英语：30组短语辨析
1. burn down/burn out/burn up
burn down (火势)减弱，(被)焚毁；burn out烧尽，熄灭；burn up 被烧掉(毁)，烧得更旺。
2. how often/how long/how far/how soon
how often有"多久一次"的意思，是对做某事的频率提问。对how often的回答一般是：twice a year/three times a week。how long表示 "时间多久或物体多长"，表示时间时侧重指 "一段时间"。对how long的回答一般是时间段，如for three days。how far 是提问"路程有多远"，询问距离的，还可以表示程度。how soon 表示"多久之后"，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。对how soon的回答一般是：in + 时间段，如in two days/in five years。转载请注明出处：天星教育试题调研《考前抢分必备》
【真题回放】Students are always interested in finding out______they can go with a new teacher。(2020·安徽卷)
A. how far
B. how soon C how often D how long
答案： A
3. call at/call back/call for/call in/call on/call up
call at (a place) 访问(某地);call back 回电话; call for (公开)要求，需要; call in 要求退回，召来;call on 邀请，请求; call up 使回忆起，使想起。
4. come about/come across/come off/come out/come true/come up
come about 发生;come across(偶然)遇见;come off 能被去掉(或除去)；come out出版，发行; come true变为现实，实现;come up 长出地面，升起。
【真题回放】—Have you______some new ideas?
—Yeah. I’ll tell you later. (2020·江苏卷)
A. come about
B. come into
C. come up with
D. come out with
答案： C
5. cut down/cut off/cut through/cut up/cut in
cut down砍倒，削减；cut off打断，中断(供给)；cut through开辟(出路或通道)；cut up(严重地)割伤，打伤，切碎；cut in插嘴。
6. break out/break down/break away from/break into/break off/break through/break up
break out爆发；break down出故障，坏掉；break away from突然挣脱，逃脱；break into强行闯入；break off中断，断开；break through克服，战胜;break up拆开，打散。
7. bring in/bring up/bring about
bring in引入，赚得；bring up抚养，养育；bring about导致，引起。
8. run out/go out/give out/leave out
run out用完，耗尽；go out外出交际，送出，发出；give out用完，耗尽，停止运转; leave out省去，遗漏，不包括。转载请注明出处：天星教育试题调研《考前抢分必备》
【真题回放】—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______. (2020·江苏卷)
A. running out
B. going out
C. giving out
D. losing out
答案： A
9. get along with/get back/get close to/get down to/get in touch with/get off/get through
get along with与……相处；get back回去，返回；get close to接近；get down to开始做…… get in touch with与……联系(接触)；get off脱下；get through顺利通过(考试等)，拨通(电话)。
【真题回放】It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me ______ the clothes on the line? (2020·陕西卷)
A. get off
B. get back
C. get in
D. get on
答案： C
10. go away/go against/go ahead/go bad/go off/go on doing/go on with/go up
go away 走开，离家外出，消失；go against 违反，与……不符(或相反)；go ahead 走在前面，先走；go bad (食物)变坏，坏掉；go off 离开(尤指去做某事); go on doing sth. 继续干某事，不停地干某事; go on with sth。(尤指停顿或中断之后)继续做某事; go up (价格，温度等)上涨，上升。
11.keep back/keep fit/keep in touch with/keep on/keep up with/keep out
keep back 保留; keep fit 保持健康; keep in touch with 与……保持联系; keep on 继续;keep up with跟上，并驾齐驱；keep out 不进入，留在外面。
12. take after/take apart/take away/take down/take on/take off/take up/take over/take in
动词take的相关短语也是高频短语，常见的有：take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)；take apart拆卸，拆开(机器等);take away 解除，消除(感情、痛苦等);take down 拆掉，拆卸，误认为;take on 呈现，雇佣，承担(责任);take off 取消，脱下(衣帽等);take up 占用(时间)，占据(空间)，开始从事；take over 接管，接手;take in 留宿，收留，吸入。
【真题回放】 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ her job as a doctor in the countryside(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
A. set out
B. took over
C. took up
D. set up
答案： C
13. turn down/turn... into.../turn off/turn out/turn up/turn over
turn down 关小，把……调低；turn ... into ... 把……变成…… turn off 关掉(水、电、收音机等)；turn out 证明是，结果是；turn up 到达，偶然出现；turn over 转动，翻身。
【真题回放】— What are you reading, Tom?
—I’m not really reading, just ______ the pages。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
A. turning off
B. turning around
C. turning over
D. turning up
答案： C
14. die of/die from/die down/die out
die of死于(内在原因，如疾病等)；die from死于(外在原因，如事故等)；die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息；die out灭绝。
15.give away/give off/give out/give in to/give back
give away 捐赠，分发，泄露；give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)；give out发出，用完；give in to向……投降，让步； give back 使恢复，归还。
16. hold on/hold out/hold back/hold up
hold on(电话用语)等一下，别挂断；hold out坚持，抵抗，提供机会；hold back 隐瞒；hold up推迟，耽搁。
【真题回放】— If Peter there?
