2005年4月全国英美文学选读试题及答案

莎士比亚，简奥斯丁，伍尔夫第一课Question 1♦Heroic Couplet（英雄双韵体）♦It refers to lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on.♦The adjective “heroic” was applied in the later seventeenth century because of the frequent use of such couplets in heroic poems and dramas♦This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer.♦From the age of John Dryden through that of Samuel Johnson, the heroic couplet was the predominant English measure for all the poetic kinds; some poets, including Alexander Pope, used it almost to the exclusion of other metersQuestion 2♦The Knight has the qualities that knights are expected to have, namely, courage, honor, courtesy, loyalty, devotion to the weak and helpless, to the service of women.♦He has taken part in many famous battles and won one victory after another.♦He sits at table in the chair of honor above all nations.♦He fights for his faith.♦Although he is so distinguished and wise, he looks like a maid, modest, meek, not gaily dressed, never saying a vulgar word.Question 3♦Chaucer uses the rhyming couplet, which he introduced from France, in writing his major poems. He is the first great writer to use the dialect of London in writing.♦Chaucer is credited by some scholars as being被一些学者认为是the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language英语方言作为文学语言在艺术上的合法性, rather than French or Latin♦Chaucer‟s language is close to modern English. Modern English is descended from Chaucer‟s English.Chaucer raised the language to a higher literary level by writing it with polish and ease.♦Chaucer‟s language is vivid and exact. His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness. His style is flexible. His prose is easy and informal. He uses mild satire when he deals with people‟s foibles and weaknesses第二课bacon♦ 1 According to Bacon, the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦That is to say, right decisions and judgments over important matters require comprehensive knowledge which is acquired by studies.♦Without a wide range of knowledge, a person cannot digest information, analyze information and take timely measures accordingly.♦2Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abilities. But the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦Studies perfect nature, and is perfected by experience♦There is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies.Studies can train (shape) a person‟s character and make up a person‟s deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.3This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.4The essay is peculiar for its clearness, brevity, and force of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and of balanced structures.Conciseness of expression and simplicity of diction are two chief distinguishing features of the prose style of Bacon who was among the earliest of English essayists.MiltonQuestion 1♦To lose the battle does not lose all. They still have the unconquerable will, eagerness for revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield.♦With all this, they can overcome all other thingsQuestion 2♦He is defeated in the battle against God, but he does not lose heart.♦He will not bow down to God.♦Instead, he is advising the serpent and followers to rise up again and fight another battle.Question 3♦To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee and deify his power. To give in to God, to fall down on one‟s knees to beg for mercy submissively, worship God‟s power, become scared for God‟s authority and power, lose confidence.Question 4♦real hero, dare to revolt against the despot, persevering but not discouraged after the failure (Republicans including Milton)ShakespearQuestion 1♦In this soliloquy he compares death to sleep. If the many kinds of sufferings that naturally come to a human being disappear in the “sleep”, then death is what is wished for.♦But there may be dreams in the sleep. That is to say, the worldly sufferings may still occur in the dreams.That is the point at which doubt arises.Question 2♦People would rather bear all the suffering of the world instead o f choosing death to get rid of them because they do not know what the next life would be like. No traveler returns from boundary of the undiscovered country. The unknown sufferings may be more unbearable and more terrible.♦It would be better to bear those ills they have than to fly to others that they know not of.Question 3♦Serious thinking makes people lose their determination.♦Faced with the evil force, Hamlet can neither act in cahoots with it nor overturn and destroy it. He is isolated and helpless. Even if opportunities come, he cannot take them because of his indecisiveness.Here the shortcomings of the newly-arising bourgeoisie are shown. They think too much but do not act or act slowly第三课ben jonson♦1) A kiss in the cup♦2) The lovers express their love between eyes. The cup with a kiss has become a divine drink. The poet would not give his wine in exchange for Jove‟s nectar sup. In the eyes of the poet, the drink brewed with love is the most delicious in the world. Nothing can be compared with the wine♦3) The wreath is a symbol of love. The purpose of sending his lover a rosy wreath is not only to express his love, but to hope that the rose will never fade with the lover‟s love. The l over breathes to the rosy wreath and sends back to the poet. Then a miracle appears: It grows, and smells, but not naturally. It seems that the rosy wreath has produced a magic powerDonneQuestion 1♦The woman doesn‟t reject the flea entrée to her body, y et she denies the advancements of the speaker.The speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. “It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.”