下载文档原格式
大学英语四级阅读理解Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.来源：In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independe nce from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American familyare cultural values of self – reliance and independence.1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.B) They want to win the permission of their parents.C) They have a strong desire to become independent.D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.A) loveB) financial concernC) their parentsD) family background3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parentsB) most American people never make major decisions for their childrenC) American young adults possess cultural values of independenceD) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____.A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in schoolB) he wants to prove his independenceC) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve ofD) he wants to show his love for his parents5. The subject matter of this selection is _____.A) family valuesB) marriage arrangementsC) the pursuit of a careerD) decision making答案：CACBA来源：考试大子女一旦到适当年龄（通常是18至21岁），要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。
与大学生畅谈CET-4英语写作中存在问题的成因与对策王 燕（曲阜师范大学山东曲阜273165）摘 要：受母语因素、学习环境因素以及学生自身因素等各方面的影响，英文写作一直是大学生英语学习中的薄弱环节。
然而在大学英语四级考试中写作在学生的整个卷面成绩中占了很大的分量，成为学生通过四级考试的拦路虎。
找出大学生在CET-4英语写作中存在的问题，深入分析出现问题的成因并找出相应的对策，有助于大学生了解大学英语四级写作的固有的程序和规律，掌握一定的写作技巧，提高他们的四级英语写作的能力，提高他们的语言技能。
关键词：CET-4英语写作；存在问题；对策中图分类号：H310.4文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-9795（2010）06-0188-02收稿日期：6作者简介：王 燕（），女，山东曲阜人，从事英语语言文学方向的研究。
英语写作能力的培养是大学英语教学中的一项重要环节。
新四级改革之后，写作被排在了卷面的第一题，写作的重要性由此在大学英语四级考试题中得到进一步的检验和提升。
而且，对大学生而言，能否顺利完成写作，对学生是否可以顺利完成其他的题型也有很重要的影响。
因此，如何写好英语四级写作题也就毫无疑问地成为日常大学英语教学中的一个重要环节。
尽管现在我国的高校都很重视英语教学，高校教师在英语教学中花费了大量的时间去批改大学生的作文，并在批阅的过程中给予学生一些有针对性的修改建议，但是当前大学生的英语写作仍然存在这样或那样的问题。
如：有的大学生对英语的基本语法规则的缺乏了解、遣词造句能力较弱；有的学生则因不能用规范、地道的英语来表达思想而不可避免地出现所谓的中式英语。
一、大学生英语写作问题的成因分析总体上看来，造成当前大学生英语写作中出现的各种问题的原因主要有三个方面。
1.母语因素由于汉语与英语分属不同的语系，两者在语言、文化等方面存在巨大的差异，由此造成了我们在思维方式、写作角度、方法、用词等方面的不同。
多数学生在英语写作过程中很难避免汉语的羁绊，会有意无意地把汉语的思维方式迁移到英语的写作中去，导致作文中出现了许多错误。
英语四级各项分数英语四级考试（CET-4）是一项对中国大学生的英语水平进行测试的全国性考试。
该考试主要测试英语听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面的能力。
考试分数以等级形式给出，包括A、B、C和D等级。
本文将重点讨论各项分数，并探讨如何提高英语四级各项分数的方法。
首先，英语四级听力部分是考试中的第一项，也是相对较难的一项。
听力部分的分数通常占总分的三分之一左右，因此取得好的成绩至关重要。
在听力部分中，考生需要通过听短对话、长对话和短文来回答问题。
要提高听力分数，首要的是加强听力训练。
可以通过听英语广播、新闻、电视节目和英语原版电影等方式来提高听力能力。
另外，还可以参加一些听力训练班或使用一些听力软件来进行训练。
通过反复听和模仿，培养自己的听力技巧，提高对不同口音和语速的理解能力。
其次，英语四级阅读部分相对比较容易，但难度也不可忽视。
阅读部分的分数通常占总分的三分之一左右。
为了取得好的阅读成绩，考生需要提高阅读理解和解题能力。
可以通过多读英语文章、报纸、杂志和英文小说来增强词汇量和阅读速度。
同时，要学会掌握阅读技巧，例如快速浏览文章、找出主题句和关键词、使用上下文推测词义等。
还可以做一些练习题和模拟考试，熟悉考试形式和题型，提高解题速度和准确率。
第三，英语四级写作部分是考察考生的英语表达能力和写作技巧的重要环节。
写作部分的分数通常占总分的十分之一左右。
为了取得好的写作成绩，考生需要提高写作能力和提高写作技巧。
可以通过多写英语作文、翻译文章和写作练习来提高写作水平。
要注意积累一些常用的表达方式、词组和句型，提高写作的连贯性和流畅度。
另外，要学会组织思路、合理安排篇章结构和使用适当的衔接词来提高文章的逻辑性和条理性。
最后，英语四级翻译部分是考察考生英语翻译能力的一项重要内容。
翻译部分的分数通常占总分的十分之一左右。
考生需要提高英语翻译的准确度和流利度。
可以通过阅读英语原文，学习一些常用的翻译技巧和翻译方法。
大学英语四级写作一、记叙文记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记叙、描写为主要表达方式的一种文体，通常分为三类：1. 以人物为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写一件事或两件事。
2. 以事件为主的记叙文。
即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人或几个人。
3. 以写景状物为主的记叙文，应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不可截然分开，但各有侧重。
写记叙文通常应遵循以下几点：1. 交待要素，即人、时、地、事。
