第一课
一．It is also important to consider how the design process fits with all functions that must happen to deliver a satisfactory product to the customer and to service the product throughout its life cycle.
考虑设计过程如何，满足所有功能也是很重要的，这些功能必须恰好把满意的产品交给顾客，并在整个产品的生命周期内服务该产品。
二．Such as gears, belt drives, chain drives, shafts , bearings , keys, splines , couplings, sesls , springs , connections (bolted, riveted , welded, adhesive ), electric motors , linear ,motion devices, clutches , and brakes
例如齿轮，传送带，链传动，轴，轴承，键，花键，联轴器，密封圈，弹簧，连接件（螺栓、铆钉、焊接、胶黏剂），电动机，线型的，动力装置，离合器和制动。
三．Functions tell us what the device must do, using general , nonquantitative statements that employ action phrases such as “to support a load ”, “lift a crate”,”to transmit power ”, or “to hold two structural members together ”,etc.
有的功能告诉我们一些装置必须做的事，用大体的，非定量的声明那些使用行动的词组，例如：“支撑一个载体”，“抬起一个箱子”，“传动能量”，或者“把两种构件结合在一起”等。
第二课
四、Tools , knives , chisels, and many agricultural implement components are among these uses.
有的功能告诉我们一些装置必须做的事，用大体的，非定量的声明那些使用行动的词组，例如：“支撑一个载体”，“抬起一个箱子”，“传动能量”，或者“把两种构件结合在一起”等。五、These alloys are nonmagnetic and are typically used in food processing equipment .
这些合金是没有磁性的和典型的用于食品加工装备。
第三课
六、Thermosetting plastics do undergo some changes during forming and result in a structure in which the molecules are cross-linked and formed a network of interconnected molecules . Some designers recommend the terms “linear”and “cross-linked ”in place of the more familiar thermoplastic and thermosetting.
成型期间，热固性塑料结构的确要发生一些改变，造成分子交叉链接，分子之间形成一种网络。一些设计者介绍术语“线形”和“网状型”来代替更为熟悉的热塑性和热固性。
七、The matrix serves to hold the filler in a favorable orientation which is relative to the manner of load and to distribute the loads to the filler.
基料的作用在于使填充料在相对于载荷保持有利的定位，并将载荷分散到填充料上。
第四课(必考)
八、Gears are toothed , cylindrical wheels used for transmitting motion and power from one rotating shaft to another , The teeth of a driving gear mesh accurately in the spaces between teeth on the driven gear . The driving teeth push on the driven teeth , exerting a force perpendicular to the radius of the gear . Thus , a torque is transmitted , and because the gear is rotating , power is also transmitted .
齿轮是有齿的，圆柱型的轮子，用把运动和能量从一个轴传递到另一个轴,主动轮的齿准确啮合在从动轮的轮齿之间。主动轮的齿推动从动轮的齿,产生一个垂直于齿轮半径的力矩。因此,可以传
输扭矩,并且由于齿轮的旋转、还能传递能量。
九、An involute curve by taking a cylinder and wrapping a string around its circumference can be seen。Tie a pencil to the end of the string , Then start with the pencil tight against the cylinder ,and hold the string taut Move the pencil away from the cylinder while keeping the string taut , The curve drawed is an involute .
用一个圆柱体和包在它表面的一条线可以演示一条渐开线曲线的生成。在绳子的末端绑个铅笔,把绳子紧绕在圆柱体上到铅笔紧靠近其表面，然后拉紧绳子使铅笔远离缸,画得的曲线就是一条渐开线。
十、On helical gears ,the teeth are inclined at an angle with the axis , that angle being called the helix angle . If the gear was very wide , it in a continuous , helical path .
对斜齿圆柱齿轮，轮齿与轴有一定的角度,这个角被称为螺旋角。如果齿轮很宽,轮齿会延一个连续的、螺旋路径。
十一、To achieve this arrangement , it is required that one gear should be of the right-hand design and that the other be left-hand with an equal helix angle .
If both gears in mesh are of the same hand , the shafts will be at 90 degrees to each other . Such gears are called crossed helical gears.
为了实现这一安排,这就要求我们一个齿轮应设计为右旋,另一个是有相同螺旋角的左旋的。如果两个啮合的齿轮是相同的旋向,轴将会相互成90度。这种被称为交错轴斜齿轮。
第六课
十二、The components of atypical rolling contact bearing are the inner race , the outer race , and the rolling elements .
滚动轴承的典型结构是内圈，外圈，滚动体。
十三、The axial components of the forces on helical gears , worms and wormgears , and bevel gears are thrust loads .
在斜齿轮，涡轮蜗杆和锥齿轮上受的轴向力为推力。
十四、The inner race is typically pressed on the shaft at the bearing seat with a slight interference fit to ensure that that it rotates with the shaft .
