Unit 6 网上商务
Background knowledge
Electronic business
Definition
Electronic Business, or "e-Business", may be defined broadly as any business process that relies on an automated information system. Today, this is mostly done with Web-based technologies. The term "e-Business" was coined by Lou Gerstner, CEO of IBM.
Electronic business methods enable companies to link their internal and external data processing systems more efficiently and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and partners, and to better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers.
In practice, e-business is more than just e-commerce. While e-business refers to more strategic focus with an emphasis on the functions that occur using electronic capabilities, e-commerce is a subset of an overall e-business strategy. E-commerce seeks to add revenue streams using the World Wide Web or the Internet to build and enhance relationships with clients and partners and to improve efficiency using the Empty Vessel strategy. Often, e-commerce involves the application of knowledge management systems.
E-business involves business processes spanning the entire value chain: electronic purchasing and supply chain management, processing orders electronically, handling customer service, and cooperating with business partners. Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the exchange of data between companies. E-business software solutions allow the integration of intra and inter firm business processes. E-business can be conducted using the Web, the Internet, intranets, extranets, or some combination of these.
Subsets
Applications can be divided into three categories:
1. Internal business systems:
⊙customer relationship management
⊙enterprise resource planning
⊙document management systems
⊙human resources management
2. Enterprise communication and collaboration:
⊙V oIP
⊙content management system
⊙voice mail
⊙Web conferencing
3. Electronic commerce:
business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B) or business-to-consumer electronic commerce (B2C) ⊙internet shop
⊙supply chain management
⊙online marketing
Models
When organizations go online, they have to decide which e-business models best suit
their goals. A business model is defended as the organization of product, service and information flows, and the source of revenues and benefits for suppliers and customers. The concept of e-business model is the same but used in the online presence. The following is a list of the currently most adopted e-business models:
⊙E-shops
⊙E-procurement
⊙E-malls
⊙E-auctions
⊙Virtual Communities
⊙Collaboration Platforms
⊙Third-party Marketplaces
⊙Value-chain Integrators
⊙Value-chain Service Providers
⊙Information Brokerage
Classification by provider and consumer
Roughly dividing the world into providers/producers and consumers/clients one can classify e-businesses into the following categories:
⊙business-to-business (B2B)
⊙business-to-consumer (B2C)
⊙business-to-employee (B2E)
⊙business-to-government (B2G)
⊙government-to-business (G2B)
⊙government-to-government (G2G)
⊙government-to-citizen (G2C)
⊙consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
⊙consumer-to-business (C2B)
Reading Skill Focus
1. I found, to my surprise, that the real key to writing a good paper is to have a passion for the things about which you are writing.
2. From these statistics and from personal experience it is evident that no one is unaffected by cancer.
3.There are many stereotypes about the character of people in various parts of the United States.
4. D
Comprehensive Reading
大家e起来上网购物
1 即使是最狂热的购物者也有出师不利的日子：你找不到想买的东西，每个在你后面的人都好像故意要撞你，而你的双腿从臀部痛到脚趾。这些时候，以便利而广受赞誉的网上购物听来是个更好的选择。
2 但是就像在现实世界买廉价品的购物者一样，网上购物者也应该明白，在享有电子商务方便省事的同时，也要承担风险。通常最令人担忧的是无法看见在另一端进行交易的对象。到网上购物的人仅仅带着信用卡，其余都得凭想象，因此必须遵循某些原则。
3 了解交易的对象是网上购物的金科玉律。第一步是确定对方是合法的公司，销售方式叙述详尽，并有安全措施，而进入这种网站应该相当容易。
4 买方也应该仔细留意交易的条款及条件，例如是否要负担额外的运送费。当然，最重要的是该公司必须保证能对消费者的个人资料和信用卡号码进行保密。否则，最后你被收取的费用可能会高出你的意料。
5 并非所有的网上交易都通过虚拟商店来完成。网络上的拍卖运作方式大抵与一般的拍卖无异，但有更长的拍卖期限。交易物品的信息会登在举办拍卖的网站，每个人都可以在规定期限内竞标。顺利得标者会以电子邮件通知，再依事先约定的方式付款及取货。
6 举办拍卖的网站有两种：企业对人的交易及人对人的交易。前者，网站拥有待价而沽的物品并收取拍卖所得；后者则只提供卖方直接销售物品给顾客的方法。
7 对其他形式的网络购物来说，信用卡是最安全且最方便的付款方式，但在人对人的交易中，卖方可能不愿意接受这种方式，而要求买方先行付清货款或支票才交货。在这种情况下，某些网站会建议使用一种“委托契约”（由第三者负责整件交易）的模式，另加收约货品价格5%的费用。
8 几乎所有商品都能在网上购得，只要处理得当，网络购物会是除了在商家间奔波之外的另一个令人满意的选择。所以，安靠椅背，开机上网！要锻炼身体，请去健身房报到吧！
Language points
1. e-commerce: the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet电子商务
E.g. E-commerce has been a burgeoning industry in last five years.
电子商务在近五年来蓬勃发展。
I am excited and interested in the idea of developing business relationships through
e-commerce. 我对通过电子商务发展商业关系的理念很感兴趣。
2. auction: An auction is the process of buying and selling goods by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the winning bidder. 拍卖是一种通过众多买主的竞价，实现现货交易的一种买卖方式。
E.g. How much did the painting go for at the auction?