2. 按事件发生的先后顺序叙述，做到完整具体。
3. 重点突出，目的明确，不要玩弄词藻，讲清言明即可。
写作时还要注意，用第一人称时主要是本人的经历或耳闻目睹之事；用第三人称时则主要是他人的经历和事情。
记叙文所记的都是过去发生的事，所以原则上通常都用过去时态写，但有时也用历史现在时和戏剧现在时。
范文1：一对外发行的英文报纸有“人物剪影”栏目，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍我国著名乒乓球运动员王楠。
提示：1. 王楠：1978年10月出生于辽宁。
2. 身高1.62米，体重54公斤。
3. 7岁开始打球，1989年进入辽宁队，1993年入选国家队。
4. 训练刻苦，与队友相处融洽。
5. 喜欢上网，交友。
好学网（）6. 在国际比赛中获得几十枚金牌，为国家争得了荣誉。
注意：1. 题目自拟；2. 不要逐条翻译提示，可适当增加细节，使短文连贯。
3. 词数100~140Wang Nan－World Champion in Ping pongWang Nan， a world champion in Ping Pong， is 1.62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Loaning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping pong at the age of seven. She worked in Loaning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland. She likes going on the net and she enjoys chatting with friends through the Internet. You can find more information about her at Wangnan@wang-nan net.范文2：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Most Favorite Programmer. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是……2.这类节目的内容和特点3.我喜欢它的原因My Most Favorite ProgrammerThe News Report has always been my favorite TV program. Almost everyday I turn on the TV at 6:30 p.m. and wait for the news program. This has become a part of my life.The News Report contains a large amount of information C from the international political. situation to the latest foot-ball game. And the most important character is its fast pace. Because of this fast pace, news programs can contain much information in a short time.In my opinion, the News Report is more than a TV program. It is a way of communication. From this program, people can know and understand world affairs. The world thus becomes smaller. I especially appreciate this benefit of watching the news.范文3：今天是教师节，请根据以下提示写一篇记叙你的英语老师的短文，约220词左右。
《安全生产法》将建筑业列为仅次于矿山、危险化学品行业的高风险行业，因此，根据《安全生产法》要求，国务院颁布了《安全生产许可证条例》（以下简称《条例》），《条例》第2条规定：“国家对矿山企业、建筑施工企业和危险化学品、烟花爆竹、民用爆破器材生产企业实行安全生产许可证制度”。
同时规定：“企业未取得安全生产许可证的不得从事生产活动”。
《条例》第6条还规定：“企业取得安全生产许可证，应当具备十三项安全生产条件”。
根据《条例》的规定，结合当前建筑施工企业实际，就如何贯彻实施《条例》谈几点看法：一、建立健全安全生产责任制，完善企业安全生产规章制度和各类操作规程施工企业必须建立健全各级领导、各部门的安全生产责任制，进一步明确各级人员岗位责任，制定相应的考核办法，定期考核责任制的落实情况。
为了更进一步落实责任制，明确责任，企业应将制订的安全生产目标进行层层分解，签订安全生产目标责任书，并制订考核标准及考核办法，定期组织考核。
同时，企业还应根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》（以下简称《安全条例》）规定建立十三项安全生产制度。
在实际安全生产管理工作中做到有章可循，有法可依。
在制订各工种操作规程时，应与企业工艺标准紧密结合起来，提出各工种在操作过程中的操作方法、安全注意事项，做到“三不伤害”，从“要我安全”的被动管理提升为“我要安全”的主动行为，从而建立一个完整的安全生产保证体系网络。
二、进一步加强安全生产投入，确保各项安全生产措施的落实《安全条例》第8条规定：“建设单位在编制工程概算时，应当确定安全作业环境及安全施工措施所需费用”。
第22条规定：“施工单位对列入建设工程概算的安全作业环境及安全措施费用应当用于施工安全防护用具及设施的采购更新、安全措施的落实及安全生产条件的改善，不得挪用”。
根据统计，安全的预防性投入效果与事故整改效果的经验测算比例是1：5的关系。
很显然，加强安全生产投入是预防事故的必要条件。
因此，企业必须制订安全生产投入的规章制度，将制订的文字性安全技术措施、方案落到实处，形成企业安全生产投入的长效机制。
1. 双眼去动眼神经的兔，左眼滴毛果芸香碱，右眼滴毒扁豆碱，你认为哪只眼的瞳孔会缩小？请说明理由。
（基本机制：毒扁豆碱：吸收作用：机制与新斯的明相似；与新斯的明不同处：P.O、注射易吸收（叔铵），易透过BBB(中枢作用)，易透过角膜；局部用于眼：用途与毛果芸香碱相同与毛果芸香碱不同处：机制不同，作用快、强、久，刺激性强）下面具体回答给问题：左眼会缩小，右眼不会。
毛果芸香碱是胆碱受体激动药，直接作用拟胆碱药，激动胆碱受体，毒扁豆碱是抗胆碱酯酶药: 间接作用拟胆碱药，抑制胆碱酯酶活性。
当动眼神经切除后，不再释放乙酰胆碱，毒扁豆碱的间接作用无效；而毛果芸香碱仍可直接激动眼球，使之缩瞳。
2. 阿托品解救有机磷酸酯类中毒的机制是什么？最先解除哪些症状？阿托品是M胆碱受体阻断药，迅速对抗M样作用，维持轻度阿托品化：颜面潮红、瞳孔稍大、心率稍快，消除全部M样症状。
3.为什么肾上腺素是抢救过敏性休克的首选药？因为肾上腺素：①收缩血管，血压上升。
②兴奋心脏，扩张冠脉，改善心功能。
③扩张支气管，收缩支气管黏膜血管，增加通气量④减少组胺等过敏介质释放4.多巴胺的药理作用有哪些？主要临床用途有哪些？药理作用：可激动外周多巴胺受体（D1受体）、β1、α受体1. 心脏：心力↑,加快心率不明显，不易心律失常。
(β1)2. 血管：小剂量：肾血管、肠系膜及冠状血管扩张（D1）大剂量：皮肤粘膜血管收缩（α1）注意：剂量较大通过激动α受体引起血管收缩作用超过血管舒张作用。
3. 血压：小剂量：收缩压上升；舒张压变化不大；大剂量：血压↑4. 肾脏：低浓度：激动肾血管D1受体，使血管扩张；排钠利尿。