轴承内圈和轴是典型的，有轻微的过盈配合，压在轴承座以确保它饶轴转动。第七课
十五、Some designers prefer flat belts for delicate machinery because the belt will slip if the torque tends to rise to a level high enough to damage the machine .
一些设计师喜欢把平皮带用在精密机械上,因为如果扭矩趋于上升到一个高等级,会损坏机器时，皮带可以滑动。
第一课
Marketing professionals are often employed to manage the definition of customer expectations, but designers will likely work with them as a part of a product development team.
经常请市场专业人员来对顾客期望进行评定，但设计人员却很可能作为产品开发小组的一部分与市场专业人员一起合作。
One popular method ,called quality function deployment or QFD, seeks(1)to identify all of the features and performance factors that customer desire and(2) to assess the relative importance of these factors.
一种通用的方法，称为质量功能展开（简称QFD），寻求识别顾客期望的所有特征和性能因素，并用于评定这些因素之间的相对重要性。
Ii is also important to consider how the
design process fits with all functions that must happen to deliver a satisfactory product to the customer and to service the product throughout its life cycle.
考虑设计过程如何满足所有功能也是很重要的。这些功能必须恰好把满意的产品交给顾客，并在整个产品的生命周期内服务该产品。
Section 1 emphasized the importance of carefully identifying the needs and expectations of the customer prior to beginning the design of a mechanical device.在第一部分强调了在开始设计机械装置之前仔细地了解顾客要求与期望的重要性。
第二课
The other elements affect hardenability, toughness, corrosion resistance, machinability, and strength retention at high temperatures.
其他元素影响硬度，韧性，防腐蚀性，可加工性以及高温下强度保持性。Although most steel alloys contain less than 1.0%carbon,it is included in the designation because of its effect on the properties of steel.
尽管大多是合金钢中碳的含量不足1.0%，但由于它会影响钢的特性，因此，合金钢的牌号中要包含碳的含量。Whereas most uses of tool steels are related to the field of manufacturing engineering, they are also pertinent to machine design where the ability to maintain a keen edge under abrasive conditions is required.
尽管大部分工具钢都用在与制造工程相关的领域，然而，在腐蚀环境下，需要保持边缘锋利时，也与机床设计有关。Also, some tool steels have rather high shock resistance which may be desirable in machine components such as parts for mechanical clutches, pawls, blades, guides for moving materials and clamps.同样，一些工具钢也具有比较高的抗冲击能力，这种抗冲击能力对机床零件是很有利的，如机床离合器，棘爪，刀刃等零件，移动部件中的导向装置以及夹具。
第三课
Thermosetting plastics do undergo some changes during forming and result in a structure in which the molecules in which the molecules are cross linked and formed a network of interconnected molecules
成型期间，热固性塑料结构的确要发生一些改变，造城防分子交叉连接，分子之间形成一种网络。
Designers can tailor the properties of composite materials to meet the specific needs of a particular application
设计人员可以调整复合材料的特性，使之适合特殊适用场合的特殊要求。Tailor...to...使...适合...的要求（需要，条件等）
When the two materials are bonded together，much of the load-carrying ability of the composite is produced by the filler material
当两种材料结合在一起时，复合材料的承载能力取决于填充材料
The matrix serves to hold the filler in a favorable orientation which is relative to the manner of loading and to distribute the loads to the filler
基料的作用在于使填充料在相对于载荷保持有利的定位，并将在和分散到填充料上。
第四课
The driving teeth push on the driven teeth , exerting a force perpendicular to the radius of the gear.
主动轮齿推动从动轮齿运动，产生一个垂直于齿轮半径方向的力。
Otherwise there would be speeding up or slowing down during the engagement , with the resulting
accelerations causing vibration , noise , and dangerous torsional oscillations in the system .
若情况并非如此，啮合时，时而加速，时而减速，产生的加速度会引起系统振动、噪声以及危险的扭转摆动。
It is a fundamental principle of kinematics , the study of motion , that if the line drawn perpendicular to the surfaces of two rotating bodies at the point of contact always crosses the centerline between the two bodies at the same place , the angular velocity ratio of the two bodies will be constant .
研究运动的运动学的一条基本原理是，如果在接触点垂直于两个定轴转动物体的直线总是过两物体的中心线，则两物体的角速度保持常数。
The parallel shaft arrangement for helical gears is preferred because it results in a much higher power-transmitting capacity for a given size of gear than the crossed helical arrangement.
对斜齿轮优先安排平行轴安装，因为对于一定尺寸的齿轮，平行轴安装可比交错轴安装传递更大的功率。
第五课
1）A key is the machinery component placed at the interface between a shaft and the hub of a power-transmitting element for the purpose of transmitting torque.键是一种置于轴与传递动力的轮毂之间的机械零件，用于传递转矩。
2) The rectangular key is recommended for larger shafts and is used for smaller shafts where the shorter height can be tolerated.