这幅画在拍卖中值多少钱?
At the art auction, Van Gogh’s paintings were considered to be the cream of the crop and received the highest bids.
在艺术品拍卖会上，梵高的油画被认为是最出众的，拍卖价格也最高。
3. make a bid: to make an offer of a particular amount of money for something which is for sale
竞标，投标，出价
E.g. No other buyers make bid higher than this price.
没有别的买主的出价高于此价。
Information about items for sale is posted on an auction site and anyone can make a bid within the stipulated time.
交易物品的信息会登在举办拍卖的网站上，任何人都可以在规定期限内竞标。
4. bidder: someone who offers to pay a particular amount of money for something that is being sold 投标人，出价者
E.g.Allocation by auction, to the highest bidder, a more traditional free market approach,
would also undermine state control.
通过拍卖，分配给出价最高者，这种更加传统的自由市场方式，也会破坏州控制。
5. a cashier’s check: a check (also known as a cashier's cheque, bank check, official check, teller's check, bank draft or treasurer's check) guaranteed by a bank. A cashier’s check is usually treated as cash since most banks clear it instantly. It is also check which cannot bounce because its face amount is paid to the bank when it is issued, and the bank then assumes the obligation. 银行本行支票，银行本票，即期支票
银行本票是由银行从其自己的资金中提取并由该银行出纳员签字的支票。由于保证受款人一定可以从开票银行领到那笔款项，通常金额比较大的交易会要求用银行本票（例如：买车）。银行本票上会打上受款人的名字。收费一般在十元以下。银行本票和汇票的汇兑方式一样，当你要汇兑时，银行会先托收你的支票，等你的银行向开立该支票的外国银行收款后，再将金额汇入你的账户。请注意，兑换银行支票，卖家需支付银行手续费和电汇费。
E.g. Only cash, Money Order, Cashier's Check is acceptable.
请以现金、汇票、银行本票付费。
I have a cashier's check for $1000. I guess I need to endorse it.
我带了一张1,000元的银行开出的支票。我想我必须在后面背书。
Cashier’s check fraud is one of the most popular crimes in the internet age.
银行本票欺诈是互联网时代最常见的犯罪行为之一。
6. escrow: an agreement between two people or organizations in which money or property is kept by a third person or organization until a particular condition is completed 附条件委托契约由第三者保存、待条件完成后即交受让人的契约或证书，附条件交付契据，待完成的担保证书，第三者保存的契据。从定义来看，escrow 最基本的意思就是“委托管理”，也就是说经过第三者(基本性质是公证人)来完成一个愿望。最基本的“委托管理”需求环境是必须要有一个“给方”, 一个“受方”, 和一个受方必需符合的“条件”(由给方规定；也有例外，如给方已去世，可能由法庭规定)。
根据《韦伯国际字典》的解释，Escrow：A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee，指一种代管契约，由第三人保管某特定文件、契约、金钱、证券或其他财产，当特定条件成就或法律事件发生时，该第三人即将其保管物交给特定之人。
课文中“escrow service”主要指网上交易过程中的委托服务。就互联网escrow交易方式而言，在网上提供escrow服务的经营者接受网络商家与消费者的委托，收取消费者交付的货款，即通知网络商家发出商品；在消费者收到商品后，在验货后无退货要求，网上escrow经营者再将货款转交给网络商家。另一方面，如果消费者未如期交付货款时，网上escrow经营者将不通知网络商家发出商品，也不会“代消费者交付货款”。
E.g. The money was placed in escrow. 这笔钱暂交第三方保管。
Details of the escrow agreement haven’t yet been finalized.
第三者保管契约的细节尚未最后定下来。
Where the subject matter is not fit for escrow, or the escrow expenses will be excessive, the obligor may auction or liquidate the subject matter and place the proceeds in escrow.
标的物不适于提存或者提存费用过高的，债务人依法可以拍卖或者变卖标的物，提存所得的价款。
Notes
1. (Para. 6) In the former, it is the Web site that has possession of the goods on sale and accepts payment for them, whereas a person-to-person auction site merely provides a means by which sellers can sell their goods directly to customers.
此句中，“the former”指代“business-to-person auction”。连词whereas表示的是一种对比关系，说明“business-to-person auction”和“person-to-person auction”两者之间的不同。在“whereas”引出的并列句中还包含一个定语从句，其中，“means”作为定语从句的先行词，介词“by”提到关系代词“which”前面，可以按照“sellers can sell their goods directly to customers by a means provided by a person-to-person auction site”
来理解这个并列句。
Answer the Following Questions
1、3略
2. Online shopping procedure: Choose your products; add to shopping cart; enter your shipping information; pay by credit card; receive purchase confirmation; finish.
After you make your purchase, the system will confirm the transaction through e-mail. Comprehension Check
Part 1
c—f—a—d—b—e
Part 2
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. T
Vocabulary Check
Part 1
1. bargain
2. workout
3. bumped into
4. Log on
5. has bid
6. practically
7. guarantees
8. rewarding
Practical Reading
1. Sign in for your status
2. Place Bid
3. Click th e “Watch this item” button.
4. 100% Positive.
