中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020 年5 月测试
英语参考答案
1-5 BCACC 6-10 BBDAD 11-15 BCDBA 16-20 CGAEF
21-25 ACDBC 26-30 BDADB 31-35 CCBAD 36-40 DAACB
41．truly 42．themselves 43．that/which 44．based 45．was called
46．friends 47．Another 48．how 49．to convey 50．knew
短文改错
We’ve all experienced positive and negative mood. The emotions we feel every day play a
moods an
important role in how you think and behave. For one thing, people who are often in a positive mood
we
in their everyday life tends to be happier, healthier and get along better with others. For other, a bad
tend another
mood can ruin our day, as well the day of the people around us. However, there are many things we
as
can do to turn our bad mood into a good one. As far as I’m concerning, exercise is one of the keys to
concerned
getting rid from a bad mood. Meanwhile, the simple act of sharing time in others is a great way to release of with
stress and anxiety. So next time we’re feeling down, and call up a friend or visit a neighbor.
书面表达
Dear editor,
I’m so honore d to introduce the great changes that have taken place in my hometown for the last ten years. Ten years ago, my hometown was a small and poor city, which had fewer factories. And people had very limited choices on the daily diets and transportation. However, nowadays my hometown has taken on a brand-new look with rapid development of culture and economy. People have confidence when walking on the clean and busy street. Also, there are so many tall buildings standing around the city. When it comes to the transportation, private cars can be seen easily. Besides, people can have dinner in various restaurants.
From my point of view, I really appreciate the life at present and I do believe our city will become more and more prosperous.
Thank you for your reading.
Yours,
Li Hua
2019届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷 一、阅读理解 1. 阅读理解HomeSchedulesFares & TollsMapsPlanned Service ChangesMTA InfoWhich Ticket Should I Buy? —Ways To Save Long Island Rail Road offers you several ways to save on your commute, with a choice of ticket types and purchase options. How much you save depends on how often you take the train.One-Way Tickets Best for occasional riders. One-Way PeakPeak travel applies to all westbound weekday morning trains scheduled to arrive at western terminals between 6 AM and 10 AM. One-Way Off-Peak27% savings; not valid during Peak periods.Monthly Tickets Valid for unlimited rides in calendar month. Best for daily commuters. SavingsSave approximately 50% Weekly Tickets Valid for unlimited rides for 7days. Best for commuters who do not work a full calendar month due to vacations or business trips. SavingsSave approximately 30% Other Ticket Options: Include Family Fare of $1 each for up to four children per traveling adult ; and City Ticket, which allows for weekend travel within New York City for $4.25.Purchase Options: Monthly tickets can be purchased with Pay-Per-Ride and can be purchased through Mail & Ride,
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2018年2月测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Here is a collection of some TV series. For this list, we stick to those that have been released in recent years and we choose not to include TV hits like Game of Thrones or Sherlock. Stranger Things This US television series is a combination of three genres (类型):the typical college movies where the losers rise up, the science fiction films about crazy scientists who reached their top in the 1980s and the horror movies written