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2021年中考英语总复习必考语法知识总复习汇编(精华版)

2021年中考英语总复习必考语法知识总复习汇编(精华版)
2021年中考英语总复习必考语法知识总复习汇编(精华版)

2021年中考英语总复习必考语法知识总复习汇编(精华版)Ⅰ词类。

(一)名词:

专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如China, John, London, the USA, Harbin .

个体名词:表示单个的人或事物。如boat, chair, desk, apple .

集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如family, people, class, police . 可数名词

普通名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质。如water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton .

抽象名词:表示抽象概念的词。如health, help, work, friendship . 不

可数名词

2.名词的数。可数名词有单复数,不可数名词没有单复数。

3.名词的格:名词有三个格:主格(作主语)、宾格(作宾语)、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。

(二)冠词

1.定冠词-the .

○1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。The students are very good.

○2说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ?

○3重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black .

○4表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth .

○5形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south .

○6乐器的名称前常用定冠词-the 。I like playing the piano / violin .

○7和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表某一类人。We should help the poor .

○8放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the people’s Republic of China .

○9放在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching TV .

○10固定词组中。In the morning / afternoon / evening .

2.不定冠词-a / an .

○1指人或事物的某一种类。A horse is a useful animal. A table has four legs.

○2指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me a pencil, please. We write with a pen.

○3指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。The book was written by a peasant. Last month we were working in a factory.

○4不定冠词还可以指“事物的单位”,如“每日”、“每斤”等。 Here is a letter for you . The meat is 18 yuan a kilo.

3.零冠词。

○1泛指人类或男女。Man will conquer nature .

○2抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时,通常不加冠词。Knowledge begins with practice .

○3有些个体名词有时可以转化成具有抽象意义,其前面也常不加冠词。We had better send him to hospital at once.

○4在专有名词前一般不用冠词。China is a great country. Mr Smith is an artist.

○5在三餐饭何球类运动名称之前不用冠词。He often goes out for a walk after supper. Sometimes I play basketball.

○6在节假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前。October 10th is Teachers’ Day.

○7称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词。Granny is sleeping now. We call him monitor.

○8在语言名词前,名词前有指示代词、物主代词或数词时,不用冠词。This is his book. I can speak English .

○9不用冠词的惯用语。At night / on food / go to town / at home / in class / at work 等。(三)形容词

1.形容词的构成。

○1简单形容词由一个单词构成。Good, long, green, large, bright, interesting, surprised, learned, developing, sleeping .

○2复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip, part-time, good-looking.

2.形容词的用法。

○1修饰名词作定语。She is a beautiful girl .

○2作表语。He is very strong.

○3作宾语补足语。Let the door open. You must keep your classroom clean .

○4“定冠词+形容词”表示一类人或物,在句子中可作主语或宾语。We should speak to the old politely.

○5大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语,但少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语。如:asleep, ill, awake 等。

○6有些形容词只能作定语而不能作表语。如:many, little, wooden, golden 等。

3.形容词的位置。

○1形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面。A heavy box.

○2与表示度量的词连用,形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面。3 metre long. 12 kilometer away .

○3与不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing 等连用时,可以放在这些词之后。Something important . nothing serious .

○4当名词前有多个形容词修饰时,一般按下面的词序排列:冠词(包括物主代词、序数词、基数词)-描述形容词(brave, beautiful)-表示形状(大小、长短、高矮)的形容词-表示年龄或新旧的形容词-表示颜色的形容词-表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词-表示材料、物质的形容词-表示用途或类别的形容词-被修饰的词。My nice small brown leather bag . those large round black wooden tables . 4.形容词的比较级和最高级。(一般加er / est ,不规则见表)

○1原级的用法:“……和……相同”

A.肯定句:A +动词+as +形容词原级+as +B . He is as tall as me .

B.否定句:A…+not as +形容词原级+as +B (即A 不如B 那么…)

A…+not so +形容词原级+as +B = A…+ less +形容词原级+than + B .

○2比较级的用法:

A.A+动词+形容词的比较级+than +B . (A 比B 更…,在这种句型中,比较级前面可用much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, any, far 等修饰,表示“…得多”,“甚至…”,“更…”,“…一点儿”。B.“比较级+and +比较级”、“more and more +部分双音节或多音节的原级”译为“越来越…”。○3最高级的用法:(个体用-of ,范围用-in,最高级前面要用定冠词-the)

A.三种最高级表示法。

最高级:Shanghai is the largest city in China .

比较级:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China . / Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China .