♦This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. Their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn‟t considered one. This act could not be considered a l oss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. Therefore this lady should not be troubled about giving herself to him委身于他before they marry, because their only act is the mixing of their blood.Question 2♦Lines 14 and 15 of stanza 2, “Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, and cloistered in these living walls of jet,” describes how her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. Her parents are against such a marriage.Question 3♦Three lives refer to you, me and the flea (implying our baby). The speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. She would kill the symbolic marriage realm and the baby.♦In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself.♦When the flea is killed, the speaker purposefully turns to another argument.♦The killing has done no harm to them.♦Likewise, their secret union will do no harm to them.♦They should not worry about their union. Their fears are unnecessary.第四课DefoeQuestion 1♦To think about securing himself against savages or wild beasts.♦To choose a proper place: He consulted four things before pitching his tent: health and fresh water, shelter from the heat of the sun, security from ravenous, a view to the sea.♦To set up a tent and dig a cave♦To avoid the blast of the power by lightning: He made bags and boxes to separate the power.♦To kill goats for food.Question 2To make his sounds reasonable and convincingQuestion 3♦From the creation of the image of Robinson Crusoe by the author, we can see that Defoe took positive attitude towards colonialism.♦His bourgeois outlook manifests itself in the fact that he does not condemn Negro-slavery in his book. Robinson Crusoe stands for a typical 18th-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer co lonistFielding♦ 1. It serves as the title of chapter 8, which shows how the story is narrated. The narration of the story will follow the classical form of epic.♦ 2. Fielding depicts the combat and villagers in the Homerican style. (See the above)♦ 3. He does not strictly follow the classical form of epic. He uses a mock epic style.♦He tried to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.♦Throughout, the ordinary and usually ridiculous life of the common people, from the middle-class to the underworld, is his major concern.♦Fielding treats Tom as a complicated, round character. Tom‟s nature is impulsive, but genuine. He showsgreat honor in the way he respects Molly, but he does give into her lust.♦This behavior would be shocking for Fielding's audience, and yet he continues to treat Tom with due deference, noting both his faults and virtues.♦When Tom sends a servant for a side saddle for the disheveled 零乱的Molly, it reveals his respect for people of all classes and positions♦Further, in protecting Molly from her attackers, Tom reveals another element of his character: an intense passion.♦The distinction between appearance (a libertine here) and inward character (a boy defined by respect and virtue) is most important in understanding the book's hero.♦Consider how Molly wears the dress of a lady to hide her pregnancy - it suggests that what we see is not what we get.♦Ironically, she is attacked not for her immoral pregnancy, but for attempting to dress as a lady.♦Fielding…s cynicism is time and again tempered调节，缓和only by his humor and delight in broadly comic and dramatic scenes.♦The fight outside the church is described in detail, with the individuals named to create realism in the scene, almost as a piece of drama.♦ 4. The narrator‟s direct address to the reader breaks the suspension of disbelief in the narrative. He refers to the construction of his text as a story with “sundry similes, descriptions and oth er kind of poetical embellishments润色,” reminding the reader that the novel is an artificial construct. By calling attention to the novel's form, Fielding is able to both explicitly extrapolate its ideas and have fun with its conventions第七课♦Mr. Bennet is an English gentleman with his ove rbearing wife. The Bennets‟ five daughters: the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the wild Lydia.Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr. Bennet dies, their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have never met.The family‟s future, happiness and security is dependent on the daughters‟ making good marriages. The main plot is about the five daughters, especially the main character Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy as they deal with matters of upbringing, marriage, moral rightness and education in her aristocratic societyWhat do you think about the characters of Mr. Bennet and Mrs Bennet?♦Mr. Bennet is a cynical person while Mrs Bennet is a philistine and shallow woman. She is a beautiful but empty-headed, snobbish and vulgar woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich, handsome young men. She is often teased by her husbandHow do you understand the first sentence?♦“In want of” and “fortune” are key words in the first sentence. “In want of” refers to “need” instead of “desire”. In another word, it implies objectivity rather than subjectivity. The truth of “a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” is tested through the Bennet family.