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情态动词的用法总结

情态动词的用法总结
情态动词的用法总结

情态动词的用法总结2

情态动词表示可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测等意义,它们本身虽有一定词义,但不能独立用作谓语、也没有人称和数的区别,其后必有动词原形,共同构成复合谓语。

possibility: can / could, may / might certainty: must, will, should

ability: can / could, be able to permission: can / could, may / might

requests: can / could, will / would suggestions: could / may /might, shall

necessity: must, have to, have got to, need advice: ought to, had better

语法特征

1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加- s (have to, have got to, be able to 除外)。

2. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

3. 情态动词本身具有一定词义,但不能单独做谓语, 后一般接动词原形一起构成谓语部分(ought to, have to/have got to, be able to除外)。

4. 情态动词无非谓语形式,即无不定式、分词等形式。

1. can和be able to

1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于现在式和过去式can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以做。I can climb this pole. He is only four , but he can read. Fire can't destroy gold.

因为can不能和其他助动词连用,所以表示将来式时用will be able to :

You will be able to skate after practising it times.

2)表可能性Can the news be true? It can't be true. What can he possibly mean?

3)表示允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗?Can I smoke here ?

could表过去的能力、可能和许可,(间引)At that time we thought the story could not be true.

4) be able to可以用于各种时态。只用be able to的情况:a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/ were able to,不能用could。

注意:could不表示时态,只表示:

1) 提出委婉的请求,回答中不可用could。--- Could I have the television on? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

2) 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He couldn't be a bad man.

2. may和might

1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。May God bless you! He might be at home.

注: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2)当回答由may 引起的问题时,否定答语要用must not,表示"不许可"、"不应该"、"不行"。

May I come in? ( = can ) Yes, you may. No, you mustn't.

3)表建议(可和as well 连用)成语:may/ might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式意为"不妨"

e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try. You may as well stay where you are.

might 1)表过去的"可能"和"允许"多用于间接引语She said that he might take her dictionary.

除在间接引语中外,might一般不表示过去的"可能"与"许可"。表过去的"可能"可用could,表过去的"许可"可用were (was) allowed to。2)表现在的"可能",其可能性要比may小。Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.

3. have to和must

1) 两词都是"必须"的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要。e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 1、must 的主要用法。

1)表示必须、必要We must do everything step by step .

2)must 的否定式有两个:当回答由must引起的问题时,否定答复要用needn't或don't have to 表"不必"、"无须"、"用不着"、"不一定"的意义。当表示"不应该"、"不许可"、"禁止"时,就用must not。

Must I go tomorrow? 明天我必须去吗?Yes, please.是的,请吧!No , you needn't.( = don't have to ) 不,你不必去。You must not smoke here. 你不准在这儿吸烟.

have to的含义与must是很接近的,只是have to 比较强调客观需要,must 着重说明主观看法。

I must clean the room.(主观想法)It's getting late. I have to leave now.(客观需要)

另外,have to 能用于更多时态:We had to be there at ten . We will have to reconsider the whole thing.

have to 的否定式:don't have to do "不必做……" 。You don't have to go right now.

2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3) 在否定结构中:don't have to 表示"不必"; mustn't表示"禁止"。You mustn't tell him about it.

4. 情态动词ought to 的用法。Ought to 后接动词原形,表义务,但不及must 那样具有信心:

You don't look well. You ought to go to the doctor.

Ought to 用于否定句,可缩略为oughtn't to。You oughtn't to smoke so much.

也可以用于疑问句,如:Ought you to smoke so much?你应该抽这样多烟吗?

Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变,如:He said you ought to tell the police.

5. 情态动词shall与should 的用法

1、shall的用法

1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见,如:What shall I wear on the journey? Shall we dance?

2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺,She shall get her share. You shall have it back tomorrow.

情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式,主要用法有:

1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿,但语气较委婉温和,如:What should we do now?

2)表示应该、必须,常与must 换用。例如:We should (must) master a foreign language at least.

3) 在"It is natural (strange, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……"句型中,在"It is suggested / ordered / demanded that..."句型中,主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形"表示"理所当然"、"奇怪"、"必要"、"惊异"等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以备万一)等之后也要用"should+动词原形" 如:It is strange that he should say so.

6. 情态动词will和would的用法

1)表示意志,决心或愿望。例如:He would not let me try it .

2)will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性,would表示过去的习惯行为。(必须与行为动词连用,would= used to) 例如:He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.

3)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中,表示对对方的请求,would的语气比will委碗:

Would/Will you kindly tell me the way to the station?

7. 情态动词need和dare的用法这两个词只能算"半情态动词",它们作情态动词用时,一般用在否定句和疑问句中,如果用在肯定句中,多数是实义动词,一般现在时单数第三人称就要加s,并有时态变化,后接不定式时须带to,

试比较:Need I explain once more? (情态)The question needs to be discussed. (实义)

She dare not tell the truth to him. (情态)We should dare to think, to speak and to act.(实义)

She doesn't dare to go out at night by herself.(实义She dare not go out at night by herself.(情态)

8. should和ought to should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。

e.g. --- Ought he to go? --- Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由should(应该)、(had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

9. had better表示"最好" had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。had better (not) do e.g. It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.

had better have done表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。You had better have come earlier.

