当前位置：文档之家› The Color-Octet Contributions to $P$-wave $B_c$ Meson Hadroproduction

The Color-Octet Contributions to $P$-wave $B_c$ Meson Hadroproduction

a r X i v :h e p -p h /0502155v 2 13 M a r 2005

The Color-Octet Contributions to P -wave B c Meson

Hadroproduction

Chao-Hsi Chang 1,2?,Cong-Feng Qiao 1,4?,Jian-Xiong Wang 3?,Xing-Gang Wu 3§

CCAST (World Laboratory),P.O.Box 8730,Beijing 100080,China.

Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,

P.O.Box 2735,Beijing 100080,China.

Institute of High Energy Physics,P.O.Box 918(4),Beijing 100049,China

Department of Physics,Graduate School of the

Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

Abstract

The contributions from the color-octet components |(c ˉb )8(1S 0)g and |(c ˉb )8(3S 1)g to the h B c

or χJ B c (the P -wave B c meson)hadroproduction are estimated in terms of the complete O (α4s )

calculation.As necessary inputs in the estimate,we take the values of the octet matrix elements according to the NRQCD scaling rules,and as a result,we have found that the contributions to the P -wave production may be the same in order of magnitude as those from the color-singlet ones,|(c ˉb )1(1P 1) and |(c ˉb )1(3P J ) (J =1,2,3).Especially,our result indicates that the observation of the color-octet contributions to the P -wave production in the low transverse momentum region is not very far from the present experimental capability at Tevatron and LHC.

PACS numbers:12.38.Bx,13.85.Ni,14.40.Nd,14.40.Lb.

Keywords:inclusive hadroproduction,color-octet components,P -wave states.

I.INTRODUCTION

B c meson has been observed experimentally[1,2],and within theoretical uncertainties and experimental errors the observations are consistent with the theoretical predictions. In view of the prospects in B c physics at the Fermilab Tevatron II and LHC,B c physics is attracting more and more attentions.The hadronic production of the B c meson(its ground state mainly),has been studied quite well[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10].Especially,a generator BCVEGPY[9,10]for hadronic production of B c meson has been available,which can be easily complimented to the PYTHIA environment[11]and enhances the e?ciency to generate the full B c events greatly in comparison with using PYTHIA itself.

In the framework of e?ective theory of NRQCD[12,13],a heavy quarkonium is consid-ered as an expansion of various Fock states.The relative importance among those in?nite ingredients is evaluated by the velocity scaling rule.A similar idea can be applied to the

double heavy meson system too.That is,the physical state of B c,B?c,h B

c andχJ B

mesons

can be decomposed into a series of Fock states:

|B c =O(v0)|(cˉb)1(1S0) +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(1P1)g +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(3S1)g +···

|B?c =O(v0)|(cˉb)1(3S1) +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(3P J)g +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(3S1)g + (1)

and

|h B c =O(v0)|(cˉb)1(1P1) +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(1S0)g +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(3P J)g +···

|χJ B c =O(v0)|(cˉb)1(3P J) +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(3S1)g +O(v1)|(cˉb)8(1P1)g +···,(2) here v is the relative velocity.Note that throughout this paper we use the symbols h B

andχJ B

c to denote the four physical P-wave states(h B

denotes the P-wave state with

the dominant color-singlet state(cˉb)1(1P1),whileχJ B

denotes the P-wave states with the

dominant color-singlet states(cˉb)1(3P J)as described in Eq.(2))instead of B?cJ,L=1that is used in Ref.[14].Here the thickened subscripts of the(cˉb)denote for color indices,1for color singlet and8for color-octet;the relevant angular momentum quantum numbers are shown in the parentheses accordingly.According to the velocity scaling rule,the probability of each Fock state in the expansion is proportional to the scales in a de?nite power of v, squared the indicated one as the above.Generally,the leading Fock states of the B c and

states are|(cˉb)1(1S0) and|(cˉb)1(3S1) respectively,whose probability in respect of the

relative velocity are set to be the order of O(v0).Also for the production of the B c and B?c states,there is no problem at all,one can be sure that the contributions from leading Fock state(s)are dominant.