高浓度：兴奋α受体，收缩肾血管。
临床用途：（1）抗休克：心源性休克、感染中毒性休克、出血性休克；以尿少、心收缩力↓，补足血容量者最好（2）急性肾功能衰竭：与利尿剂合用疗效较好5.硝酸甘油治疗心绞痛的作用是通过释放什么物质实现的?硝酸甘油释放内源性血管内皮舒张因子：NO供体药物，可抑制收缩蛋白，使血管舒张。
实验一、机械零件结构认识实验目的（提要：了解通用机械零件的种类、结构、标准、及其加工方法和零件的各种失效形式。
）一、实验设备及工具三、实验内容1、螺纹连接件2、带传动3、齿轮传动4、链传动5、轴及轴系零部件实验二、机构运动简图绘制一、实验目的（提要：根据机械实物或模型绘制机构运动简图，并对机构自由度进行分析和计算。
）二、实验设备及工具三、实验内容1、机构名称____________（附上机构实物图）（题后列举了许多常见机构）2、机构名称____________（附上机构实物图）3、机构名称____________（附上机构实物图）表格延伸，3个机构可集中四、思考题1、一个正确的“机构运动简图”应能说明那些内容2、机构自由度的计算对测绘机构运动简图有何帮助3、绘制机构运动简图时，原动件的位置是否可任意确定？若任意确定会不会影响简图正确性4、自由度大于或小于原动件数时会产生什么影响？雨伞、折叠椅、圆规、晾晒架晾衣架、缝纫机等等日常生活中常见的机构选2-3种绘制机构运动简图实验三、减速器的拆装一、实验目的（提要：了解传动装置的结构特点和装配工艺及附件设置，测量主要参数）二：实验设备及工具三、实验内容减速器名称____________1、画出减速器传动示意图2、画出轴系部件的结构草图（任意一根轴）3、减速器相关尺寸，表格填写三、思考题5、减速器有哪些附件，是什么类型？各有何功用6、减速器上轴和轴承、轴和轴上传动零件的轴向定位和周向定位是如何实现的7、为什么小齿轮的宽度往往做的比大齿轮大些。
8、箱体凸缘的螺栓连接处做成凸台或沉孔平面，为什么？等等，可以自己想写问题添加实验四、带传动实验一、实验目的1．观察带传动中主动轮和从动轮上的弹性滑动和打滑现象。
2．了解初拉力及从动轮负载的改变对带传动的影响，。
3．测绘出弹性滑动曲线和效率曲线。
二、实验设备及工具三、实验内容1、简述实验原理2、实验数据记录（以表格形式给出）3、绘制滑动曲线和效率曲线四、思考题1、实验中打滑现象是在什么情况下发生的？如何消除打滑2、带传动的效率如何测定？杰斯传动效率和有效拉力的关系3、传动的滑动率如何测定？分析滑动曲线和效率曲线的关系。
安福县钱山乡新民村新民自然村农村环境综合整治项目实施方案安福县钱山乡人民政府1．1项目概况 (1)1．2实施方案编制依据 (1)1．3指导思想 (2)1．4项目建设基本情况 (2)第二章基本概况 (3)2．1基本情况 (3)2．2自然概况 (3)2．3经济状况 (3)第三章生态环境问题 (4)3．1水环境 (4)3．2大气环境 (4)3．3声环境 (4)3．4固体废弃物 (5)第四章环境整治目的、意义及原则 (5)4．1农村环境综合整治的总体目标 (6)4．2农村环境综合整治的意义 (7)4．3农村环境综合整治的原则 (7)第五章主要实施内容 (8)5．1排水排污管、沟、渠道建设（所括改厕等） (8)5．2清洁饮用水池建设和水源地保护 (8)5．3垃圾填埋场及配套设施建设 (8)6．1工程总投资 (8)6．2编制依据 (9)6．3其他费用计取 (9)6．4投资估算表 (9)6．5资金筹措 (9)第七章保障措施 (10)7．1加强领导，明确责任 (10)7．2编制计划，组织申报 (10)7. 3坚持标准，保证质量 (10)7 .4强化监督，注重管理 (11)第八章主要成效 (11)8 .1主要成效 (11)第一章：总论为全面贯彻落实科学发展观，推进和谐社会和社会主义新农村建设，切实有效开展农村环境综合整治工作，乡党委政府非常重视新民村环境整治工作，结合新民村实际情况，特制定新民村2010年农村环境综合整治方案：农村生态建设是新民村加强环境保护工作，增强全村村民环保意识，促进新民村生态文明，改善人居环境的重大举措。
为切实加强新民村的环境整治工作，确保整治工作富有成效，结合新民村实际情况，制定本实施方案:1．1项目概况1、项目名称：新民自然村农村环境综合整治项目2、项目申报单位：新民村村委会3、项目建设地点：吉安市安福县钱山乡新民村新民自然村1．2实施方案编制依据1、《关于编制农村环境综合整治规划的通知》(赣环然字[2008]23号)；2、《关于修改完善农村环境综合整治申报材料的通知》(赣环然字[2008]23号)3、《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》；4、《地表水环境质量》标准GHIBI--1999；5、《污水综合排放标准》688978--96；6、国家及地方有关环保的法律法规；7、其他相关材料1．3指导思想认真贯彻落实“三个代表”重要思想和党的七大精神，以安福县人民政府关于切实改善农村环境质量，促进社会主义新农村建设总体要求为指导，以建设“村容整洁的社会主义新农村”为目标，紧紧抓住新农村建设的重点、难点、热点问题。
命题人：大学英语教研室试卷类别：_B 卷大学英语课程试卷2005至2006学年第二学期专业：非英语专业年级：05级姓名：_____ 学号：______成绩:_____ 考试形式：闭卷时间：100分钟Part I Vocabulary and StructureSection AChoose the correct item to complete each sentence. (0.5’ X 10)1. It is important to give children _________ to think for themselves.A. locationB. placeC. roomD. position2. He always ___________ the latest fashions.A. commentedB. appearedC. followedD. attempted3. The twins were dressed ________ in blue jeans so I couldn’t tell which was which.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. liking4. It’s wrong to leave a hotel without _______ all your bills.A. givingB. payingC. charging C. taking5. We should take pride ______ our great country.A. aboutB. inC. onD. at6. Their religion(宗教) is based on a respect for all _________ things.A. liveB. livingC. livedD. alive7. Nobody knows _______ will happen next.A. whenB. howC. ifD. what8. I could n’t find my dictionary, so I asked Mary ________ use hers.A. toB. if I couldC. can ID. could I9. He wondered ________ she would accept the offer or not.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which10. The village was very small. There were only ________ houses.