3）Useful Writing Patterns
（1）块状比较模板：
模板一
It is really hard to say which is better than the other, A or B. Both have their merits and shortcomings.
A has a great many advantages. First, …. Second, …. Third, …. Wondering as A is , it has its drawback s. First of all, …. Besides, ….
B is quite different from B in many ways. Its positive sides are as follows. Firstly, …. Sencondly, …. Like anyting else, B has its faults, such
as….
Evidently, both A and B have their positive and negative aspects.The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of the both and get
rid of their inconveniences.
模板二
The topic of ____ (主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say _A__ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ______(A理由一). What’s more, _____(A理由二). Moreover, _____(A理由三).
While others think that __B__ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,______ (B理由一).Secondly/Besides, ______ (B理由二). Thirdly/ Finally, ______(B理由三).
For my point of view, I think ______(我的观点). The reason is that _____ (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reason to
explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.
模板三
There is a heated debate over ______(主题). It is commonly accepted that __A__ . In contrast, others think that __B___ .
Those who hold the first opinion suggest that ______(A理由一). In their view, ______ (A理由二). However, others think ______(B理由一).They argue that
_______(B理由二) .
Considering one after another, I stand on the side of _A/B__ . First of all,
______(原因一). Furthermore, _______(原因二). Thirdly, ______(原因三). Therefore, I am in favor of the idea _____ (我的观点).
（2）逐点比较框架：
Both A and B are very popular in today’s society. Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and A
and B are no exception.
There are many differences between A and B. In the first place, A…. On the contrary, B…. In the second place，A …. Unlike A, B….
Last but by no means the least, A …. By contrast, B….
Both A and B have their strong points and weak points respectively. People can choose which way to use according to their own likes
and dislikes.
3. 写作后阶段：检查与修改
1）词汇、结构、句型、时态、语法（方面的错误减到最低）；
2）句子之间的连接、段落之间的衔接（流畅；
3）整篇文章的内容（重点突出）、结构与层次（清晰、分明）；
四．写作练习：请根据自己的能力和兴趣，用比较和对照写作方法完成一篇英语作文，题目如下：
1. By Car or By Bike
2. By E-mail or By Letter
3. Live On Campus or Off Campus
4. Package Tour or Travelling On Your Own
5. College Lectures or Discussion
6. Study Abroad or At Home
五．范文
Campus Life
1. 有的大学生认为大学生活是丰富多彩，充实的；
2. 有的大学生对校园生活不满意；
3. 你理想中的大学生活是什么样的？谈谈你的感受。
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has come true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me company, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Internet.
On Overseas Study
1.有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择；
2.也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想；
3.我的看法。
With the deepening of reform and opening—up of our country, many people dream of going abroad for further study. They insist that the modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in those foreign co11eges and universities can help lay a perfect foundation for their future development.
However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that studying
abroad is too expensive and therefore d oesn’t pay, They also point out that there are no language and cu1tural barriers if they study in our country.
Just as the old saying goes, ―Every advantage has its disadvantage.‖ Both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have the chance and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. On the other hand, if conditions don’t permit, they can pursue their studies in top universities at home. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn．
Western Festivals in China
1 有人崇尚过西方节目，认为是与国际接轨的途径之一。
2 有人反对过西方节日，强调要保持民族文化的纯洁性。
3 我的观点。
We are always looking forward to a variety of festivals. Among them, some are from western countries, for example, Christmas, the Valentine'S Day and so on. Some people, especially the young men, considered it natural to celebrate these festivals. They point out that accepting western festivals shows that people in China are becoming more and more aware of the importance of international cultural exchange between the countries. Celebrating the festivals of another culture is just a good chance for us to know more about it. After all, these festivals have enriched our life.
On the contrary, arguments against these western festivals can be 0ften heard among old people. They think that Chinese culture is eminent and glorious. We Chinese should keep its purity, since it is this culture that makes our nation different from others. Those exotic festivals can not blend in with ours because of their foreign background.
As for my part, I don't think foreign festivals will do any harm to the purity or survival of our culture. Besides, whether to celebrate them is rather an individual choice. Of course, we should not forget our traditions which have descended from our ancestors thousands of years ago, but if the western festivals could bring us happiness and joy, why can’t we celebrate them?