distance non-perturbative matrix elements can be directly connected with the?rst derivative of the wave functions at the origin,which can be computed via potential models[15]and/or potential NRQCD(pNRQCD)[16]and/or lattice QCD etc at the accuracy for the present purposes,whereas,there is no reliable way to o?er such accurate values for the color-octet non-perturbative matrix elements as those for color-singlet ones even for lattice QCD[13]. So far,we may only have rough values of these matrix elements relating to the components |(cˉb)8(1S0)g ,|(cˉb)8(3S1)g ···by means of the velocity power counting rule of the NRQCD e?ective theory[12].In order to make a reasonable estimate on the contributions from the color-octet components to the hadronic production so as to see if the color-octet components are visible experimentally or not,we take a similar way as done in Ref.[17],i.e.the color-octet matrix elements are taken to be smaller by certain order in v2than those obtained by relating them to the color-singlet S-wave wavefunctions at the origin|ψ(0)|2.Whereas,the ?rst derivative of the wavefunctions(P-wave)at the origin for the color-singlet components with proper factor of m(the reduce mass of the bound state),i.e.ψ′(0)

S-wave production case)[14,19].For theα4

complete estimation,to be complete and to see the characteristics,we compute the contributions from the color-octet components to the P-wave B c-meson production precisely in the paper.

The paper is organized as follows:In Section II we will present the basic formulae for the lowest order(α4s)which are used in the complete calculation of the contributions to the P-wave hadroproduction from the color octet components|(cˉb)8(1S0)g and|(cˉb)8(3S1)g . In Section III,we will explain the options about the input parameters,which are necessary for the calculations and will present the numerical results properly.In the last section,a brief summary and some discussions will be given.

II.FORMULATION AND TECHNIQUE

In hadron-hadron collisions at high energy,the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism is the dominant one over the others.Hence,to study the hadronic production of the P-wave B c mesons,as argued in the preceding section,we need to consider two types of processes,i.e., gg→(cˉb)1+b+ˉc where(cˉb)1is in color-singlet1P1and3P J states;and gg→(cˉb)8+b+ˉc where(cˉb)8is in color-octet1S0and3S1states.In Ref.[14],the color-singlet contributions

to the hadronic production of h B

c andχJ B

have been computed,and the useful formulas

and techniques have been explained there.For simplicity,we will not repeat it here.In the present work,our main concern is to complete the calculations on the hadronic production of the P-wave B c physical states,especially to pay attention to the contributions from the color-octets|(cˉb)8(1S0)g and|(cˉb)8(3S1)g .

The amplitude for the gg→(cˉb)8+b+ˉc can be analytically obtained by applying the helicity method[9],and(cˉb)8will be‘hadronized’to the state|(cˉb)8(1S0)g or|(cˉb)8(3S1)g ?nally.The details of the helicity technique can be found in Ref.[9]and references therein. The di?erence of the present calculations is only in the color con?guration from those for the leading order B c(B?c)meson hadronic production.

In the case of the hadronic production gg→(cˉb)1+b+ˉc where(cˉb)1is in color-singlet, |(cˉb)1(1S0) or|(cˉb)1(3S1) ,there are only three independent color factors(i.e.three inde-

pendent color?ows[14,20]).While for the case of the hadronic production of the color-octet states,gg→(cˉb)8+b+ˉc where(cˉb)8is in color-octet and will be hadronized to|(cˉb)8(1S0)g or|(cˉb)8(3S1)g ?nally,there are totally ten independent color factors,C kij(k=1,2,···,10),

where i,j=1,2,3are color indices of the quarksˉc and b respectively.They are

C1ij=1

2N c

T b T a T d ij,C2ij=1

2N c

T a T b T d ij,

C3ij=1

T r T a T d T b ij,C4ij=12T r T b T d T a ij,

C5ij=1

T r T b T a T d δij,C6ij=12T r T a T b T d δij,

C7ij=1

2N c

T d T b T a ij,C8ij=1

2N c

T d T a T b ij,

C9ij=1

2N c

T a T d T b ij,C10ij=1

2N c

T b T d T a ij,(3)

where the indices a and b are color indices for gluon-1and gluon-2respectively,and

√

TABLE I:The square of the ten independent color factors(including the cross terms),(C mij×C?nij) with m,n=1,2,···,10respectively.

