Unit 1 Great scientists
[2016·北京卷]假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣,并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信,内容包括:
1.该人物是谁;
2.该人物的主要贡献;
3.该人物对你的影响。
Dear Jim,
It s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He,in his book,Haiguo Tuzhi(Maps and Records of the World),introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
Interested in knowing more?I can find you some books!Just let me know.
Cheers!
Yours,
Li Hua
1.文章体裁:应用文——电子邮件。
2.行文逻辑:介绍人物→喜欢原因→个人看法。
3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:inspire sb to do sth(激励某人做某事),a bridge between China and the world(中国和世界之间的桥梁)等。
4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①it作形式主语:It s great to hear from you;②分词短语作状语:knowing your interest in Chinese history;③独立成分:As for my favourite figure in Chinese history等。
Ⅰ.单词荟萃
[基础词汇]
1. n.特征;特性
2. n.医生;内科医师
3. n.爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争)
4. n.镭
5. n.受害者
6. n.询问
7. n.治愈;痊愈vt.治愈;治疗
8. n.附近;邻近
9. n.泵;抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)
10. n.烟火(燃放)
11. n.图表
12. n.移动;运动;动作
13. vt.分析
14. vt.打败;战胜;使受挫n.失败
15. vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
16. vt.认为;怀疑n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯
17. vt.预见;预知(foresaw, foreseen)
18. vt.责备;谴责n.过失;责备
19. vt.处理;操纵n.柄;把手
20. vi. & vt.(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)
21. vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃
22. adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的n.专家;行家
23. adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的
24. adj.致命的
25. adj.积极的;肯定的;确实的
26. adv. & adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)
[拓展词汇]
27. n.画家;油漆匠→paint vt.在……上刷油漆→n.绘画;油画
28. n.挑战vt.向……挑战→adj.有挑战性的
29. n.宇宙;世界→adj.普遍的,一般的;通用的
30. vt. & vi.结束;推断出→n.结论;结束
31. vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加→attentive adj.集中精力的;认真的→n.注意力
32. vt.污染;弄脏→n.污染→adj.受污染的
33. vt.宣布;通告→n.通知→announcer n.播音员;广播员
34. vt.命令;指示;教导→n.命令;指示;教导→adj.有指导意义的
35. vt.建设;修建→n.建设;建筑物→constructive adj.建设性的;积极的
36. vt. & vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→n.贡献→contributor n.捐献者
37. adj.科学的→science n.科学→n.→科学家
38. adj.热情的;热心的→enthusiasm n.热心;热情;热忱
39. adj.小心的;谨慎的→n.小心;谨慎
Ⅱ.短语检测
[动词及系表结构型]
1. (=come up with)提出
2. 调查;观察;窥视
3. 为……做贡献或捐款;导致;有助于
4.cure sb sth治愈某人的某种疾病;改正某人的不良行为
5.give a clue 提供关于……的线索
6. 怀疑某人做某事
7. 得出结论
8. 讲得通;有意义
make sense 理解;明白
9. 全神贯注于;专心致志于
10. 与……有关联;与……有联系
11. 暴露在;接触到
12.be to blame/blamed 因……应受责备;因……应承担责任
13.be strict 对……严格的
14.be enthusiastic 对……热情
15.be cautious 对……谨慎
[介词短语及其他型]
16. construction(= be being constructed)正在建设中
17. certainty确定无疑地;肯定地
18. (=besides, in addition to)此外
Ⅲ.佳句再现
A.核心语法考点句
1.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people (expose) to cholera.
2.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the (affect) person died.
3.He found that it came from the river (pollute)by the dirty water from London.
4.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually (improve) his theory until he felt it was complete.
5.John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed,he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
6.It seemed that the water was (blame).
7.First he marked on a map the exact places all the dead people had lived.
8.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
B.经典写作背诵句
1. neither…nor…既不……也不……
its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
2. every time引导时间状语从句,意为“每当……的时候/每次……”
So many thousands of terrified people died .
所以每次(霍乱)暴发时,就有数以千计的人在惊恐中病死。
3. suggest that…意为“建议”,that后的宾语从句用虚拟语气
To prevent this from happening again,John Snow .