10. would rather表示"宁愿" would rather (not) do would rather…than…宁愿…而不愿

would sooner\ had rather\ had sooner表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

e.g. If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school

11. will和would 1) would like to do = want to 想要 e.g. Would you like to go with me?

2) Will you…? / Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。

3) 否定结构中用will, 一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。e.g. Won't you sit down?

12. need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to时常可以被省略。1) 实义动词: need+ n. / to do sth.2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not.

e.g. --- Need you go yet? --- Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.

3) need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表被动need doing = need to be done

情态动词的推测用法

从推测角度分:

可能(1--50%) might; may; could; 很可能(60-90%) should; ought to; would; will

肯定(100%) must 不可能(0%) can't

---There's someone at the door. Didn't you hear the bell? ---It ________ be Jack.

从形式角度分

一般式Model V. + be / do 进行式Model V. + be doing 完成式Model V. + have done

He should be back now. He must be watching the live football match. She may have arrived there.

表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:

must表示推测

1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。

2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, 后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行时。e.g. You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.(对现在情况推测判断)

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较: He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时, 要接完成时。

e.g. I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测, 后面要接不定式的完成进行时。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call? ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用can't. e.g. If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.

1) 情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。

e.g. I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

2) 情态动词+动词现在进行时, 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

e.g. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers

3) 情态动词+动词完成时, 表示对过去情况的推测。

e.g. We would have finished this work by the end of next December.

4) 情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时, 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

e.g. Your mother must have been looking for you.

5) 推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

e.g. Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

注: could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。

6.情态动词+have+过去分词

1) may (might) have + done sth., can (could) have + done sth. 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2) must have done sth., 表对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,有"肯定"的意思。

e.g. --- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. --- She must have gone by bus.

当情态动词表示推测时,其所在的句子的反意疑问句的简短问句应与情态动词后的主要动词的形式相呼应。①Model V + be 是对现在所作推测,反意问句应作为一般现在时或现在进行时处理。

He may be in the library, isn't he? (I'm afraid )He is in the library, isn't he?

They can't be playing on the playground, are they? (I'm sure )They aren't playing, are they?

②Model V. + have done 是对过去或人生经历所作推测,反意问句应作为一般过去时或现在完成时处理。如:You must have seen the film yesterday, didn't you? He can't have missed the train then, did he? She must have

been to the Great Wall, hasn't she? They may have lived here for a long time, haven't they?

3) ought to have done sth.\should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做; 否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。注: ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

e.g. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)

4) needn't have done sth. 本没必要做某事

e.g. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth. 本打算做某事

e.g. I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

情态动词的虚拟用法

could have done 本来可以做惋惜might have done 本来也许可以惋惜

needn't have done 原本不必做惋惜should have done 本应该做责备

shouldn't have done 本不应该做责备ought to have done 本应该做责备

I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.

If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it's going to rain.

They should not have left so soon. You ought not to have been so careless.

3) ought to have done sth.\should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做; 否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。注: ought to 在语气上比should 要强。He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(已扔了。)

4) needn't have done sth. 本没必要做某事

e.g. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth. 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

2008全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词真题

01、(08全国卷II’ 17) Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. may

02、(08上海春卷’ 27) When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches

A. wouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. mustn’t

D. daren’t

03、(08上海卷’29) According to the air traffic r ules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.

A. may

B. can

C. would

D. should

04、(08天津卷’ 06)She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.

A. can’t

B. wouldn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

05、(08重庆卷’ 30) ---I can’t find my purse anywhere. ---You have lost it while shopping.

A. may

B. can

C. should

D. would

06、(08辽宁卷’ 22)Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

A. shall

B. should

C. can

D. must

07、(08山东卷’ 24)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.

A. can manage

B. could have managed

C. could manage

D. can have managed

08、(08江苏卷’ 35) —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.—Forget it.

I was a bit out of control myself.

A. shouldn’t shout

B. shouldn’t have shouted

C. mustn’t shout

D. mustn’t have shouted

09、(08江西26)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.

A. need have done

B. must have done

C. can have done

D. might have done

10、(08浙’11)You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

A. wouldn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

11、(08湖南卷’28)You don’t have to kno w the name of the author to find a book. You ___ find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would

12、(08陕西卷’09)–What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?

--Well, it be big--that’s not important. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t

13、(08四川卷’10)Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

A. must

B. may

C. shall

D. should

14、(08福建卷’24) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would

Key: 1-5 ________________ 6-10________________ 11-14_______________ 2008全国1-5 DCDAA 6-10 CBBDB 11-14 CBBB

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习 1.can / could用于表推测的用法 (1) 从使用句型上看,can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句,而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别,只是could 比can 更委婉,更不确定。如:It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。 What can [could] they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢? We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。 注:can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测,主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的,但实际未必会发生),或表示“有时”之意。如: Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。 (2) 从时间关系看,对现在或将来情况作推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况作推测,后接be doing 结构;对过去情况作推测,后接动词完成式。如: He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。 He can’t [couldn’t] have understood. 他不可能理解了。

Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外,还有以下重要用法: ①表示过去没有实现的可能性,常译为“本来可以”。如: I could have lent you the money.Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做,常译为“本来应该”。如: You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如: I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法 表示推测,两者都可用,只是might 比may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。如: He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

英语情态动词用法总结含答案百度文库

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