高考阅读猜词训练
猜测语义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型，通常在一套试题中有二至三个小题是直接考查语义猜测的.这种题主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查大家对语境的分析和把握能力。如果考生具备了一定的猜词能力，那么对于降低生词率，排除阅读理解中某些生词的干扰和最终提高阅读理解速度和阅读能力都有极大帮助。因此，今天我们来谈一谈如何猜测语义的方法。
常见的设问方式：
1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.
2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?
5.What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?
6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.
7.What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?
8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.
猜词规律探寻：一．过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。
（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is(to say), in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。
（3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。
eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled.
2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse(配偶) at a time.
Exercises:
1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre.
4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks
5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people.
Test 1 There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(症状). (NMET2004湖北卷B篇)
61. What is ARICEPT？
A、A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s
B、A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C、A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D、A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. (2004福建卷E篇) (1)According to the passage, The Pines is a ______.
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
二．利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。
eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener.
2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.
Exercises:
1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.
2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin.
3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts.
Test The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. (NMET2001全国A篇)
56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to
_______.
A、cars in the making
B、car rental firms
C、cars for rent
D、car makers
三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义
（1）利用反义关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有although, but, however, whereas(反
之),nevertheless(然而，不过)，on the contrary, in contrast（相对）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead(of), rather than 等。
（2）利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly
等。
eg. 1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism (乐观主义) can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness.
2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.
Exercises:
1. Though Tom’s face h as been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby.
2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.
3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
4. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.
5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味)，we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.
Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.(2004江苏卷E篇)
（1）The underlined word “agony” in t he last paragraph probably means_____
A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness
Test 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork(软木塞) in water.
（2）The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means______.
A. able to be used
B. able to move from one place to another
C. able to float or rise to the surface
D. able to carry anything
四．用语境猜测语义
（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如：I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give up e asily.
（2）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断生词词义。
eg. Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular. What a difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the coronation(加冕典礼) in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped.
Exercises:
1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first to get there and sure that I could get the ticket without any problem.
Question: The underlined wo rd “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____.
A. surprised
B. pleased
C. produced
D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
Question : The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____.
A. improved
B. increased
C. produced
D. sold
Test
These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.
Green building means, “reducing the impact of the building on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green building council in Washington, D.C. said.
61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “the building” most probably refers to ___.
A. an ordinary building
B. an energy-saving building
C. a green-colored building
D. a building in Washington, D.C.
五．利用构词法猜测语义
掌握前后缀规律，如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness 等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。
eg. 1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road
2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their innermost feelings…”
3. Impressionism is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look closely at an impressionist painting, you see little dots of different colored paints. When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture.
Test Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them? A form of favoritism will replace equality.(2004上海试C篇)
（3）The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that_____.
A. bright children also need certification to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certification are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
六．因果关系猜测词义常见的因果信号词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/such…that等。
eg. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was to long.
Exercises:
1. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
2. He didn’t hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV.
3. It rained, so the football match was postponed.
4. The young man was so bashful that he didn’t speak to the pretty girl.
七. 利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以下正确猜出语义。
eg. 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.
Exercises:
1.The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.
2. If a man feels very cold, he always huddles himself up.
3. What could John expect? He had left his wet swimming trunks(游泳裤) in the dark closet for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew.
4. A fish breathes in water with gills.
Test1 Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.
(1)The word “pillion” in this sentence probably means ______. A. an object used for
sleeping B. a bay on which on can rest C. a seat for second person on a motorcycle D. a place for sitting
Test2 One of Britain’s bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police Killer David Bieber and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said she could be in line
for a share of up to￡30,000 reward money. (2) The underlined phrase “be in line for” in paragraph 1 means ____.
A. get
B. be paid
C. ask for
D. own
八．熟词生义猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：
（1）该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思；
（2）考查一些代词的指代现象；
（3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性。
eg. 1.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service.
2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?
3. Many people work to keep animals from being killed. Some people help animals as part of their job, others do it just because they like animals. Question: In this paragraph, the word “their” refer s to _____.
A. some people
B. some animals
C. many people
D. many animals
4．Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana.
思考：延伸到完形填空Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought, announcing that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless payments were brought up to date. I remember that when she read the letter I became frightened. I could __41__ us starving go death and all sorts of things that could come to child’s mind.
