人事部二级口译试题整理
前两篇英译汉，
第一篇：中美关系。
中国在美国华盛顿已成为热点话题hot topic。中国的货币currency，出口，石油利益oil interests和其他方面实力是美国国会谈论的问题。我们应该面对这一重要，真实的问题，不能孤立的看它，要在更大，更复杂的中美关系中来看，应该运用更明智wise，更长远的思维方式来思考这些问题。
竞争和合作两者对中美双方在21世纪都是很重要的，如果我们不很好的处理，双方关系有可能敌对化。美国应该抓住机遇合作，猜疑mistrust只会更加威胁我们两国的关系。美国不应该仇视和限制中国（应该是这个意思，说了两个没听过的形容词，反正就是说不要让美国对中国不好）。
中国崛起rise已成事实，美国的国会立法和美国阻挠是不可能改变这一事实的。中国是联合国安理会的常任理事国，人口最多。以某种程度衡量，其是世界第二大经济体。同时，其13亿人口中还有许多生活在贫困线以下。这些问题对未来发展都构成了很大的威胁。
美中友好关系对两国来说都是互利共赢的。中国是美国第三大贸易伙伴。中美在地区安全，反恐，解决阿富汗问题和北朝鲜核问题上扮演着重要角色。
但是我们的合作也有困难，经济摩擦时有发生，2004年中国对美国的出口是其从美国进口产品和服务量大6倍。公开的指责和人文的干涉都不能解决这些问题，还可能使我们的分歧扩大，使得问题更加复杂，难以解决。
中国为了满足入世后的要求标准，已作出一些基础性改革。但中国还需要进行更多的改革，对美国企业开放其市场，推动经济改革，进行开发和持续的consistent改革，放宽发证licensing（应该翻成许可），推进外企的分配distribution(不知道什么意思），推进知识产权保护法的推行。
中国做出的决定是向前迈进的一大步，对其人民币汇率的全面可兑换full convertibility又是一个推进。美国和国际社会应该为中国提供帮助，推进其金融体制改革，以市场为基础的汇率机制。除了经济方面的政策，美国和中国还应在其他重要事务方面加强合作。美国和其盟国应开展活动监督（记不清了）中国的崛起，例如，不要让此次中国崛起成为再一次的仇视日本（anti-Japanese).
美国对中国崛起做出的反应也是至关重要的。美国应团结本地区的盟友和朋友，想东盟和其他伙伴，能够在亚洲和太平洋地区发挥更稳定的作用（more stablizing role)。
美国应采取更加积极的措施，应对世界竞争。贸易壁垒和美国视为其核心的自由贸易对其长期利益是没有好处的（感觉不对）。应加强其国内储蓄，基础设施建设，加强教育，对移民的管理。这样才能保住美国在世界范围内的重要地位，无论中国或其他国家怎样崛起。
第二篇：演讲，大学创新对大学和社会的意义。
首先我非常荣幸今天能够为大家演讲。中国正在发生着让人吃惊的breathtaking巨变，在创新和教育方面也取得了很多成就。第二Then，在许多方面都具有多样性，从东到西，从城镇到乡村，从老的地方到新的地方（我当时就是这么翻的），这些多样性给大学创新创造了条件。今天我的演讲不会包含这么大的范围，但我将留给你们一个印象，就是在更小的范围内，其也是很重要的。
大学在社会中扮演着很多角色，包括教育者，创新者和知识的传播者。而且大学对于经济的增长也是有很重要的作
用。这已经不是个什么新的理念了，（后面讲的是监督角色，看不懂笔记了，什么政府的机构利益还是......）
我们大学的价值要在社会，经济和非经济方面terms发挥更大的作用，要符合理念机制，促进社会创新（这段笔记有些乱，当时翻的时候还行，大多数是脑记的，现在都看不出来了）。
首先，我将先定义什么是创新，下面就是其定义as follows，它是将知识以一种新的方式运用到真实世界中解决实际问题，创新不等于知识，知识可以是以前就创造的，而将其运用在与以前不同的方面就是一种新的创新。
第二，大学在创新中的角色，我就下面三方面重点谈谈。1，其多样性；2，为什么大学在创新中有如此重要的作用。3，大学为什么要保护其独立性，保持其学术价值观，来最大化其对社会的贡献。
后两篇汉译英
第一篇：关于亚洲与中国的关系，主要讲了现在亚洲面临历史性的机遇，和平和发展是当今时代主题，我们要通过合作创造和平稳定发展合作的新局面。在经济全球化的大背景下，我们要推动亚洲更多的经济发展，推进产业优化industrial perfection，提高科技水平，从而推动经济总体增长。
随着区域一体化regional singalizaion的推进，亚洲国家的依赖程度和互信加深，合作更多，加强了我们抵御危机prevention of crisis的能力，并且我们要加紧建立区域网络。这些都为我们打下坚实的基础，创造力良好的环境来创造和平稳定发展和合作的未来。
同时，我们亚洲地区也面临着前所未有的困难和挑战，历史遗留问题和现实冲突给各国互信造成不良影响。地区突出问题，恐怖主义威胁，传统及非传统威胁都是我们面临的问题。环境恶化，人口剧增和贫富差距拉大都加剧这些问题。亚洲国家要齐心协力创造共同繁荣和稳定的局面。
面对机遇和挑战，亚洲各国应抓住这历史性的机遇，展开合作，实现共赢。不仅仅是政治上的合作，还有经济上的利益。创造和谐的亚洲。改革开放20多年来，中国经济发展取得了丰硕成果。生产力和综合国力有了历史性跨越。2004年，我国国内生产总值达到1.65万亿美元，进出口总值达1.15万亿美元，外汇储备达6千亿美元。中国已初步形成社会主义市场经济体制。人均生产总值超过1000美元。基本达到小康水平。但是我们还应该看到中国底子薄，基础差has a thin basis and poor foundation。这一工作是任重而道远的，需要我们长期不懈的的努力。
第二篇：关于人类健康
健康是人类永远追求的目标，回顾历史，人类（笔记上记得是中国，但脑记是人类，按脑记翻的）通过战胜疾病和灾难拓展了生存空间创造了文明。当前，世界正经历着经济增长和科学技术快速发展，人类健康水平大幅度提高。比起几十年前，甚至100年前，现在人的寿命，身体健康状况和生活的快乐程度都更好。
历史告诉我们，卫生事业的建设the construction of the sanitation and health cause在社会进步和经济发展中扮演着不可替代的作用（我翻的unchangeable role, indispensable更好），过去几年中各国政府和人民作出巨大努力，为世界卫生事业的进步做出了贡献。但是我们应该看到还有很多严重的因素影响着人们的健康，以前的问题还没有得到解决，同时，新的问题又在出现。（这里逻辑出现问题，没有看懂自己笔记，把“同时”翻错了地方，有一定误导作用）。
在世界范围内，传统型传染病traditional contagious diseases和慢性非传染病chronic non-contagious diseases还没有彻底控制，艾滋病HIV/AIDS这种新型传染病又出现，并蔓延。发达国家与发展中国家在卫生事业发展上的差距在不断扩大，疾病和（没听到）也是发展中国家贫困的一大重要原因。各国应在卫生事业发展和国际社会合作方面多下工夫。
面对艾滋病的蔓延，我们卫生工作者更全面深刻的认识到，卫生事业的完善不仅仅是疾病方面的服务和保护人类健康，其对社会稳定和经济发展也是有益处的。而且其是国家经济和社会发展中的一个重要部分。
综合部分语速也明显比三级快，而且其中一个男的播音员有很浓的英国不知道哪个地方的口音，很模糊，每个音都发的不圆，给我造成了不小的困难。
综述说的是喝酒的好处，难度适中，不过语速也是相当的快，基本把握了重点，把自己认为是重点的都写上了。