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littleSection BComplete each sentence with the correct form of the word given. (1’ X 10)1.He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in (dangerous) ____________.2.Many young people are crazy about this handsome (act) _________.3.After her mother left for Beijing, her calls became less (frequently) __________.4.I have complete (confident) _____________ in my best friend.5.The lucky couple had a long and happy (marry) __________.6.Once again we were very (disappoint) _____________ at the outcome of the talks.7.The events were (faith) _________ recorded in her diary.8.By and by, she was getting (impatience) ______________ at having to wait so long.9.The proposed plan will not (satisfaction) ________________ everyone.10.The speech was so (humor) _____________ that the audience kept laughing all through it.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part is to test your reading ability. There are some tasks for you to fulfill. Y ou should read the reading material carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.T ask 1Y our Public Affairs Studies Course requires that you understand a major investigation（调查）on any topic of interest and it also requires that your draw together all the areas of your study. However, you do not need to give equal emphasis to each area. With this in mind, you can now start planning your project for investigation. Y our course of study will bring you in contact with many issues; some of these will be of more interest to you than others. Y our teacher or classmates may be able to make suggestions. Newspapers and magazines that you read carry issues of relevance (关联) to your studies; look at these carefully. Y ou are sure to find sources of ideas from them which you can adapt to form the basis of your report. Career interests are also a source for inspiration（灵感）, as you may have in mind a career which you wish to enter. Whatever you choose, it must be something that you are interested in. It should have some meaning to you, either now or in the future. Interest is of great importance because it helps to keep motivation (动力) or concentration.1. What is the course in the passage about?A. InvestigationsB. Career InterestsC. Public RelationsD. Public Affairs2. The course can help you to _______.A. select your career interestsB. make suggestions to your friendsC. design your investigationD. find solutions to many issues3. To get information related to your study, you’d better pay close attention to _____.A. newspapers and magazinesB. the problems and solutionsC. all the areas of your studyD. the suggestions of the teachers4. The topic of your investigation must be one ______.A. from which you can form your reportB. that you are interested inC. that your teacher approvesD. that you already have in your mind5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. If you like your career, you will be motivated to do it well.B. If you have chosen a good career, you will be interested in it.C. If you like your career, you must do it well.D. If you find it difficult to enter a good career, you must wait.Task 2Doctors estimated that about 40% of women over thirty in Britain are overweight. This figure may well be misleading as certainly large number of overweight people never seek medical advice.Many women are very worried about being