41. A. suppose B. picture C. stand D. regret
附录：熟词有新义1．fire vt. 解雇2．fine vt. 罚款3．fall n. 秋天4．wind vt. 使弯曲前进或迂回、蜿蜒5．lay vt. 下蛋、产卵6．spring n. 泉水、弹簧、弹力；vt. 跳跃7．mine n. 矿山；vt. 开采（矿物）8．can n. 罐头9．bear vt. 忍受10．stand vt. 忍受课后思考还有哪些熟词生义的例子：高考实战
训练：
2003北京春招B篇As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.
Now, perhaps, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, and what it is for. Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world. They feel that the long-hours work culture to make more money to buy more things is eating up their lives, leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes. Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of them.
Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year. One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank. They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs(郊区), leaving their two children with a nanny（保姆）. Most evenings Daniel wo uldn’t get home until eight or nine o’clock, and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings. They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by.
Nowadays, they run a farm in the mountains of Wal es. “I always wanted to have a farm here,” says Daniel, “and we took almost a year to make the decision to downshift. It’s taken some getting used to, but it’s been worth it. We have to think twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no longer h ave any holidays. However, I think it’s made us stronger as a family, and the children are a lot happier.”
Liz, however, is not quite sure. “I used to enjoy my job, even though it was hard work and long hours. I’m not really a country girl, but I suppose I’m gradually getting used to looking after the animals. One thing I do like, though, is being able to see more of my children. My advice for other people wanting to do the same is not to think about it too much or you might not do it at all.”
63．What does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Child-caring. B．Liz’s advice.
C．Downshifting D．Liz’s job.
64．The underlined word “downshifting” in the second paragraph means_____.
A．repairing your car by yourself
B．spending money carefully
C．moving out to the countryside to live a simpler and better life
D．living in a big house in the suburbs and dining out once a wee
小结：生词不可怕，只要方法得当，不是不可攻克。方法多，但不可孤立，要综合应用，做到优化解题。我的收获：我的思考：思考：从2和4中的高考例题中我们可以得出：（关注社会知识性的文章，以丰富我们的社会阅历，社会知识，以助我们解题。）
猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：
1.根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句
子或段落本身就是推断词义。
2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供
的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或
是从句。
3．根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索
4. 根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或
现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其
词义。
5.根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的
相似关系。
6. 根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。7．根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。
8．根据前缀猜测词义
9．根据后缀猜测词义
10．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
练习题:
1. A roof is the top of a house or building.
A.底部
B.顶部
C.证据
D.屋顶
2. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious
.A. 健谈的B.健忘的C.粗心的D.贪婪的
3. Tom is considered an autocratic leader because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
A.聪明的
B.容易相处的
C.专制的D蛮横的
4. When it snows, children like to make snowmen.
A冰球B 雪人C气球D泥人
5. The advance of science is unstoppable.
A有能力的B停下来C不会停止的D快速的
6. Glance" is another way of saying "look".
A表情B抢劫C扫视D焚烧
7. Mei Mei is a diligent and careful girl. She is a good student. All her teachers like her.
A懒惰的B吝啬的C勤奋的D慷慨的8.The old woman has a strange habit (习惯) to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady. A粗俗的B愤怒的C古怪的D勤劳的
9.Be punctual when you are going to a party. Never be late
A守时的B穿戴整齐C守信的D守诺的
10.There is little furniture in the room. For example, there is no TV set, no fridge, no electric fan. There is even no desk in it.
A电器B图画C温度D家具
11.She brought out a lot of things for us to eat-apples, pears, bananas, grapes, mangoes and some biscuits. A塑料B球拍C芒果D窗帘
12.He is a millionaire. He has a lot of money. Every year he travels to other countries with his family. He even plans a trip into space.
A十亿B雇员C 失业者D百万富翁
13.The door was so low that I hit my head on the
lintel
A门楣B地板C马车D钢筋
14..Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
A改变B不变的C多彩的D优美的
15. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken．
A喜剧B悲剧C 哑剧D台词
16.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun
A有趣的事B无聊之事C一团糟D麻烦事
17.Be careful of these stones ,They are slippery or you will fall into the water.
A拖鞋B坚硬的C滑的D舒适的
18.A: Are you having breakfast or lunch?
B: Oh, I am having brunch
A早餐B午餐C晚餐D早午餐
19. A president is known as the head of a country or university A校长B老板C领导D职员
20.Tom is often voracious. One day he ate as much as two pounds of meat.