5. Click “Read feedback comments”
6. Yes.
7. $125 Language points
1. online auction
网络拍卖（Auction Online）是通过因特网进行在线交易的一种模式，最早开始于1995年，美国的小程序员皮尔·欧米达（Pierre Omidyar）建立起一个小网站，他最初建立这个网站是为了向人们提供变种的埃博拉病毒代码。后来他在网站上加了一个小的拍卖程序，利用这个功能帮助他的女朋友和其他的人交换各自的收藏品。因为网站上的拍卖发展得十分迅速，一年后他辞职并开始创建发展网络拍卖业务，于是就诞生了现在全球网络拍卖的巨头——eBay。
E.g. Selling your things is easy at online auction. 在网上拍卖东西很容易.
One of the most popular sites offering online auction for buying and selling goods online is eBay, which manages online auctions and provides sale and purchase of products and services around the world.
在众多提供网上拍卖进行商品买卖的网站中，eBay是最受欢迎的，主要管理网上拍卖并提供世界范围内的商品和服务交易。
2. an English auction: in an English auction (also called an Open-outcry auction), the auctioneer begins the auction with the reserve price (lowest acceptable price) and then takes larger and larger bids from the customers until no one will increase the bid. The item is then sold to the highest bidder. 英式拍卖
a Dutch auction: a type of auction where the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price, or a predetermined reserve price (the seller's minimum acceptable price) is reached. The winning participant pays the last announced price. 荷兰式拍卖
3. Treasury bills: Treasury bills, or T-bills, are sold in terms ranging from a few days to 26 weeks. Bills are sold at a discount from their face value. 国库券
美国国库债券之一，以拍卖方式折价出售，期限不超过一年，以三个月最为普遍。美国国库券亦简称T-bills，指一年或一年以内到期的公债，通常发行期间为52天、91天或182天，到期前不付息。Treasury notes及Treasury bonds为较长期的美国公债，每半年按固定的票面利率付息一次，到期偿还本金。Treasury notes的年期为一年以上，10年以内，而Treasury bonds则是10年以上。其他国家在bills，notes及bonds的年期划分上可能各有不同。
E.g. Treasury bills represent the simplest form of borrowing: the government raises money by
selling bills to public.
国库券代表借款的最简单形式：政府通过向公众出售国库券筹集资金。
T-bills with initial maturities of 91 days or 182 days are issued weekly.
初始期限为91天或182天的国库券每周发行。
Fast Reading
对Google的狂热
1 22年前一个年轻人离开了家乡，他是一个不常写信的人，过了一段时间他就不写信了，整整六年的时间他的家人都没有收到他的消息。后来，他的姐姐在网上的Google 搜索引擎里输入了他的名字，她发现：“他就在巴西的一个保龄球队。”现在他们经常通信和交换照片。
2 谁知道巴西保龄球联盟有网站？Google知道。因为Google知道，或几乎知道所有的东西。
3 这个名字来自于“google”，一个数学术语表示1后面跟着100个0。它的意思是“远远多于宇宙里的所存在的东西。”Google人选择它是因为他们想要整理网上的所有数据。
4 Google始建于1998年，当时两个26岁的青年，瑟盖·布林和拉里·佩奇在一间狭小的办公室里成立了公司。现在他们在加利福尼亚州山景路的一栋大楼里办公，他们的地区办公室遍布全球。Google已经成为最好最成功的搜索引擎。
5 Google的新闻报道链接了全世界4,500个新闻来源。在电脑屏幕上它看上去特别像一个新闻网页，有图片也有大标题，当报纸和广播更新网页内容，Google也随之更新。如果一篇报道在很多报纸上都被置于突出位置，那么它在Google上也会继续存在。电脑每分钟都在更新网页和整理相关报道，同时替换掉一些其他新闻。不是由人类编辑决定要强调什么。这听起来好象很荒谬，但这一点都不赖。
6 但是Google很爱自夸。它总是在告诉你它有多么快，快到不可思议。如果你在Google上搜索“中国考古”，它会搜到29,400个链接，并补充道：“搜索用时0.14秒。”
7 另一个问题是，相同的名字经常会使Google很困惑。它无法自动区分20世纪的画家弗朗西斯·培根和17世纪的哲学家弗朗西斯·培根。有时候Google显得有点傻。
8 由于“去Google”已经成为语言中的一个动词，对于某些人来说，Googling已经成为了一个道德问题。一位女士给纽约时报的伦理学家兰迪?科恩写信，讲述一个朋友发生的事。这个朋友曾经与一名医生约会，在她回家后就在Google上搜索他的信息，结果发现他曾经有几次因治疗不当而遭到起诉。这位女士问科恩，做这样的事是不是不够正当，他回答说这是正当的，而且他自己也这样做过。科恩说，这位女士在Google 上的搜索，就如同向朋友们打听这个人的情况，没什么问题。
9 你厌倦Google了吗？恐怕那些厌倦了Google的人也厌倦生活了吧。
Notes
1. (Para. 3) The name comes from “google”, the mathematical term for a 1 follow ed by 100 zeros.
the mathematical term…是“google”的同位语。
2. (Para. 6) Ask it for information on Chinese archaeology and it gathers 29,400 links, adding: “search took 0.14 seconds.”