Living alone or Living with Roommates
1.有人认为大学里应独自生活
2.另一些认为大学里应与别人同住
3.你的看法
Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter.
Those who are in favor of Living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves. They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own. They can have their own timetable without disturbing others. They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.
But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own. With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly
enriched. They can learn a lot from talking to one another. By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.
As far as I’m c oncerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging. Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.
To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?
1．在大企业工作的特点；
2．在小企业工作的特点；
3．我的选择。
Just as there are distinct differences between being a small fish is a big pond and a big fish in a small pond, so it is with working as a
subordinate in a large enterprise and presiding in a small firm.
With the former, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors, or the Bell Telephone System. You have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process.
With the latter, you have greater responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are expose to various experiences and expected to do a great many thing without much help or guidance.
Personally I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where my prospect of promotion is good as long as I work hard. To tell the truth , I’d rather become a well-known and important figure within my own small pond.
Knowledge and Diploma
1.目前社会上存在这样一种说法：文凭越高越吃香
2.而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识
3.你的观点
It is generally believed that a high diploma guarantees a promising future. Some people identify high diplomas with profound knowledge and exceptional competence. Companies also tend to emphasize the academic achievement of a job candidate. Like it or not, there does exist a social reality – the higher diplomas one gets, the more popular he becomes.
On the contrary, other people claim that a high diploma doesn’t automatically translate into knowledge. A diploma, in their eyes, is only the acknowledgment of one’s education al experience rather than a guarantee of one’s ability. Therefore, we can never measure the depth of one’s knowledge by the grade of one’s diploma. Besides, many knowledgeable people don’t have a high diploma. Take Bill Gates for example. His dropping out of college cannot deny the fact that he is one of the world’s most learned men.
So I must say no one should ever equate a diploma with knowledge, because a diploma is nothing but a proof of a short-term study while genuine knowledge needs one’s lifelong devotion.
怎样提高初中英语的写作技巧和方法 西畴县逸夫中学-----杨宗粉 【摘要】：培养学生写作能力须：打好词汇量基础；熟练记住单词；熟练使用简单句；加强听力训练，；书写规范，促进写作；注重听、说、读能力的同步发展；重视课外练习。注重学生平时的单词拼写与组句能力，提醒学生积累常用表达方式，要求阅读背诵精彩段落，同时教师要利用教材话题资源，结合多种训练与评价方式，提升学生思维能力，强化写作专项指导，使学生养成英语书面表达的习惯，最终达到英语作为语言交际的目的。 【关键词】：写作技巧；词汇量；写作方法；单词拼写组句能力；阅读背诵；常用表达方式 听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是“写”的能力。《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，而且占到 15-20分左右，可见写作在英语考题中占的比例还是较大的。但一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。写一篇像样的英语作文多80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。针对这种现象来分析学生存在的问题和解决的办法： 一、学生写作过程中出现的现状 1.词汇量太少 词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇
量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解；词语误用，表达不准确；某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味；文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。 语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English 现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。 2.词汇错误较多 学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确（审题不正确）。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is＋adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。 3.写出的长句达不到表达效果 一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示