为了防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
4. only if意为“只有在……条件下”,“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装Only if you put the sun there in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
●1conclude vt.& vi.(to infer on the basis of convincing evidence)推断出;(to finish or be over)结束
(1)conclude sth (from…)(从……)推断出
某事
conclude sth with/by…以……结束某事
(2)in conclusion 最后,总之
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a conclusion
得出结论
【活学活用】
(1)After a whole day s hard work,Mr Bowen and Mr He have concluded a contract.
经过一整天的辛苦工作之后,鲍恩先生和何先生订立了一项合同。
(2)The concert began with the national anthem and concluded with a piece of soft music.
音乐会以国歌开始,并在一首柔和的乐曲中结束。
(3)Only by undertaking the analysis of the data .
只有通过仔细分析这些数据,你才能得出科学的结论。
(4)语法填空。
①He concluded their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
②I haven t found a solid (conclude), but in this article I share with you what I ve learned.
③This contest will last one and a half months,(conclude)at the middle of December.
●2attend vt.(to take care of, to look after)照顾;(to be present at)出席;(to accompany or wait upon as a servant)护理
(1)attend to 处理;照顾
(2)attend a lecture/funeral/wedding
听讲座/参加葬礼/参加婚礼
attend school 上学
attend church 做礼拜
【活学活用】
(1)His inability to speak English puts him at a disadvantage when he attends international conferences.
他不会说英语,这使他在参加国际会议时处于不利的地位。
(2)They had a quiet wedding and only a few friends attended.
→They had a quiet wedding . (用with复合结构改写)
他们举行了一个不事铺张的婚礼,只有几个朋友参加。
(3)语法填空。
①There were lots of people (attend)the party,some of whom I hadn t seen before.
②Don t try to call John at 11:30 tomorrow morning because he (attend) class at that time.
③They flew there in order that they might be in time (attend)the opening ceremony.
(4)一词多义。
①I may be late—I have one or two things to attend to.
②Will you attend to the shop for a few minutes while I go to the bank?
③I m too busy. I can t attend to you now.
④His injury was attended to by a young doctor.
●3expose vt.(to show sth that is usually hidden)暴露;揭露;使曝光
(1)expose sb/sth 揭露某人/揭发某事
(2)expose…to…使……暴露于……;使……接触……
(3)be exposed to…暴露于……;接触……
【活学活用】
(1)Don t expose your skin to sunlight directly,or you will get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下,否则你会被晒伤。
(2)Being exposed too early to the foreign language study, according to some experts, may lead to some unfavorable outcomes.
在一些专家看来,过早接触外语学习也许会导致一些不好的结果。
(3)Plants and animals that live near nuclear plants radiation we don t know about.
在核工厂附近的动植物正在受到我们所不知道的辐射的影响。
(4)语法填空。
①The more one (expose)to the English speaking environment,the better he or she will learn the language.
②The soil was washed away by the flood,(expose) bare rocks.
③(expose) to the sun for a long time is harmful to your health.
●4cure n.治疗,治愈vt.(to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness)治愈;消除(弊病等);纠正
(1)a cure for………的治疗方法;解决问题的措施
(2)cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病;改正某人的不良行为
【活学活用】
(1)Finding a cure for cancer is one of the biggest challenges faced by medical researchers.
寻找癌症的医治方法是医学研究者们所面临的最大挑战之一。
(2)The tutor took the young boy in hand and soon cured him of his idleness. 这个家庭教师负责管教这个少年,并且很快就改正了他懒惰的习气。
(3)Due to the development of modern medical technology,doctors are now able to which in former times would have killed them.
由于现代医疗技术的发展,医生现在能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。
(4)语法填空。
①His life s work centred in the search for a cure the terrible disease.
②Many bad habits can be especially difficult (cure)because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.
③As a means of (cure) people of diseases, Chinese herbal medicine has never been recognized by Westerners.
●5blame vt.(to place responsibility for)责备;谴责n.过失;责备
(1)be to blame 应负责任
blame sb for sth/doing sth
因……而责备某人/责备某人(做了)某事
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
(2)take the blame for…承担……的责任
put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人
【活学活用】
(1)The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack s careless driving.