对于较大的轴，推荐采用矩形键，当高度较低的一边允许时，可用于较小的轴。
3) This design is desirable for certain kinds of equipment in which precise alignment of two shafts is required and can be provided.对于某些设备而言，当两轴要求具有精确的对中性时，这种设计才是令人满意的。
4) A typical rigid coupling in which flanges are mounted on the ends of each shaft and are drawn together by a series of bolts.典型的刚性联轴器每根轴的末端装上凸缘并用螺栓连在一起。
第六课
The term rolling contact bearings refers to the wide variety of bearings that use spherical balls or some other type of roller between the stationary and the moving elements.滚动接触轴承是指在静止原件与运动原件之间使用球或其他类型滚动体的、种类繁多的轴承。Misalignment refers to the angular deviation of the axis of the shaft at the bearing from the true axis of the bearing itself.偏斜是指轴在轴承上的中心线与轴承自身中心线的角度偏差。
A bearing with a fair rating can withstand up to 0.15°,while a poor rating indicates that rigid shafts with less than 0.05°of misalignment are required.较高等级的轴承最高可以承受0.15°的偏斜，而较低等级的则要求刚性轴的偏斜小于0.05°。
The inner race is typically pressed on the shaft at the bearing seat with a slight interference fit to ensure that it rotates with the shaft.
一般，内圈压到轴承上的轴上，二者为过盈配合，以确保同轴一起转动。
第七课
Rotary power is developed by the electric motor , but motors typically operate at too high a speed and deliver too low a torque too low a torque to be appropriate for the final drive application.
回转动力尽管由电动机供给，然而，一般的电动机由于转速过高、传递转矩过低，无法成为最终的驱动装置。
A smaller drive pulley is attached to the
motor shaft , while a larger diameter pulley is attached to a parallel shaft that operates at a correspondingly lower speed .
较小的带轮作为驱动轮，安装在电动轴上，而较大的带轮安装在输出速度相对较低的平行轴上。Some designers prefer flat belts for delicate machinery because the belt will slip if the torque tends to rise to a level high enough to damage the machine .
对于精密机械，一些设计人员偏爱平带，这是因为当转矩超过一定值对机械造成损坏时，平带会打滑。
These data can be used for very low speed drives or for applications in which the function of the chain is to apply a tensile force or to support a load . 当链条低速运动或链条主要用来提供拉力或支撑负载时，就可以使用这些抗拉强度的数据。
第八课
The designer can easily conceptualize the part designed on the graphics screen and can consider alternative designs or modify a particular a particular design to meet specific requirements .
设计人员可以不费力气地在图形屏幕上获得想要设计的零件概念，并能考虑几种可能的设计方案，或者修正某种设计来满足具体的设计要求。
Just as any area can be broken down into quadrants , any volume can be broken down into octants , which are then identified as solid , void , or partially filled .
正如任何面积可以分解成为四等份一样，任何体积也可以分解为把等份，然后作为实体、空穴或部分填充进行识别。During the design review and evaluation stage , the part is dimensioned and toleranced precisely to the full degree required for manufacturing it .
在设计评审与评估阶段，零件被最大程度地标注准确尺寸并规定公差，以满足制造要求。The CAD system is also capable of developing and drafting sectional views of the part , scaling the drawings, and performing transformations in order to present various ,views of the part .
CAD 系统也能够生成零件剖视草图并进行缩放、绘制，同时也可以进行转换以呈现零件的各种剖面。
第九课
The metal are brought to temperatures near their melting points by the time they are ready to be forced through the die openings . 到金属将被挤压过模腔时，它已经加热到接近其熔点。Extrusion of refractory metals by these machines has been shown to be very promising. 用这种机器冲压难熔金属的方法已显示出是很有前景的。These machines can extrude materials which would be very difficult for conventional equipment, or would require conventional machines of enormous size because of the energy requirements .这种机器能够冲压用普通设备很难完成的材料挤压或者是出于能量的要求需要巨型的普通机器才能进行冲压。
a brief overview概要
Abrasion磨去，磨蚀
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)丙烯
Advanced composites高级合成材料Alloy 合金
American society for testing and materials ASTM 美国材料试验协会Assembly and disassembly of the shaft system 轴系的拆装系统
Austenitic 奥氏体的
Autodesk 美国电脑软件公司，生产计算
机辅助设计软件
Axial thrust load 轴向推力
axial thrust load轴向推力载荷
Base circle 基圆
be disposed of处理
Bearing materials 轴承材料
Belt exerts a tangential force on the driven sheave 带对从动轴施加切向力Belt whip 带抖动
Bevel gear 锥齿轮
Biomedical applications 医学应用Brittle易碎的
Centrifugal effects determine the upper limit of speed 离心力的影响Centrifugal force 离心力
Chemical resistance抗化学性Chromium 铬
clutch离合器
Cog belt 嵌齿带