overweight. They feel that it shows a lack of will-power or self-control on their part. In addition, fat women do not conform to the modern idealof beauty exemplified (作为例子) by fashion models and young films stars who are all incredibly （难以置信地）thin.Apart from aesthetic (审美的) reasons, there are strong medical grounds for not overeating. Overweight people are particularly more likely to get heart disease and are easily tired by physical activity. Losing weight would certainly make them feel healthier and increase their life expectancy (期望).Some women feel guilty about being fat and their guilt is repressed by eating more. It is a vicious (邪恶的) circle. On the other hand, there are women who unnecessarily lose weight in order to conform (使符合) to a model of social acceptability. Some of them end up by starving (挨饿) themselves to death! So perhaps it might be better to try to remove fat people’s unhappiness than to try to remove the fat.6. The best title for this passage would be _______.A. The percentage of overweightB. Overweight peopleC. Doctor’s estimationD. Losing weight7. Many women are worried about being overweight because _________.A. they would like to be fashion models.B. they would like to be film star.C. they want to follow the modern ideal beauty.D. they lack will-power.8. The author mentioned some medical grounds for not being overweight. Which of the followingis not included?A. Overweight people are easily tired by physical activity.B. Overweight people usually get heart disease.C. Losing weight would help overweight people increase their life expectancy.D. Being overweight doesn’t conform to the modern ideal of beauty.9. Some women lose weight by ________.A. refusing to eatB. overeatingC. getting rid of their happinessD. getting rid of their heart disease10. What is the author’s attitude towards losing weight?A. He is for this idea.B. He is against this idea.C. He is neutral.D. His attitude is not mentioned.T ask 3English for Cambridge ExaminationThis course prepares non-native speakers for the internationally recognized First Certificate in English.Syllabus (课程大纲)Speaking skills are taught as part of an integrated approach. Special emphasis is placed on the ability to communicate successfully at all levels. Listening skills are also taught as part of integrated approach. Extensive use is made of our modern language laboratory and video self-access center.Grammar practice is an essential part of the preparation for the examination. Student are introduced to word processing on computers.Integrated into our basic syllabus for speaking, listening and reading are regular classes onBritish life and institutions including the legal system, politics and the press. Literary (文学的) text form a part of all courses.Careers and future studyThe FCE is an intermediate qualification internationally recognized in commerce, industry and higher education.AdmissionApplication --- refer direct to the Language Center, University Brighton, Falmer, Brighton BN 19 PH for details and application form.ContactT ask 4A--- End Held CallB--- Read MessageC--- Last One CallD--- Fixed DialingE--- Call V oice-mailF--- Call WaitingG--- V oice DialingH--- Play V oice-notesI--- Call BarringJ--- Key Answer OnlyK--- Edit MessageL--- Call DivertingM--- End Current CallN--- Phone BookO--- Reply to Message16．（）结束当前通话（）只能用按键应答17．（）连接语音信箱（）最后一次通话18．（）固定号码拨号（）播放语音记事19．