原级:No other city is as large as Shanghai in China . / No other city is larger than Shanghai in China . (四)副词

1.副词的种类:

○1时间副词:often, always, usually, early, ago, already, before, ever, late, now, soon, since, tomorrow, just now…

○2地点副词:here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere …

○3方式副词:hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully…

○4程度副词:very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enough …

○5疑问副词:how, when, where, why …

○6关系副词:when, where, why …(引导定语从句)

○7连接副词:how, when, where, why, whether …

○8频率副词:often, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, every day, always, hardly …

○9其他副词:really, certainly, surely, maybe …

2.副词的用法:

○1作状语: He can finish the work easily .

○2作定语(要后置): The students here are from Harbin .

○3作表语: I must be off now .

○4作宾补,构成复合宾语: Show him up . I saw him out with my sister last night . 3.副词的比较级和最高级。(一般加 er / est ,不规则见表)

○1副词的原级:

A.as + 副词的原级 + as “与…一样”

B.not as(so) + 副词的原级 + as “与…不一样”

C.too + 副词的原级 + to do sth . “太…而不能”

D.so + 副词的原级 + that 从句“如此…以致于…”

E.副词的原级 + enough to do sth . “足够…能做…”

○2副词的比较级:

A.A + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B

B.副词比较级前也可以用 much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot 等修饰。 C.比较级+ and + 比较级,表示“越来越…”,the more… the more …表示“越…就越…” D.副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词 the .

(五)数词

1.基数词:

2.序数词:

○1作主语:The first is better than the second .

○2作宾语:He was among the first to arrive .

○3作表语:He is the first to come to school .

○4作定语:The ninth letter of the word “restaurant”is “n”./ There are three thousand workers

in the factory . (六)代词

(七)动词

注:动词(除情态动词,只有原形和过去式)有原形、第三人称单数、动词-ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。

(八)介词

1.介词的种类:

○1简单介词:in, at, of, from, since, around, to…

○2合成介词:onto, into, without, upon, within …

○3短语介词:because of, in front of, according to …

○4分词介词:regarding, following, concerning …

2.介词短语在句子中的作用:

○1作定语。I know the answer to the question .

○2作状语。The children are playing basketball in the playground .

○3作表语。Mike is in the classroom .

○4作宾语补足语。He found himself in the middle of the river .

○5作主语补足语。Tom was seen inside the cinema .

3.常用介词的基本用法:

○1表示时间的介词(at, in, on, for, since, after, by, during, before, from, to, until, within …)

○2表示位置,方位的介词(in, at, on, to …)

○3表示交通方式的常用介词(by, on, in …)

○4其他一些词组搭配介词(be angry with/at/about sb/sth . be strict with/in/ sb/sth …)(九)连词

1.并列连词:

○1表联合关系连词。(and, or, but, for, not only…but also, as well as, both…and…, neither…nor .)

○2转折连词。(but, while, yet, however .)

○3选择连词。(or, or else, either…or…, otherwise .)

2.从属连词:

○1引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的连用,主要有三个:that, whether, if . I hear that he is a student .

○2引导状语从句的从属连词:

A.连接时间状语从句:when, before, after, while, as soon as, since, until, as, whenever, ever since …

B.连接让步状语从句:although, though, even if, however …

C.连接原因状语从句:as, because, since, now that, for …

D.连接目的状语从句:that, so that, in order that …

E.连接条件状语从句:if, unless, once, in case …

F.连接结果状语从句:so…that, such…that …

G.连接方式状语从句:as, as if, as though …

H.连接地点状语从句:where .

I.连接比较状语从句:as, as…as, not as/so …as, than …

(十)非谓语动词

1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。

2.动词不定式:to +动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)

○1一般式:主动语态:to do , 被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

○2进行式:主动语态:to be doing , 被动语态:无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

○3完成式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)

○4用法:

A.作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language .

中考英语 英语 语法填空(及答案)

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我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

最新中考英语语法必考知识点大全

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初三中考英语语法填空习题(含答案)

There are four people in my family. They are my parents, my elder brother and I. My mother is 1 house wife, and she works the 2 (hard) in my family. I 3 (usual) help her with the housework on weekends. My father is a 4 (teach). He has many lovely 5 (student). And he loves his job very much. My brother is 6 actor. He has 7 (work) for five years and he lives in another flat 8 (lonely) now. He often 9 (invite) us to go to his home to have dinner. I am a middle school student. I enjoy 10 (play) tennis in my spare time. My family members have a close relationship. I have a happy family. My parents care about my study very much. When I do very well in 1 exam, my parents celebrate 2 for me. My mother usually cooks a delicious meal 3 my father always 4 (give) me a book as a present. He knows that I am 5 (interest) in reading books very much. But they also think it is important to develop 6 (person) independence. For example, some parents don’t expect their children to do the housework at home. Because they think 7 most important thing for them is to study well. But my parents have different 8 (opinion). They always ask me to help 9 the housework at home. So I can look after 10 (I) well.

初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

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