compete with 与…..相匹配. Composite materials 合成材料Computer-aided design (CAD)计算机辅助设计
Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计
Conceptualize 概念化
Concurrent engineering
concurrent engineering 并行工程，同步工程
Conjugate curves共轭曲线
Constant proportion 恒比Contaminants 污染物
Contaminant杂质
Corrosion potential 潜在的腐蚀性Corrosion protection 防腐
Crank press 曲柄压床
Crank-throw 曲柄行程
Data exchange 数据交换
Delicate 精密的
Design analysis and optimization 设计分析和优化disengagement脱离，分开
Drawing exchange format 图形交换格式
Ductility 延展性
Durability 耐用性，耐久性Engagement 啮合
evaluation criteria 评定标准Exchange specifications 交换规范Extruding is classified as hot extrusion and cold extrusion。挤压分为热挤压，冷挤压
Fabrication制作
Ferritic 铁素体
Financial capital 金融资本
Flat belt 平带
Flexible power transmission elements 柔性的功率传输件
Fuel-injection nozzle 喷油嘴Geometric modeling of components 计算机几何建模
Global marketing 全球市场
Groove 凹槽
Heat treatment 热处理
Helical gear 斜齿轮
Helix angle 螺旋角
High –strength steel or ceramic 高强度钢和陶瓷
Hub 轮毂
Hydraulic cylinder 液压缸
Impact absorbing devices 减振系统
In hundredths of a percent 万分之几一Initial graphics exchange specification 初始图形交换标准
Interactive computer graphics 交互式计算机绘画
Involute 渐开线
Keyseat 键槽
Key键
Large molecules 大分子
Leakage泄漏，渗漏
Life expectancy of the system 密封装置
的寿命
Linear speed 线速度
Lubricant润滑剂
Machinability 可加工性
Machine elements 机械元件Machinery component 机械零件Manganese 锰
marketing professionals市场专业人员Martensitic 马氏体的
Mesh 啮合
Metal matrix金属基体
Meter parts 仪器仪表
Modeling bone 骨骼建模
Molecule 分子
Molybdenum 钼
Nontraditional 非传统的
Octant八分圆
orientation of the fibers 纤维的走向Orientation of their teeth 齿轮走向performance test 性能测试Performance testing 性能测试Perpendicular to 垂直于Perpendicular垂直的
Phosphorus磷
Physical plant 实物产业
Pin-connected links 销钉连接
Pin销子
plating电镀painting油漆Pneumatic mechanical machines 气动接卸装置
Power-transmitting element 功率传输元件
Precise alignment 精确地一致性Product development team产品开发团队
Product models 产品模型
product realization process 产品实现过程
product realization process产品实现过程（PRP）
Production support systems 生产辅助系统
Profile外形，轮廓
Pulley滑轮
Purchasing functions 采购职能Quadtree四叉树
quality function deployment 质量功能展开
Rather high initial tension 初张力Residual stresses 残余应力
Residual 残留的
Rigid and flexible 刚性和柔性Rigorous 严格的
Rotary 旋转的
Scenario 设想，情节
Sealing system 密封系统
Shear strength of the teeth 齿的切面强度
Sheave 带轮
Silicon carbide 金刚砂
Single –crystal whiskers 单晶絮Single-row, deep-groove ball bearing 单排深沟球轴承
Slender 微薄的
spline 花键
Sprocket 链轮
Spur gear geometry involute tooth form 直齿轮渐开线轮廓
Spur gear 直齿轮
Stay in 保持
stress analysis 应力分析
Switch gear开关装置
Synchronous belt 同步带Synchronous belts 同步齿型带Tangent to相切于
Technical drawing 技术绘画
Temper 回火
Tensile strength 抗拉强度
The graphics screen 图形界面
The resultant force 合力thermodynamics 热动力学Thermoplastic polyester resin (PET)热
塑性的聚酯树脂
Thermoplastic热塑性的
Thermosets 热固性的
Time schedules 时间表
Tolerance 公差
Torque 扭矩
Type of reinforcing fibers 强化纤维Unconventional 非常规的
Vanadium 钒
V-型带传动v-belt drive
Wear resistance 耐磨性
Wear resistance耐磨性
Weather resistance 抗风化能力
Within close tolerances 过盈配合Working strand (tight side ) 紧边
八叉树表示方法octree representation 保持架retainer or cage
玻璃纤维Glass fiber
尺寸稳定性Dimensional stability
淬火不锈钢Hardened stainless steel
带传动Belt drive
带轮直径belt wheel diameter
分类Classification
分子链Molecular chain
复合材料Composite materials
刚性联轴器rigid coupling
滚子链roller chain
几何建模Geometric modeling
几何特征geometrical characteristic
加工硬化work hardening
减速slow down
角接触轴承Angular contact ball bearing
接触点at the point of contact
接触应力contact stress
结构钢Structural steel
抗腐蚀Corrosion-resistant
抗磨损性abrasion resistance
抗张强度tensile strength
联轴器Coupling
链传动Chain drive 铝容易被挤压aluminum extrusion to 螺旋角helix angle
密封系统Sealing system
内圈inner race
难熔金属refractory mental
啮合put into gear
平行键parallel key
屈服点Yield point
取代Replace
柔性联轴器flexible coupling
软件包software package
设计评审design review
设计优化Design optimization
深沟球轴承deep-groove ball bearing
实验设计Experimental design
松边Slack strand
塑形变形plastic deformation
外圈outer race
相对运动relative motion
项目管理Project Management
性能测试Performance test
于……成正比in proportional to 于……相比compare to
与……有关And ... the
在挤压过程中in the process
