1、悉尼是一座非常现代化的城市，但也有许多历史名胜古迹。在市中心，你依然可以看见许多曾经建造在那里的老房子。
2. 对于我来说，小汽车是方便的出行方式，尤其是在冬天。如果我搭公交车或乘火车，我有可能就要在风雪中站着等了。
3. 如果你在美国工作，你最好找到当地的体育队，这样，你就可以参与进那些几乎不可避免的关于今年我们的队伍该如何表现的讨论。
4. 我有超过25年多的编辑经验，编辑过300多本已出版的小说和教材，我认为我能够胜任编辑经理的职位。
5. 从传统上来看，男性的饮食没有女性饮食健康，比女性运动更少，吸烟也较女性更多，这些生活方式和个人习惯的不同有助于解释为什么男性比女性更易死于心脏病。
评析：
1. 对悉尼城市的介绍。现代城区仍见历史古迹。翻译难度小。
2. 选择car出行的原因，同时也给出了bus和train的弊端。难度小。
3. 在美国工作，也要关注运动队。前两句难度小，但会让考生感觉工作，和当地运动队表现有什么关系?答案就是最后一句，关键词是participate in，discussion，难词：inevitable。
4. 一个应聘主编岗位的经验自述。难度小，但出现了more than和over，所以要注意两个数字翻译的准确性。关键词：editing，post。
5. 男性心脏病发病率高于女性的原因：饮食、锻炼、生活方式、个人习惯。难度适中，注意并列成分的翻译。
II. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
Passage 1
Most people in Britain like drinking tea. Britons drink a quarter of all the tea grown in the world each year. They are the world?s greatest tea drinkers. Many of them drink it on at least 8 different occasions during the day. They drink it between meals and at meals. They drink early morning tea in bed. Some morning tea drinkers have automatic tea-making machines connected to their alarm clocks. They also drink afternoon tea in their sitting room or in their gardens.大多数英国人喜欢喝茶。英国人每年可以喝掉世界
上生产的四分之一的茶叶。他们是世界上茶叶最大的消费人群。许多英国人一天至少喝茶8次。他们在饭前饭后喝茶，早上刚起床就喝茶。一些早上起床喝茶的人们甚至把自己的制茶机和闹钟设定在一起。他们在起居室，或者自己的花园里，也喜欢喝下午茶。
评析：这篇听译中，考生要注意对数字的记忆和理解。难点在后面的3个喝茶时间(tea between meals, morning tea, afternoon tea 的信息捕捉和分析。难度适中。
Passage2
Pollution in today?s world can be in various kinds. Factories pour their wastes into our air and into our rivers and lakes. Noisy trucks and trains pollute in a different way. They may keep us awake at night and even make it hard to think in peace and quiet during the day. Moreover, ugliness surrounds us. There are too few trees, too little grass and too much concrete. The answer, I think, is scientific planning. There must be controlled and sustainable development within our cities. And primary consideration must be the quality of people?s lives.
当今世界的污染有很多种类。工厂把垃圾排到天空，河流和湖泊。嘈杂的卡车和火车以另一种方式污染着这个世界。它们让我们夜不能眠，白天也不能安静地思考。另外，丑陋的事物也存在与我们周围。树木太少，绿草稀缺，到处都钢筋混凝土。我认为，解决之道在于科学规划。我们的城市必须要有可控的，可持续的发展，其首要指标应是人们的生活质量。
评析：这篇听力短文信息量较大，要求考生做好关键信息(pollution，factory. Noisy trucks and trains, ugliness, the answer, scientific planning, controlled and sustainable development, primary consideration)的捕捉，记忆和导出。
SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 MINUTES)
Direction:In this section, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1—5
The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.
In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him. “Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.
The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can?t afford one.
The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the distr ict attorney?s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.
At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.
The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.
(B) The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.
(C) Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.
(D) The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.
2. What follows …in other words? (para.1)?
(A) An example of the previous sentence.
(B) A new idea about the court system.
(C) An item of evidence to call for a trial.
(D) A restatement of the previous sentence.
3. According to the passage, …he can go free? (para.3) means _________.
(A) the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him
(B) the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent
(C) the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not
(D) the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial
4. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?
(A) To pay for the judge and the trial.
(B) To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.
(C) To ensure that the suspect will return to court.
(D) To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
(A) The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.
(B) The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.
(C) It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.
(D) The jury considers the evidence in the court room.
Questions 6—10
So you?ve got an invention—you and around 39,000 others each year, according to 2002 statistics!
The 64,000-dollar question, if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you?ve invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water (not so daft, someone has invented one), is how to ensure you?re the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity. How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense?