2008年10月英语二级口译证书考试真题及参考译文试题 The Certificate of English Interpretation: Level ⅡNow please listen to the instructions about this exam. I'll give you a brief introduction before each part of the exam begins and leave you enough time to do the interpreting. Each part is divided into a number of segments and at the start of each segment you will hear this tone [TONE]. At each pause where you are expected to start interpreting, you'll also hear this tone [TONE]. You'llhear each segment only once. Let's start with Part 1. Part 1 Consecutive Interpretation: English to Chinese In this part you will hear a speech delivered in English by Princess Cristina to the Second WorldAssembly on Ageing. Please interpret this speech into Chinese. Let's begin. [TONE] Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my pleasure to address you as a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador to this Second WorldAssembly on Ageing, an honour which I truly welcome, and one which has provided me with an excellentopportunity to promote awareness of ageing. I congratulate the Secretary-General of the United Nations, thechairmen and the executive heads of the organizations of the United Nations system on their excellent work,the Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the Preparatory Committee on their dedication, and the many individualswho have helped to make this Second World Assembly possible. [TONE]∥[TONE] We are honoured to be hosting this world event in Spain. Our interest stems from our realization thatthe ageing of the population presents a challenge for which we must prepare ourselves and that we must beready to take advantage of the abilities of older persons. Therefore, in offering to be the host country, Spainwished to demonstrate its interest in policies for the integration of older persons and to give impetus to aninnovative debate in our society. [TONE]∥[TONE] We are living through a period of major demographic change. The elderly are ever more numerous.That people are living longer and under better conditions, as a result of social progress, is one of humanity'sgreatest achievements. Older persons are a universal force with the potential to transform the future. Thisglobal transformation is going to affect individuals, families, communities and virtually every area of society.[TONE]∥[TONE] Accordingly, we must prepare ourselves for this new challenge by promoting changes in attitude towardsthis demographic revolution, which is taking place because of the increase in the number of older personsin the world. Achieving a society for all ages involves analysing society from a broader perspective andhighlights the role played by relations between the various generations making up society. Solidarity betweenthe generations in all areas of family, community and national life is essential for social cohesion. [TO NE]∥[TONE] We younger people must be increasingly aware that, in order to move forward in building a more just society, we must recognize the advances made by older generations and value their experience and currentabilities appropriately. At the same time, we must be able to transmit such values to coming generations.Inter-generational solidarity is a natural setting within which encounter, learning and exchange take placeamong individuals. It offers
翻译二级口译实务-10 (总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：50.00) 1. {{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary elements for China's sustained growth and global competitiveness. There is no one good definition of what industrial automation is. Perhaps the best definition is a simple one: industrial automation is the use of electronics to control and monitor a process or machinery. While there are many steps that China must take to ensure the appropriate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. Increases in productivity and efficiency are not possible without a high level of industrial automation. If we were to look at the growth in productivity of U.S. industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, two