Questions 36 to 45 are based an the following passage.
It's an annual occurrence in the dry season: a smoky, hazardous haze blankets southern Malaysia and Singapore. This year it was so bad that in some affected areas there was a 100 percent rise in the number of asthma cases. Hundreds of schools were closed, and the government of Malaysia (36)______gas masks.
The source of the pollution lies across the Malacca Strait in Indonesia where (37) ______burning of forests to clear space for palm oil plantations continues unabated Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono offered a public
(38)______for what has happened and asked for the understanding of Singapore and Malaysia.
The Indonesian president promised to prosecute anyone(39)______in illegal slash-and-bum activities.Eight Southeast Asian companies are reportedly under (40)______But the ongoing deforestation seems to contradict past promises. In 2009, President Yudhoyono pledged to reduce by 26 percent greenhouse gas (41)______, caused mostly by deforestation. And in 2011he instituted a moratorium protecting designated forest areas. In exchange, (42)______ conscious Norway pledged $1 billion to support these efforts.
Ariana Alisjahbana at the World Resources Institute says local officials are not supporting the national plan."Actually it's a lack of coordination and lack of enforcement. So when we look over all the different rules Indonesia has on the books, (43) ______ speaking they're very, very good ones. But they're just not (44)______ "said Alisjahbana.
Although the economic incentive to replace forests with farms hampers conservation, Alisjahbana says long-term progress is being made.But she says a greater commitment to stop the slash-and-bum (45)______through incentives and strict penalties for violations is needed.
A. transport
B. illegal
C. apology
D. cheat
E. deforestation
F. out
G. enforced H. involved I. distributed J. environmentally
K. theoretically L. emissions M. practical N. examination O. investigation
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any(36)____you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a large store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain(37)____. In a chain store ask to see the manager.
Even the bravest person finds it difficult to complain face to face, so if you do not want to do it in (38)_____,write a letter. Be sure to39____to the facts and keep a
copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not(40)_____with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.
If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to(41)_____ or repair the faulty article. You may find this an(42)_____ solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back,but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some(43)_____loss, if for example a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper offers you a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops but you would rather have money, say so. If you accept a credit note remember that later you will not be able to ask for your money. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for(44)____ from your Citizens' Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back--if, for example, he changes an article simply because you don't like it or it does not fit. He does not hive to take back the goods in these(45)_____.
A. intimate
B. attractive
C. person
D. attachment
E. satisfied
F. receipt
G. contaminate
H. replace
I. special
J. stick
K.vigorously L. advice M. circumstances N. directly O.petitions
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (36)_____, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist (人类学家), there is no intrinsic(37)_____of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级制度) among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as (38)_____ and undeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for
the(39)_____of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or(40 )_____structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which41_____the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however,two things are to be noted: 1.
All languages seem to(42)______the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in"backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly(43)______and complicated.
This study of language, in turn, (44)_____a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed(45)_____, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
A. savage
B. superiority
C. conceive
D. transfer
E.identification
F.grammatical
G. reflect
H. reveals
I. numerous J . independently K. exclusive L. casts M. sense N. confidentially O. possess Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage．
Many of the aids which are advertised as liberating the modem woman tend to have the opposite effect,because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it． Machines have a certain novelty value,like toys for adults． It is （36 ）_____less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really37______too much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted first, stains38_____by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed．
It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a（39）______and not
necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required． Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop． If one compares the image of domesticated woman fostered by the women's magazines with the goods advertised by those periodicals, advertising which finances them, one realizes how useful a projected image can be in commerce． A careful （40）_______ has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving gadget, follow it up with a（41）_______recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness,（42）________ the creative aspect of her function as a housewife． So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce "that lovely home-baked（43）______the family love",and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became a tremendous vogue when they were first（44） _______（difficult to know who would wear all those rapidly produced sweaters, which lacked the advantages of hand-made woolens)． Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures
of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by（45）
_______women presetting the dinner before catching a bus to the office．
A． laundry B． exaggerate C ． emphasize D． certainly
E． indignant F． Removed G． Amount H． excessively
I． complicated J． handled K． flavor L． professional
M． introduced N． Calculation O． balance
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
England's highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a thread: deserted and unmanned (无人的 )since it was officially closed in 1970. Dent,
36_____ high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up On six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people
who37______want to catch a train from the highest station, on to its platform. But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an end.
Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most38_______in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rail's cash problems. This year, for the 39____ of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand 40______ a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen railway routes in the north of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost 41______ lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On42_____lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to43_____ them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another44_____. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs
were45______ at 200,000--just for one bridge--and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.