质量体系要求Quality System Requirements
转动速度rotational velocity
机械工程专业英语 课程负责人： 课程中文名称:专业英语 课程英文名称：English for Mechanical Engineering 课程类别：选修 课程学分数：2 课程学时数：32 授课对象：机械电子工程专业本科生 本课程的前导课程：公共英语，机械专业的相关课程 考核方式：平时成绩+期末考试 使用教材：《机械工程专业英语教程》施平主编（第3版）电子工业大学出版社 教学要求及目的： 了解专业英语的语法特点，熟悉专业词汇，逐步培养学生具有比较熟练的专业文献阅读理解能力、翻译能力和英文学术论文的写作能力。 教学方式： 课堂讲授、讨论与自学相结合。以教师讲授为主，引导学生积极阅读指定参考文献，完成课外作业，参与课堂讨论。有意识地积累与自己研究方向相关的词汇与文献资料，掌握专业英语学习方法。 具体教学目标： ●掌握机械工程专业方面的专业名词、专业术语 rolling contact bearing, 滚动接触轴承journal bearing, 径向轴承resonance 共振 upright drilling machine 立式钻床radial ['re?d??l]drill 摇臂钻床shaper 牛头钻床 ●掌握习惯表达方式 machine design, kinematics [,k?n?'m?t?ks] 运动学，动力学dynamic 动态 slider-crank mechanism ['mek(?)n?z(?)m] 滑动曲柄机构, assembly drawing 装配图detailed [d?'teld]drawing 明细图engineering drawing 工程图 degree-of-freedom (DOF) 自由度 a four-bar mechanism 四连杆机构vibration mechanism 振动机构 CAD Computer - Aided Design, CAM computer-aided manufacturing CAE Computer Aided Engineering ●掌握基本的专业文献阅读能力与翻译能力 ●掌握基本的写作能力 ●培养基本的专业文献资料检索能力 ●了解机械工程方面的国内外动向, 并熟悉与机械工程专业相关的其他学科与
陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇： statics [st?tiks] 静力学；dynamics动力学；constraint约束；magnetic [m?ɡ＇netik]有磁性的；external [eks＇t?:nl] 外面的, 外部的；meshing啮合；follower从动件；magnitude [＇m?ɡnitju:d] 大小；intensity强度，应力；non-coincident [k?u＇insid?nt]不重合；parallel [＇p?r?lel]平行；intuitive 直观的；substance物质；proportional [pr?＇p?:??n?l]比例的；resist抵抗，对抗；celestial [si＇lestj?l]天空的；product乘积；particle质点；elastic [i＇l?stik]弹性；deformed变形的；strain拉力；uniform全都相同的；velocity[vi＇l?siti]速度；scalar[＇skeil?]标量；vector[＇vekt?]矢量；displacement代替；momentum [m?u＇ment?m]动量； 2、词组 make up of由……组成；if not要不，不然；even through即使，纵然； Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇： machine 机器；mechanism机构；movable活动的；given 规定的，给定的，已知的；perform执行；application 施用；produce引起，导致；stress压力；applied施加的；individual单独的；muscular [＇m?skjul?]]力臂；gravity[ɡr?vti]重力；stretch伸展，拉紧，延伸；tensile[tensail]拉力；tension张力，拉力；squeeze挤；compressive 有压力的，压缩的；torsional扭转的；torque转矩；twist扭，转动；molecule [m likju:l]分子的；slide滑动; 滑行；slip滑，溜；one another 互相；shear剪切；independently独立地，自立地；beam梁；compress压；revolve (使)旋转；exert [iɡ＇z?:t]用力，尽力，运用，发挥，施加；principle原则, 原理，准则，规范；spin使…旋转；screw螺丝钉；thread螺纹； 2、词组 a number of 许多；deal with 涉及，处理；result from由什么引起；prevent from阻止，防止；tends to 朝某个方向；in combination结合；fly apart飞散； 3、译文： 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面，这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时，机器就开始工作了。所以，力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动，要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
机械英语词汇大全2 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical
机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 强度 intensity 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语part3 Unite24 计算机数字控制 数字控制本世纪我们可以看到机器变得更加自动化，因此消除机器工作过程中的人工干预。然而，随着自动化的发展，机器变得更加专业化。 一个高度自动化的机床（一天能够生产2万件）通常只能生产一种零件。直到最近原型和小批量零件通常在传统的机床上手工制造。 随着新的难以加工的材料的出现以及对公差精度的要求达到万分之一，最好的操作工已达到他们能力的极限。这些需求，以及对零件加工柔性的需求，导致了自动控制机器的出现。通常叫做数字控制（通常缩写为ＮＣ，） ＮＣ的历史开始于１９世纪５０年代后期，当ｊｏｈｎ提出一种自动机器控制方法（控制机床的铣刀产生光滑的曲线）正如他所设想，坐标点在穿孔卡片上进行编码并送给机床控制器（使经改进的铣床以小增量步长运动从而得到所需轨迹）在１９４９年，美国空军委托伺服机构实验室（麻省理工学院）开发一种可工作的数控系统（基于ｐａｒｓｏｎ概念）Ｍ．Ｉ．Ｔ的科学家和工程师选择穿孔的纸带作为通讯介质。最初构建两轴的点对点的系统（在坐标系中确立钻头的位置）。后来，一个更复杂的连续路径的铣床被制造出来，独立的机床制造商随后开发了现在的这种系统。 到１９５７年第一台成功的数控机床在生产中得到应用。然而，许多用户都在将零件程序输入机床控制器中经历困难，为了改变这种情形，ＭＩＴ的专家开始开发了基于计算机零件编程语言的刀具控制程序自动编制系统。目标是以直接的方式确定数学关系。在１９６２年第一台ＡＰＴ自动编程系统发布（对于一般工业应用） 数控技术的开发在两个主要方面进行，硬件开发集中在对控制系统和机床刀具的改进。复杂的数控机床和控制系统在１９６５年之前对于每个主要的机床工具结构都可应用。软件的开发集中在ＡＰＴ语言的改进和其他ＮＣ编程系统的开发。 总体基本原理的变化开始于７０年代。数控之后被看做更大的一个概念——计算机辅助制造。ＣＡＭ不仅包含数控也包括生产控制和监控、物料管理和工艺编制。计算机在制造过程中应用的强调从而产生新的数控形式：CNC和ＤＮＣ。数控继续发展，在科幻小说中出现的可能性现在被看做可以达到的目标。 数控表现最好的地方其他专业自动化的机床表现不好。NC是一个能解释预先以符号形式录制的指令的系统。它能够使被控机床执行指令并监控执行的结果，从而保持所需要的精度和功能。 NC并不是一种机床而是一种技术（控制大量机床）。。由于这个原因，NC被应用到装配机器、检测设备、绘图机、打字机、木工机器（仅仅列出几种应用）以及金属加工机床。因为ＮＣ最开始是为机床开发的，并且因为NC金属切削机床构成ＮＣ应用的大部分，因此我们文章中专指数控机床。 数控系统形成一种通讯联系（和传统工艺有许多的相似性）一个简化的示意图（大多数重要的数控系统元件）。如图所示。符号指令被输入到控制单元（解码。进行所需要的逻辑运算并输出精确指令控制机床的运行）。许多NC系统包括检测装置（将机床状态传回指令控制单元）。正是这一个反馈使得控制能够验证机床操作与输入符号指令一致。