警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。
(2)Don t blame him for breaking that vase;after all he is a child.
别怪他打碎那个花瓶,他毕竟是小孩子嘛。
(3)It was the professor rather than his assistants for what had happened in the lab.
是那位教授而不是他的助理们应对实验室里所发生的事情负责。
(4)语法填空。
①The bank manager was really (blame), though he tried to pin it on a clerk.
②His companion,(blame)for the accident,had not been driving carefully.
●6announce vt.(to make sth known publicly)通告,宣告
(1)It is announced that…据宣布……/据通
知……
announce sth to sb/to sb sth
向某人宣布某事
(2)announcement n.通告;宣告;通知
announcer n.广播员,播音员
make an announcement 宣布;通知
[温馨提示]announce后不能跟双宾语结构,如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”应该用announce sth to sb或announce to sb sth,不能用announce sb sth。除了announce外,类似的词还有say,explain,mention等。
【活学活用】
(1)It came as a surprise when Mr Barbour announced to his workmates that he would not run for president.
当巴伯先生向同事宣布他不会竞选总统的时候,人们都大吃一惊。
(2)Everyone was silent as the teacher announced the winner of the competition.
当老师宣布竞赛的优胜者时,大家都静静地倾听。
(3)The government has announced that a new highway to the mountain will be built this year.
→by the government a new highway to the mountain will be built this year. (用it改写)
政府已经宣布今年将要修建一条通向山区的新公路。
(4)语法填空。
①After the president made an official (announce), she expressed her personal opinion.
②The judges did not know she was physically disabled until the first prize winner (announce).
③I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang,(announce) the class was over.
●7contribute vi.贡献(to make a contribution);投稿(to submit materials for publication);捐献/助,有助于
(1)contribute to 增加;增添;促成;有助于
contribute sth to/towards
给……捐献/捐赠
contribute (sth) to sth
撰稿;投稿
(2)contribution n.贡献;捐献;稿件
make a contribution to…
为……做贡献
【语境助记】
Many people contributed money to the poor girl,which contributed to her returning to school. A teacher wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给这位家境贫寒的女孩捐款,这使她重新回到校园。一位老师写了一篇关于此事的文章,并把它投到了报社。
【活学活用】
(1)Positive emotions not only contribute to our success,they don t just contribute to our feeling good; they also contribute to our well-being. 积极
情绪不仅有助成功,而且能让我们感觉良好,还有助我们获得幸福。
(2)Honesty and hard work are good virtues,success and happiness.
诚实和苦干是美德,有助于成功和幸福。
(3)语法填空。
①He made a voluntary (contribute) to the cost of building a school so that those poor children could get an education.
②Mr Reed makes up his mind to contribute all he has to (set)up some schools for poor children.
③(contribute) to the victims in the mudflow-stricken areas, you can contact the local charity organizations.
●8absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
absorb one s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb…from…从……中吸收……
be absorbed in 全神贯注于
【活学活用】
(1)Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。
(2)With the process of urbanization in rural areas,the surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 随着农村城镇化的进程,周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市。
(3)He was so absorbed in the research that he had not time left for
recreational activities.
→he had not time left for recreational activities. (用倒装句改写)
他专心致力于研究工作,连娱乐活动的时间都没有了。
(4)语法填空。
①The novel was so (absorb)that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
②When he came back three hours later,they were still sitting on the sofa, (absorb) themselves in conversation.
③Though it was midnight,she found her daughter completely (absorb) in her homework.
●1put forward提出;提前;把表拨快
put up 举起;张贴;为……提供食宿
put up 忍受
put down 写下;记下;镇压
put off 推迟
put on 穿上;上演
put out 熄灭;生产
【活学活用】
(1)A suitable solution has already been put forward by the chairman. 一个合适的解决办法已由主席提出。(提出)
(2)He was put forward as the man most likely to win the ear of the conference.
他作为最有可能说服与会者的人而被推荐出来。(推荐)
(3)Put your watch forward; it s five minutes slow.
把你的手表拨快,它慢了五分钟。(将钟表拨快)
(4)用put相关短语的适当形式填空。
①Why we decided to the meeting was that our headmaster hadn t come back from Beijing.