连词and此处的意思是“那么，则”，连接两个分句，后一分句表示前一分句的结果；adding…为现在分词短语作状语，动作的逻辑主语是it。
3. A woman wrote to Randy Cohen, the New York Times ethicist, about a friend who had gone out with a doctor and then Googled him when she got home, discovering that he had been involved in several malpractice suits.
the New York Times ethicist作Randy Cohen的同位语，about与前面的动词wrote搭配，a friend作介词about的宾语，who引导定语从句修饰a friend，discovering…为现在分词短语作状语，动作的逻辑主语是who。
Comprehension Check
1.A
2.A
3.B
4.D
5.A
6.D
7.A
8.B Supplementary Reading
电子商务
1 电子商务让经营者与世界各地的客户进行直接交流成为可能。每一个上网的人都是潜在客户。这不仅改变了销售商品的方式，同时也改变了经营活动的方式。电子零售是电子商务的一个典型范例。
2 电子商务的革命始于https://www.doczj.com/doc/c817886899.html,的企业家杰夫·贝佐斯。https://www.doczj.com/doc/c817886899.html,是一个既有实体企业又提供网络服务的公司。事实上，https://www.doczj.com/doc/c817886899.html,是一家著名且信誉度极高的电子零售商。E-tail就是电子零售。企业通过网络来销售产品。电子商务的主要活动就是进行商品和服务的交易。任何公司都可以上网销售任何产品。
3 JCPenney，一家大型商场，在店内销售商品的同时，也通过邮件和网络进行销售。这类公司被称为多渠道零售商，因为它们采取不同的方式来销售商品。公司企业通常将它们的商店和仓库称为“红砖与灰泥”，指的是它们需要用建筑材料来建造；而同时也利用网络销售的公司则被称为“网络与实体”经营。
4 电子商务使电子零售商给消费者邮寄产品目录更为简单易行，对于那些进行大量邮购生意的公司这更为有用。不通过邮局来邮寄，而是在网上刊登产品目录能为这些公司节省大量的印刷费和邮费。
5 作为消费者，电子商务对你有什么益处呢？以下就是：
6方便你可以不用去商店，在家就能购物。网络从来不会关闭，你每时每刻都能上网购物。如果你需要或想买一件东西却没有交通工具，那么你就上网购买，这很方便。
7 多种选择在网上销售产品的公司数量众多，这给了你更多的选择，而且让你能够更容易地比较价格。有一些网络销售公司允许你下载音乐，电子游戏或电影预告片。查询网址就可以比较和对比货物，比如https://www.doczj.com/doc/c817886899.html,。在购买新车或二手车之前，你可以在网上查到很多公司来搜寻所有有关交易的问题。
8 另一方面，电子零售也有其缺点，包括：
9购买力网上购物很容易超支。如果你不够细心，就有可能错误地订购某些商品。
10其他费用因为大多数网上销售的商品都是邮寄的，你就必须付邮费，通常还要交税。交易和退货的费用有可能比在商店购买商品时贵。
11 即时性虽然网上购物很方便，但多数商品你都得等上一段时间才能收到。（当然，除非你住在纽约，Barnes & Noble网络销售会在你订书的同一天送货上门。）12依赖于观察图片买沙发时除非你坐在沙发上去感受一下，否则你很难确切地知道你是否喜欢它。买衣服，CD，或书籍时也是一样。网上购物要求你只能依靠图片和描述，而不能实际触摸你想买的东西。
Notes
1. (Para. 4) Putting catalogs on the Internet rather than shipping them by mail saves a lot of money in printing and mailing costs.
现在分词短语“Putting…shipping…”做主语，谓语动词用单数。
Language points
1. e-tail: a way of selling products by using the Internet 电子零售
E.g. There is a very severe over-supply of retail outlets now. Strip malls keep getting built,
regional malls are expanding, and e-tail sellers are popping up everywhere.
目前，零售店铺越来越多，导致严重的供过于求。商场地带不断地建造起来，区域商场日益扩张，电子零售商无处不在。
2. a multi-channel retailer: 多渠道零售商
从邮购到网络，接着运用电话销售，团队销售再将营销方式扩充到实体门店及计划中的电视购物，多渠道零售商将各种方式结合，追求更高的零售利润。
E.g. More and more retailers are realizing the benefits of multi-channel retailing.
越来越多的零售商获益于多渠道零售。
The underlying assumption is that multi-channel retailers align their on-line activities with their general marketing strategy.
基本假定前提是多渠道零售商利用其惯常的行销策略来推广在线活动。
3. a click-and-mortar company：Bricks-and-clicks is a business model by which a company integrates both offline (bricks) and online (clicks) presences. It is also known as click-and-mortar or clicks-and-bricks, as well as bricks, clicks and flips, flips referring to catalogs.“网络与实体”(虚实结合型)公司
E.g.An electronic enterprise is a business that exchanges value electronically. While the
execution might still require physical fulfillment—delivering a book, for example—the digital network and electronic interchange will form key components of the exchange.
Hence the reference to these businesses as “click-and-mortar” businesses, as opposed to traditional “brick-and-mortar” ones.
电子企业就是通过电子方式进行价值交换的企业。整个交易过程也许还需要一些实际活动，例如送书，但数码网络和电子交易在整个买卖中占有极重要的成分。因此，将这类企业称为“网络与实体”型企业，以区别那些传统的“红砖与灰泥”型企业。Comprehension Check
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.A
9.B 10.D Vocabulary Check
Part 1
1.H
2.D
3.B
4.I
5.A
6.E
7.F
8.J
9.C 10.G
Part 2
1.A
2.B
3.B
4.B.