Lesson1 1、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time. 对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个引述，动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。 2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action. 作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离，力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。 3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum. 力学涉及两种类型的量，标量和矢量。标量是那些只有大小的量。在力学中标量的例子有时间、体积、密度、速率、、能量和质量。另一方面，矢量既有大小又有大小又有方向。矢量的例子有位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩、动量。 Lesson2（此课后面没翻译，翻译的不太准确谅解） 1 、The turning of a part in a lathe is another example of several forces in action.（as shown in figure1） 车床车削是一些力在起作用的另一个例子。figure1(如图)。 2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work. 如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力。 3、 Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt. 扶轮运动需要去钻孔，在车床上转换两件,表面,或驱动发电机或风扇皮带 4 、Harmonic and Intermittent Motion（谐和运动和间歇运动）: Any simple vibration, such as the regular back, and forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion. Lesson4 1 、Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow. 实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以是空心的（空心轴可以减轻重量）。有时也采用矩形轴，例如，螺丝起子的头部.套筒扳手和控制旋钮的杆。 2、 A shaft must have adequate torisonal strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed it must also be torsional stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft. 为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该有适当的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭强度，以使在同一轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。 3 、Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key. The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated. For example, stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways, and the material removed to from the keyway further weakens the shaft. 齿轮和皮带轮等零件通过键连接在轴上。在键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中，必须进行认真的计算。例如，轴上的键槽会引起应力集中，由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小，会进一步减弱轴的强度。 4、Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another. Devices such as rigid and flexible couplings accomplish this. 轴的设计工作中的另一个重要方面是一根轴与另一根轴之间的直接连接方法。这是由刚性或者弹性联轴器来实现的。 Lesson5 1、The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and
精选机械设计专业英语词汇 stress diagram 应力—应变图 stress-strain diagram 优化设计 optimal design 油杯 oil bottle 油壶 oil can 油沟密封 oily ditch seal 有害阻力 useless resistance 有益阻力 useful resistance 有效拉力 effective tension 有效圆周力 effective circle force 有害阻力 detrimental resistance 余弦加速度运动 cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion 预紧力 preload 原动机 primer mover 圆带 round belt 圆带传动 round belt drive 圆弧齿厚 circular thickness 圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm 圆角半径 fillet radius
圆盘摩擦离合器 disc friction clutch 圆盘制动器 disc brake 原动机 prime mover 原始机构 original mechanism 圆形齿轮 circular gear 圆柱滚子 cylindrical roller 圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing 圆柱副 cylindric pair 圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构 barrel (cylindric) cam 圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil extension spring 圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮 cylindrical cam 圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm 圆柱坐标操作器 cylindrical coordinate manipulator 圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧 conoid helical-coil compression spring 圆锥滚子 tapered roller 圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing 圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears 圆锥角 cone angle