英语作文范文 胡敏《英语写作困境与对策》 考生在写作时面临一些困境和问题,主要有以下几点: 一、滔滔不绝”意识流” 有一部分考生在考试时一见到作文题,便感到很对自己的胃口,觉得有很多内容要写。于是乎千言万语涌上心头,写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句尚未写完便接上了后一句,辛辛苦苦写了一大堆(甚至有写11个自然段的)犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷的老师头疼不己,无法继续往下看。原因就在于这种没有构思、未理提纲的作文章法太乱,语言质量差。无论是四、六级考试还是研究生入学考试,我国的作文试题都是规定式作文(controlled writing),这跟国外考试(如TOEE)不一样。因此,写作时必须按给出的提纲或提示去写,任何过于放任自由的做法都是不可取的,更不要另有所图,滔滔不绝。这是进入实际操作前的一个基本认识问题,稍不留神就会出问题。 要控制这种”意识流”的写法,必须严格按照三点提纲来写。假如第一段要求描述某个现象,务必不要先进行原因分析,否则到了第二段该分析原因的时候就没东西可写了。明智的做法是投其所好,该如何就如何,这一原则适用于所有的考试。另外,有的考生一方面有话则多,一发而不可收,控制不了自己;一方面无话则隐,该说的
话没有说出来。我们不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落:一篇200词左右的作文一般不会超过15句话,把这15句话根据题目要求分配到各段中去,每一段大模只说那么几句话,绝不多说。事实上往往是说得越多,错误越多。因此,跟着提纲走,每一段不要写得太多,点到为止,见好就收,这才是最稳妥的对策。 二、无话可说真难受 无话可说是滔滔不绝的对立面。有的考生题目看得懂,提纲也一目了然,就是不知道该说什么,在考场上头脑一片空白,想到的也只是空泛的东西。这是一种常见的现象。在这种情况下,即使是用中文也难以写好,更何况要用英文去表达。针对这一情况,办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。比如说,要谈论电视节目这一话题,可以联想到新闻联播,并由此想到它让人们开阔视野,了解世界。但有人觉得话题太熟悉了,反而一时说不出什么来。其实,作文题一定是永恒的话题,在任何时候都可以讨论;或为当代话题,让所有的人都有话可说。题目是公平的,绝对不会让某一专业的考生有特别的优势。所以,考生一定能联想起具体细小的事情,再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的实质内容,这不失为一种很好的策略。例如,计算机的利与弊这个话题似乎太大,但是可能想到的具体的现象是小孩、学生要在计算机前玩计算机游戏。由此带来的思考是,这些学生整天呆在那里对他们的mind是有害的,并waste a lot of time。 因此,当头脑出现空白时,应该由具体细小的、琐碎的、微
Animation Industry i n Japan a nd America Rencently, young people seem to be crazy about an activity which is called C osplay.In the activity they dress up in some wired clothes and pose themselves as a character in a Japanese or American cartoon s. As we know, both Japanese and American cartoons are the most popular animation industry in the world. However, they have some differences due to their culture diversity.
More and more Japanese realize the problem that they have lots of good painter but are short of excellent marketers. Compared with Japanese cartoon,American cartoon has a complete matur e i ndustrial chain and perfect industrial structure. The Disney Company is a good example. The Disney Park built by the Disney Company has located in America, Japan, China and some European countries. You can find all the characters that exist in Disney cartoon in the park and have a good time. Although the two kinds of animation industry have developed to a high level in the world, there still are problems which prevent the industries from getting better. Maybe combine them together and strengthen their communication will be a good method. On Old People and Children A number of people have the feeling that they take care of their children easily, while they also will be subjected to their mothers’complain t s although they take care of their mothers thoughtfully. In fact,there are some similarities and differences between old people and children. As long as we learn about these below, we will deal with all of them relaxedly. First of all, old people and children have some similariies. In people have the same willfulness and the same love of
一、代入法 这是进行英语(论坛)写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如： 他从不承认自己的失败。 He never admits his failure. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。 The match attracted a large crowd. 他把蛋糕分成4块。 He divided the cake into four pieces. 二、还原法 即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如： 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗? Is this the train for Glasgow? 还原为陈述句：This is the train for Glasgow. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。 It was because he loved my money that he married me. 还原为非强调句：Because he loved my money, he married me. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 还原为正常语序：Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. 三、分解法 就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了，又能减少写错句子的几率。如： 我们要干就要干好。 If we do a thing, we should do it well. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。 There are students here from all over thecountry. Many of them are from the North. 四、合并法 就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力，同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如： 我们迷路了，这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。 Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.