C?1ij C?3ij C?5ij C?7ij C?9ij

818191818916216216281

818118991816216281162

918

10?1444

C4ij?1414091899

1890

7?17?1

C6ij?170?12918918

162162189189818116281

162162918918818181162

16281991891628181162

81162999188116216281

subprocess is made;Q2is the‘characteristic energy scale of the subprocess squared’;andμ2F is the‘energy scale squared’where the factorization of the PDFs and the hard subprocess is https://www.doczj.com/doc/c514373255.html,ually,in the LO calculation,to avoid the large logarithms the scales of typical scale of hard interaction,factorization and‘renormalization’are set to be the same,i.e.μ2=μ2F=Q2.

III.NUMERICAL RESULTS

For convenience and as a reference,in the numerical calculation we take the values of the radial wave function at the origin and the?rst derivative of the radial wave function at the origin as those given by Refs.[15,21],i.e.,|R(0)|2=1.54GeV3and|R′(0)|2=0.201GeV5 (namely the two values roughly mean v2～0.1,if the reduced mass m～1.2GeV),which

relate to the non-perturbative matrix elements of the color singlet production de?nitely. Whereas there is no reliable way to compute the production color-octet matrix elements 0|χ?b T dψc(a?H a H)ψ?c T dχb|0 and 0|χ?bσi T dψc(a?H a H)ψ?cσi T dχb|0 .Although we do not know the exact values of the above two octet matrix elements,according to NRQCD scale rule we

know that they are at the same order of the P-wave color-singlet matrix elements,which are one order in v2higher than the S-wave color-singlet matrix elements accordingly.Moreover according to the heavy-quark spin symmetry[12],the values of the above two production matrix elements have the approximate relation:

0|χ?bσi T dψc(a?H a H)ψ?cσi T dχb|0 =(2J+1)· 0|χ?b T dψc(a?H a H)ψ?c T dχb|0 [1+O(v2)],(6) where J is the total angular momentum of the hadron state.In our numerical calculations, as done in Ref.[17],the values of the color-octet matrix elements are set to be smaller by certain order v2than those obtained by relating to the S-wave wave functions at the origin |ψ(0)|2for the color singlet.More speci?cally,based on the velocity scale rule,we can

estimate

0|χ?b T dψc(a?H a H)ψ?c T dχb|0 ??S(v)2· 0|χ?bψc(a?H a H)ψ?cχb|0

??S(v)2· 0|χ?bψc|B c(1S0) 2. 1+O(v4) ,(7) where the second equation comes from the vacuum-saturation approximation.?S(v)is of the order v2or so,and we take it to be within the region of0.10to0.30,which is in consistent with the identi?cation:?S(v)～αs(Mv)and has covered the possible variation due to the di?erent ways to obtain the wave functions at the origin(S-wave)and the?rst derivative of the wave functions at the origin(P-wave)etc.

As argued in Ref.[14],the equations:P=q c1+q b2,q2c1=m2c,q2b2=m2b and P2=M2 must be satis?ed simultaneously,and furthermore,only when these equations are satis?ed can the gauge invariance of the amplitude be guaranteed.Hence,in this paper we proceed the numerical calculation by making the choice:the masses of c and b quarks are m c=1.50GeV and m b=4.90GeV,respectively;the mass of the bound states|(cˉb)1(1P1) ,|(cˉb)1(3P J) , |(cˉb)8(1S0)g and|(cˉb)8(3S1)g are therefore to be M=6.40GeV,the sum of the two heavy quark masses.