A. maintain
B. scenic
C. transcend
D. source
E. estimated
F. sake
G. complex
H.simply
I. consolidation
J. situated
K. respectively L. total M. major N. restrained O. scale
CHAPTER 1 I B C H O L J K G E CHAPTER 2 F N C J E H B I L M CHAPTER 3 M B A D F G O I L J CHAPTER 4 D G F A O I C K M L CHAPTER 5 J H B F O L M A D E
一、常用句型 １、开头 It's well known to us that... Recently,... has been brought to popular attention/has become the focus of public concern. One of the universal issues we are faced with / that cause increasing concern is that... People's view/opinions /ideas on ... vary from person to person.Some people think that ... they hold this opinion because... However,others hold that... 2、主要论述方法 A is to B what C is to D According to ..., but there is no evidence whatsoever to show... The example cited,while suggestive of these trends,is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to believe that the data drawn form... is representative of... As it stands, this argument suffers from three critical flaws. 3、结尾 In my opinion,it is more advisable to do ... than to do Taking into account all these factors,we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the
大学英语六级真题
6月大学六级考试试题 Part ⅠWriting Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 近年来大小写生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象 2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为…… Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese ________________________________ Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Obama's success isn't all good news for black Americans As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she
felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one second, it was a validation for my whole race," she recalls. "I've always been an achiever," says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. "But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now it's like a barrier has been let down." White's experience is what many psychologists had expected—that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour raci'st sentiments. "The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated," says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. "He's very
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of picture a nd then discuss whether technology is indispensable in education. You should give so undargument to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. “I’m going to need tech support” Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,
1.What do you think is the real challenge of studying at college? In my opinion, the real challenge of studying at college is the difference between the passive way we used to study in high school and the leisure way in college. Self-discipline is the key solution to face this kind of challenges. 2.How much do you enjoy college food? I enjoy college food very much. They are richer in nutrition as well as variety compared with the monotonous meals in high school time. 3.What do you think of campus couples feeding each other in the dinning hall? Well, in couple’s eyes, there are only each other in the world. They may pay no attention to others feelings. So, we should ignore what they are doing and be not green with them if you are still alone. 4.How do you solve the problems that arise among you and your roommates? I think I should put myself on their shoes and think the problem again in a justice and criticize way. Don’t consider myself a cut above the rest and compromise when
Model Test Four Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热 2.大学生考证的利弊 3.考证面前，我的选择 The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Guide Dogs For most dog owners, the expression “work like a dog”doesn’t make much sense. But some dogs happily perform very demanding jobs for much of their life, putting in a full day’s work just like the rest of us. Guide dogs, one of the most familiar sorts of working dog, provide an invaluable service to humans. Every day, they help their masters get from place to place more safely. What Guide Dogs Do Guide dogs help blind or visually impaired people get around in the world. In most countries, they are allowed to anyplace where the public is allowed, so they can help their handlers be in any place they might want to go to. To do this, a guide dog must know how to: ·Keep on a direct route, ignoring distractions such as smells, other animals and people ·Maintain a steady pace, to the left and just ahead of the handler ·Stop at all curbs until told to proceed ·Turn left and right, move forward and stop on command ·Recognize and avoid obstacles that the handler won’t be able to fit through (narrow passages and low overheads) ·Stop at the bottom and top of stairs until told to proceed ·Bring the handler to elevator buttons ·Lie quietly when the handler is sitting down ·Help the handler to board and move around buses, subways and other forms of public Vehicles ·Obey a number of verbal commands Additionally, a guide dog must know to disobey any command that would put the handler in danger. This ability, called selective disobedience, is perhaps the most amazing thing about guide dogs that they can balance obedience with their own assessment of the situation. This capacity is extremely important at crosswalks, where the handler and dog must work very closely together to navigate the situation safely. Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights, so the handler must make the decision of when it is safe to proceed across the road. The handler listens to the flow of traffic to figure out when the light has changed and then gives the command “forward”. If there is no danger, the dog proceeds across the road in a straight line. If there are cars approaching, the dog waits until the danger is gone and then follows the forward command. On the Job and After Hours Guide dogs enjoy their work immensely, and they get a lot of satisfaction from a job well done, but there is no