pivotal factors stand out. The first is a revolution in management techniques and consequent restructuring of the American corporation. Management became results-focused, flatter and more distributed, with great participation by the work force. The second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industrial automation into manufacturing and other automated processes. Together these two elements led to significant increases in productivity and efficiency. These increases led the way to sustained growth in the U.S. economy, so that by the late 1980s and the early 1990s the U.S. economy was growing faster than that of Japan for the first time in several decades. China, which is now at its own critical industrial and management systems crossroads, can borrow from some of these experiences. China has an unparalleled opportunity to adopt advanced industrial automation as this technology moves into the new millennium and into the information era. The future of industrial automation will be a networked future with a great reliance on wireless connectivity. Utilization of effective and open networks such as DeviceNet, ControlNet and Ethernet/IP, with their ability to connect to the Internet, allows for continuous control and feedback from the factory floor to the management office and beyond. The factory floor and the management office can be linked continuously and in real time with suppliers, sales force and customers. Every part of this chain will be able to monitor, input to and adjust the manufacturing process and supporting activities. The future of industrial automation will also very much be linked to software that is an open platform and is multifunctional. The right software package provides tremendous flexibility and agility in the manufacturing process. Industrial software provides the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to the Internet to provide seamless flow of data and information so that the "Information Enabled Enterprise" can be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner.（分数：25.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：中国目前正处在一个发展的阶段。在这个阶段中，先进的管理知识和技术以及先进的工业自动化技术和解决方案是十分必要的，对中国的持续发展和在全球的竞争中起着根本的作用。目前工业自动化还没有一个最佳的定义。也许最好的其实是一个很简单的定义：工业自动化就是使用电子技术来监控生产流程或机械设备。为了确保工业基础和配套设施的有序发展，中国需要采取很多措施，而其中利用先进的工业自动化是至关重要的。没有高水平的工业自动化，提高生产力和效率都是不可能的。如果我们看一看美国工业生产力从80年代中期到90年代中期的发展情况，就会发现两个重要的因素。首先是管理技术方面的革命和随之而来的对美国公司的重组改造。改革后的管理更注重效果，管理层面减少，权利下放，企业职工参与性更高。第二个因素是将先进的工业自动化引入了制造业和其它自动化流程。这两个因素共同作用
2003年12月英语二级口译综合能力试题 试题部分： Test for Interpreters of Level 2 English Language Skills Transcripts for the Recorded Passages Part I Listen to the short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements below are true or false. After hearing a short passage, blacken the circle of “True” on the answer sheet below if you think the statement is true, or blacken the circle for “False” if it is false. There are ten questions in this part of the test, twp points for each question. 1. In a series of radio broadcasts, Arnold Schwargenegger, the actor-turned-candidate-for-governor, staked out some middle ground on social issues, taking positions that might alienate his conservative fellow Republicans but match the views of a majority of Californians. 2. Early onset of depression in children and teens is increasingly common. Depressed adolescents are at high risk for school failure, social isolation, promiscuity, “self-medication,” and even suicide—the third leading cause of death among 15- to 24-year-olds. 3. Cheliean sea bass is a snow-white, flaky delicacy in restaurants in the United States, Japan and Europe. Environmentalists have warned that over-fishing and poaching could cause it to vanish from the coasts of Antarctica. 