Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar.
1.（Onomatopoeia）: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.拟声法它是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。1）As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
2）the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occassional grunts and sighs of the camels.
creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.
tinkling, banging, clashing
2.Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.
1) the heat and glare of a big open square
2）in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar.
3）Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.
4）It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,
3. Alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.
e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)
2)…make a point of protesting
4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc
1）a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)
2）a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)
3）goods of every conceivable kind are sold
4）…as the burnished copper catches the light of innumberable lamps and braziers
5) ... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years
6)...with the dust of centuries
5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.
1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…
2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels.
6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.
1）…as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)
2）where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…
3）a fairyland of dancing flashes…(metaphor and personification)
4)The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you...
5）the beam groan ... and protesting
Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan
1.Metaphor: 暗喻
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相
似之处。
1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.
2). …I was again crushed by the thought…
3). …At last the intermezzo came to an end and…
4). …when the meaning of these last words sank in,jolting me…
5) …as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop
6) I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact
Hiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb
2.Synecdoche: 提喻
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole(a hand for sailor), the whole for a part(as the law for police officer), the specific for the general(as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).
举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）
1)The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers. little old Japan: traditional Japanese houses
2) There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .
3. Metonymy: 换喻
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington” for “the United States government” or of “the sword” for “military power”.
换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿” 代替“美政府” 或用“剑” 代替“军事力量”
1)the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture
4. Irony：反语
The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.
反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。
1)congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.
2)Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan
5. Climax: 层进法
A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.
层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法
1)No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially the people who were born here or who lived through it.
6. Anti-climax: 渐降
Anti-climax, as used in the text, states one’s thoughts in a descending order of
significance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors, who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb, but who ironically heard “oysters” in the end.
渐降表述概念的方式是使意义强烈的语言按照步步降低的语气顺序排列，语势由强而弱，语气由重到轻，有此达到取笑、讽刺或是喜剧的效果。
1). “seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its—oysters.
7. Sarcasm讽刺is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt.
Hiroshima—the “liveliest” City in Japan (hyperbole)
If you want to write this city, do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan, even if…(hyperbole)
8. Simile 明喻is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the words as or like
1)Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them…
9.Hyperbole:
1)where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.
1.Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from
earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.
10.Alliteration:I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.
11.Rhetorical question: Was I not at the scene of the crime?
Unit 3 Ships in the Desert
1.Personification
1)Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand.
2.Hyperbole
1)the population explosion
3.Metaphor
1)another ghostly image
2)these ghosts in the sky
4.Metonymy
1)the relationship between the two superpowers (Para. 23)
2)there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon
than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .
5.Metaphor
1) What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?
6.Alliteration
1)Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef
Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama
1.Ironic“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said ,laughing .
2.Simile:
1) “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”
2)Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail
3)the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.
4) It is like an extended living room
5)My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)
6)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)
3.Metaphor:
1)After I tripped over it two or three times he told me
2)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood
3)Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?
4)…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skir t and red blouse…
4.Rhetorical question
1）A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?
2) Who ever knew Johnson with a quick tongue?
3) Who can ever imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?
4) Why don’t you do a dance around the ashes
5) “Why don’t you take one or two of the others?” I asked.
5.Exaggeration
1)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)
2)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe
achieve forcefulness by suspense (悬念). The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.
A sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end;圆周句（掉尾句）：主句或谓语在句末的句子，有两种句型：一：修饰语（尤其是状语）在句首的简单句；二：从句在前主句在后的复合句。圆周句的安排把最重要的意思放到最后面，并且直到最后一个词时句子的结构才完整。
1) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies,flashes away.
2) Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. (p.80)
3) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia…he is woefully mistaken.
nd, the news…invasion of Russia.
order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.
We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang
2) we shall fight him by land
we shall fight him by sea
we shall fight him in the air.
3) behind all this glare
beh ind all this storm I see…
4) I see the Russian soldiers standing…
I see them guarding…
I see the ten thousand villages…
I see advancing upon…
5) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.
6)Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions…
7)that is our policy and that is our declaration
8）The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...
9)where t he means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still
where maidens laugh and children play.
normal word order, such as the placement of a verb before its subject
—nothing P. 80
use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearness or balance to a sentence
1)We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.
2)He has so long thrived and prospered.
3)We will never parley, we will never negotiate…
4）the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector
5）From this nothing will turn us –nothing.
That is our policy and that is our declaration
of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in “How like the winter hath my absence been” or “So are you to my thoughts as food to life” (Shakespeare).
明喻：一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由like 或as 引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临” 或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要” （莎士比亚）
plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts
used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。
1) I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land…
threshold refers to the threshold of their nation.
2) Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of … (
Glare: a fierce or angry stare; Here it refers to war fire.
Storm: s trong wind and rain; Here it refers to war or Hitler’s assault on the other countries.
3）launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind
4) …delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey (the Russian soldiers).
5) I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.
6) We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime.