There are a couple of uncertainty sources in the theoretical estimates on the B c meson hadronic production,such as those from the strong coupling constant,theαs;from the PDFs of di?erent sets of?ttings etc..In the present calculations,the factorization energy scale is set to be the transverse mass squared of the(cˉb)bound states,i.e.,Q2=M2t≡(M2+p2t) where p t is the transverse momentum of the bound state;the PDF of version CTEQ6L[24]

=0.326GeV are adopted.

and the leading orderαs running aboveΛ(n f=4)

QCD

TABLE II:Total cross-section(in unit of nb)for the hadronic production of the(cˉb)meson at LHC(14.0TeV)and TEVATRON(1.96TeV),where for short the|(1S0)1 denotes(cˉb)state in color-singlet(1S0)con?guration,and so forth.Here m b=4.90GeV,m c=1.50GeV and M=6.40 GeV.For the color-octet matrix elements,we take?S(v)∈(0.10,0.30).

|(3S1)1 |(1S0)8g |(3P0)1 |(3P2)1 LHC71.1(1.58,14.2)9.127.38

TEVATRON 5.50(0.129,1.16)0.6550.560

FIG.1:Distributions in p t and y of the hadronic production of(cˉb)meson at LHC.The dashed line, solid line,dash-dot line,dotted line represent the color-singlet1P1,3P0,3P1,and3P2,respectively. The lower and upper shaded bands stand for the color-octet1S0and3S1states respectively,whose upper limit corresponds to?S(v)=0.3and lower limit corresponds to?S(v)=0.1.

In TABLE.II,we show the total cross-sections for hadronic production of the(cˉb)meson at LHC and TEVATRON respectively,where the(cˉb)may mean in|(cˉb)1(1P1) ,|(cˉb)1(3P J) , |(cˉb)8(1S0)g and|(cˉb)8(3S1)g con?gurations respectively,and the results of the|(cˉb)1(1S0)

(the dominant component for B c)and|(cˉb)1(3S1) (the dominant component for B?c)pro-duction are included for comparison.In the table,we take?S(v)∈(0.10,0.30).One may observe that the cross-sections of the color-octet S-wave states are comparable to those of the color-singlet P-wave states,and they are in the same order in v2expansion as expected by NRQCD.

FIG.2:Distributions in p t and y of the hadronic production of(cˉb)meson at TEVATRON. The dashed line,solid line,dash-dot line,and dotted line represent the color-singlet1P1,3P0, 3P1and3P2,respectively.The lower and upper shaded bands stand for color-octet1S0and3S1 states respectively,whose upper limit corresponds to?S(v)=0.3and lower limit corresponds to ?S(v)=0.1.

To see this point more clearly,we calculate the distributions of the corresponding bound states on the transverse momentum p t and the rapidity y respectively,and plot the results in Figs.(1,2).From the?gures Figs.(1,2),one may observe that the contributions to the total cross section from the color-octet component are in comparable with those from the color-singlet component in the P-wave B c meson hadronic production.However,in the p t distribution the color-octet contributions drop more rapidly than those from the color-singlet parts,which exhibits more clearly through looking at the ratio,R(p tcut)=σoctet

TABLE III:The correlation of R(p tcut)=σoctet

-p tcut=0GeV p tcut=20GeV p tcut=50GeV LHC0.220.0950.043

0.200.060

FIG.3:p t distributions of various contributions in h B

c andχJ B

production,with several di?erent

cuts in rapidity(y cut)at LHC(left)and at TEVATRON(right)energies.Dashed line(next to top) with y cut=2.0;dash-dot line(middle)with y cut=1.5;dotted line(next bottom)with y cut=1.0; diamond line(bottom)with y cut=0.5and solid line(top)without y cut.The color-octet matrix elements are set at?2S(v)=0.05.

production and the color-singlet production of S-wave(B c and B?c)and P-wave(h B

and

χJ

B c

)respectively.Explicitly,we take?2S(v)=0.05for the color-octet matrix elements in the investigation.Considering the abilities on measuring p t and y rapidity of B c for CDF, D0,BTeV at TEVATRON and for ATLAS,CMS,and LHC-B at the LHC,we compute the p t distributions with the rapidity cuts y cut=1.5,and the y distributions with the transverse momentum cut p tcut=5GeV accordingly.The results with four rapidity cuts, y cut=(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0),are put together in Fig.(3)and the results with four transverse momentum cuts,p tcut=5,20,35,50GeV,are put in Fig.(4).