5.A
商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2
商务英语翻译试题（二） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) promote A. to encourage the popularity, sale or development B. to change or vary C. to act as judge in an argument D. to speak or write to someone (2) to address A. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone. B. to offer, supply C. to stipulate D. to come up with ideas (3) to indemnify A. to pay for the damage B. to state something officially C. to suggest an idea D. to use something instead of another (4) to cancel an order A. to confirm an order B. to deliver a letter C. to recommend a candidate D. to make void or of no effect (5) ceiling A. upper limit B. cancellation C. bottom D. the lowest point (6) tide over A. to help sb. during a period of difficulty B. to spend a lot of time doing C. to tie to sth. D. to try one’s best (7) carry out A. to take away B. to perform or complete C. to give or offer something D. to suggest an idea (8) to complicate A. to finish something B. to be dissatisfied with something C. to make something more difficult to deal with D. to compare with something (9) to put on an event A. to come up with ideas B. to come on for sth. 2
1 你什么时候要货呢？When do you want the goods? 2 货送到哪里去？Where shall we deliver the goods? 3 有没有送货地点的名片？Do you have card of delivery address. 4 你拿多点数量可以便宜点。We can lower the price, if you take more. 5 这个很便宜了，我都算批发价价格给你了。This is cheap, it is whole sale price. 6 先生（女士），等一下，我看最低能多少钱给你。 Wait a minute, Sir/ Madam, 7 这种款式没货了，这种质量和那种是一样的，价格也一样。 This style is out of stock. This one and that one are the same quality, same price. 8 还需要点别的什么东西吗？Do you want any others? 9 要好点的还是便宜的？Want goods products or cheap one? 10 你要多少米的？How long do you want? 11 算了，给你了。下次多点来关顾。OK, hope you can come again next time. 12 等一下，他去仓库拿货给你看。 Wait a minute. He is going to the warehouse to take the goods. 13 保修一年one year warranty 14 一年内是质量问题可以拿回来换。 If there is quality problem, take it back, we replace it. 15 我怎么联系你呢？How can I contact with you? 16 这个数量太少了。能不能订多点呢? Your order is too small, can you order more? 17 我有便宜点的。I have cheaper one. 18 这个一扎是50米。50 meters, a bundle 19 你要多大的？小一点的就便宜点。 What size do you want? The smaller, the cheaper. 20 拿这种就便宜点，一样大小的，牌子不同。 This one is cheaper, the same size, different brand. 21 这种款式要多少个？How many do you want of this style? 22 等一下，我上二楼拿给你。Wait a minute. I am going upstairs to take it. 23 不行，这个价格我们要亏本的。Sorry, for this price, we will lose money. 24 你还要多点吗？Do you want some more? 25 我们的仓库不远，很快就到了。Our warehouse is not far, we will arrive soon. 26 这么慢，来了没有？再不来我就走了。----很快就来了，再等三分钟。 We have been staying here for a long time. When will he come? If no, we will go. Wait more 3 minutes. 1 请问要多少卷？How many rolls do you want? 2 你的货是自己带走，还是要送? You want us to deliver goods or take by yourself? 3 是货到付款，还是现在支付？ Cash on delivery (COD), or on-site payment 4 如果要送货，运费由你出。 You should pay for the cost of delivery if you want. 5 你想要买什么电器？What electronic equipment do you want to buy? 6 这个款式很畅销。This style sells very well.
I can't believe it!Right in the middle of our conversation,Peter turned around abruptly and walked out of the room! C.suddenly突然的 The doctor said that there was only a slim hope of survival for the people in the air crash. D.very little微弱的 7 Unlike the well-mannered John,Jim was rather uncouth. A.rude粗鲁的 Jack is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal,he won't give it up easily. resolute:坚决的 The results of the competition excedded our expectations. 超过 The author tried to interpret a difficult problem in a simple way to the readers. 解释 The company was sold according to the evaluation of its assets. 计算 They exaggerated the enemy's losses and understated their own. 没有如实地陈述 Her work is sometimes good,but the problem is she's not consistent. 一致的 The subsidiary company is operated by a young manager appointed by the board of directors. 属附公司 Canada is a bilingual country where two languages are used officially. 双语的 He had the ability to write fluent and idiomatic English. 习语的 The number of employees in the company has trebled over the past decade. 雇员 They have published a lot of new books on international issues. 发行 I will have to consult my lawyer before I can give you an answer on that. 就诊 I'd appreciate it if you let me get on with my job. 感谢 Company sales improved dramatically following a ＄2 million marketing campaign. 市场营销His parents are quite well-off;they've just bought him a new car for his birthday. 富有的 Please describe the operation of the system in unprofessional language so that
商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended
without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.