（）呼入转移（）禁止通话20．（）语音拨号（）编辑短消息T ask 5Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements below it. Y ou should write your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Job-hunting Myths(误区)Don’t defeat yourself by accepting common myths, says the head of an international consulting(咨询)company.Myth 1: If there’s noting available in your field, switch careers.Fact1 : That’s one of the worst things you can do. Y ou compete against others with experience, and you will not approach your old salary level.Myth 2 : Lower your salary demands. Y ou’ll be more attractive to employers in an uncertain economy.Fact 2 : People who aks for less are viewed as “undesirable property”. If you are considered anything less than first-class, you are not likely to be hired.Myth 3 : If you are over 50, it will be very hard to find another job.Fact 3 : Workers over 50 win new jobs almost as quickly as youngsters do, Today’s employers place a premium(额外补贴) on experience.Myth 4 : Bring up salary as quickly as possible in the first interview.Fact 4 : That’s a fast way to be removed (取消)from consideration. It tells employers you are more concemed with yourself than with the company.Myth 5 : Y ou can only get interviews between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.on weekdays.Fact 5 : Employers are often available before and after regular hours when the office is quieter. If you get an interview then, you’ve got an employer’s concentrated attedtion.21. What is the disadvantage o changing your career?Y ou will not reach22. What will be the result if you are not considered as first-class?Y ou are less possible to23. What actually will experienced older people get?They are likely to get24. What will happen if you ask for a high salary in the first interview?It will make you the job.25. What is a better time for and interview?Not .Part III T ranslationPut the following into English:1. 他似乎以贬低别人为快.(speak poorly of )2. 他知道那项任务很难,但还是接受了. (be conscious of )3. 只要你经常锻炼,你又会变得健康起来.(as long as )4. 我们应该从失败中吸取教训,这是很重要的.(learn a lesson from)Put the following into Chinese1. My father often said that it was only because my grandmother was so economical that thewolves were kept at bay.2. These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with theirmemories.3. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it isa whole way of living.4. Helen was in her 60s, had red hair, and tons of self-respect---something I was really lacking.Part IV WritingDirections:This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. Write an English schedule for Tom according to the information given below in Chinese. Some parts of it have been done for you. Remember to write it on the Composition/Translation Sheet.汤姆是公司销售部经理,工作繁忙，下面是他某一周的工作安排：周一上午写业务报告，下午和总经理讨论业务报告。
四六级网考对大学英语写作教学的启示作者：刘淑波张艳来源：《现代交际》2011年第04期［摘要］大学英语四六级网络考试作为新型考试形式，具有评价客观、运行成本低等优点，已成为未来英语考试形式的必然趋势。
由于新英语网考在考试形式上的改变，使其在题型与内容上作出了相应的调整，如写作部分被涵盖在听力综合内，与听力理解部分紧密相连。
因此，本文针对网考与传统考试的区别，探讨了网考写作部分的变化，并提出了网考对大学英语写作教学的几点启示，以期帮助学生做到有效备考。
［关键词］四六级网考英语写作听力理解能力计算机操作能力［中图分类号］H310.4［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1009-5349（2011）04-0207-02自2007年大学英语四六级网考试点推行以来，已历经了四年的时间。
从最开始的学生、教师怨声一片到现在的默然接受，见证了改革受阻但也必须推行的自然规律。
国家四六级考试中心一直强调在二、三年内要将四六级网考全面推行，与国际接轨，足见国家教委改革决心之大。
教育部新闻发言人续梅2010年12月28日在教育部举行的新闻发布会上称，“大学英语四六级考试网考系统的设计已经完成并将继续推行，凡是具备硬件条件的学校都可以自主参加。
”在这样的大环境下，如何在大学英语教学中进行改革，以适应新形势的发展要求，便成了大学英语教师们要思考的问题。