A贪婪的B淘气的C顽皮的D贪吃的
高考英语阅读理解-生僻单词-猜词十大招数 构词法 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able;其中see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。 同义词近义词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
反义词猜词 对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 语境猜词 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。 特别提醒： 在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。 原因有三：
其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%; 其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解; 其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。 利用定义和解释猜词 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 利用例证猜词 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。―猜测词句意义‖题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
专题复习： 关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。 常用的问题形式： 1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________． 2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________． 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________． 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？ 6. According to the passage, ―…‖ probably means ______________. 7. The author uses the word ―…‖ to mean __________. 8. The underlined word/phrase/team ―…‖means ______________. 9. The word ―…‖ in paragraph …refers to __________. 10. What does ―…‖ in the second paragraph stands for? 11. The sentence ―…‖ means _______________. 例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word ― yielded‖ most probably means__________. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago. In this paragraph the phrase ―this wide, confused wilderness‖ refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The mayor of Flint offered Miss Michigan Emily Sioma high praise on Tuesday for speaking out at this weekend's Miss America conference about the city's water crisis. "I was really excited for her to do that," Mayor Karen Weaver told TMZ. "I think she was very brave because so many times you say who you are and where you're from and just general information. For her to take that opportunity and use her platform and use her voice to speak up about what's going on in Michigan and in Flint, in particular, was just amazing." Emily Sioma, 24, introduced herself on stage on Sunday by saying, "From the state with 84 percent of the U. S. fresh water but none for its residents to drink. I am Miss Michigan Emily Sioma." The brief 'speech was a reference to Flint, a town with lead-filled drinking water. Weaver said Sioma's decision to speak about the Flint water crisis demonstrated her impressive character. "I applaud her for being a brave young woman. And it also shows you that she's not a selfish person," Weaver said. "She could have talked only about herself, but she chose to use this opportunity to bring attention to, and keep attention on, what's going on in Flint, what's going on with water quality standards what's going on with this broken infrastructure(基础设施) that we have across the country. " Ratings showed that 4. 3 million viewers watched the ABC program. Although Miss New York Nia Imani Franklin ultimately won the competition, many Twitter users quickly got behind Sioma, who did not make the final 15, after her introduction. "Emily Sioma wanted to make an impact," one Twitter user wrote on Sunday. Regardless of whether you agree with what she said or not- she is shining light on a pressing issue that we have in our state and that is still not solved. That is a Miss America." （1）What does the underlined word "water crisis" refer to in Paragraph 1? A.Water transportation. B.Water shortage. C.Water reservation. D.Water quality. （2）How does the mayor find Emily Sioma? A.Curious and cautious. B.Brave and unselfish. C.Proud and admirable. D.Talkative and outgoing. （3）What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 5? A.Summarize the previous paragraphs. B.Introduce the ABC program. C.Emphasize Sioma's influence. D.Add some background information. （4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.The Mayor of Flint
Group1 1）They described him as a loon, or a mad man. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 2）It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. 3）In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals : Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker. 4）Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Group2 1）If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent. 2）He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 3）In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. 4）Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. Group3 1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 2）That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 3) Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his w hite sneakers. 4) The vixen was not as fortunate as her mate, and was caught in the trap. Her red fur would bring a good price. One more skill 1) Overwork may cause diseases. 2）There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes. 3）Don't listen to his nonsense. 4）Jason is a language specialist. 1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 2.(2003年全国卷，C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 3.(2006年福建卷，A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。 I.根据上下文语境进行猜测 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如： 例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business 62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？ A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？ A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. （二）根据定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other
With the development of information technology, it is getting increasingly mature, and gradually infiltrated into all kinds of industries. Network information-seeking is an important way for people to search information. However, as there is a mass of information on internet。 2007年高考备考阅读理解中的猜词技巧 1. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping 2. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner’s hand had almost reached them. A. hardly noticeable B. heavy-handed C. not capable of fast or immediate action D. a matter of habit 3. Mrs. Morga n’s son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A. superior manner B. wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C. showing too great concern for current fashions D. insults to family or close friends 4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic 5. I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A. deceive B. frighten C. talk out of it D. accompany 6. Albert’s success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again 7. He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no
高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting (稀释)" the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. （1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea? A.It's time to shorten the learning process. B.Best learning takes place over time. C.University education should be watered down. D.College education calls for reform. （2）We can learn from the passage that ________. A.most American universities are against the "three-year degree" model B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" model C.professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" model D.The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient （3）In most US universities, ________. A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time