写好英语作文的方法有哪些 写好英语作文的方法 第一招：审题细心 审题好比驾驶员打方向，方向对了，哪怕开得慢点，也会顺利到目的地。如果审题不清，书面表达的成绩不知道会有多惨。学生真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备，包含以下四方面： 1审体裁。根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁文章。 2审结构。明确开始部分、正文部分和结尾部分，定好段落。 3审格式。如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等。 4审内容。弄清什么必需写，哪些略写，尤其是图画式书面表达，要学会连贯性，读懂图的意思。 5审人称和时态。弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，根据材料确定短文的基本时态。 第二招：衔接流畅 恰当使用逻辑词语，使各要点间连贯，行文通顺。 表并列或递进:and,both…and...,neither…nor,not only…but also...; 表选择:or,either…or; 表转折或让步:but,although,though,however,even though,inspite of,on the contrary; 表对比:like,unlike,while; 表举例:for example,such as,that's to say; 表强调:in fact,of course,besides; 表时间顺序:when,after,before,as soon as,soon，after; 表因果关系:because,since,as,for,for this reason，as a result; 表结论:in a word,to sum up,in summary,in conclusion,on the whole. 第三招：短语地道
关于对比 共同点 The two boys had so much in common that they soon became good friends. The two ideas and the rejections are parallel to each other. The two parts compare with each other in their similarity. Both of the ideas are incorrect and are followed by corrections. Although Grant and Robert were fierce rivals during the war, their lives, both military and nonmilitary, had a great deal in common. These three types generally have the same traits. This Church was the custodian of knowledge, as well as the main employer of literate men. Rapid changes, have forced most countries to reconsider the national goals of education; Great Britain is no exception. The two systems are, in effect, identical. The individuals and the government are of the same importance. People of all ages have been playing these games. He was consistent in his attitude. 他的态度是前后一致的。 Our packing will be on a par with that of the Japanese. 我们的包装可以与日本同行相比美。 不同点 The writer presented two different ideas, one about Gail’s mother’s early idea a nd the other about other people’s idea. The television western (西方影片) of several years ago differs greatly from the western of today. This part introduces to us the love between Gail, a White woman and Mark, a black man. There is a big/great distinction between working hard and being a workaholic. Workaholics, on the other hand, are often disorganized, always find reasons for working more, feel lost without work to do, hide from problems through work, don’t know how or when to relax, bring work home from th e office, can’t communicate well with fellow workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives. We seem to be more in the fast lane than ever before. They are more comfortable being with fellow workers than with family and friends.
怎样提高初中英语的写作技巧和方法 【摘要】：培养学生写作能力须：打好词汇量基础；熟练记住单词；熟练使用简单句；加强听力训练，；书写规范，促进写作；注重听、说、读能力的同步发展；重视课外练习。注重学生平时的单词拼写与组句能力，提醒学生积累常用表达方式，要求阅读背诵精彩段落，同时教师要利用教材话题资源，结合多种训练与评价方式，提升学生思维能力，强化写作专项指导，使学生养成英语书面表达的习惯，最终达到英语作为语言交际的目的。 【关键词】：写作技巧；词汇量；写作方法；单词拼写组句能力；阅读背诵；常用表达方式 听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是“写”的能力。《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，而且占到 15-20分左右，可见写作在英语考题中占的比例还是较大的。但一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。写一篇像样的英语作文多80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。针对这种现象来分析学生存在的问题和解决的办法： 一、学生写作过程中出现的现状 1.词汇量太少 词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇
量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解；词语误用，表达不准确；某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味；文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。 语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English 现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。 2.词汇错误较多 学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确（审题不正确）。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is＋adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。 3.写出的长句达不到表达效果 一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示
提高英语写作的方法与技巧 1．背景 写文章难，用英语写文章则更难。理由很简单，中国人若想用英 语写文章，首先必须具备一定的语言水平，即必须掌握英语中最基本 的词汇和语法，必须具备写出通顺连贯的英语句子的水平，同时还要 懂得一点英美文化背景知识和一定的修辞法。所有这些要素都是用英 语写作的基本前提。用英语写文章难的另一原因是，英语写作与汉语 写作虽有很多相同之处，但因为社会文化背景的差异，两者之间又有 些不同之处，像思维模式、遣词造句、文体风格等都存有着明显的差异，我们只有了解了这些差异，并在实践中灵活利用这些差异，写出 的文章才能合乎英语习惯、流畅得体，达到书面交际的目的，所以我 们常说，写作不但要表达出想要表达的意念，而且还要得体，要符合 英语表达习惯。当然，要想写出像样的文章，除扎实的语言功底外， 还需要具备其他一些水平，其中包括审题水平、选材水平、谋篇水平、思维水平、分析水平、想象水平以及比较渊博的文化知识。 2．存有的问题 当前学生用英语写作文存有以下几个突出问题：一是语言表达水 平差，这是语言基本功不扎实造成的；二是语言不规范。三是分析问题、理解问题的水平不强。关于第一个问题，主要表现在遣词造句、 语法的规范化方面；学生们不善于选词，想到哪个就用哪个，学了很多，记了很多，会用的却很少。所以，应用时往往苦于无法用英语完 全表达思想，随之就产生了汉语式的句子。关于第二个问题，主要表 现在句型意识弱，对于一些习惯表达法知之甚少。学生只会写： “ Computer is very important to our life.” 却很少通过阅读学 会这样的句子：“ Computer is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life ” 又如：“ The transportation can p romote the tourism industry greatly” , 这个句子好不好，还有没有其他表达法，通过学习写作知识，我们知
首先，我先谈谈在我所教授的班上，对于英语写作所存在的问题。 1.学生对写作有畏惧感 很大部分学生对英语写作不感兴趣，一提到写作就害怕，也无从下手，不知道该写什么，怎么写，尽管绞尽脑汁，写出来的作文得分率也很低，有的甚至就不写，经常出现写作空白卷。 2.写作中常见的错误 （1）单词拼写错误多 拼写错误是学生作文中普遍存在的一个问题，主要错误集中在一些形相似，音相近的单词等等。 （2）选词不当的错误 学生在写英语作文时只注意“要点提示”中的汉语字面意思，而忽视了所选单词的词性，用法及其搭配。以至于错用，乱用。（3）时态，句子结构，主谓一致等语法错误 很多学生在英语写作中会有一些基本的语法错误。主要原因在于学生不习惯英语语言中的变化形式。 （4）句式表达错误 此类错误具体表现为学生所选用的句式不符合英语语言习惯，学生经常按汉语顺序译成英语，使得逻辑混乱。 （5）综合性错误 如名词的单，复数变化，形容词和副词的混淆，冠词的错用，介词的错用，代词的误用，非谓语动词误用等。 其次，我谈一下，听了专家的讲座后，我该如何解决这些问题，帮助
学生们提高写作水平。 1.抓好英语写作的基础性训练。 英语写作的基础性训练是训练基本句型。因此，在写作教学中，应把这五个基本句型作为写作训练的出发点。课堂练习以及作业布置上，多在造句上下工夫，打好写作的第一步。 2.多条途径培养学生的英语写作思维能力。 一是扩大阅读量。要让学生言之有物，就必须重视扩大其阅读量。大量阅读对学生熟悉词汇和句子结构有积极的作用。通过一段时间的语言输入，丰富了学生的语言材料，对写作能起到极好地促进作用。 二是背诵范文。在英语写作教学过程中，教师要选择适当的阅读材料作范文，这将对启发学生的思维起到立竿见影的作用。课文是提供给学生的最好范文，背诵课文是一个积累语篇的过程，也是思维发展的过程，它有记忆、理解、感悟、鉴赏四个阶段。背诵课文有助于学生对词汇的记忆，诵读过程中学生感悟内容，内化语言，提高能力。 三是仿写作文。首先，由浅入深、由易到难、循序渐进、一环紧扣一环地进行训练。然后，通过对知识点的复习加深学生对句型的印象。最后，让学生仿写成文。 3.优化作文的批改，增强纠错的时效性。对于学生的写作错误采用符号的方式加以提醒，再由学生根据提示改正。每次改完作文后，总结学生的一般性错误，并再课堂上指出并强调。有时还可以选几篇比较有针对性的作文，让全班同学一起批改，加深印象。
农村初中英语写作教学的策略与途径初探在成功的英语学习中，作文实在是必不可少的重要因素，可惜的是，在如今的英语教学中，这本应加强的一环反而受到了削弱。作文的好处如果用一句话来说，就是对读、听、说的最好反馈。这种反馈是其它学习形式，练习形式所代替不了的，因此，我认真学习新课程标准中的新理念，确立新的教学观，制定适应性强的教学目标，给予写作教学正确的定位。 一、我根据英语学科初中阶段各单元的教学目标，结合学生实际情况，脚踏实地实施写作教学步骤，细化内容，钻研教法和学法，帮助学生端正学习态度，激发学生学习热情，指导学生形成较为有效的写作策略。 （一）在听、说、读教学中渗透“写”的训练 《新课程标准》采用话题大纲和结构—功能大纲相结合的体系进行编排，每个单元都围绕着一个主题来展开听、说、读、写的四项技能的实践，突出了先输入后输出的特征，有利于我开展写作教学。1．加强听力训练，夯实写作基础 “不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说过的语言，不说没有听过的语言。”由此可见，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受，在外语学习中是基础中的基础。我认为加强听力训练，必要时可以把听力材料改变成短文的形式，例如我在教授八年级下册Unit9 Can you come to my party ? Section B时，把听力材料进行了如下改编：Vince ______ play tennis with Andy. He _____ go to the doctor and study for a test