而在四六级网考考试中，除了听力比重的显著增加，依托听力材料开展写作考试的模式也是一项很重要的改变。
本文将重点讨论如何在大学英语教学中渗透网考写作的教学知识，以提高学生大学英语四六级网考写作水平，帮助学生更好应对新的考试形式，取得好成绩。
一、四六级网考与传统考试的区别大学英语四六级网考（Internet-based CET-4 or CET-6）是与国际英语测试接轨的考试形式。
与传统四六级考试有两大区别：1.考试媒介的调整。
网考的主要媒介是计算机，而传统考试的主要媒介是纸、笔和录音机。
Section B:Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. C) Bury the dead near a church.B) Burn the body. D) Buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land.B) To see whether they have decayed.C) To follow the Greek religious practice.D) To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.28. A) They should be buried lying down.B) They should be buried standing up.C) They should be buried after being washed.D) They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A) Burning dead bodies to ashes.B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room.D) Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B) Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C) The United Stated is a country of immigrants.D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A) They can make friends with people from other countries.B) They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C) They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D) They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A) The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B) The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C) The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests.D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He took them to watch a basketball game.B) He trained them to play European football.C) He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.D) He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A) The players found the basket too high to reach.B) The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C) The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.D) The players soon found the game boring.35. A) By removing the bottom of the basket.B) By lowering the position of the basket.C) By simplifying the complex rules.D) By altering the size of the basket.Section BPassage 1【原文再现】In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace forever when they die（26）.Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process（26）. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent the grave for three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years（27）. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Athens’ city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problems（29）. But the Greek church resists this practice, they believe the only place where people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down（28）. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.【文章概要】文章主要讲述了在希腊，因为土地资源极为有限，除了有钱人，绝大多数死者在埋葬三年后被挖起来重新处理，但还不能保证能妥善处理。
2011年英语四级写作提高：如何改写范文 在复习准备英语四级写作时，我们应该按照“谋篇、段落、句子、措辞”(如图一)“四步走”的宏观复习方式来准备。我们应该将以往的范文作为框架，从谋篇布局着手，加以润色字词句的修饰，将其变成自己的四级高分作文。
英语四级、英语六级考试写作提高方法： 学习范文或掌握优秀作文是打破提高自己传统写作语言的第一步。下面我们通过2005年12月四级范文，分析学习如何提纯范文中的“谋篇、段落、句子、措辞”并加以利用，使其变成自己的语言。
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist？ 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2. 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3. 我认为„ Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists？ Nowadays， many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city， the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province。