in the style of Stephen King. This show, starring Winona Ryder and a group of amazing kids, has managed to combine these genres so well that it has already acquired a vast army of fans worldwide. The Pillars of the Earth It is set in the twelfth century, a time which is considered one of the darkest and most romantic periods in the history of England. Based on the best-selling novel written by Ken Follett, this TV show starring the brilliant Eddie Redmayne is widely recognized as one of the best historical TV dramas of recent years. Mahabharata This Indian Hindi-language series is liked by many people for being regarded as the simplest and the most fun way to learn about the age-old wisdom of the Indian people. It tells us about the kings and heroes who love, fight and make wise decisions. This drama is about the endless struggle between good and evil. The Crown
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2018年9月测试 语文试卷 本试卷共150分，考试时间150分钟。 一、现代文阅读（36分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。 现代意义上的公共空间是一个开放的、公众的空间。现代公共空间包括物理意义上的公共空间，如公园等，也包括每个人都可以发表意见的公共论坛，如网络等。我国传统社会中并不存在或者较少存在公共空间，以家为本位的传统道德伦理也没有凸显出公共空间意识及公共空间伦理。改革开放以后，我国现代化进程加快，引入了现代性制度及伦理要求，例如公共空间需要排队等，但我国民众对于公共空间的认知依然不足，通常将公共空间视为“私人空间”的外化，没有意识到公共空间与所有人相关，每个人都是公共空间的主人，应当遵守公共空间的伦理规范。社会公共空间的行为规范，社会公德的养成需要多元主体协同共治，整体推进，并非政府、学校或企业一方可以完成。在现代社会治理的视野中，不同主体应该是平等合作、共同促进的关系，需要政府机构、企业法人、社会组织、学校、公民个人共同参与，构建与公共空间发展相适应的伦理道德。 建立覆盖社会公共领域的制度体系，规范各交往领域的制度，引导公共交往和谐、有序发展。同时，提供完善的、有效的制度调节，管理、引导人们遵守现代公共交往原则规范，处理公共领域中人与人的关系，人与公共领域的关系。还应对已经出台的制度进行进一步细化与拓展，更新人们熟知的道德规范的内容。例如“爱护公物”是宣传几十年的美德，今天看来依然是合理的，但应根据社会的发展变化，更新“公物”的概念，不只是国家所有的物品，非国家所有却是公共空间的事物（例如共享单车）也应涵盖在内。另外，规范公共领域交往的制度，应当符合制度伦理，即具有道德合理性，让制度彰显人性，保障、尊重人权，最大限度地尊重大多数人。这就要求从制度设计到运行、监督，乃至惩罚环节，都需要体现对人的关怀和尊重。 教育、树立社会平等和公民的权利意识，教育、引导民众尊重自己和他人的个体权利，尊重社会生活的基本道德。现代社会的公民意识与公德行为息息相关。只有让社会个体能够有效维护自己的权利与尊严，并认识到尊重他人就是尊重自己，维护个人利益与社会利益之间不可分割，对公共利益、公德的侵害就是对包括个体利益在内的社会利益的侵害，对他人的不尊重也就是不尊重自身。通过倡导、教育，来树立、培养社会公德意识。应在道德教育中加强公共礼仪、公共规则等内容，在考试中增加社会公德表现的权重。此外，在道德教育中，还应注意引导公德与私德的联系与区分，改变处理公共领域交往时习惯于私德外推的思维方式，兼顾个体与公共利益，既反对只关注个体利益而损害公共利益，也要反对公共利益至上而牺牲个体利益，不可偏废一方。 （摘编自赵鑫洋《共享时代的公共空间伦理问题》） 1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是(3分) A ．传统道德伦理的存在，导致我国传统社会中公共空间和公共伦理意识很淡薄。 B ．共享单车作为公共空间的事物，应该受到社会公共领域制度体系的保护。 C ．制度伦理就是制度的道德合理性，要在制度中彰显人性，体现对人的尊重。 D ．现代社会的公民意识与公德行为，要求兼顾个体权利与社会利益，不可偏废。 2．下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是(3分) A ．文章从制度建设与意识培养两个角度，阐述构建共享空间伦理的具体措施。 B ．文章先进行定义分析，继而摆事实、讲道理，阐述构建共享空间伦理的意义。 C ．文章段落以并列结构为主，第二三段地位相当，但依然有内在的逻辑关联。 D ．对于“公”与“私”，作者采用辩证分析的思路，说理充分，结论令人信服。 3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是(3分) A ．网络涉及的公共空间伦理，与物理意义上的公共空间的伦理，应该保持一致。 B ．只有不断规范现代公共交往的原则，才能正确处理公共领域中人与人的关系。 C ．如果公共领域交往时习惯于私德外推，就无法进行旨在培养公民意识的教育。 D ．共享时代的公共空间伦理的构建，其主体应该是平等合作、共同促进的关系。 （二）文学类文本阅读（本题共3小题，15分） 阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。 屠夫老六 黄小邪 老六原是不想做屠夫的，他想当个教书先生。哪知书没念两年，病入膏肓的老爹就将六个儿子相继唤到病榻前。老爹不想让传了几辈的手艺就这样丢了。可不等老爷子讲完，其他五个弟兄就将头摇得像拨浪鼓一般。老六孝顺，爹由来最疼他，这事自然就落到他头上。 老六爹一死，老六拿起屠刀。 老六第一次拿起屠刀，是在村长娘大寿前一天。那天一早，男人们就将一头大肥猪捉住捆在案子上，老六灌了一盅烧酒算是壮胆，他学着爹生前的样子，一步一挪走向案前，闭闭眼，用力将尖刀往猪脖子捅去。登时，鲜血殷红直冲而出，伴随一阵撕心裂肺的哭嚎，那头肥猪开始疯狂地狂扭动身子，血溅了老六一身，他猛地一颤，后退几步，将屠刀扔出几米远，转身就要跑，几个汉子见势，架起老六的胳膊，把他往猪面前送，又强行将屠刀塞入老六手中。老六极力挣脱开几个汉子，扔下刀，疯了般奔往墙角掩面大哭，那哭声直叫人揪心。 老六第一次操屠刀，以那样惊心动魄的失败而告终。 那天夜里老六梦见死去的爹。他说：“爹，我觉得我不适合做屠夫。那猪看得我心慌。”爹说：“你这傻孩子，猪本是凡间一碗菜！你不杀，自有他人杀。” 说来奇怪，自爹托梦后，老六渐渐不再犯怵。一次次给猪开膛破肚，心、肝、肺拿在手里也不觉得恶心，清洗大、小肠，剁骨剔肉，整个过程有条不紊，老六很快适应了这门手艺，这手艺养活了老六和他娘。 人总笑老六：看你生得慈眉善目，如何做起这屠宰行当？老六笑而不答。后来，渐渐就没人再问起这些。老六人缘极好，平日乡邻见面都得尊称一声“老六哥”。 没几年，老六娘过世，老六娶妻生子，老六妻随娘信佛，从不杀生。 又有人笑老六妻：你不杀生，咋跟你婆婆一个样，偏挑了个屠夫呢？她只笑笑。老六每次抡起屠刀前，妻总是默默点上三炷香。老六呢，嘴里不忘念叨：“猪呀猪，我爹说你是凡间一碗菜。莫怪莫怪！”猪好像也通了人性，到了老六手里，吼几声便由他宰割。