FIG.4:y distributions of all the considered contributions,i.e.,from both color-octet S-wave states and color-singlet P-wave states,with various transverse momentum cuts(y cut)at LHC(left)and at TEVATRON(right)energies.Here,the Diamond line represents what with p tcut=5GeV; dash-dot line with p tcut=20GeV;dotted line with p tcut=35GeV;dashed line with p tcut=50 GeV,and the solid line with p tcut=0.Of the color-octet matrix elements,we take?2S(v)=0.05.

IV.DISCUSSIONS AND SUMMARY

In the paper,according to the NRQCD expectation about the importance for the compo-nents,we have precisely investigated the contributions of the S-wave color-octet components to the hadronic production of the P-wave B c states.Our?nal results show that contribu-tions from the color-octet ones are comparable to those from the color-singlet ones in the production of the P-wave B c excited states if the scale rule of NRQCD works well and the value of the relative velocity squared v2is really in the possible region0.1～0.3,as indicated by potential models for the(cˉb)binding system for instance.Therefore,to make a soundly prediction to the hadronic production of the P-wave(cˉb)meson at leading order in v2,one needs to take both contributions from the color-octet S-wave Fock states and those from the color-singlet P-wave Fock states into account.With?2S(v)=0.05and p tcut=0.0GeV, the total contributions from the color-octet S-wave Fock states to the total production cross section is about～22%from the color-singlet P-wave states at LHC and about～25%at TEVATRON respectively,and such contributions decrease with the increment in p tcut,e.g. at p tcut=50GeV,it reduces to～4%at both energies of LHC and TEVATRON.This character may used for people to distinguish the color-singlet contributions from those from

color-octet ones in future when there are enough h B

c andχJ B

data.

Note that for shortening the paper and not changing the main feature,here we have not

taken the possible mixing between h B

c andχJ=1

B c

into account at all.According to NRQCD

scale rule,except the components|(cˉb)8(1S0)g )and|(cˉb)8(3S1)g ),there is no enhancement factor,such as that comes from the wave function at the origin for the S-wave components virus the derivative of the wave function at the origin for the leading P-wave color-singlet ones,so we consider the contributions from the other high order Fock components in Eq.(2) small,and ignore them at all.

In summary,the total cross-section of the h B

c andχJ B

production,including both singlet

and octet contributions,at the lowest order inαs and v2expansions,may be so bigger than a half of the direct production rate of the ground state B c(1S0)(see TABLE.II,roughly speaking:～0.8for LHC and～0.7for TEVATRON).Considering the fact that almost all of the low-laying excited states decay to the ground state B c,it also means that the full low-laying P-wave state production‘promptly’contributes the B c(1S0)production by a bigger factor than0.5of the direct one.Especially,if?2S(v)～0.05,the contributions from color-octet components themselves may contribute promptly a factor～0.1of the direct hadronic production of B c meson.Furthermore,our complete calculations also indicate that the observation of the P-wave B c states is not very far from the present experimental capability in principle.

Acknowledgements:We are grateful to G.T.Bodwin for drawing our attention to the research topic of the paper.This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).

[1]CDF Collaboration,F.Abe et al.,Phys.Rev.D58,112004(1998).

[2]D0Collaboration,B c and heavy baryon properties at D0and CDF,presented by S.Towers in

ICHEP’04,Aug.16-22,2004,Beijing.

[3]N.Brambilla etal.,hep-ph/0412158and references therein.

[4]Chao-Hsi Chang and Yu-Qi Chen,Phys.Rev.D48,4086(1993).

[5]Chao-Hsi Chang,Yu-Qi Chen,Guo-Ping Han and Hung-Tao Jiang,Phys.Lett.B364,78

(1995);Chao-Hsi Chang,Yu-Qi Chen and R.J.Oakes,Phys.Rev.D54,4344(1996);K.

Kolodziej,A.Leike and R.R¨u ckl,Phys.Lett.B355,337(1995).

[6] E.Braaten,K.Cheung and T.C.Yuan,Phys.Rev.D48,4230(1993);E.Braaten,K.Cheung

and T.C.Yuan,Phys.Rev.D48,5049(1993).