One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention. That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years. And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London?s Holborn to try and patent their devices.
The first …letters patent? were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam. The letters, written in Latin, are still on file at the office. They were granted by King Henry VI and entitled Utynam to …import into this country? his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.
Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch. These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.
From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost ￡165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild. That?s if he?s lucky. By no means all who apply to the Patent Office, which is a branch of the Department of Trade, get a patent.
A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge, Principal Examiner (Administration), who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent—…ingenuity?.
6. People take out a patent because they want to __________.
(A) keep their ideas from being stolen
(B) reap the rewards of somebody else?s ingenuity
(C) visit the patent office building
(D) come up with more new devices
7. The phrase …the brain-children of inventors? (para.5) means _________.
(A) the children with high intelligence
(B) the inventions that people come up with
(C) a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis
(D) a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass
8. What have the 1600?s machine gun and the present-day laser in common?
(A) Both were approved by the monarch.
(B) Both were granted by King Henry VI.
(C) Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.
(D) Both were patented.
9. Why is John Utynam still remembered?
(A) He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.
(B) He is the first person to be granted an official patent.
(C) He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.
(D) He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.
10. According to the passage, how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention?
(A) It is rather expensive.
(B) It is an impossible task.
(C) It is extremely difficult.
(D) It is very tricky.
Questions 11—15
All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism. Cereal grains when brought in from the field, although they may appear to be dry, may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more. If they are stored in a bin thus, there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects. These insects will, therefore, live and breed and, as they grow and eat the grain, it provides them with biological energy for their life processes. This energy will, just as in man, become manifest as heat. Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator, the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that, not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat. Sometimes, the temperature may even rise to the point where the stored grain catches fire. For safe storage, grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.
Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways. The plant seeds, wheat, rye, rice, barley millet, maize, are themselves structures evolved by nature to provide stored food. The starch of their endosperm is used for the nourishment of the embryo during the time it over-winters (if it is a plant of the Temperate Zone) and until its new leaves have grown and their chlorophyll can trap energy from the sunlight to nourish the new-grown plant. The separation by threshing and winnowing is, therefore, to some degree part of a technique of food preservation.
The direct drying of other foods has also been used. Fish has been dried in many parts of the world besides Africa. Slices of dried meat are prepared by numerous races. Biltong, a form of dried meat, was a customary food for travelers. The drying of meat or fish, either in the sun or over a fire, quite apart from the degree to which it exposes the food to infection by bacteria and infestation by insects, tends also to harm its quality. Proteins are complex molecular structures which are readily disrupted. This is the reason why dried meat becomes tough and can, with some scientific justification, by likened to leather.
The technical process of drying foods indirectly by pickling them in the strong salt solutions commonly called …brine? does less harm to the protein than straightforward drying, particularly if this is carried out at high temperatures. It is for this reason that many of the typical drying processes are not taken to completion. That is to say, the outer parts may be dried leaving a moist inner section. Under these circumstances, preservation is only partial. The dried food keeps longer than it would have undried but it cannot be kept indefinitely. For this reason, traditional processes are to be found in many parts of the world in which a combination of partial drying and pickling in brine is used. Quite often the drying involves exposure to smoke. Foods treated in this way are, besides fish of various sorts, bacon, hams and numerous types of sausages.
11. According to the passage, insects spoil stored cereals by ________.
(A) consuming all the grain themselves
(B) generating heat and raising the surrounding temperature
(C) increasing the moisture content in the grain
(D) attacking each other for more grain
12. In speaking of the traditional methods of food preservation, the writer ________.
(A) expresses doubts about direct smoking
(B) describes salting and pickling as ineffective
(C) condemns direct drying
(D) mentions threshing and winnowing
13. Direct drying affects the quality of meat or fish because ________.
(A) it exposes them to insects
(B) it makes them hard
(C) it damages the protein
(D) it develops bacteria
14. We can learn from the passage that salting preserves food by ________.
(A) destroying the protein
(B) drawing away moisture from the food
(C) drying the food in the sun
(D) dressing the food
15. According to the passage, partial drying is useful because ________.
(A) it damages the protein less
(B) it can be combined with pickling
(C) it leaves the inside moist
(D) it makes the food soft
Questions 16—20
We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.
Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.
The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.
One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labor? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.
16. The main purpose of automation is _________.
(A) to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled
(B) to process information as fast as possible
(C) to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism
(D) to make an individual man perform many different actions
17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.
(A) their greater speed of operation
(B) their control of the product quality
(C) their conveyor belt system of continuous production
(D) their supervision of industrial installations
18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.