4. In western Sweden, a five-year-old girl was abducted and stabbed to death last week by an inmate from a psychiatric institute who was able to come and go at will in part because the cost of looking after such patients in this cradle-to-grave welfare state is becoming too high. 5. While women make up half the 325 million people in the Middle East and North Africa, and in some countries as many as 63 percent of university students, they comprise only 32 percent of the labor force, according to a World Bank report released on the eve of its annual meeting with the International Monetary Fund. 6. The United States on Tuesday vetoed a UN Security Council resolution, backed by Islamic and nonaligned nations, demanding that Israel back off its threat to deport the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. Eleven Council members voted in favor of the measure, while Britain, Germany
我已经通过了CATTI二级笔译，告诉大家一个事实，我NAETI和CATTI都考过，但是现在招聘的都不怎么承认NAETI，因为CATTI与职称挂钩，这样去考NAETI的人数就非常少，所有级别的考生连一个教室都坐不满。 不过CATTI二级和三级的笔译是不能同时报考的，二级和三级的口译也是如此，因为考试时间冲突。而二级笔译和二级口译是可以同时报考，因为时间相差一天。像通过了专八的英语专业学生，我建议直接报考二笔和三口。二口的通过率只有6%左右，所以不建议直接报考。 四月份的时候我看了一些笔译理论的书，有张培基《英汉翻译教程》、叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》、李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》（这本书真的是把我多年竖立起来的三观全部毁了），还有陈宏薇的一本汉译英的书，挑着做了这些书书后面十来篇练习，基本就是一本做了一点就不想做下去了然后换一本这样子o(╯□╰)o 四月份是时候无所事事，觉得时间还很多，然后听信谣言说笔译综合里的完型是无选项完型，于是还练了综合教材里面的完型部分…… 所以考卷发下来心里一千头草泥马在狂奔好嘛…… 笔译综合很简单，大家放心大胆的裸考吧……当然，考纲后面的单词还是要背的，我考前一天刚瞄过一个a开头的单词，结果第二天出现在试卷上的时候我只能想起这个我前一天晚上看到过啊！！！什么意思完全不记得了- -、
恩，笔译实务貌似是考三个小时，所以试卷发下来之后我先算了一下，3*60/4=45，就是说每篇我必须要控制在45分钟之内（之前听很多人说过会来不及，事实上的确会有很多人来不及）。英译汉两篇我做的很赶，基本就是45分钟匆匆写完，没时间好好斟酌。但！是！我没想到我是个汉译英做的如此之快的二逼= =汉译英第一篇貌似用了三十分钟吧，然后第二篇我尽量写得慢了，最后还是多了很多时间。笔译心得是，字典很重要，论坛上有人推荐过两本，大家搜一下就可以搜到的，那绝对是前辈们的肺腑之言好嘛！我图书馆借到了陆谷孙的《英汉大词典》，那些生僻的地名都能查到。推荐的汉英字典（我忘了叫什么）图书馆没有，我随便借了一本，考试的时候那些个有法可依有法必依之类的只能自由发挥了，借到那本字典的同学们都说查到了。 笔译的感想就是，那两本教材完全没必要看的，我翻了一下就扔回书架了……笔译要多看政府文件，口译两本教材基本都是这一类的，加上我看了政府工作报告和十八大报告，所以虽然我笔译没有练，但实际考试的时候对这种风格的文章还是很适应的。我词汇量不大，长难句也不怎么会写，我的翻译都是很质朴的那种。考前我看到微博上答疑说过，要准确，语言不必华丽。所以不要想着怎么出彩啦，准确就好了。
英语翻译二级口译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（2） (1~5/共25题)Part Ⅲ Listen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question. Passage One Play00:0002:53 Volume 第1题 Which country exerts most efforts in educational reform? A.America. B.Germany. C.Britain. D.Estonia. 第2题 What has Britain done in its structural reform? A.It has put emphasis on the Charter schools. B.It has gotten rid of the under-performing school. C.It has established a database. D.It has made schools independent of local government. 第3题 Why have academy pupils′ results been improved faster? A.More state-funded schools have the power of autonomy. B.About 4, 000 secondary schools have been set free. C.The academy program gives schools more autonomy. D.Academy schools could design the curriculum on their own. 第4题 What can be inferred from the example of the pass-rate? A.The huge progress has been made in 16 years ago. B.The academies program has yielded great success. C.India and Kenya will follow the step of Britain. D.The ARK academy chain is a variety of the academic program. 第5题 What is the biggest concern of Mr. Gove? A.His working style. B.His staff. C.His election. D.The momentum of the program. 下一题 (6~10/共25题)Part Ⅲ Listen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each