♦Another key wor d is “fortune”, suggestive of the primary importance of cash nexus（现金交易关系）in love and marriage. The opening sentence serves as an excellent start for the development of the plot.It is probably one of the most famous first sentences found in fiction.What does the first chapter describe?♦The first chapter describes the parents of the Bennet girls.♦Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are busy considering the prospects of their daughters‟ marriage, shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor.♦Mild satire may be found here in the author‟s seeming ly matter-of-fact description of a very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mrs. and Mr. Bennet What is the style of the chapter?♦The style is lucid and graceful with touches of humor and mild satire. The conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life. The author only inserts her observations occasionallyWhat is the theme of the novel?♦This book tells us a great deal about different attitudes toward marriage in Au sten‟s time.♦Austin satires and criticizes the marriage arranged by the parents of both sides or the marriiages built upon money or wealth.♦Elizabeth‟s attitude, which is not built upon wealth and money, but on spiritual understanding of each other, is praised by the writer.第八课dickens♦Noah Claypole‟s relationship with Oliver illustrates Victorian England‟s obsession with class distinctions.♦The son of destitute parents, Noah is accustomed to the disdain of those who are better off than he.♦Thus, he is relieved to have Oliver nearby, since, as an orphan, Oliver is even worse off than he is.♦Dickens shows that class snobbery is a universal quality, characteristic of the lowest as well as the highest strata of society.♦Moreover, snobbish behavior seems a component of class insecurity.♦The poor mercilessly taunt those who are poorer than they, out of anxious desire to distinguish themselves from those who are even worse off in life♦In protesting the parish‟s treatment of Oliver, Dickens criticizes th e Victorian characterization of the poor as naturally immoral, criminal, and filthy.♦His principal character, Oliver, after all, is virtuous, good, and innocent.♦Although we might expect a criticism of the popular conception of the lower classes to descr ibe many lower-class characters who are essentially good, honest, and hardworking, Dickens does not paint such a simplistic picture.♦The character of Noah, for example, exhibits the same stereotypes that Dickens satirizes in the first several chapters.♦Noah, the son of a drunkard, seems to have inherited all of the unpleasant traits that his father presumably has. Big, greedy, cowardly, ugly, and dirty, Noah is the quintessential Victorian stereotype of the good-for-nothing poor man.♦Oliver‟s attack on No ah is an important moment in the development of his character.♦Most of the time, he is portrayed as sweet, -docile, innocent, and naïve—sometimes to the point of seeming somewhat dim.♦Indeed, it might seem that Dickens, in his fervent desire to exact his Victorian audience‟s sympathy for the poor orphan, exaggerates by making Oliver angelic.♦Oliver‟s fit of rage, however, makes him seem more passionate and human, like an ordinary child.♦Oliver, raised in the workhouse, has never seen a functioning family except for the Sowerberrys, who are childless.♦His sense of familial love and duty is strong enough to compel him to violently come to his mother‟s defense.♦Dickens implies that loyalty to kin, and the desire for the love of a family, is an impulse with which children are born, not one that needs to be learned and nurtured第九课Dover Beach♦What is the tone of the poem?♦What is the theme of the poem?♦Do you think the view of human life presented here is applicable to today‟s world? Why or why not?♦Feelings of isolated loneliness, and fear of the future are the major tone of the poem♦The central theme is that the poet mourns the loss of faith in God, who provided security and meaningfor people in the past, and compares the passing of faith to the ebb of the tide.♦In Arnold‟s world, the pillar of faith supporting society was perceived as crumbling under the weight of scientific development.♦Consequently, the existence of God and the whole Christian scheme of things were cast in doubt.♦Arnold, who was deeply religious, lamented the dying of the light of faith.♦It is rather difficult to say it is true or not for today‟s world. With a positive viewpoint, we can perceive today‟s world as a prosperous and peaceful one. With a negative and critical eye, the wor ld today is full of misery, torture and disbelief, and is as a messy chaos as described in the poemMeeting at nightHow does the poem show the frame of mind 心情of the hero and the heroine? Meeting at night ♦The hero was sailing a boat on the gray sea. The little waves were startled and leaped in fiery ringlets under the moonlight. This image reflects the happy mood of the hero.♦When the boat landed the cove, it slowed down and got stranded on the sand. This suggests the swiftness of the boat and the eagerness of the hero.♦The repetition of the sounds “s” and “sh” produced the sound effect.♦The last four lines form an image of their meeting. It can be seen that the person inside had been waiting with the same eagerness.♦“Scratch” and “spurt” are onomatopoeias, which produced the sound effect of peace and quietude late at night.♦Their joy reached the climax in the last line. They were hugging each other tightly.How do you understand the poem? 早上的分别♦This poem describes the parting of the two after the meeting late at night.