机械五班王乘龙 Lesson 25 Computer Graphics(Reading Material) The term computer graphics refers to the entire spectrum of drawing with the aid of a computer，from straight lines to color animation．An immense range of artistic capabilities resides under the heading of computer graphics and drafting is just one of them． Computer graphics was originally associated with the field of electronics．Companies directly involved in electronics design and manufacturing were the first to experiment and work with computer graphics．As they tested equipment and software，new demands arose that required changes and advances in both hardware and software．Equipment and programs got better，faster，more powerful，less expensive，colorful，and fun to operate．The potential for this new computer development was endless．And as engineers and drafters learned to work with the new tools in a technically demanding atmosphere，artists were using the new tools in an atmosphere of unlimited structure．We see the structure and freedom brought by engineers and artists to computer graphics as we watch animated television network．Complex mathematical
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in M e c h a n i c s机械学的基本概念mechanics n.力学 modify v.修改，调解，变更manageable a.可控制【管理】的incline v.（使）倾斜 ramp n.斜板，斜坡【道】slope v.（使）倾斜 friction n.摩擦 roll v.滚动 multiplier n.放大器，乘法器broom n.扫帚 convert v.转变【化】 handle n.手柄【把】 sweep v.扫荡【描】，掠过efficiency n.效率 gauge vt.测【计】量，校验bearing n.轴承 ideal mechanical advantage 理想的机械效益 neglect vt.忽略Lesson 2 Basic Assumption in Plasticity Theory 塑性理论的基本假设 assumption n.假定 plasticity n.塑性 investigate v.调查，研究deformation n.变形 metal forming process 金属成型工艺【过程】 strain (rate) n.应变【速率】strength n.强度 stress n.应力 yield stress 屈服应力 flow stress 流动应力 tensile stress 拉【伸】应力compressive stress 压【缩】应力shear stress 剪【切】应力geometry n.几何形状 elastic a.弹性的 springback n.回弹 bending n.弯曲，折弯
机械设计专业英语 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
机械设计专业英语 圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮 cylindrical cam 圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm 圆柱坐标操作器 cylindrical coordinate manipulator 圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧 conoid helical-coil compression spring 圆锥滚子 tapered roller 圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing 圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears 圆锥角 cone angle 原动件 driving link 约束 constraint 约束条件 constraint condition 约束反力 constraining force 跃度 jerk 跃度曲线 jerk diagram 运动倒置 kinematic inversion 运动方案设计 kinematic precept design 运动分析 kinematic analysis 运动副 kinematic pair 运动构件 moving link 运动简图 kinematic sketch 运动链 kinematic chain 运动失真 undercutting 运动设计 kinematic design 运动周期 cycle of motion 运动综合 kinematic synthesis 运转不均匀系数 coefficient of velocity fluctuation 运动粘度 kenematic viscosity 载荷 load 载荷—变形曲线 load—deformation curve 载荷—变形图 load—deformation diagram
研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词 Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020
单词 Lesson 1 Gear 齿轮, 传动装置 Bearing 轴承 Cams 凸轮 Cams and followers 凸轮和从动件 Couple 力偶 mechanics 力学 statics 静力学，静止状态 dynamics动力学，原动力，动力特性constraint forces 约束力 applied forces 作用力 Electric , magnetic, and gravitational forces 电,磁,重力 mating surface 啮合表面,配合表面,接触面meshing 啮合，咬合，钩住 meshing teeth 啮合齿 journal bearing 滑动轴承，向心滑动轴承metal-to-metal contact 金属 - 金属接触Overheating 过热 failure 失效 flaking 薄片，表面剥落，压碎 Spall 削，割，剥落，脱皮 noise 噪音 rough motion运动不精确 inertia惯性 particle 质点 rigid body刚体 deformable可变形的，应变的 deformable Body 变形体 Scalar 数量的，标量的 Vectors矢量 Density密度 Mass质量 Displacement位移 Velocity速度 Acceleration加速度 Moment力矩，弯矩 Momentum动量，冲量 Lesson 2 Compressive压缩的，有压力的 Turning 车削 Rectilinear直线的 micrometer 千分尺又称螺旋测微器 Power hacksaws 弓锯床 Shaper牛头刨床 Thread 螺纹 Work：功 muscular action肌肉动作 mechanical motion机械运动 stretch an object拉伸对象 tensile force：拉力 in tension：受拉 compressive force：压力 torsional force：扭力 torque：扭矩 shearing force ：剪切力 twist an object扭曲对象 Slide滑，脱落 Slip滑动，滑移 in compression受压 turning of a part对一个零件进行车削加工wedging action:楔入作用 chip ：切屑 centers of the lathe车床的顶尖 lathe dog车床夹头 centrifugal force ：离心力 grinding wheel ：磨削砂轮 bonding agent ：粘合剂 abrasive particle：磨料颗粒 centrifuge-type machines离心式机械Centrifuge离心机，离心作用 Centrifugal force principles离心力原理centripetal force ：向心力 rotary motion:回转运动 rectilinear motion：直线运动 hand tool手工工具 power tool动力工具 feed：进给 shaping：采用牛头刨床（shaper)进行刨削加工power saw：弓锯床，弓式锯床 the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆”harmonic and intermittent motion ：谐和运动和间歇运动 simple harmonic motion ：简谐运动