(A) plenty of information
(B) surplus human energy
(C) destructive outbursts
(D) less leisure time
19. Which of the following best explains the use of …stint? (para.4)?
(A) Effort.
(B) Force.
(C) Excess.
(D) Period.
20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
(A) There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.
(B) Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.
(C) The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.
(D) Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.
Questions 21—25
The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches. At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome. The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high. Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones. The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.
Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome. The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream. It dates back at least to the third century B.C. Later the drains were used for sewage, flushed by water from the public baths and fountains, as well as street storm run-off.
The truly surprising aspect of the achievements of all the ancient hydraulic artisans is the lack of theoretical knowledge behind their designs. Apart from the hydrostatics of Archimedes, there was no sound understanding of the most elementary principles of fluid behaviour. Sextus Frontinus, Rome?s water commissioner around A.D. 100, did not fully realize that in order to calculate the volume rate of flow in a channel it is necessary to allow for the speed of the flow as well as the area of cross-section. The Romans? flow standard was the rate at which water would flow through a bronze pipe roughly 4/3 inch in diameter and 9 inches long. When this pipe was connected to the side of a water-supply pipe or channel as a delivery outlet, it was assumed that the outflow was at the standard rate. In fact, the amount of water delivered depended not only on the cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe but also on the speed of water flowing through it and this speed depended on the pressure in the supply pipe.
21. The Romans used all of the following to make water pipes EXCEPT _________.
(A) earth (B) wood (C) copper (D) stone
22. Covered channels were used instead of pipes to supply large quantities of water probably because _________.
(A) the Romans could build them more cheaply
(B) these channels could follow uneven ground more easily
(C) the Romans could not build large pipes
(D) these channels avoided rapid changes of pressure
23. The use of …grace? in line 15 suggests that the aqueducts today are _________.
(A) hideous (B) divine (C) useful (D) attractive
24. In order to calculate the volume of water flowing through a pipe, it is important to know its speed and ________.
(A) the area across the end of the pipe (B) the length of the pipe
(C) the water pressure in the pipe (D) the level from which the water falls
25. The main subject of the passage is concerned essentially with __________.
(A) the classical scientific achievements
(B) the theoretical Greek hydrostatics
(C) the ancient Roman hydraulic system
(D) the early European architectural designing
Questions 26—30
Every day of our lives we are in danger of instant death from small high-speed missiles from space—the lumps of rocky or metallic debris which continuously bombard the Earth. The chances of anyone actually being hit, however, are very low, although there are recorded instances of …stones from the sky? hurting people, and numerous accounts of damag e to buildings and other objects. At night this extraterrestrial material can be seen as …fireballs? or …shooting stars?, burning their way through our atmosphere. Most, on reaching our atmosphere, become completely vaporised.
The height above ground at which these objects become sufficiently heated to be visible is estimated to be about 60-100 miles. Meteorites that have fallen on buildings have sometimes ended their long lonely space voyage incongruously under beds, inside flower pots or even, in the case of one that landed on a hotel in North Wales, within a chamber pot. Before the era of space exploration it was confidently predicted that neither men nor space vehicles would survive for long outside the protective blanket of the Earth?s atmosphere. It was thought that once in space they would be seriously damaged as a result of the incessant downpour of meteorites falling towards our planet at the rate of many millions every day. Even the first satellites showed that the
1997.9 上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 参考答案: SECTION1:LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Diction 1. feel healthy 2. content 3. on average 4. six minutes 5. laugh more 6. 400 times 7. adulthood 8. growing up 9. effects of laughter 10. blood and stomach 11. physical exercises 12. facial and stomach 13. jogging 14. pain relief 15. forty university students 16. funny cassette 17. intended to relax 18. tolerate the discomfort 19. humour 20. immune system Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A D 6-10 D D C B B 11-15 B D A A C 16-20 D A B A D 21-25 B D C A C 26-30 D A C B C Part C: Listening and Translation Ⅰ.Sentence Translation 1.这类独特的酒被认为是世界上最好的一种酒。 2.由于他打算扩店，他开价要买下隔壁的房产。 3.我再也不准备容忍你的无能。你被开除了。 4.会上有人提议在委员会里应该有一位教工代表。 5.“广告”这个词最简单的涵义就是“让某事物引起他人注意”。或者“将某事物告知某人”。 Ⅱ.Passage Translation 1. 请各位注意，图书馆马上就要关门了。请把参考书放回原处，如果要外借备用书籍以 便当夜使用，现在可以办理（手续），多谢各位合作。 2. 30年前，我还是个小孩子的时候，我父亲曾安排我去乡下一个农场过了两个暑假。他 认为那对我有好处，他是对的。那使我懂得了不少有关自立的重要意义。那地方非常偏僻，农场主的地位当时肯定已是二十出头的女儿说她从未离开过家门，也未见过火车。
沪江英语绿宝书之 2011年3月上海中级口译考试 听力原文及解析 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. My topic for today?s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another?s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It?s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, …culture is communication and communication is culture.?