7) we have rid the earth of his shadow (influence) and liberated its peoples from his yoke(control). (
8）this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
9)But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding
10)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial
of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in
头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。如：
“on scrolls of silver snowy sentences”(Hart Crane)“写满银色雪般句子的卷轴上”(哈特·克兰) 1)) just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.
2) I also see the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.
3）Let us learn the lesson s already taught by such cruel experience.
, heel cl icking(Onomatopoeia& alliteration)
qualities or are represented as possessing human form
1）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
t, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton.
夸张法：一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重中
1）If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.)
…
)
1)Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.
1)plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.
2) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts. We shall be strengthened and
in determination and resources.
语轻意重法,间接肯定法)
A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite direction.
doubt where our duty and our policy lay.
to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
Lesson 10
1. Metaphor:
1）No one,... that may case would snowball into...
2）...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.
3）The street ...sprouted with ...
4）He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.
5）...champion had not scorched the infidels...
6）…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…
7）Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a … n.
8）Then the court broke into a storm of applause that …
2. Simile:
1）...swept the arena like a prairie fire
2）...a palm fan like a sword...
3）The oratorical storm …blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind
3. Metonymy
1)...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...
2)The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.
4. Hyperbole:
1)The trial that rocked the world
2)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.
5. Ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事
1)Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...
2)Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
6. Sarcasm a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语
1)There is some doubt about that.
2)it is a mighty strong combination.
7. Transferred epithet
1)Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.
8. Antithesis
1)The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.
9. Consonance辅韵，指的是词尾复印或句尾非重读音节的重复。
1)when bigots lighted faggots to burn...
10. Repetition:
1)The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...
11. synecdoche
1) the case had erupted round my head
12. oxymoron (矛盾修饰法)
1)Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”
13. irony the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法
1)we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century
14.Pun:Darwin is right --- inside.
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
Simile 1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings. 2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth. 3.…like clouds of flies. 4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls… 5.And really it was like watching a …armed men,flowing peacefully up the r oad,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite directi on,glittering like scraps of paper. 6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. 7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox. 8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy… 9.It was like digging a tunnel. 10.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. 11.Grandmother Macleod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo… 12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanterns on the thin hairy stems. 13.At night the lake was like black glass… 14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder… metaphor 1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simpl y not a concern. 2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and f eeling. 3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus. 4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. 6.The conversation was on wings. 7.As we listen… to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. 8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense. 9.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. 10.When E.M.Forster writes of -the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at t he vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image. 11.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone. 12.Down the centre…a little river of urine. 13.…in the past,… by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. 16.… we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
一、词语修辞格 （1）simile 明喻 ①...a memory that seemed phonographic ②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?” ③Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. ⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. ⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her. （2）metaphor 暗喻 ①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,… ②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A ④the last this intermezzo came to an end… ⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse… ⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me … ⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... ⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart ⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... ?When railroads began drying up the demand... ?...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... ?Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,
常用修辞手法： 1. 比喻 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如： 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock
1. 明喻simile Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more things, normally introduced by like or as. He has been as drunk as a fiddler’s bitch. 1. 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗。 2. 他曾喝得酊名大醉/烂醉如泥。 If We haven’t got any money, we can’t buy a television.It’s as plain as the nose on your face. 1. 如果我们没有钱，就不能买电视机。这就像脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了。 2. 没有钱我们就不能买电视机。这就像秃子头上的虱子——明摆着的事。 Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他嘴巴紧得像牦蛎. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. 2. 隐喻metaphor Metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more things achieved by identifying one with the other. That lady tries to make sheep’s eyes at her new boss. 1. 那位女士想向新老板投去绵羊之眼。 2. 那位女士想向新老板献媚。 Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible. Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping
高级英语第1册修辞练习第3版 Point the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences Lesson 1 1.We can batten down and ride it out. (Metaphor ) 2.Wind and rain now whipped the house. ( Metaphor ) 3.Stay away from the windows. (Elliptical sentence ) 4.--- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. ( Simile) 5.At 8:30, power failed. (Metaphor ) 6.Everybody out the back door to the cars. (Elliptical sentence ) 7.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ( Simile ) 8…the electrical systems had been killed by water.( metaphor ) 9.Everybody on the stairs. ( elliptical sentence) 10.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ( simile ) 11. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet though the air. ( personification ) 12…it seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ( personification ) 13.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.( simile ) 14.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. ( Transferred epithet ) 15. Up the stairs --- into our bedroom. ( Elliptical sentence ) 16.The world seemed to be breaking apart. ( Simile ) 17. Water inched its way up the steps as first floor outside walls collapsed. (Metaphor ) 18.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.. (Metaphor ) 19…and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the road.( simile ) 20…household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (metaphor ) 21.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropped more than 28 inches of rain into West.( metaphor ) Lesson2 1 Hiroshima—the”Liveliest”City in Japan.—irovy 2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted,as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration 3 And secondly.because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.—metaphor 4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question 5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—synecdoche,metonymy
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 2 V: Figures of speech Metaphor: 暗喻 A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. 暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。 1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. 2). …I was again crushed by the thought…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)