—______ , pleas e. I’ll see if I can find him for you. (2020·江苏卷)
A. Hold up B Hold on C Hold out D Hold off
答案： B
17. look into/look through/look on/look out/look down on
look into调查；look through快速查看；look on旁观；look out当心；look down on轻视，瞧不起。
18.make up/make out/make no sense/make up for/make the most of
make up构成，化妆；make out理解，明白(事理)；make no sense没有意义；make up for弥补； make the most of充分利用。
19.pay back/pay off/pay for
pay back(向某人)还钱；pay off付清；pay for 为……付费。
20.pick up/pick out
pick up 拿起，(为某人)收拾，(开车)接人，接收(信号、声音、图像等)，(偶然)学会；pick out 精心挑选，辨别出。
【易混短语辨析】
1. since then / from then on / ever since / ever before
since then意为 "从那时以来"，通常与动词的现在完成时连用，指从过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间。from then on意为 "从那时起"，通常与动词的一般过去时连用，指过去某一时刻之后的时间。ever since意为"自……以后，从……起"，其中since是副词，意为"从那以后"，通常与延续性动词的完成时态连用。ever before的意思是"在以往任何时候"，常出现在than后面，其中before是副词，有时可以省略，ever用以加强语气。如：
She has lived here since then.
From then on he was a model student.
He went to Tibet in 1956 and has lived there ever since.
It’s raining harder than ever (before).
2. on board /on the board /on the boards
on board泛指"在船上"，还可指"在飞机(火车，公共汽车等)上"。这个习语也可接船名或船的类型(如：on board the Dongfeng在东风号上；on board a liner 在邮轮上)。 on the board除可表示"在(具体的)这艘或那艘船上"外，还可表示"在会上讨论"。 on the boards中的boards是"舞台"的意思，其原义是"在舞台上"，现常引申为"做演员"或"演出"，常用在连系动词be后作表语。
3. too much/much too
much too意为"太……"，相当于very。too much 意为"太多"，可修饰不可数名词；若修饰可数名词，则用too many。如：
Now too many people become much too fat, for they eat too much.
4. on the air/in the air/in the open air
on the air意为"正在播送(电视、广播)"；in the air意为"在传播中，可感觉到的，流行"；in the open air意为"在户外"。如：
They were in the open air discussing a problem in the air when the news that a war broke out in Iraq was on the air.
5. at a distance/in the distance
at a distance 是"从远处"的意思，表示一定的距离、近距离或可以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以省略或是改为some。 in the distance 表示在"在远处"，强调距离之远。如：
This picture looks better at a distance.
We saw lights in the distance.
6. at any moment/at the moment/for a moment/for the moment/in a moment/the moment
at any moment 意为"随时，任何时候"，与at any time 及at all times同义；at the moment 表示"现在，此刻"的意思，用于一般现在时，也可以说成at this moment，相当于now/at present; for a moment 意为"片刻，一会儿"；for the moment 意为"目前，暂时"。in a moment 意为"立即，马上"，表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间；the moment 用来引导时间状语从句，意为"一……就……"，相当于as soon as。如：
We can ask him for help at any moment.
I am busy at the moment.
The man was silent for a moment.
For the moment he didn’t know what to say.
Hurry up, the film will start in a moment.
The moment I saw I knew that there was no hope.
7. care about/care for/take care of
care about 意为"关心，在意"，指由于某事重要，或是因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句； care for 意为"喜欢，照顾"。用作"喜欢"时一般用于否定句或是疑问句中；take care of 意为"照料"，相当于look after。如：He doesn’t care about his clothes.
I don’t really care for red wine.
Take care of yourself!
8. because of/owing to/due to/as a result of/thanks to
这些短语都可以表示原因，但用法不尽相同。
because of 意为"因为，由于"，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句末; owing to意为"由于，因为"，在句中通常作状语，其所引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，严格地讲，置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开，而because of 则不用；due to 所引导的短语在句中一般作表语和定语，但在很多场合中可以与owing to 通用；as a result of 意为"由于……"；thanks to 意为"幸亏，由于，因为"，它所引导的短语可以表达正面的意思(表示谢意)，也可以用于讽刺。如：
Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.
He was injured due to(=owing to) a car accident.
As a result of the war the lives of many people were lost.
Thanks to your rotten ideas, we went the long way. (含有讽刺的意味)
9. catch up with/keep up with
catch up with意为"赶上"，指从后面追上或改变落后的状况；keep up with 意为"跟上"，指齐步前进，并驾齐驱，不致落后或掉队。另外keep up with 还可以表示"与……保持联系"的意思。如：
Tom caught up with the German girl.
They tried to keep up with Britain in building ships.
10. take the place of/take one’s place/take place
take the place of sb./sth。相当于take sb.’s place/sth.’s place，即"代替某人或某物"；take one’s place意为"就位"；take place 意为"发生"，用作不及物动词，没有被动语态。如：更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》！
Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages.
Take your place, please. We are about to start.
This took place in London。
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