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(4) Questions 16-20 We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men. Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information. The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their
历年上海中级口译听力部分录音文稿（97.3 － 08.9） 97．3 SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation The development of the Space Shuttle has dramatically reduced the cost of sending loads into space. The Shuttle takes off from Earth like a rocket, and lands again like a huge aircraft. It can transport not only its own crew, but also passengers, and has a huge cargo-hold which is capable of carrying large satellites or a space laboratory. Before the Space Shuttle was created, it was necessary to plan trips into space several years in advance. However, for the rest of the century it should be possible to make space flights every week or so. Any scientist or engineer needing to travel into orbit will simply take the next Shuttle flight, stay as long as necessary, and then return at his or her convenience. It is difficult to imagine the immense opportunities created by the Shuttle. One of the great advantages of having a reusable space vehicle is that it can take one load after another into orbit. Very large space stations could not be launched in their complete form directly from Earth, but they could be built piece by piece in space. The Space Shuttle is likely to be used as a general ―workhorse‖ for the rest of this century, and the building of such stations in orbit should become commonplace. Once these huge orbiting space stations are completed, they are likely to become the platforms from which hundreds of robot space ships could be launched cheaply and easily to explore the solar system and to start mining operations on the Moon. The technology needed for this is already developed and available. And because of commercial and military pressures to develop space technology, it is likely that governments will be increasingly willing to start extensive programs of space engineering, exploration and research. Part B: Listening Comprehension Ⅰ. Statements Question No. 1. Jane remained in London for the summer. Question No. 2. Daniel requested that he be transferred to Tokyo to start a new branch. Question No. 3. According to our correspondent, the rain has flooded several areas of South India. Question No. 4. Jason ran across his former college teacher during a business trip to Chicago. Question No. 5. The plane was due at 9：30, but has been delayed half an hour. Question No. 6. I‘d have bought Smith‘s computer if I had known he was selling it. Question No. 7. Please let me know whether you will come to the meeting or not. Question No. 8. May I suggest Friday for our trip to Hong Kong? Question No. 9. We tried to persuade him not to go to Australia, but in vain. Question No. 10. When they were searching the area, the police all but caught the thieves. Ⅱ. Talks and Conversations Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following announcement. This is the final for Olympic Airways to Athens flight number OA260. Any remaining passengers must go immediately to gate 2 where the flight is now closing. Olympic Airways flight number OA 260 closing now at gate 2. Scandinavian Airlines to Stockholm, flight number Sk528 now boarding at gate 4. Passengers to New York. British Airways regret to advise a delay of 35 minutes on their flight number BA175 to New York. That is a delay of 35 minutes on British Airways flight number BA 175 to New York. Austrian Airlines to Vienna, flight number OS455 now boarding at gate 8. Austrian Airlines flight number OS455 boarding now at gate 8. Question No.11. Where is this announcement most probably made? Question No.12. Which of the following statements is true about a about the Qlympic Airways
2013年3月上海中级口译考试翻译真题及答案解析汇总 【原文】 朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。 漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。 【参考译文】 Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China. 【评析】 该篇翻译属于经典话题，类似于上海城市介绍，考生如果熟悉教材，注意积累相关句型词汇，特别是对“朝气蓬勃、充满活力dynamic, diverse and stimulating、缩影epitome、遗迹heritage、城市风貌cosmopolitan feel、万国建筑varied architectural styles”等常考的表达，应该可以顺利取得高分。 If you’ve ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves. They say what they would have done if they had been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a jury reminds me why I can’t tolerate talk radio. We Americans seem to have lost the ability to talk about anything but our own experiences. We can’t seem to generalize without stereotyping or to consider evidence that goes against our own experience. I heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a study that found that exercise reduces the incidence of Alzheimer’s. And caller after caller couldn’t wait to make essentially the opposite point: “Well, my grandmother never exercised and she lived to 95.”We are in an age summed up by the saying: “I experience, therefore I’m right.”Historically, the hallmarks of an uneducated person were the lack of ability to think critically, to use deductive reasoning to distinguish the personal from the universal. Now that seems an apt description of many Americans. 【参考译文】 如果你曾经当过陪审员，你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情：一旦关上了门，所有人就开始谈论他们自己。他们会讨论，如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任陪审员的经历让我明白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的能力。我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行总结，也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。 我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究，该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症（老