today. __________, he __________ soccer. After that, he has a piano ______. And he is _____ to babysit his sister ____________. 可以使学生获取更多信息，从而为写作表达打下基础。 2．创设说的平台，以“说”促“写” “学生的口语句型结构和表达方式往往是他们学习写作的基础”，我在写作教学同时，帮助学生提高和丰富口头表达技能，因为口语中常包含许多书面语的结构。 背诵也是学习英语的基本手段之一，重视背诵，尤其课文中的重点句型，也有利于学生口语、书面语言能力的提高和语感的增强，我指导学生平时要注意积累好词好句，适当使用英语佳句，可令文章增色不少。 3．注重拓展阅读，以“读”促“写” 古人云：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也会吟”。广泛的阅读可增强学生的理解和吸收书面信息的能力，丰富学生的语言知识，了解英语国家文化背景，对英语写作会起到潜移默化的作用。我充分利用现有的教学资料，结合报刊、媒体、网络等资源，通过设计互动交流的学习任务，引导学生主动参与阅读和写作训练。 初中阶段的课本体裁常采用人物对话，在教学活动中，我要求学生采用将对话或听力材料改为语篇式的文章，缩写或仿写等形式，既巩固了课文，又利用了现成的素材进行写作训练。我还根据学生实际水平延伸阅读，启发交流，进行趣味写作。积极扩大课外阅读也是加强写作能力培养的有效途径之一。我提倡学生阅读英文报刊、杂志、
比较/对比类作文常用词 v相同点 §Like, same, in the same way, similar to, similarly, both… and…, have …in common v不同点 §However, although, but, unlike, differ from, be different from, on the other hand, while, whereas 比较/对比类作文常用句型 As far as…is concerned…/ when it comes to the choice between… and…,/ whether to… or… is a problem we should give more thought to. v Some people maintain that … while others have opposing opinions. v While some people argu e for…, other people argue against…
Some people believe it’s beneficial to… while others think more disadvantages arise from v In the eyes of the first group of people… As to the second group of people… v In comparison…/by contrast v On (the) one hand, On the other hand v As far as I am concerned, I prefer to..
小学英语在线学习|小学英语写作方 法和技巧 【--考试祝福语】 作文在小学英语考试中占了很大的分值，那么究竟怎样做才能写好一篇小学作文呢?下面给大家介绍小学英语写作方法和技巧，欢迎阅读! 小学英语写作方法和技巧要写好英语作文，具体要做到以下几点： 注重英文阅读习惯的养成与坚持 坚持英语阅读的习惯，不仅可以保持对英语语感的敏感度，更重要的是它有助于培养英式思维，从而避免汉式思维句子的出现。 (1)平时多读，积累句型：读的越多，语感欲强烈，写作的时候自然而然就可以自如的运用灵活多变的句式来完整一篇小作文了，另外建议多积累名言警句、谚语等以作为高级句型运用与作文中。 (2)选出一些代表性范文精读：选出不同题材的优秀作文范文，读的时候注意文章的开头、结尾、层次结构以及所用
句型等。要有目的、用学习的心态来精读优秀范文，并做到学以致用。 注重平时的写作训练 英语写作训练可以以日记、话题或仿写的形式来进行。通过坚持一个学期的英语日记，保持英语写作的习惯。所以一定要坚持每周两到三次的写作训练，正所谓习惯成自然就是这个道理。 五步写出一篇好作文 什么才是好作文呢?很多同学误认为只要像学校平时测验那样子“句子结构正确，无单词拼写错误”就应该得满分。而小升初对作文的考核并非如此简单，同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么除了以上两个方面外，我们怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文而在小升初中获取高分呢?下面就来看我们的“高分作文五步法”。 (1)认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式 时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。 如ago，last…过去时;next，in…将来时等 人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。
Writing A Comparison / Contrast Paragraph AIMS: ordering material using the point-by-point method or the block method improving coherence by using transitional phrases common to comparison/contrast writing taking a step-by-step approach to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs studying model paragraphs to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs Comparison shows similarities between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations. Contrast points out the differences between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations. Two Basic Methods for Organizing Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs 1. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you can use the block method in which you tell all about A, then tell all about B. Thus you discuss A in a block and B in a block. 2. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you compare them point by point. Every time you say something about A, you also say something about B – right in the same sentence or in the sentence immediately following.