2020 届高三阶段性测试英语参考答案 听力部分 1-20 BABAC BCCBA BCAAC BACCA 二单项选择 21. Japan is negatively influenced by the US-Japan security agreement, ________ it has relied a lot. A. where B. when C. on which D. in that 考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为the US-Japan security agreement,从句中动词rely后面少on，搭配为rely on sth 依赖，依靠… ，所以用on which。日本受到一直依赖的美日安全协议的负面影响。 22. Such a craze ________ the pursuit of fashion become that some schools have to ban it for being too distracting and for fueling envy-rooted bullying. A. does B. did C. had D. has 考查部分倒装+时态。such… that 和so …. That 如此…以至于… ，当such…和so…位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装，that 后的语序不变。根据句子意思：追求时尚已经变得如此的疯狂以至于一些学校不得不禁止它因为太多的分心和燃起了嫉妒的欺凌。 23. According to a recent survey, ________ 90% of the students are interested in reading after class, they spend less time on it as they suffer increasing academic pressure. A. before B. when C. while D. unless 考查状语从句。百分之九十的学生喜欢课后阅读，他们因为越来越大的学术压力而很少花时间读书，这两句根据句子意思前后应该是转折关系，故用while 这表示尽管。 24. Time-limited sales can be a good opportunity to get a bargain, but don’t ________ the “deals” advertised by retailers on Black Friday, as there are few real discounts. A. fall for B. relate to C. cater for D. subscribe to 短语辨析。A. fall for 上…当，受…骗；喜欢，爱上；B. relate to 与…有关; C. cater for 迎合某人，满足某人需要，适合某人； D. subscribe to 同意，赞同；订阅。句子意思是限时销售是一很好的机会买到便宜货，但是不要轻易相信黑色星期五所广告的交易，因为很少有真正的打折。故本题选A 25. Time is fair to everyone, and no one has the _____ of possessing one more minute than anyone else. A. commitment B. reservation C. security D. privilege 名次辨析。A. commitment承诺，保证；奉献，投入 B. reservation 预订，预约；保留 C. security 安全 D. privilege 特殊利益，优惠待遇；特权；荣幸。句子意思:时间对每个人都是平等的，没有人有特权会比其他人多一分钟。
2011-2012学年度第一学期高三年级 英语试题 第一部分英语知识运用(共四节,满分55分) 第一节语音知识(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出所给单词的正确读音,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。、 1. loose A. present B. usual C. usage D. rose 2. south A. courage B. soup C. southern D. trousers 3. official A. concert B. ocean C. coast D. century 4. steam A. hear B. nearly C. mean D. heart 5．judge A．museum B. husband C．true D. huge 第二节情景对话(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 根据对话情景和内容,从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.选项中有两个为多余选项。 A: Any good news? B: Not really. 6 So I was left behind after school yesterday. A: 7 B: Sometimes I do. The day before yesterday, I was quiet in my history class but I still had to stay after school. A: 8 B: Because I fell asleep. But it wasn’t m y fault. 9 A: I advise you to take school more seriously. If you don’t pass your exam, you will have to drop out and work as a result; B: 10 If I have a job, I have to do dull work every day. But now I am in school, I must listen to dull teachers every day. A: Something must be wrong with you. Go to the psychologist first. A: You are lazy. B: I don’t understand. C: You made your teacher angry. D: Better keep quiet in class. E: The lesson is dull. F: I don’t think it makes much difference. G: I was talking without being asked in class. 第三节语法和词汇知识(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分) 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 11.The CEO needs an assistant with ____ little knowledge of German and ___ experience in administrative management. A. the, an B.the, / C. a, an D. a, / 12. Many houses were destroyed in the heavy rain. They should get them _____. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair 13. Allow children to voice their opinions, ____ they are different from your own.