商务英语翻译的实训报告的心得体会总结高职高专教育培养的是技术应用型人才,学校为了培养我们学生的创新精神和实践能力，提高我们的综合素质。故进行为期一周的实训，在实训中互相学习和进步。在校期间，一直忙于理论知识的学习，没能有机会走出校园，真正切身感受本专业的实际应用。- 模拟招聘会- 1、在看完有关招聘视频后，进行招聘模拟。在面试过程中，面对考官的各种提问，一些关于专业的知识时，觉得自己的硬件掌握不到位。有时会有一些考验自己反应程度、灵敏度的问题，这时要靠自己平时积累的素养。自己的简历及面试表现给自己提出了很多可实施性建议，如，简历的排版、内容，自己的性格缺点、较好的职业倾向等等。- 2.熊老师给我们讲解了有关招聘方面的知识。步入社会时才能从容不迫，在求职者中脱颖而出！面对竞聘的滚滚硝烟和层出不穷的招聘方式，要想笑傲职场，就要未雨绸缪、赢在起点。- 商务礼仪- 1、在听完Erick的讲述，我们了解了商务活动礼仪，规范树立企业良好形象塑造员工职业素质运用有效的沟通技巧处理商务活动中的人际关系改善服务形象提高服务能力，掌握基本的商务礼仪及正确的商务礼仪技职业形象决
定职业生涯，职业形象决定人生命运。随着人们日常交际的频繁，在商务活动、公务活动、社交活动中越来越重视交往的细节，也许一个微小的细节决定了一个人的第一印象。如何提高自己在别人心目中的地位，如何通过你完美的职业形象使你拥有成功的事业和幸福的人生。了解掌握商务礼仪是非常重要的。- 与我们进行互动游戏，角色扮演，在生活中不同的位置，树立正确的职业意识，塑造完美的职业形象，在提高个人职业形象的基础上完善公司的商务形象。掌握并正确运用职场常用礼仪，纠正不良习惯；掌握商务沟通中的行为礼仪。- (三)国际贸易流模拟- 1、在这次实训中我们要做以下几个外贸方面的单证：合同. 装箱单. 发票.保险单.还盘等。- 2、在做进出口业务时这几种外贸单证是最常见的，也是必不可少的。交易双方往往都要以这些单证来确定交易的事宜。虽然说这几个单证的制作不是很复杂,但是通过在实训时，你可以发现这些对人的专业和办事的仔细程度是有很大的要求的。- 3、在这整个实训过程中我们制作和填写了商业发票,装箱单以及合同，合同中的条款和内容必需是一致的,为了防止错列.漏列等问题。在填写这些时要特别细心,注意日期是否正确。在做单时是不允许有任何差错的。从本次实训的整
试卷号： ********学院20**学年度第1学期 期末考试试卷 考试年级 13.14.15 专业商务英语科目商务英语翻译出卷老师 ***** 试题号一二三四总分 得分 一请将下列合成词译成汉语:（1* 15=15） 1. free-spender 2. good--to—excellent care 3. office-bearer 4 . character-building 5 Bad news travels quickly. 6 knock-out system 7 marriage lines 8 nest egg 9 off-hour hobby 10 off-the-job training 11 on-the-job training 12 on-the-spot broadcasting 13 pension insurance
14 red-hot news 15 red-letter day 二下面的句子可采用增减词法来翻译,请写出具体的增词法或具体的减词法:（2*5=10）1.Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes. 2. I could knit when I was seven. 3. The day when he was born remains unknown. 4.We live and learn. 5.Once you are in , you wouldn't be allowed to get out. 三写出下列每组分别属于何种合译：（2*5=10） 1．to and from here and there off and onup and down 2．often and often by and by men and men hours and hours 3．thick and thin within and without off and on fair or foul 4．forgive and forget now or never high and dry mend or end 5．bread and butter pick and steal odds and ends house and home 四. 按要求用所学过的翻译技巧翻译下例句子:（3*5=15） 1.我没注意到这一点.(用正译法) 2.你的工作令人满意.(用反译法) 3.我们不应该听闲话.(用正译法)
The road to Hell is paved with good intention好心办坏事 The spirit is willing, but the fresh is weak. 心有余而力不足 A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力老大徒伤悲. 爱莫能助be disobliging 活该to have it/that coming to sb. 遇到克星meet one’s waster Cats hide their claws. 知人而不知心 Grasp all. Lose all. 贪多必失 Two’s company，but three’s a crowed. 两人成伴，三人不欢背黑锅The whipping boy./ to carry the can 逼得走投无路to bring/ drive sb. to bay. 进退维谷to be caught between the Devil and deep blue sea. 出格step out of line No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧 The more wit, the less courage. 初生牛犊不怕虎 Nothing ventured nothing gained. 不入虎穴焉得虎子 认为…不在话下think nothing of doing sth. 采取主动take the initiative in doing sth. 激流勇进advance through the rapids.