译之灵翻译培训：2015年5月CATTI二级口译真题 （回忆版） 第一部分英译汉 Part 1 English to Chinese interpreting Passage 1 如何应对人口增长的挑战 现在的世界人口已经超过了70多亿，而中国人口有13亿多，我们现在的世界和1945 年联合国刚成立时是十分不同的，当时的人口是世界的三分之一的比重。但重要的是，在人口增长的过程中，对基础设施，医疗，健康，经济发展造成了一系列的挑战。 我们要特别注意对待男女平等问题，保证女孩接受教育的权力，保证他们获得工作机会的权力，使母婴得到关怀，和充足的营养供给，并降低婴儿死亡率，然而，在一些贫穷的国家，母婴并没有这些，我们应该为我们的下一代提供更多有利条件与保障。 Passage 2 调整水价对水资源进行管理 我经常到中国访问，但是我很少看到人们和水龙头里面的水，2014年中国瓶装水的销 量十分巨大！超过了美国。··· 我们今天的努力会为我们的后代带来实在的利益。中国水资源需要建立完善的管理体系，清洁水是~~~中国水资源占世界多少，很少！现在大家都不敢直接饮用水龙头接出来 的水， 只增加供应量是不行的，所以中国需要更好的水资源管理系统。那么有效的解决办法就是调整水价。每立方米的水价格占中国人均可支配收入的比重为0.5%，而美国是2.5%。 5%的人口缴纳3倍的水价，15%的人口缴纳1.5倍的水价，剩下的80%人口缴纳最基本的水价。 人的日常用水，工业用水，和农业用水也占很大比重，我们应该使先进科学技术参与到水资源的管理之中，让自来水从水龙头中接出便可直接饮用。 调整价格是管理水资源的一种有效方式，但是与此同时，我们也要正确使用这样的一种方式。 第一部分汉译英 Part 2 Chinese to Englishinterpreting
2009年5月英语二级口译证书考试真题及参考译文试题The Certificate of English Interpretation: Level Ⅱ Now please listen to the instructions about this exam. I'll give you a brief introduction before each part of the exam begins and leave you enough time to do the interpreting. Each part is divided into a number of segments and at the start of each segment you will hear this tone [TONE]. At each pause where you are expected to start interpreting, you'll also hear this tone [TONE].You'll hear" each segment only once. Let's start with Part 1. Part 1 Consecutive Interpretation: English to Chinese In this part you will hear a speech delivered in English by the Executive Director of UNICEF at the launch of UNICEF'S report on the State of the World's Children. Please interpret it into Chinese. Let's begin. [TONE] Today we launch UNICEF's annual flagship report: "The State of the World's Children 2009", which this year focuses on maternal and newborn health. The report shows that more must be done to addressmaternal and newborn health to help save and improve the lives of millions of children and their families.[TONE]∥[TONE] Every year, more than 500,000 women die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications. Around 70,000 of these deaths are among girls and young women 15 to 19. This is not only a tragic personal loss forthe family, but it also leaves a long-term impact on the health and well-being of children and the developmentof communities and countries. Around 99 per cent of maternal deaths take place in the developing worldwhere having a child remains among the most serious health risks for women. Twenty one per cent ofmaternal deaths take place in just three countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and Nigeria.[TONE]∥[TONE] In Niger, the country with the highest lifetime risk of maternal mortality, 1 in 7 women will die fromcomplications related to pregnancy or giving birth. The comparable risk in the developed world is 1 in 8,000.Since 1990, complications related to pregnancy and childbirth have taken the lives of an estimated 10 millionwomen. That is equal to around 20 per cent of the total population of South Africa. In addition, every year,some 4 million newborns die within the first 28 days of life from largely preventable causes. That is about40 per cent of all under-five deaths every year. The burden is disproportionately heavy in Africa and Asia.Ninety five per cent of maternal deaths occur in Africa and Asia combined and 90 per cent of newborn deathsoccur in Africa and Asia. [TONE]∥[TONE] The good news is that between 1995 and 2005 skilled birth attendant coverage increased from 54 percent to 62 per cent in the developing world. During the same period ante-natal care rose from 60 percent to75 per cent. Yet around 50 million births in the developing world or about 40 per cent of all births remainwithout skilled health personnel. [T ONE]∥[TONE] And girls must go to school. Women who are educated are more likely to be healthy and to give birth to healthy babies who will survive and grow into adulthood. Educating girls and young women is one ofthe most powerful ways of breaking a vicious cycle of poverty and creating a Supportive environment formaternal and newborn health. [TONE]∥[TONE]