初中英语作文写作技巧 一、掌握常用过渡性词语 叙事文常用的句子间连接词 at first; at last; in the end…then / next/ after that… when / while/as soon as/not…until… at the same time; at times; once in a while; so that To one’s surprise/joy Luckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately…in a word/in all 议论文常用连接词 表示并列：either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not only…but also; 表示递进的：besides; what’s more; what’s worse; (moreover); 表示原因的：because; for…; because of…; thanks to…; (for the reason that…); 表示结果的：so; as a result; so…that…; therefore; 表示目的的：so that…; in order that…; (in order) to…; for…; 表示对比的：while; on the one hand + on the other hand; Each coin has two sides.; prefer…to…; would rather do…than do…; 表示转折的：however; but; 表示举例的：for example; for instance; such as…; like…; that is to say… 表示总结的：in all/short; in a word; in brief/ total; last but not least; last; 表示利弊的：be good/bad for sb.; be harmful to sb.; do harm to sb.; …have great/much influence on sb.; sth. benefit sb.; sb. benefit from sth. affect; have an effect on sb.; 表示喜爱的：love/like/enjoy…; be fond of…; be interested in…; show great interest in…; lose oneself in…; put one’s heart into…; be good at; be poor at; be weak in; 表达个人想法的： I think/believe…; (as) for me; in my opinion/view; as a student; from the bottom of my heart; personally; 其他： in general; generally speaking; to be short; to be honest; to tell the truth; as we know; make up one’s mind to do; in a way; 二、记住作文万能句式I will work hard to make my dream come true. I hope your dream will come true one day. It takes sb. +时间+to do… Sb. spend（某种人称时态）+时间/钱+on sth./ (in) doing sth. It’s important/necessary/useful/useless/common…(for sb.) to v… It’s nice/kind of sb. to v.. It’s time for sb. to do sth. It’s a waste of time to… It’s …years/days since sb. +ved It’s great fun to do=sb. have great fun doing It’s a pity that…It’s an honor to…
2020 中考冲刺 英语书面表达写作方法和技巧辅导 书面表达是中考中的主观题，分值为 15 分。培养写作技能，训练语言表达能力，要求学生能在所学 词汇、语法和句型的基础上造简单的句子，再到段落，最后到短文。书面表达是中考综合考查学生运用所 学英语知识进行语言表达的能力。 考查目标： （一）考查考生能力： 1.理解能力 2.思维能力 3.综合分析能力 4.运用语言知识的能力 5.用英语组词造句，连句成篇的能力 6.书写能力 （二）考查考生英语基础知识： 1. 词类及用法常识 2. 句法功能 3. 动词时态用法 4. 动词不定式及动名词的用法 5. 情态动词的用法 6. 形容词和副词的用法 7. 主谓一致 8. 被动语态 9. 从句的用法。 1 、认真审 题： 弄清楚该题目究竟要表达什么，明确写作要点、要求，选好人称、时态、文体。 2 、语言地 道： 尽量使用你初中读本中学过的句式、句型、常用的短语、习惯用法。表达要正确。 3 、避繁就 简： 理解脉络，抓住重点。