Don’t hate the hand that fee ds you. 不要忘恩负义 Better be envied than pitied. 宁被人妒，不被人怜 To turn over a new leaf. 改过自新 吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸sour grapes 恨铁不成钢regret that one’s offspring does not live up to one’s expectations wish iron could turn into steel at once. 红颜易逝beauty fades likes a flower Care killed the cat. 忧愁伤身 To leave(sb) for behind/ in the dust 望尘莫及 Feast or famine 大起大落 To scratch one’s head/ rack one’s brain 冥思苦想 The fool wonders, the wise man asks. 愚人困惑，智者勤问 The squeaking wheel gets the oil. 无声无息，亦无所得 He who hesitates is lost. 犹豫不决错失良机 一头雾水To be in a complete fog/ to be puzzled and confused. 仁者见仁，智者见智To be all things to all men/people. 茅塞顿开click（to suddenly became clear or understand） Faith moves mountain. 精诚所至，金石为开 A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情
1. 检验证书用来表明商品是否符合合同条款。 2. 有时，在合同中有必要订立一个罚金条款，以防万一出现未交货、迟交货、或迟开信用证等一方违约的情况。 3. 当发生不可抗力时，援引不可抗力条款的一方必须在规定期限内及时通知另一方。 4. 裁决指仲裁庭做出的决定。 5. 仲裁协定或合同中的仲裁条款应写明仲裁费用由谁承担。 6. In this case, who is to bear the losses? 7. A force majeure clause should also be specified in the sales contract. 8. Any claim by the buyer regarding the goods shall be filed within thirty days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 9. If you want to file a claim, you should give us a survey report issued by an inspection agency approved by us. 10. I’ll ty pe a clean contract and we can sign it this afternoon. 1. 在信用证支付方式下指望银行付款，而非进口方付款的能力或意愿，但出口方只有遵从信用证的所有条款，才能得到货款。 2. 银行开出信用证就意味着该银行要承担在合适的汇票和单据被出示后付款的责任。 3. 受益人即信用证中所指定的有权接受货款的人，即出口商。 4. 在这一步骤中，买方应填写申请表，包括品名、质量、数量、单价、总值、贸易术语、付款时间、包装、装运期限等。通常买方还应该明确信用证的有效期。 5. 通常，信用证应在装运日期前至少15天内到达卖方，以留出充足的时间进行审核，必要时进行修改，并安排装运。 6. 如果修改通知书涉及两个以上条款，相关各方只能按照惯例全部接受或全部拒绝，而不能只接受其中的一部分，而拒绝其他部分。 7. Wang Ling found that all its clauses were all right except the shipment validity when checking the L/C. 8. As stipulated in the contract, the buyer should open a letter of credit in favor of the seller 30 days before the month of shipment. 9. The letter of credit has been opened in your favor. 10. Generally, the letter of credit specifies the beneficiary’s name, description of goods, quantity, unit price, total amou nt, ports of loading and destination, trade terms, payment terms, shipping documents, shipment validity, negotiation validity, etc. 1. 在中国，由国家质量监督检验检疫总局来主管全国进出口商品的检验工作。 2. 未经检验合格，《种类表》中的进口商品不准销售、使用， 出口商品不准出口。 3. 应注意不同检验证书的有效期不同，如果检验证书到期，商品就需要重新报验。 4. 商检机构应当在对外贸易合同约定的索赔期限内完成检验，并签发检验证书。 5. 对这批货物进行30%的抽样检查所得的检验报告是最终的，对双方都有约束力。 6. What’s the time limit for the reinspection? 7. The reinspection fee should be borne by the seller. 8. These goods are not allowed to pass the customs without legal inspection. 9. The buyer is entitled to reinspect the goods upon their arrival even though inspection has been made before shipment. 10. Whose survey report will be taken as final if we find any shortage? Unit 12 1. 运输代理行是运输领域的专家，了解各种最新的运输方式及其相关运费。 2. 运费按以公吨为单位的重量（重量吨）来计算，这种方式用“W ”表示。运费也可以按尺码吨来计算，用“M ”表示。 3. 对于贵重物品，按商品估价的一定百分比收取从价运费，这种方式用“Ad V al.”表示。 4. 航空运费的性质是运费只适用于从一机场到另一机场（单程），且只是运费，不包括其他额外费用， 如报关和仓储费用等。 5. 规定滞期费和速遣费的目的是为了促进装卸任务的及时完成。 6. 提单代表货物的所有权。 7. The freight is roughly based on weight and destination. 8. As we are in urgent need of the goods, please ship the goods immediately upon receipt of the L/C. 9. Under FOB, instead of the seller, it is the buyer who will arrange for the shipping space. 10. We await your shipping instructions. Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11
一.翻译原则 1.忠实原则,即信息对等而不是语意对等 Eg.每年的两届交易会,把全国几乎所有的外贸公司和出口商品集中起来,统一到广州展出,成交,减少了我们到国外推销的支出,外商也可以只派少数人到会选购,不必花大人力到我各口岸寻找生意,节省了买卖双方的费用,深受国外经营各种商品的中小客商的欢迎. The biannual Guangzhou Fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in China and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad. Many transactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in one place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves them a great deal of time and money. This explains why the Guangzhou Fair has long been popular among overseas traders. 2. 准确原则---选词准确,概念表达准确,数码单位准确. 如: 保税区≠Free trade zone 保税仓库≠Tarriff-free warehouse Eg.客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外时,免征所得税. Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone terprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China. Eg.如贵方能将尿素报价降至每吨1200美元,我们可以订购150至180吨. If you can reduce your price of Urea to 1,200 dollars per ton, we may consider placing an order of 150-180 tons. 3.统一原则 译名,概念,术语应始终保持统一,不能随意改变译名. 如:基本建设≠basic construction 基本价格≠basic price 4.文化融入 A.注意文化因素---了解中西方文化差异 1)思维方式的不同 中国文化重权威与历史,西方重现实与事实---偏实用. 中国文化重整体,西方偏分析性思维 2) 语言的不同 中国语言重修饰,偏笼统与含糊,西方语言重具体和准确. 谦辞在许多场合被采用,体现了中国文化背景下语用特征之一.
