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介词及介词短语讲解

介词及介词短语讲解
介词及介词短语讲解

Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上”

Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.

①The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。

②The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。

Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.

①Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。

Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。

①The book is on the desk.

②There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。

Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。

①He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。

[注]up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。

①We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。

②The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。

§5accident/incident “事故”

Ⅰ. accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。

①Twenty people were killed in the railway accident

②He met with an accident.这完全是偶然的事。

Ⅱ. Incident 的意思是事件,尤指与较重大的事件相比,显得不重要的事件。它还可以表引起国际争端或战争的事件。

①It is a quite common incident.这是很普通的事。

②The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 芦沟桥事件发生于1937年7月7日。§6accept/receive

Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。

①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

②We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。

Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:

①I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。

②He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。

③He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。

[注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept.

如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。

§7 at hand/ in hand

Ⅰ. at hand“在手边;在附近;即将到来”如:

①When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand.他写东西时,手边总有一本字典。

②Spring is at hand.春天就要来了。

Ⅱ. in hand “在手中的;现有的”引申为:“在掌握中;在处理中”。如:

①I have 100 yuan in hand.我手头有100元钱。

②The police immediately had the situation in hand.警方立即控制了局势。

§8accurate/exact/correct

Ⅰ. accurate “准确、精确”不仅表无错误,且表细心,谨慎地做到符合标准,符合事实或真象。如:

①Clocks in railway stations must be accurate. 火车站的钟必须准确。

②The figures are not accurate.这些数字不精确。

Ⅱ. exact “精确、确切”强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真象,丝毫没有差错。它这三个中语意最强。如:

①His translation is exact to the letter. 他的翻译翻译确切。

②Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很确切。

Ⅲ.correct. “正确”指按照一定的标准或规则,而没有错误。在这有一个词中,它的语意最弱。

①His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。

②The thing turned out to be correct.事情结果是对的。

§9ache/pain “痛”

Ⅰ. ache 通常指一种持续的隐痛。它可以与表身体某部分的词,组成复合词。如:

①Where is the ache? 哪里痛?

②I have a head ache (stomachache, toothache atc).

Ⅱ. pain是普通用语。不含持续痛的意味,尤指一种突然的剧痛。除指肉体上的外,还指精神的痛苦。如:

①I feel a great deal of pain.我感到非常痛。

②He cried with pain. 他痛得直叫。

③I have a pain in the arm. 我手臂痛。

④I have pains all over. 我浑身痛。

⑤It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 听到不幸的消息很悲痛。

§10across/through/ over

Ⅰ. across “横过、穿过”,指从……的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如:

①I swam across the river. 我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸)

②Let’s h elp push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。

Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过,含义与in有关。如:

①We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。

②The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。

Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across.

①She went across / over the bridge.

②He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。

③She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。

④They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。

另外,over作介词还有“翻过……”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。

常用介词短语总结

常用介词短语总结 一、近义介词短语辨析 1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语) 1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系) 2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素 3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿) 4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。 5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。

She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。 Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。 Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。 2. 表示排除 1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式 2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句: They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。 We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。 Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。

英语介词用法大全

英语介词用法大全 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

介词(The Preposition)又叫做前置词,通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词,不需要重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成分,只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。中国学生在使用英语进行书面或口头表达时,往往会出现遗漏介词或误用介词的错误,因此各类考试语法的结构部分均有这方面的测试内容。 1. 介词的种类 英语中最常用的介词,按照不同的分类标准可分为以下几类: (1). 简单介词、复合介词和短语介词 ①.简单介词是指单一介词。如: at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。②. 复合介词是指由两个简单介词组成的介词。如: Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。 ③. 短语介词是指由短语构成的介词。如: In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。 (2). 按词义分类 {1} 表地点(包括动向)的介词。如: About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。 {2} 表时间的介词。如: About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。 {3} 表除去的介词。如: beside , but, except等。 {4} 表比较的介词。如: As, like, above, over等。 {5} 表反对的介词。如: againt ,with 等。 {6} 表原因、目的的介词。如: for, with, from 等。 {7} 表结果的介词。如: to, with , without 等。 {8} 表手段、方式的介词。如: by, in ,with 等。 {9} 表所属的介词。如: of , with 等。 {10} 表条件的介词。如:

常用的介词短语

常用介词短语 1.above构成的惯用短语 above all 尤其是,最重要的是above suspicion 无可怀疑above praise 赞美不尽above criticism 无可指责 above reproach 无可厚非above price 价值连城 above one’s head (understanding) 不可理解above one’s income 入不敷出above the average 超过一般水平be above oneself 兴高采烈 2.after构成的惯用短语 after all 毕竟,到底day after day 日复一日 one after another 接二连三page after page一页又一页地year after year 年年岁岁wave after wave一波又一波地bus after bus 公共汽车一辆又一辆time after time 一次又一次 3.at构成的惯用短语 at the sight of 看到at the news of 听到 at one’s ease/ at one’s leisure 在闲暇时at the thought of 想到 at a draft 一口气at liberty 闲暇,自在,随意at peace 处于和平状态,心情平静at large 详细地 at home 安适at one’s height 登峰造极at stake 在危险中at bay 陷入绝境 at one’s convenience 在某人方便时at the end of在…结尾,在…末端 at rest 长眠,静止at a loss 迷茫 at sea 茫然at fault 迷惑 at one’s will 随意at command 依…的命令 at random 随意地at intervals 时时 at one’s mercy 任人支配,有人摆布at expense of 以…为代价 at dusk 黄昏at one’s service 乐意帮助 at length 终于at hand 不远,在身边 at least 至少at the risk of 冒险 at half price of 半价at any rate 至少,无论如何 at most 至多at cost 照原价 at a loss 亏本at a bargain 廉价 at full speed 以全速at a profit 获利 at the risk of 冒…的危险at the point of 就要 4.beyond构成的惯用短语 beyond words 难以言喻beyond all hope 毫无希望

初中英语常用介词短语

初中英语常用介词短语 1)at once 立刻 2)at last 最后 3)at first 起先,首先 4)at the age of…在……岁时 5)at the end of…在……之末 6)at the beginning of…在……之初 7)at the foot of…在……脚下 8)at the same time 同时 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助 11)with the help of …在……的帮助下 12)with a smile 面带笑容 13)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 14)after a while 过了一会儿 15)from now on 从现在起 16)from then on 从那时起 17)far example 例如 18)far away from 远离 19)from morning till night 从早到晚 20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空邮件 22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 24)by the way 顺便说 25)by the window 在窗边 26)by the end of…到……底为止 27)little by little 逐渐地 28)in all 总共29)in fact 事实上 30)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31)in a hurry 匆忙 32)in the middle of 在……中间 33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快 34)in time (on time) 及时 35)in public 公众,公开地 36)in order to 为了…… 37)in front of 在……前面 38)in the sun 在阳光下 39)in the end 最后,终于 40)in surprise 惊奇地 41)in turn 依次 42)of course 当然 43)a bit (of) 有一点儿 44)a lot of 许多 45)a little 一点儿 46)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上 47)on foot 步行,走路 48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 50)at/on the weekend 在周末 51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52)on the other side of 在……另一边 53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54)to one's joy 使……高兴的是 55)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是 初中课本中常见介词短语分类列举 1.表示时间的介词及介词短语 in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until,by,in the middle of,at the beginning of,at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise,in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of。 2.表示地点的介词及介词短语 in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across,off,down,among,past,between,out of,around,in the front of,in the middle of,at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky,on the ground,in a tree,in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one’s way home,by the side of。 3.介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语 1).介词与动词搭配 arrive in/at到达 ask for要,请求 do well in在……方面做得好 give in投降 go on继续 hear from收到……来信 hear of听说 help's B.with sth.帮助……做 laugh at嘲笑 learn from向……学习

介词与连词讲解与练习(答案)

介词 常用介词: in 2012,in October, in spring, in the morning, in the afternoon,in the evening 2、有了表示日期的词以后,就要改用on (on总是与日子有关,具体到某一天,人命关on天) on the 1st of October, On the 20th of October,on Monday,on Monday morning 3、在午间,在夜间,在开始,在末尾时要用at at noon,at night,at the beginning,at the end,at the weekend,at Christmas(on Christmas Day,on Christmas Eve) 4、at + 时刻表示钟点。At 9 o’clock 5、注意in time及时和 on time 准时的区别 …to…表示一段时间,从何时到何时。 二、表示地理位置的in, on, to in+方位词,表示在某范围内。如中国在亚洲的东部。 on+方位词,表示与其接界。如Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu。山东位于江苏之北。 to+方位词,指在某环境范围之外。如Taiwan lies to the east of Fujian。台湾在福建之东。 三、表示地点的at,in,on 1、at 常指小地方,及具体的地点连用。at the gate在门口,at the table在桌旁,at Dalian Statium在大连体育馆 in 一般指大地方,及泛指的地点连用。in Beijing在北京in the sky在天空in American、in a university 四、表示空间:on 和beneath,above和below,over和under的区别 above在…(偏)上方,表示两者不接触,与below(在…下面)相对。 on在…上,表示两者接触,与beneath(在…下)相对。 over 在…正上方,表示两者垂直,但是不接触,也可指“笼罩、覆盖在上面”与under(在…正下方)相对。 五、.behind表示“在……的后面”,其反义词组“in front of”表示“在……的前面”,注意与in the front of 的区别。 We must keep our hands behind our backs.我们必须一直把手放在背后。 I was walking down the street when a friend stood in front of me.当一个朋友站在我面前时,我正沿着街道散步。 There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.。教室的前面是黑板.

英语介词的分类及用法

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