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一
中口考试流程
整体思路 一句话概括口译听力训练“听得懂、记得住、写得快” 听得懂 复习思路：听力有效词汇量，熟悉背景知识及常考套路，适应各类发音现象 练习内容：VOA，BBC标准语速及类似难度的听抄与跟读练习，昂立教师博客听抄练习，高级口译笔试听力Q6-10新闻题听抄练习 记得住 复习思路：个人笔记习惯训练，属于自己的笔记符号，以复述强化短期记忆 练习内容： * 0709-0309 10套真题中的Spot Dictation＋Sentence/Passage Translation（中级包括statements，高级包括Note-Taking and Gap-Filling） * 听力教程（Statements＋非对话类的篇章＋Sentence/Passage Translation）（中级包括statements） * 昂立版预测试卷（8套） 写得快 复习思路：强化“在规定时间内写下想表达的大意”，熟练，果断 专项练习 Spot Dictation 复习思路：记录单词快速、准确、精炼，熟悉自己的书写习惯，快速誊写 练习内容：真题（10），昂立版预测试卷（8），听力教程（12/16） 评分标准：20题，每题1.5分，共计30分。只对名、动、形、副词直接扣分，其余错误作标记，统一酌情扣1-3分 17％ of the employees (1.5分) 请对以下答案模拟打分： 卷面回答一：70% of the employees 卷面回答二：17% of employee 卷面回答三：17% of the employers 保底分数：70%，21分 潜力指数：★★★★ 重要性指数：★★★★ 对三类单词的不同处理 本身难度较大的词 synthetic fertilizers, lucrative, discernable, obsolete, dismantling不妨放弃
1上海市英语中级口译证书第二阶段考试试题集锦 (201009) 口语题 Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is…”，”My registration number is…” Topic: Can shopping vouchers increase consumption? Questions for Reference: 1.To stimulate consumption, which is more effective, tax reduction or shopping vouchers? 2.What are the major purposes of issuing shopping vouchers? 3.In what way can the shopping vouchers best be distributes? Shall every citizen be given the same amount of shopping vouchers or should the vouchers be limited to the lower-income people only? 口译题 Part A Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1 As for us Americans, you may think that we give too much importance to individualism and personal gains, so much so that it might sacrifice collective benefits, and even bring harm to the harmony of the society.// Yes, but you don’t have to be worried. American work ethic is more individual-oriented. We often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.// If I am not mistaken, the traditional Chinese work ethic is based on Confucianism, which stresses the benefit of communal harmony rather than individual freedom.// It’s really very hard to say which is better because if the cultural differences. With the economic globalization, cultural exchanges have become more and more extensive and Americans and Chinese will know and understand each other better. 至于我们美国人，你们会感到我们太看重个人主义，太看重个人利益，这样可能会牺牲集体的利益，甚至会损害社会的和谐。// 是的，但你们不必担忧。我们美国人的工作理念更强调个人主义。我们一般重视的是结果和成就，而不是过程。// 如果我没理解错的话，中国传统的够工作理念是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐高于个体自由。// 由于文化差异的存在，真的很难说哪种理念更好。随着经济全球化，文化交流也随之变得越来越广泛，美国人民和中国人民将会更加互相了解和理解。
3月中口笔试真题(1) Part A: Spot Dictation Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Every human being is fallible; we make mistakes. In America when a mistake has been made, it is considered fitting for the person ________ (1) to acknowledge his or her error and to apologize to anyone who has been inconvenienced. Even ________ (2) are expected to admit their mistakes and apologize for them. Trying to ________ (3) a mistake and denying your guilt are considered to be indicative of serious ________ (4). If you make a mistake that ________ (5) a group of people, a public apology is considered the best method for ________ (6). If the mistake was a serious one, or if some people were inconvenienced more than others, then the ________ should follow the public apology with private ones to ________ (8). It is especially important for executives and company heads to be able to admit their mistakes. Sometimes leaders are afraid that if they ________ (9), they will lose the respect of their employees. Actually ________ (10)—if you are honest with your employees and yourself, ________ (11), and show that you are willing to accept blame when you make a mistake, then your employees will be ________ (12) you. They will also be more likely to admit their own mistakes. If you ________ (13) one person, it is usually best to apologize to that person alone, unless your mistake ________ (14) by a large group of people. For example, if
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(5) SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST （1）（30 minutes） Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a house-all these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society. Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study. It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible-indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture. SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST （2）（30 minutes） Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 进入耶鲁大学的校园，看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞，呼吸着书香浓郁的空气，我不由回想起40年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。当年老师们对我的教诲，同学们给我的启发，我至今仍受用不尽。