2019?2020年度河南省高三阶段性考试（四） 英语 考生注意： 1.本试卷共l50分，考試时间120分钟。 2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小題，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下—小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9. 15. 1. Where did this conversation most probably take place? A.In a restaurant. B.In a shop. C.In a vegetable market. 2. What did the man do last night? A. He went to visit a friend. B. I le went to say goodbye to his friend at the airport. C. He went to another city with his friend 3.What can we learn about the man? A.He enjoys using e-mails. B.He often receives letters from friends. C.He never writes letters to his friends. 4. What time does the next plane to I^ondon leave?
高三英语上学期期末测试卷 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A There is more than one side to every story. Imagine that you could hear the voices of Birmingham in May 1963. This is what they might have said. Lucille Lyons My heart is fluttering (怦怦跳) in my chest. All around me kids talk nervously. Before we marched right into the area with the whites-only stores, I talked to one of my classmates. “You skipping school today, too?” he asked. I nodded yes. We see firemen standing there with hoses (水管), aimed right at us. Suddenly, water explodes from the nozzles (喷嘴). Some kids fall down. The firemen turn up their hoses even higher. Water beats my back and shoulders. I’ll be hurt and in big trouble when I ge t home, but I know I’m doing the right thing. Johnny Lee Baker There’s a crowd gathering at the church. A lot of them are kids, but they still need to be kept under control. My job is to use whatever force to keep the peace. The crowd is beginning to march, straight toward the white shopping area. “Stop!” I yell, “and no one will get hurt.” They don’t stop. Then I see Commissioner Connor signal to the firemen. The firemen turn their hoses on the crowd and start to spray. Bill Keys I’m watching history being made. As I take p ictures of the black children gathered for their march, I see firemen cross the street toward them. Connor is there yelling commands. The firemen spray the kids with water. I can’t believe my eyes, seeing such violence against children. I take a picture of them. This picture will make the world pay attention to what is happening here. 21. Why did some students skip school? A. To fight for freedom. B. They were bored with studying. C. To campaign against racial discrimination. D. They were curious about what was happening in the street. 22. What were the firemen doing? A. Putting fires out. B. Saving some students in trouble. C. Teaching students how to react in an emergency. D. Controlling the march movement in Birmingham. 23. What might Johnny Lee Baker be? A. A fireman. B. A teacher. C. A shopkeeper. D. A policeman. 24. Why did Bill Keys take the picture? A. To keep it as a souvenir. B. To put it into the newspaper. C. To enter a photography contest. D. To show it to Commissioner Connor. B From Snapchatting to sending emails, it seems like we are always on our phones. And while your parents’ or grandparents’ generations may disap prove of your smartphone “addiction”, there are some positive aspects of using the Internet. One of them is online friendships. With the popularity of technology among teens, it’s understandable that more and more often people are connecting online. It’s e asy to find girls (or guys) with similar interests as you. Some people feel embarrassed to admit that they have very real online friendships. But it’s not something to be ashamed of and a friendship should not be discounted because it was formed online. When chatting face-to-face, you might be afraid of being judged by the other person. Communicating online can sometimes help take away that fear. For people with anxiety or who are very shy, this provides a safe way for them to have open discussions with oth ers. If they don’t feel safe, or feel embarrassed, they can easily log off or block the person they were speaking with. Another great thing about online friendships is that it connects us with people and cultures that we may not have
西城区高三年级英语诊断性考试试卷 C 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题分，共15 分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Mia rushed home and threw open the front door. Her mother turned around, surprised that Mia was home from school so early. “I won first place in the art contest!” she said (1) pride and raised her head, expecting praise. Though Mia (2) (work) eagerly on her art submission for weeks, her mother wasn’t sure (3) the project involved. “That’s wonderful, Mia! What was the subject of your art project” her mother asked. Smiling from ear to ear, Mia handed over her artwork. It was a portrait of her mother. B A study found that adults aged 18 to 33 checked their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes. As I learned during my experiment, (4) (place) some distance between myself and my device helped me devote myself to my work more (5) (easy). By not having my smartphone, my distraction (消遣) time went down and thus my work time (6) (spend) more efficiently and effectively. On numerous occasions, I found (7) (I) wondering what to do with the afternoon since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day. With the extra time, I can finally enjoy the pleasures of life.