翻译二级口译实务-40 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：1，分数：25.00) 1.China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary elements for China"s sustained growth and global competitiveness. There is no one good definition of what industrial automation is. Perhaps the best definition is a simple one: industrial automation is the use of electronics to control and monitor a process or machinery. While there are many steps that China must take to ensure the appropriate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. Increases in productivity and efficiency are not possible without a high level of industrial automation. If we were to look at the growth in productivity of U.S. industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, two pivotal factors stand out. The first is a revolution in management techniques and consequent restructuring of the American corporation. Management became results-focused, flatter and more distributed, with great participation by the work force. The second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industrial automation into manufacturing and other automated processes. Together these two elements led to significant increases in productivity and efficiency. These increases led the way to sustained growth in the U.S. economy, so that by the late 1980s and the early 1990s the U.S. economy was growing taster than that of Japan for the first time in several decades. China, which is now at its own critical industrial and management systems crossroads, can borrow from some of these experiences. China has an unparalleled opportunity to adopt advanced industrial automation as this technology moves into the new millennium and into the information era. The future of industrial automation will be a networked future with a great reliance on wireless connectivity. Utilization of effective and open networks such as DeviceNet, ControiNet and Ethernet/IP, with their ability to connect to the Internet, allows for continuous control and feedback from the factory floor to the management office and beyond. The factory floor and the management office can be linked continuously and in real time with suppliers, sales force and customers. Every part of this chain will be able to monitor, input to and adjust the manufacturing process and supporting activities. The future of industrial automation will also very much be linked to software that is an open platform and is multifunctional. The right software package provides tremendous flexibility and agility in the manufacturing process. Industrial software provides the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to the Internet to provide seamless flow of data and information so that the "Information Enabled Enterprise" can be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner. China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary elements for China"s sustained growth and global competitiveness. There is no one good definition of what industrial automation is. Perhaps the best definition is a simple one: industrial automation is the use of electronics to control and monitor a process or machinery. While there are many steps that China must take to ensure the appropriate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. Increases in productivity and efficiency are not possible without a high level of industrial automation.