②My parents wanted me to be a doctor, but I couldn t have all those years of study.
③Everything taken into consideration, the plan he seems to be workable.
④You are not allowed to advertisements on this wall without special permission.
●2look into调查;向……里面看去
look ahead 向前看;展望未来
look down on/upon 看不起;轻视
look out 留神,当心
look through 看穿;浏览
look up 查找;改善;好转
【活学活用】
(1)The policemen looked into the man s eyes, trying to find if he was the
robber they were catching.
警察盯着那个人的眼睛,想知道此人是否是他们一直在追捕的抢劫犯。
(2)His request that the matter should be looked into again was refused by the police.
他的重新调查此事的请求被警方拒绝了。
(3)用look相关短语的适当形式填空。
①Tell the children to when they cross the main street.
②I have your report and made some notes on it.
③It is reported that the police are the case of two missing children.
④Every student should all new words in his or her dictionary each day.
●3make sense有意义;有道理;讲得通
(1)make sense to 对……有意义
make sense of 理解;弄明白
(2)a sense of achievement/humour/direction
成就感/幽默感/方向感
in no sense 绝不是;绝非(位于句首时句子要用部分倒装结构)
(3)There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.
没有道理/意义做某事。
It doesn t make sense to do sth.
没有道理/意义做某事。
【活学活用】
(1)She doesn t talk much, but what she says makes sense.
她讲话不多,但言之有理。
(2)I have read the material several times,but it just doesn t me.
→I have read the material several times,but I just can t it.
这个材料我读了几遍了,但就是不明白。
(3)There is no sense(in)buying that expensive coat when the cheaper ones are just as good.
→that expensive coat when the cheaper ones are just as good.
这些便宜的大衣也挺好的,何必非买那件贵的不可。
(4)语法填空。
①The problem is settled. There is no sense (argue) further.
②In no sense he realize he had made such a serious mistake.
●1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次暴发(霍乱),数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去。
every time…每当……
【句式点拨】
every time引导时间状语从句,意为“每当……”,相当于whenever。同类表达还有:each time(每当),the first time (第一次……),next time(下次……),the last time(上次……)等。
此外,具有同样用法的词和短语还有:
(1)副词用作连词:directly/immediately;(2)名词用作连词:the minute/the moment/the instant;(3)介词on/upon+arriving/returning/hearing等。
以上表达均相当于as soon as,意为“一……就……”。
【活学活用】
(1)I think of the happy hours we spent together every time/each time I see these photos.
每次看到这些照片,我都会想起我们在一起度过的美好时光。
(2)Be careful! The machine starts the moment/immediately you press the button.
小心!你一按按钮机器就启动了。
(3)On hearing that the novel was published,he rushed at once to the bookshop for a copy.
一听说那本小说出版了,他就迫不及待地跑到书店去买。
(4),be sure to let me know in advance.
下次你来北京,务必要提前告诉我。
(5), the pop star was surrounded by his fans. (moment)
这位流行明星一出机场就被他的支持者们围了起来。
状语从句 状语从句分类及常用连词：时间状语从句：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as, etc. 地点状语从句：where, wherever 原因状语从句：because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 目的状语从句：in order that, so that, that, etc. 结果状语从句：so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 条件状语从句：if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句：as…as, so…as, than, etc. 方式状语从句：as, as if, as though, etc. 相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“why” as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that “以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态 动词表结果。 so…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋many/much＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that 4.though, although, as, though, although在句首表“尽管”两者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。 下列情况只能用though： ▲as though (=as if);even if (=even though)
高三英语状语从句 北京四中毕勤 一、语法知识 1, 表示时间的状语从句可以由when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, now (that), once, so/as long as, as soon as…引起. I will give you the information as soon as I get it. Once you start to smoke, it is hard to give it up. Let's stay here until the teacher comes. 有时也可以用every time, each time, immediately, the moment, soon after, shortly after, next time 等词引起状语从句. Every time I see him, I have a terrible feeling inside. None of them stopped talking the moment she came in. I will show you the movie the next time you come here. Shortly after Abraham Lincoln took office, the southern States rebelled. 主句动词是持续，用肯定句（直到--为止）。主句动词是瞬间动词，用否定形式。（直到--才） 2, 表示地点的状语从句用where或wherever引起. You can make a mark where you have a question. Wherever you go, I will be right here waiting for you. People at that time went to wherever they could find work. 3, 表示原因的状语从句用as, because, since, now that,（not that…but that）等等词引起. Since no one is against it, we'll have a test. Now that you are here, I will tell you the truth. 在一些形容词后的状语从句中同样表示原因, 这些词中常见的有sorry, annoyed, surprised, glad, ashamed, disappointed, afraid, hurt, satisfied, content… I am very happy that you have passed the exam. We feel proud that you beat that Japanese in public. 4, 表示结果的状语从句的连接词有that, so that, so…that, such…that… What's wrong that you lost your temper? He didn't sleep well last night, so that he is asleep. We left home in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 5, 表示条件的状语从句用if, unless, suppose, in case, so/as long as, so far as, on condition that… As long as we stick to it, we will succeed. Call me in case you have any difficulty. He used to be an honest man, as far as I know.