高三英语期末考试试卷分析 一、试卷特点 本次考试命题的范围、题型以及分值分布和高考试卷相同，也基本体现了高考的命题思路：突出语篇、强调应用、注重交际。试题除完形填空难度较高外，其它题目难度适中，市平均为94，与高考全国卷难度基本相当，试卷上没有出现偏题和怪题，难、中、易题比例适当，有较好的区分度，能真实地反映出学生的语言运用能力，所以这份试卷具有较高的信度和效度。试卷的一些话题，如对话填空，书面表达等，均与牛津高中英语新教材的相关话题相结合。 二、主要失分点及原因分析 （一）各大项得分情况汇总 （本表主要根据省溧中部分学生试卷抽样样本为依据） 从本次考试来看，完形填空和对话填空的失分率较高，说明学生的基础知识还不够扎实，我们在平时的教学中应更注重知识积累。
（二）各项试题失分情况及分析 第一部分：听力 听力题以考查学生简单处理信息的能力为主，另外还考查了学生的归纳综合能力、口语理解能力、以及综合素质能力，其分布如下：
1、5、18等题较为灵活，设置的陷阱很隐蔽，对学生的迷惑性较大，故得分率较低。总体而言，试题难度不大，但得分仅为20.9，我们在以后的教学中要加强听力训练和指导，培养预测能力，通过句子重音来捕捉关键信息能力，以及重视语感的训练和语言的积累。 第二部分：单项选择 考查项目以动词和各种从句为主，其它项目的考查分布均匀，与高考类型基本相符合。 考查目标题号题量 考查能力
动词（7）动词辨析0 动词短语32 1 动词时态26、34 2 情态动词25 1 非谓语动词23、24、 2 主谓一致27 1 名词point 22 1 介词、副词besides 31 1 强调疑问形式29 1 各种从句（4）in that 35 1 which 33 1 whichever 30 1 where 28 1 交际用语如何应答21 1 其中22、27、35的错误率较高。22题考查了come to the point这个短语，但有近一半的学生选择了subject，说明学生平时的语言积累不够，基础知识还不够扎实。27题考查了主谓一致中的就近原则，35题考查的是介词后面的名词性从句，我们在考试之前要求学生以《五年高考三年模拟》为载体对语法进行自主复习，然后通过练习检测学生的复习情况，这两题的失分反映出学生看书不够仔细，在以后的语法复习中我们应特别注意比较特殊的现象。
高三英语期中测试卷 姓名分数 一、单项选择(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1、The problem is worth_________ . A. discussing B. discuss C. being discussed D. discussed 2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to ___.(1988 全国) A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （2008北京卷） A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 4. _______ fit, you’d better take exercise in th e morning, for the morning air is fresh ______. A. to keep; to be breathed B. keeping; to breathe C. to keep; to breathe D. keeping; to be breathed 5. ______a living, she had to work from morning till night. A. To make B. made C. Making D. To have made 6. She said she___ her uncle very much and hoped ____him. A. missed, to hear from B. missed, to hear C. misses, hearing from D. misses, hearing 7. Missing the last bus means___ home. A. to walk B. walking
山东省实验中学2008级第一次诊断性测试 英语参考答案与评分标准（2010.10） 第I卷(105分) I．听力（每小题1.5分；满分30分） 1-5 AACCB 6-10 ABACC 11-15 CBBBC 16-20 ACCBB II．单项选择（每小题1分；满分15分） 21-25 BABDA 26-30 CCCDC 31-35 DBBBD III．完形填空（每小题1分；满分20分） 36-40 BDAAC 41-45 BDACC 46-50 ABDCB 55-60 DADBC IV．阅读理解（每小题2分；满分40分） 56-60 BDACD 61-65 BCADA 66-70 CACAB 71-75 CADBB 第II卷(45分) 第一节：阅读表达（每小题3分，满分15分） 76. US parents want better privacy protections for kids 【关键词：parents, privacy, protection。】 