机械设计专业英语 圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam 圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm 圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator 圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical-coil compression spring 圆锥滚子tapered roller 圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing 圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears 圆锥角cone angle 原动件driving link 约束constraint 约束条件constraint condition 约束反力constraining force 跃度jerk 跃度曲线jerk diagram 运动倒置kinematic inversion 运动方案设计kinematic precept design 运动分析kinematic analysis 运动副kinematic pair 运动构件moving link 运动简图kinematic sketch 运动链kinematic chain 运动失真undercutting 运动设计kinematic design 运动周期cycle of motion 运动综合kinematic synthesis 运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation 运动粘度kenematic viscosity 载荷load 载荷—变形曲线load—deformation curve 载荷—变形图load—deformation diagram 窄V 带narrow V belt 毡圈密封felt ring seal 展成法generating 张紧力tension 张紧轮tension pulley 振动vibration 振动力矩shaking couple 振动频率frequency of vibration 振幅amplitude of vibration 正切机构tangent mechanism 正向运动学direct (forward) kinematics 正弦机构sine generator, scotch yoke 织布机loom 正应力、法向应力normal stress 制动器brake 直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 直角三角形right triangle 直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient 直径系列diameter series 直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm 直线运动linear motion 直轴straight shaft 质量mass 质心center of mass 执行构件executive link; working link 质径积mass-radius product 智能化设计intelligent design, ID 中间平面mid-plane 中心距center distance 中心距变动center distance change 中心轮central gear 中径mean diameter 终止啮合点final contact, end of contact 周节pitch 周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation 周转轮系epicyclic gear train 肘形机构toggle mechanism 轴shaft 轴承盖bearing cup 轴承合金bearing alloy 轴承座bearing block 轴承高度bearing height 轴承宽度bearing width 轴承内径bearing bore diameter
机械专业英语试题及答案精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】
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C. degradation…corrosion D. corrosion… degradation 12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete. A. are made from B. are made up of C. was produced by D. was consist of 13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at speeds. A . low B .overload C. critical D. hollow 14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a . A. pattern B. model C. mold D. patent 15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole. A. high pair B. low pair C. surface pair D. rotary pair 二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分） The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.
. 机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人 类需求的应用技术科形状和详细结构的基本主要研究产品的尺寸、学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。机械设进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。还必须在机械制设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，计是一项创造性的工作。材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。工程材料、图、运动学、发现和科技机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、如前所诉，知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效必须先确定人们是否需因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，益。要这种产品。系统分析应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决式更为重要。定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。当新的方而且愿意承担一定的风险，一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，所花费法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为为要求屏弃许多陈旧的，的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，一位机由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。人们所熟知的方法。在此过程中应该认真选择原有械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也就没如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。即使产不受各种约束。应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，在设计的初始阶段，只有也会在设计的早期，生了许多不切实际的想法，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。 .. . 设计人员的基本职责是努心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。因为实际上并不存在着一个对力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。在开始另一个重要问题，设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。这一并得到批准。阶段，设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商，，需要解决般是通过口头讨论，草图和文字材料进行的。为了进行有效的交流下列问题：）所设计的这个产品