初中英语状语从句讲解 1.时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 比较状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 地点状语从句 2.用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语 从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或 状态。例如： I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用 肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops. We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。 例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill.
语法复习六：状语从句 由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。 （一）时间状语从句 表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。 e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. （二）原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because 强。 e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember. （三）地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。 e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question. （四）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。 e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train. （五）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句
高考英语状语从句真题汇编 （2006—2013年） 2013年 1.【2013北京】30. I took my driving license with me on holiday,______ I wanted to hire a car. A.in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 2.【2013福建】32. Anyone, once __ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 3.【2013湖南】23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision. A. although B. Before C. Because D. unless 4.【2013江苏】28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever 5.【2013江西】28.She says that she’ll have to close the shop ________ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when 6.【2013江西】34.If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A.asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked 7.【2013辽宁】24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _______ full one’s schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where 8.【2013山东】26. Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 9.【2013山东】28. _________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 10.【2013陕西】18. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when 11.【2013四川】7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 12.【2013天津】5. _______ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 13.【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated 14.【2013重庆】25. ______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case. A. Once B As long as C. Unless D. Since 15.【2013安徽】23.It’s much easier to make friends______ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that 16.【2013北京】22. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems A. or B. and C. but D. so 17.【2013四川】4. Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so 18.【2013新课标II卷】3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _____I didn't want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or 19.【2013新课标I卷】32.There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ______another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B: if C. as D. while 20.【2013重庆】23. It's not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control, it is possible. A. for B. or C. but D. so 2012年
高考英语状语从句专项讲解 一、考点分析 状语从句主要考点在语法填空、翻译和作文。 二、专题详解 状语从句梳理 知识点1：分类 语从句可以分为以下九种： 1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句 8、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句 知识点2：具体用法 1) 时间状语从句：
as soon as Hardly/scarcely had…when No sooner had …than…. the moment.. the instant…the second…immediately directly…instantly…①As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 ② Hardly (scarcely) had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家就下雨了。 ③No sooner had we got to the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站，火车就走了。 ④We had just begun the moment we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 ⑤I felt cheerful immediately I heard the song. 我一听到这首歌就感到很愉快。 ①hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当 于as soon as，但只表示过 去发生的事情，主句为过去 完成时，从句为过去时，如 hardly或no sooner位于句 首时语气强，而且主句的谓 语要用部分倒装。 ②名词短语连词： “一……就……” 主句+ the moment…从句 主句+the instant…从句 主句+the second…从句 ③ 副词短语连词： 主句+ immediately +从句 主句+ directly +从句 主句+ instantly+从句 every time =each time last time…next time…the first time ①Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick. 我每次乘船都晕船。 ②Last time we saw you, you were too thin. 上次我们见到你的时候，你太瘦了。 every time=each time “每次……；每当……” last time…“上次……” next time…“下次……” the first time“第一次……”