77. The results present a clear divide between the industry's view of privacy and the opinion of parents and kids. 【要求考生能够准确找到该句并正确无误地抄写到试卷上。】 78. 然而，各家公司仿佛对此不予理睬/ 看来却对此漠不关心/ 视而不见/ 装聋作哑等等。 【要求考生能够在基本表达原句意义的基础上，保持汉语句子的通顺。】 79. how to protect their information/ privacy/ themselves等等。 【要求考生的答案能使句子通顺，意义基本与所给答案一致即可。】 80. Answers may vary. Eg. Never use your real name on line. / Never use your real ID number./ Don’t talk too much with strangers./ Don’t tell strangers your basic information./ Don’t tell anyone your home address./ Don’t tell anyone your telephone number. etc. 【要求考生至少给出三条建议，每条1分。不合理的建议不给分，如果建议合理，但语言表
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2017年12月测试 语文试卷 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 康德认为，认识含有感性、知性和理性三个要素。感性是接受印象的能力，知性是规则的能力，理性是原理的能力，它们一起构成人类认识的完整结构。康德的这一划分，揭示了认识的基本层次，确立了理性的至高地位。西方的哲学思维方式本质上是理性主义，而中国传统哲学的思维方式却与其迥然而异：它无疑也含有理性主义的因素，但并不归结为理性主义；它较注重悟性、直觉和体验，但又不归结为非理性主义和直觉主义。它在本质上更具有“悟性”的色彩，是“悟性主义”。 儒家的“格物致知”，通俗地说，就是用既有的思维尺度、框架去衡量、测度对象。只是这种把握绝非理性主义，它更具有“豁然贯通”的悟性特色。“季文子三思而后行。子闻之曰：再，斯可矣。”由此可见，在孔子看来，如若过多地理性思考，结果可能适得其反，往往反致迷惑。老子的“玄览”，概括了道家的根本思维方式。“心居玄冥之处，览知万物”，从最超验的层次对事物的一种整体性的观照和透察。超验即要排除一切感性经验、语言概念和欲望，保持内心的清静和安宁。只有如此，才能做到“常无欲，以观其妙”。 中国佛教特别是禅宗是中印文化融合的产物，又吸收了儒家特别是道家的要素，凝聚了中国乃至东方悟性思维的精华。在佛家看来，“开悟”是修行之目的，而“菩提”为所悟之智，“涅”为所悟之理，佛及阿罗汉则为所开悟者。佛教义理对“悟”或“了悟”有甚为精密、详尽的研究和解说。依所悟之程度，将悟分为“小悟”和“大悟”；依所悟之迟速，将悟分为“渐悟”和“顿悟”；依所悟之途径，将悟分为“解悟”和“证悟”（由理解真理而知者为解悟，由实践修行而体得真理者为证悟）；依所悟之主体，将悟分为“悟自”和“悟他”，更为重要的是，佛教在长期的历史发展过程中，创造和积累了一整套系统而完备的了悟的方法，堪称无数佛教大师和佛教徒通过世代刻苦修行实践所取得的丰富的悟性体验的结晶。这种悟性主义的思维方式和思维特质尤其在中国禅宗中得到典型的充分的呈示。 中国传统哲学的悟性主义思维方式在儒家、道家和中国佛教特别是禅宗的悟性理论中体现得最为集中和鲜明。总体上说，以儒道释特别是中国禅宗为代表的中国传统哲学的悟性思维方式，完全超出了康德所划定的“感性、知性、悟性”的认识框架，超出了康德将理性视为认识的最高形式的观点，从而也超出了西方意义上的“哲学”范畴本身。因此，感性、理性、悟性应是人类认识所固有的要素，它们都不可缺少。 （摘编自侯才《论悟性一—对中国传统哲学思维方式和特质的一种审视》） 1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A.康德建构的人类认识模式基于西方文化和哲学立场，而容纳不了中国传统哲学的思维方式。 B.儒家的“格物致知”和道家的“玄览”是悟性主义思维方式，它反对理性主义，倡导超验性观察思考。 C.悟性思维方式在禅宗和佛教中有很多体现，为了开悟，需要“菩提”的智慧，方能悟到“涅”的真理。 D.中国禅宗的悟性理论超出了康德的认识框架，进而也超出了西方康德所代表的“哲学”含义本身。 2.下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分） A.文章从中西哲学视角审视东方悟性主义和西方理性主义，阐述了中国传统哲学的悟性思维。