大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案 第一篇 A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year’s epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed. “It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review,” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways.” He said. In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions—generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations—have made it hard to interpret results. Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators（呼吸器）to help patients breathe, is the mainstay（主要支持）of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information,” Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published. The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations. 1. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for _____. A. gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected B. conducting clinical studies of SARS patients C. determining treatment for SARS D. publishing all the information about SARS
全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行） 教高厅［2005］1号 大学英语教学改革是“高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程”的一项重要内容，2004年，教育部组织制定了《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》。大学英语四、六级考试（以下简称四、六级考试）改革是大学英语教学改革的重要组成部分。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会（以下简称考委会）和大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组在广泛听取多方意见的基础上，经过近一年的研究和论证，根据《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》，制定本方案。 一、四、六级考试改革的指导思想、目标和原则 四、六级考试是为教学服务的标准化考试。考试改革的指导思想是在保持科学性、客观性和公正性的同时，使考试最大限度地对大学英语教学产生正面的导向作用，即：通过改革，引导师生正确处理教学与考试的关系，更合理地使用四、六级考试，使考试更好地为教学服务。考试改革的目标是更准确地测量我国在校大学生的英语综合应用能力，尤其是英语听说能力，以体现社会改革开放对我国大学生英语综合应用能力的要求。改革要按照前瞻性与可行性相结合、分步实施的原则进行，既有近期改革目标，又有中长期规划。 二、四、六级考试改革的措施 （一）全面改革计分体制和成绩报导方式 自2005年6月起，面向所有考生，四、六级考试成绩将采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线；成绩报导方式由考试合格证书改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报导内容包括：总分、单项分等；为使学校理解考试分数的含义并根据各校的实际情况合理使用考试测量的结果，四、六级考试委员会将向学校提供四、六级考试分数的解释。 （二）考试内容改革 按照《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》修订考试大纲，开发新题型，加大听力理解部分的题量和分值比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的题量和分值比例。试行阶段的四、六级考试内容由四部分构成：听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测试。听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题型的短文理解；听力题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分（Careful Reading）占25%，快速阅读部分（Fast Reading）占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试；快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。综合测试比例为15%，由两部分构成。第一部分为完型填空或改错，占10%；第二部分为短句问答或翻译，占5%。写作能力测试部分比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。试行阶段四、六级考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例如下表所示：近期内，四、六级考试口语考试仍将与笔试分开实施，继续采用已经实施了五年的面试型的四、六级口语考试（CET-SET）。同时，考委会将积极研究开发计算机化口语测试，以进一步扩大口语考试规模，推动大学英语口语教学。 （三）考务管理体制改革 2005年6月起，教育部考试中心将启用新的四、六级考试报名和考务管理系统，严格认定考生报名资格，加强对考场组织和考风考纪的管理，切实做好考试保密工作。从2006
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年12月大学英语六级模拟题 Part I Writing （30 minutes ） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Learn to Be Grateful by commenting on the saying, “God has two dwellings, one in heaven, and the other in a meek and thankful heart. Being grateful to others is a way to show your love.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Learn to Be Grateful ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ２０１４
全国大学英语四、六级考试 改革总方向、目标 为适应我国高等教育新的发展形势,深化教学改革,提高教学质量,满足新时期国家对人才培养的需要,2004年初教育部高教司组织制 定并在全国部分高校开始试点《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》（以下简称《教学要求》）.《教学要求》规定,大学英语课程的教 学目标是:培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,使他们在 今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流. 自《教学要求》在全国部分院校开始试点以来,广大教师积极参加和 关心这次改革,在教学模式、教学手段和教材使用等各方面做了许多 有益的尝试.参加试点的学生也普遍反映新的教学理念和方法大大提 高了他们学习英语的兴趣,实现了个性化学习,提高了学习的效率. 为此,作为对我国在校大学生英语能力是否达到《教学要求》的 主要鉴定手段的大学英语四、六级考试也必须相应改革,以适应新的 形势,使考试更好地为贯彻《教学要求》服务.在高教司的主持和领 导下,大学英语四、六级考试改革组和考试委员会经过反复研讨和论证,并广泛听取了大学英语第一线教师和学生的意见,制定了《全国 大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》. 大学英语四、六级考试是一种为教学服务的标准化考试.因此,考试改革的方向是在保持考试的科学性、客观性和公正性的同时,使考 试最大限度地对大学英语教学产生正面的导向作用,即通过四、六级 考试的改革,引导师生正确处理教学与考试的关系,更合理地使用四、六级考试,使考试更好地为教学服务.大学英语四、六级考试改革的 目标是更准确地测量我国在校大学生的英语综合应用能力,尤其是英 语听说能力,以体现社会改革开放对我国大学生英语综合应用能力的 要求.由于大学英语四、六级考试是一个超大规模的标准化考试,因 此考试的改革需前瞻性与可行性相结合,分步实施,既有近期改革目标,又有中长期规划.
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes) SECTION A 1. A) Prepare the coming exam carefully. B) Suggest a place to find his book. C) Try to find the book in his desk. D) Claim that he has lost the book. 2. A) She has already seen the movie. B) The movie is out of date. C) She has to do her project. D) Her computer is down. 3. A) Environment of the lecture. B) Topic of the lecture. C) Date of the lecture. D) Listeners’remarks about the lecture. 4. A) Study marine biology. B) Go to the beach. C) Go to attend the biology class. D) Buy some textbooks. 5. A) She cannot remember the title of the film. B) She has temporarily forgotten the name. C) This film is very excellent. D) The name is rather difficult to pronounce. 6. A) Jun 15th. B) Jun 5th. C) Jun 25th. D) Jun 20th. 7. A) 17 dollars. B) 8.5 dollars. C) 20 dollars. D) 10 dollars. 8. A) Follow the woman. B) Finish his project. C) Help the woman count. D) Help the woman . 9. A) She should not buy that new dress. B) She can buy the dress later. C) She should be careful about spending money. D) She should buy it right now. 10. A) He is now enjoying the weather.
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is