专题十一状语从句 状语从句在高考试题中由于其他从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 常见的连词(组)： when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly ...when, scarcely ...when, no sooner ...than等。 可以引导时间状语从句的副（介）词（短语）或名词短语： directly, instantly, immediately, by the time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。 注意点如下： (1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句 as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当when表示a period of time 时，两者可以互换。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) 在我做饭时，她走了过来。 When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) 当我们在学校时，每天都去图书馆。 While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 他们在看电视，而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”) when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。 一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。 ①Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？ ②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 ③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。 ④The students took notes as they listened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。 二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。 ①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。 ②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
高考二轮复习英语教案 专题十一状语从句 【专题要点】状语从句考点概览：1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导时间状语；3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；4.till和until的用法；5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；6.结果状语从句中“so ----that”与“such---that”的区别；7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法 【考纲要求】考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题,对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳,在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as, when, while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析 【教法指引】状语从句是是中学的重点语法项目，也是高考常考的语法项目之一，分析近五年来的高考题几乎每年各省市都考查到它。根据其用途,状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词、形容词或整个句子。可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型，可以分为九大类。不同的状语从句使用不同的连接词,有时同一个连接词可连接不同的状语从句,表示不同的意义因此教师在引导学生备考复习的过程中应该做到： 1 熟悉这九大类别的状语从句的不同的连接词的意义和用法 2准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时还要注意区分词义相近的连词、介词和副词 3 解题的过程中要注意时态、语态、语气、语序的统一 4加强各个类别的状语从句的的分析和理解练习 【知识网络】状语从句的用法 由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备同时对方式状语从句也
高三复习状语从句 【专题眺望】 知能目标：①状语从句中从属连词的正确使用。 ②主从句动词时态的一致性。 ③状语从句中的省略现象。 ④状语从句与其他从句、非谓语动词作状语之间结构上的区别和相互转换。 命题规律：状语从句在单项选择中的比重有所增大。侧重考查状语从句中的连词的选用，尤其是一些较特殊的连词、连词词组的含义和用法，如in case, on condition that, the moment, however等，主从句的时态呼应也是考查的重点。 【知识结构】 【重难点透析】 1.时态呼应注意点 ①状语从句用一般现在时表将来、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。如： She will get married when she meets the right man. We won't climb up the mountain until rain has stopped. ②在表示“刚……就……”的句型hardly…when… 和no sooner …than …中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，如果否定词置于句首，主句可用倒装结构。如： Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise. ③It is +段时间+since从句，从句里用过去时，It was +段时间+since从句，从句里用过去完成时，since与短暂性动词连用时，表示动作的开始，since与延续性动词连用表示该动作的结束，翻译时通常译成该动词的反义词。 How have you been since I saw you last time? (自从我上次见到你以后，你一向还好吗? ) It is (has been) just a month since he arrived here. (他来这里已经有一月了。) It is five years since I lived in Nanchang. (自从我不住在南昌以来已经5年了。) It is five years since I began to live in Nanchang. (自从我住在南昌以来已经5年了。) I haven't heard from him since I lived in Nanchang. (自从我离开南昌以来，已经5年了。) 2. before的翻译较灵活，现将其译法归纳如下 ①“在以前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，从句的动作在后 ②“（后）才”，此时强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句的动作延续时间较长 ③“就；便；快”，此时主句中的谓语动词为否定形式 ④“未就；还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已经发生 ⑤“趁着”⑥在某些习语中还可译成“先…（然）后；先…再”。如： Before I go to the cinema, I must finish my homework. 我必须在去看电影之前做完作业。 We had sailed for two days before we saw land. 我们航行了两天才看见陆地。 It was not long before the Swiss rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers out of their country. 不久，瑞士人就举行起义，把奥地利人赶出了他们的家园。
高考英语语法专题——状语从句 1. 状语从句的类型 1) 时间状语从句：常见引导词有： when：表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生，强调点，表“就在那时；突然”。 while：常表示延续性动词或状态；while也可表示对比的转折。 as soon as：表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。 hardly / scarcely … when；no sooner … than：表示“还没来得及……就；刚……就”。 directly, immediately, instantly：副词当连词用，表示“一……就”。 ； the moment, the minute, the second：充当连词，等于when / as soon as。 each time, every time, next time, by the time等：也可以引导时间状语从句。 since：引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。常用句型：It is + 段时间+ since从句，“自从……有多长时间了”。 until：常与not连用，表示“直到……才……”；Not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；在It is / was…that / who…强调结构中，须连在一起。 2) 让步状语从句：常见引导词有：although, though, even if, even though, as等。 3) 原因状语从句：常见引导词有： because：常用于回答why, 语气最强；强调原因，常与just, only等起强调作用的副词连用；可引导表语从句。 for：是个并列连词，一般不放在句首，常表示一种推测或解释，或用作附加说明，语气弱。 , as, since：常译为“既然、由于”，表示十分明显的原因，语气较弱。 now that：表示“既然”的意思。 4) 地点状语从句：常见引导词有：where, wherever等。 5) 目的状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, in order that等。目的状语从句的谓语动 词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。目 的状语从句还可以用动词不定式来替换。 6) 结果状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, so … that, such … that …等。 7) 方式状语从句：由as, as if(though)等引导。 8) 比较状语从句：由than, as等引导。 9) 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that等引 导。 " 2.注意： 1) 主将从现规则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句中， 若主句用一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含有情态动词的谓语形式，从句则用一般现在时表示将来时，如：You can join our club when you get a bit older. 2) 疑问词+ ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：疑问词+ ever可引导名词性从句和让步 状语从句；no matter + 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句。