[7] A.V.Berezhnoy,V.V.Kiselev,A.K.Likhoded,Z.Phys.A356,79(1996);S.P.Baranov,Phys.

Rev.D563046,(1997).

[8]K.Cheung,Phys.Lett.B472,408(2000).

[9]Chao-Hsi Chang,Cha?k Driouich,Paula Eerola and Xing-Gang Wu,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c514373255.html,mun.

159,192(2004).

[10]Chao-Hsi Chang,Jian-Xiong Wang and Xing-Gang Wu,in preparation.

[11]T.Sjostrand,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c514373255.html,mun.82,74(1994).

[12]Geo?rey T.Bodwin,Eric Braaten and G.Peter Lepage,Phys.Rev.D51,1125(1995);

Erratum Phys.Rev.D55,5853(1997).

[13]N.Brambilla et al.,HEAVY QUARKONIUM PHYSICS,hep-ph/0412158,and references

therein.

[14]Chao-Hsi Chang,Jian-Xong Wang and Xing-Gang Wu,Phys.Rev.D70,114019(2004).

[15] E.Eichen and C.Quigg,Phys.Rev.D49,5845(1994);Y.Q.Chen and Y.P.Kuang,Phys.Rev.

D46,1165(1992).

[16]N.Brambilla, A.Pineda,J.Soto and A.Vairo,Nucl.Phys.B566,275(2000);ibid

hep-ph/0410047;references therein.

[17]Xing-Gang Wu,Chao-Hsi Chang,Yu-Qi Chen and Zheng-Yun Fang,Phys.Rev.D67,094001,

(2003).

[18]K.M Cheung and T.C.Yuan,hep-ph/9409353;Phys.Rev.D53,1232(1996);Phys.Rev.D53,

1232(1996);T.C.Yuan,Phys.Rev.D50,5664(1994).

[19] A.V.Berezhnoy,V.V.Kiselev and A.K.Likhoded,Phys.Atom.Nucl.60,100(1997);Yad.Fiz.

60,108(1997);A.V.Berezhnoy,V.V.Kiselev and A.K.Likhoded,Z.Phys.A356,79(1996);

A.V.Berezhnoi,V.V.Kiselev,A.K.Likhoded and A.I.Onishchenko,Phys.Atom.Nucl.60,

1729(1997).

[20] A.V.Berezhnoy,hep-ph/0407315.

[21]Chao-Hsi Chang,Yu-Qi Chen,Phys.Rev.D49,3399(1994);Chao-Hsi Chang and Yu-Qi

Chen,Commun.Theor.Phys.23(1995)451.

[22]T.C.Yuan,Phys.Rev.D50,5664(1994).

[23]Chao-Hsi Chang and Xing-Gang Wu,Eur.Phys.J.C38,267(2004);hep-ph/0309121.

[24]J.Pumplin,D.R.Stump,J.Huston,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c514373255.html,i,P.Nadolsky and W.K.Tung,JHEP0207,

012(2002).

公文文体翻译的特点

一、公文的文体特点及翻译（一）公文的文体特点公文主要包括政府发布的各种公告、宣言、声明、规章法令、通告、启示和各类法律文件。其文体特点主要体现在以下几方面： 1）措词准确。发布公文的目的一般在于解释或阐明公文发布者的立场、观点或政策、措施，因此公文在措词上必须准确明晰，切忌模棱两可或含糊晦涩。 2）用词正式，且多古体词。公文作为政府或职能部门所发布的文章，需具有其权威性、规范性。因此在用词上一般较为正式，并且不排除使用一些较为古雅的词（如hereinafter, hereof, herewith等等）。 3）普通词多有特定意义。许多普通的词在公文体中常常具有其特定的意义。如allowance一词通常指"允许"、"津贴"，而在经贸合同中则多指"折扣"。 4）长句、复杂句较多。公文体为使其逻辑严谨，表意准确，在句法上常常叠床架屋，以至使得句式有时显得臃肿迟滞，同时句子的长度也大为增加。（二）公文的翻译翻译公文首先要注意公文特有的形式，包括格式、体例等。对已模式化、程式化的格式译者决不应随便更改。其次，译者应透彻理解原文，特别是要正确把握原文词义，认清一些common words在公文中特有的含义。再次，在措词上必须使译文的语体与原文相适应。一般说来，英语公文翻译通常应使用正式书面语体，并酌情使用某些文言连词或虚词。最后，公文翻译中要注意长句的处理。要在理清句意和各部分之间逻辑关系的前提下恰当使用切分法或语序调整法，以使译文通畅、自然、地道。二、商贸函电的文体特点及翻译（一）商贸函电的文体特点商贸函电指经济贸易活动中的各类信函、电报、电传等。其文体特征主要有： 1）措词简洁明了。为使表达明晰，商贸函电在措词上力求简明扼要，不太讲究修饰。 2）用语正式庄重。正式庄重的语言常常显得诚恳、自然、有礼貌，因此常用于商贸函电中。