So far as the present situation is concerned， is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists？ Different people have different opinions. On one hand， some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand， some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion， the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere。
In my opinion， the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus， it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field。
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。 第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays， „ „ have become one of the popular „ „。 It has been shown on TV and on the radio that „ „。
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned， is it a good or bad thing to „ „？ Different people have different opinions. On one hand， some people argued that it is a good thing for „ „ in that „ „。 On the other hand， some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion， „ „ will have negative effect on „ „ because it will not only do harm to „ „ but also to „ „。
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion， „ „ is not a good thing. „ „ With the increasing „ „， it will ruin „ „。
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。 段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。 统一性(unity)：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence)：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays， on one hand， on the other hand， in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness)：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned， is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists？”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand „ „。 On the other hand， „ „。”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。 1. It has been shown that „ „ 类似句型：It is known to us that „ „ It is said that „ „ It is reported that „ „ It is controversial that „ „ 2. “„ „ Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities „ „。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使„能够 I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house。 4. in that = because 表“因为”的连词还有since， for， as，如： The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill。 此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如： Since the boy was ill， he was absent. 句式多样化。 最后，提纯范文“措辞”。 1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。 2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的 形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions a multitude of a great deal of a large amount of plenty of many a 3. “some people argued that „ „”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that „ „ I maintain that „ „ I claim that „ „ I insist that „ „ = I think that „ „ I hold that „ „ I assert that „ „ I assume that „ „ 4. negative adj. 否定的，相反的 hold negative view = hold opposite opinions 5. phenomenon n. 现象 social phenomenon 社会现象 natural phenomenon 自然现象 6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent， bright， clever (选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual 》 intelligent 》 bright 》 clever)
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会 2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会 3. 我的看法 Nowadays， the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast， while gathering with their beloved family。