状语从句 状语从句在句中作状语，可分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。 1．When , while, as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。 1)W hen Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest. 注意点： when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。 Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher. 2)A s
As 除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着” Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面```一面) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着) 3)W hile表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。 Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest. While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused. 注意点： while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee. 2．until, not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。 肯定句：I waited until midnight. 否定句：I did not leave until midnight.
状语从句用法详解 在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。 一般可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。 I 时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。 （时间状语从句位置灵活，可以在句首，也可在句末） 常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有：when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time, whenever等。 1.when, while, as 1) when“当......的时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。 I was very happy when I heard from you. 收到你的信时我非常高兴。 When you deal with them, you should be cautious. 跟他们打交道时，你应该谨慎。 when引导时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以用非延续性动词，也可用延续性动词。 When I was young, I went to town myself. 当我还年轻时，我自己独自去城里。（延续性动词） When I lived in country, I used to carry some water for him. 我住在农村时，常常为他担水。（延续性动词） When he received the letter, he'll tell us. 当他接到信后，他会告诉我们的。（非延续性动词） When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly. 火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。（非延续性动词） 注意：当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如： As a young man（=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时喜欢打猎。 2）while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 My father was preparing a report while I was playing games. 爸爸在准备一个报告，而我在玩游戏。 Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。 3）as表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边......，一边......” 或“随着......”。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。 As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。 注意：如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。 When/ While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
高考英语状语从句知识点技巧及练习题附答案 一、选择题 1．Many countries have a Mother’s Day, ________ they don't always fall on the second Sunday in May. A．when B．though C．as D．once 2．—We have decided to go for a picnic tomorrow, Jack. Are you going with us? —Well, ______ you are going, so will I. A．when B．since C．if D．while 3．______ the environmental impacts of larger plastics are well documented, very little is understood about the dangers associated with micro plastics. A．While B．As C．Because D．If 4．Why do many students stick to private tutoring _____ they could easily master such knowledge at school? A．unless B．before C．after D．when 5．A Chinese company has created a new facial recognition system that can identify people ______ they are wearing masks. A．provided that B．in case C．as though D．even if 6．There are other languages that sound extremely different, ________ they’re conveying exactly the same meaning. A．as though B．even though C．so that D．in that 7．—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A．though B．unless C．when D．because 8．Just underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories. A．since B．while C．as D．when 9．-I’d like to find a job in the library. -Good idea, ______ it doesn’t affect your studies. A．now that B．as soon as C．as long as D．even if 10．House prices vary from place to place and are usually high ______ there are famous schools. A．where B．when C．which D．whether 11．—Mr. Robert, I’d like to take a gap year to volunteer for a glo bal anti-Aids campaign.—That’s great, ______ you can afford the time. A．provided that B．in case C．even if D．so that 12．He hasn’t got any hobbies，________you call watching TV a hobby. A．when B．if C．unless D．since 13．The purpose of the research project has a more different meaning for them than _________. A．that for us B．it has for us C．it did for us D．it did for ours 14．The secretary made a note of it _____ she should forget. A．in order that B．in case