法律翻译中的“重神似”

法律翻译中的“重神似” 作者：傅伟良摘要：本文就中文法律行文简洁、明了、言简意赅的特点，探讨中译英时应遵循“重神似不重形似”原则的重要性，用实例印证，指出对中文法律用语深层次的理解是做好法律翻译、保证译入语准确的关键。关键词：重神似；法律翻译；译入语 Abstract: On the basis of an analytical observation of a series of sample translations, this article discusses how the principle of “seeking agreement in essence, not in form”is to be applied to the translation of legal documents from Chinese into English. This principle originates in the linguistic characteristics of Chinese legal documents; and guarantees the fidelity of translation and the acceptance of target texts. Key words: principle, legal documents, target texts 随着我国改革开放的进一步深化和世贸组织的加入，以及全球经济一体化进程的加快，全球范围内的各领域的国际交往，如政治、经济、科技、学术等领域的国际合作日趋频繁。而确定上述各种合作的法律形式，如合同、协议、公告、宣言、条约及各种国际法规等法律文件的翻译，势必成为国际间交往、合作的重要环节。从文体学来讲法律文件是属于公文文体。与其它文体翻译，如文学翻译，新闻翻译一样，做好法律文件的翻译最重要的一点是要遵循翻译的基本原则，在翻译理论的指导下进行翻译实践。我们在探讨研究法律文件的翻译时，应研究我国翻译界前辈创立的翻译理论。我们的前辈创立了一整套的翻译理论：从严复的“信、达、雅”，林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美”，到傅雷的“重神似不重形似”和钱钟书的“化”境，都强调了做好两种语言转换应遵守的重要原则，是我们进行法律文件翻译时要牢记的。由于中文法律行文简洁、明了，言简意赅，在翻译时更要强调“重神似不重形似”。翻译的关键在于理解，读懂原文，理解句子中用词的深层含义，然后如何做好进行语言的转换，做好从原语转换到译入语，法律文件翻译是法律语言的转换，要做到译入语准确无误地表达原语的真正含义，无论在用词上及句子结构上都必须做到的“信”、“忠实”。为了体现法律文件的权威性，保证译入语不走样，只有对原语中的字面含义进行语内译，把深层的含义译出，才能进入“重神似不重形似”的境界。做好法律文件的中译英，对中文的法律用词的理解是关键，不从深层次上去理解，必然会导致译文的不准确，或意思不完整，这就是“重神似”在翻译过程中的具体体现。在对原文用词的深层含义的理解基础上，选择正确的法律语言词汇。我们的准则是：重理解原语，正确选好译入语。 1 ．关于“国家有关规定”的译法：进行法律文件的中译英时，我们常常遇到这样的词语：“应当符合国家有关规定”、“依照国家有关税收的规定”、“依照国家外汇管理规定”等等中“国家有关规定”，如按字面“形”的含义译出，译成“the relevant state provisions ”或“ the relevant provisions of the state ”显然不正确，没有把深层含义译出。按照牛津高阶英汉双解词典的定义， provision 〔 C 〕意为 condition or stipulation in a legal document ，比如：“根据协议的规定”可译成：“under the provisions of the agreement ”。上面“国家有关规定”译成“ the relevant state provisions ”，把国家与法律