确保使用有把握的词汇和句型，同时注意文章的连贯性。 4 、仔细检 查： 复核全文，注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致，单词是否有单复数的错误， 拼写的错误，字数是否达到要求等。 （一）写好词汇注意要点： 一、措辞要遵循习惯 语言是说话的习惯，交流的工具。写作时应该尽量使用常见的、熟悉的、符合语法习惯的词语，同时 注意口语和书面语的区别，使用真实的书面语表达方式，避免文章生硬、难懂。 二、选词要表达精准 词义指词所表达的含义。要用词贴切，准确的表达意思。尤其要注意辨析近义词在具体语境中的语法 区别，否则使用不当就会出错。 三、用词简明扼要 选词时我们要尽量根据自己的词汇量和能力，尽量使用自己有把握，同时又能准确表达文意的单词。 （二）写好句子注意要点： 1. 如何写好简单句？ 句型 1：S+V （主谓结构： S=主语； V= 谓语） The students listened carefully. He runs quickly. My parents work day and night. 句型 2：S+V+P （主系表结构： P=表语 ） The story sounds interesting. He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 句型 3：S+V+O （ 主谓宾结构： O=宾语）
考研英语ESSAY写作原则、困境及对策
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考研英语ESSＡＹ写作原则、困境及对策 (一）考生ESSAY写作的困境及其对策考生在考研写作时面临一些困境和问题，主要有以下几点： 一、滔滔不绝"意识流" 有一部分考生在考试时一见到作文题,便感到很对自己的胃口,觉得有很多内容要写。于是乎千言万语涌上心头,写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句尚未写完便接上了后一句，辛辛苦苦写了一大堆(甚至有写11个自然段的）犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷的老师头疼不己，无法继续往下看。原因就在于这种没有构思、未理提纲的作文章法太乱,语言质量差。无论是四、六级考试还是研究生入学考试,我国的作文试题都是规定式作文,这跟国外考试不一样。因此,写作时必须按给出的提纲或提示去写,任何过于放任自由的做法都是不可取的,更不要另有所图,滔滔不绝。这是进入实际操作前的一个基本认识问题,稍不留神就会出问题。 要控制这种"意识流＂的写法,必须严格按照三点提纲来写。假如第一段要求描述某个现象,务必不要先进行原因分析,否则到了第二段该分析原因的时候就没东西可写了。明智的做法是投其所好,该如何就如何,这一原则适用于所有的考试。另外,有的考生一方面有话则多,一发而不可收,控制不了自己;一方面无话则隐,该说的话没有说出来。我们不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落:一篇200词左右的作文一般不会超过１５句话,把这1５句话根据题目要求分配到各段中去, 每一段大模只说那么几句话，绝不多说。事实上往往是说得越多,错误越多。因此, 眼着提纲走，每一段不要写得太多，点到为止,见好就收,这才是最稳妥的对策。 二、无话可说真难受 无话可说是滔滔不绝的对立面。有的考生题目看得懂, 提纲也一目了然，就是不知道该说什么，在考场上头脑一片空白，想到的也只是空泛的东西。这是一种常见的现象。在这种情况下，即使是用中文也难以写好，更何况要用英文去表达。针对这一情况, 办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。比如说，要谈论电视节目这一话题, 可以联想到新闻联播，并由此想到它让人们开阔视野, 了解世界。但有人觉得话题太熟悉了,反而一时说不出什么来。其实，作文题一定是永恒的话题，在任何时候都可以讨论；或为当代话题, 让所有的人都有话可说。题目是公平的,绝对不会让某一专业的考生有特别的优势。所以,考生一定能联想起具体细小的事情, 再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的实质内容,这不失为一种很好的策略。例如,计算机的利与弊这个话题似乎太大,但是可能想到的具体的现象是小孩、学生要在计算机前玩计算机游戏。由此带来的思考是,这些学生整天呆在那里对他们的mind是有害的,并waste a１0t of tｉme。 因此,当头脑出现空白时,应该由具体细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所引发的思考形成观点, 再进行论述。这种定式思维的形成需要多下功夫多练习。从无话可说到有话可说,下面的例子让人不无启发。在种种场合下,经常要欢迎领导讲几句话。领导往往首先开口说：同志们大家好,我利用这个机会讲三句话。讲第一句话时,脑子里不知道第二句话是什么，讲第二句话时，根本就没想第三句话要说什么。但他最终说了三句话,以＂谢谢大家" 结束讲话。领导讲话＂１、2、3＂成了一种定式,他总能找到有关内容讲几点，这种功夫是长期磨练的结果。写作文也一样,平时需要多多练习这种思维。