Unit 9 职场 Background Knowledge I. Career Career is a term defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual’s ―course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life)‖. As of 2006, the word usually only pertains to one’s remunerative work (and sometimes also formal education). A career is traditionally seen as a course of successive situations that make up a person's worklife. One can have a sporting career or a musical career without being a professional athlete or musician, but most frequently "career" in the 20th century referenced the series of jobs or positions by which one earned one's money. It tended to look only at the past. As the idea of personal choice and self direction picks up in the 21st century, aided by the power of the Internet and the increased acceptance of people having multiple kinds of work, the idea of a career is shifting from a closed set of achievements, like a chronological résumé of past jobs, to a defined set of pursuits looking forward. In its broadest sense, career refers to an individual’s work and life roles over their lifespan. In the relatively static societies before modernism, many workers would often inherit or take up a single lifelong position (a place or role) in the workforce, and the concept of an unfolding career had little or no meaning. With the spread during the Enlightenment of the idea of progress and of the habits of individualist self-betterment, careers became possible, if not expected. II. Career Assessment Career Assessments are tests that come in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Career Assessments can help individuals identify and better articulate their unique interests, values, and skills. Career counselors, executive coaches, career development centers, and outplacement companies often administer career assessments to help individuals focus their search on careers that closely match their unique personal profile. Career counseling advisors assess people's interests, personality, values and skills, and also help them explore career options and research graduate and professional schools. Career counseling provides one-on-one or group professional assistance in exploration and decision making tasks related to choosing a major/occupation, transitioning into the world of work or further professional training. The field is vast and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies and student development. By the late 20th century a plethora of choices (especially in the range of potential professions) and more widespread education had allowed it to become fashionable to plan (or design) a career: in this respect the careers of the career counsellor and of the career advisor have grown up. It is also not uncommon for adults in the late 20th/early 21st centuries to have dual or multiple careers, either sequentially or concurrently. Thus, professional identities have
Unit 1 1.从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。 I see from your résumé and application that you’ve had quite a lot of experience in marketing already. 2.如果你处在我的位置，你希望你的雇员应具备哪些素质？ If you were in my shoes, what sort of qualities you’d look for in your employees? 3.部门经理应该能够主动处理很多事情。 A department manager has to be able to do a lot of things on your own initiative. 4.作为秘书，我做过大量的文字工作，如拟写报告、作会议记录等，而且似乎我的记忆力比一般人强。As a secretary, I’ve had to do quite a lot of paper work, such as handling report writing, keeping minutes at meetings, and I seem to have a better memory than average. 5.从秘书的角度看，我认为和上司共享一个办公室更好，这样对她的上司不太有可能忘记告诉她一些重要的事情。 From the secretary’s point of view I think it’s better to share an office room with her boss so that there’s not much chance of her superior forgetting to let her know about important matters. 6.我工作过的那家公司是一家做营销和公共关系的公司，主要是为在中国投资的外国公司提供咨询。The company where I worked is a marketing and public relations company and they do consultant work for foreign companies investing in China. 7.我想在贵公司会有更多个人发展的机会，而且这里的工作对于我来说更具挑战性。 I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity for personal development in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. 8.我主要的工作是协助经理安排访问、会议及介绍，并且替他处理信件。 What I basically do is to assist the manager by arranging visits, setting up meetings and presentations and to deal with his correspondence. 9.申请书和简历一样重要，因为申请书通常是申请者和雇主之间第一次直接的接触。 The application letter can be as important as the CV in that it often provides the first direct contact between an applicant and an employer. 10.有效的申请书能说明你对具体单位兴趣的原因，并且辨认出你最相关的技能或经历。 Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. Unit2 1.本公司创建于1978年，现在已经成为我国主要的厨房用具出口商之一。 Our company, established in 1978, has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances in our country. 2.我们在国内有十家专业子公司，在国外有六家常驻办事处。我们在国内还建立了二十多家合资公司。 We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent offices abroad. We’ve also set up more than 20 joint ventures in the home market. 3.我们是多元化企业，主要是经营国际贸易、国际运输、劳务输出、房地产等。 We are a diversified company dealing mainly in international trade, international transportation, labor export, real estate and so on. 4.我们从事纺织品经营已经有30多年，并与当地纺织品大厂家及分销商保持密切的联系。 We have been handling textiles for more than 30 years and maintain close contact with large manufacturers and distributors in our area. 5.为了迅速发展，我们组成了多元化战略联盟，使我们能扩大到新的市场领域。 In order to grow rapidly, we’ve formed a diversifying strategic alliance which allows us to expand onto new market areas. 6.我们的目标主要是本地市场，但是我们也在研究进入欧洲市场的可能性。 We mainly target local markets, but we are looking at the possibility of entering the European market. 7.我们公司的领导体系是这样的：首先是合伙人；其次，直接在合伙人之下的是三位合作伙伴，也就是，最上层是两位合伙人和直接在合伙人之下的三个合作伙伴。在合作伙伴之下，我们有高级工程师、初级工程师、绘图员等，一直往下至办公室的勤杂工。 The system of command of our company is that we have the partners, and then we have three associates immediately below the partners, that is, two partners at the top and three associates directly below them. And then below the associate we have senior engineers, junior engineers, drafts-person and so on and so forth, down to the office boy. 8.我们是新成立的公司，只有大约五年的历史。公司共有四十名员工，分布在四个办事处中。 We’re a young company, only about five years old. There are only about 40 people in the company, split amongst four offices. 9. 谈到进口在中国畅销的美国产品，我们作为一家在中国的美国公司，感到比其他公司更有优势。 As an American company in China we find we have an advantage over other companies when it comes to importing American products that are marketable here in China.