♦In the above poem the hero thinks that the joy of love is everlasting, but now he admits that this joy is transient. Love and comfort are not everything for a man. He has a lot of things to do. He should commit himself to his own cause.♦The sunlight travels in a straight line. Compared with the sunlight, the road of his cause is uneven and full of curves.丁尼生What is expressed in the poem?♦This short lyric was written in memory of the poet‟s very dear friend Arthur Hallam whose death was felt very keenly by Tennyson throughout his life. In the poem Tennyson contrasts his own feelings of sadness over the loss of a dear friend first with th e innocent joys of a fisherman‟s boy and of a sailor lad and then with the unfeeling waves of the sea that break upon the shore and with the insensate ships that enter into a harbor. The whole effect is one of genuine personal grief revealed through simple imagery and very musical language.What does stanza 2 describe? How does the poet feel?♦Stanza 2 describes the fisherman‟s boy shouting with sister at play and the sailor lad singing. The gaiety of the people in the setting is in contrast with the poet‟s gloomy feeling. The boy, the girl, and the lad are enjoying themselves despite the inner pains of the poet. The enjoyable setting intensifies the poet‟s mood. He feels more lonely and is plunged into deeper sorrow over the loss of his friend.What is the effect of the repetition of “Break, break, break”?♦“Break, break, break” appears in the first lines in the first and last stanzas. “Break” is a one-syllable word. It is read with much feeling and poignancy. The word easily fills the normal tempo of a metrical foot. “Break, break, break” is repeated for more that has not been mentioned above to be conveyed more clearly. We can see the following lines touch the memory of the experience in which the poet was with his friend.第10课萧伯纳Question 1♦He is afraid to betray his origin.♦He is the son of a Clerkenwell watchmakerQuestion 2♦In this play and in British society at large, language is closely tied with class.♦From a person's accent, one can determine where the person comes from and usually what the person's socioeconomic background is.♦She speaks English so well that they are curious about her and eager to know her identity.♦They stop talking to look at her, admiring her dress, her jewels, and her strangely attractive self.♦Some of the younger ones at the back stand on their chairs to see.♦According to the hostess, there has been nothing like her in London since people stood on their chairs to look at Mrs. Langtry (English actress).Question 3♦Class Distinction. The social hierarchy is an unavoidable reality in Britain,.♦Shaw includes members of all social classes from the lowest (Liza) to the servant class (Mrs. Pearce) to the middle class (Doolittle after his inheritance) to the genteel poor (the Eynsford Hills) to the upper class (Pickering and the Higginses).♦The general sense is that class structures are rigid and should not be tampered with改动, so the example of Liza's class mobility is most shocking.♦The issue of language is tied up in class quite closely; the fact that Higgins is able to identify where people were born by their accents is telling有力的说明.♦British class and identity are very much tied up in their land and their birthplace, so it becomes hard to be socially mobile if your accent marks you as coming from a certain location♦Here Higgins, and through him Shaw, shows that this great difference between human beings can be destroyed. And when this disappears, the class distinction it represents also largely disappears. The flower girl does not have to stay on the curbstone with her basket all her life. To re-make human speech is a method of re-making modern society.第11课WoolfWhat is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.What is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.♦Middle-aged Clarissa has experienced the deaths of her father, mother, and sister and has lived through the calamity of war, and she has grown to believe that living even one day is dangerous.♦Death is very naturally in her thoughts, and the line from Cymbeline, along with Septimus‟s suicidal embrace of death, ultimately helps her to be at peace with her own mortality.♦Peter Walsh, so insecure in his identity, grows frantic at the idea of death and follows an anonymous young woman through London to forget about it.♦Septimus faces death most directly. Though he fears it, he finally chooses it over what seems to him a direr alternative—living another day.How is the novel related to the disillusionment of the British Empire?♦English citizens lost much of their faith in the empire after the war. No longer could England claim to be invulnerable and all-powerful. Citizens were less inclined to willingly adhere to the rigid constraints imposed by England‟s class system,which benefited only a small margin of society but which all classes had fought to preserve.♦In 1923, when Mrs. Dalloway takes place, the old establishment and its oppressive values are nearing their end. English citizens, including Clarissa, Peter, and Septimus, feel the failure of the empire as strongly as they feel their own personal failures. The old empire faces an imminent demise, and the loss of the traditional and familiar social order leaves the English at loose ends.What can we see about Englis h Society from Clarissa‟s preparation for the party?♦Woolf strived to illustrate the vain artificiality of Clarissa‟s life and her involvement in it.♦The detail given and thought provoked in one day of a woman…s preparation for a party, a simple social event, exposes the flimsy没有价值的lifestyle of England's upper classes at the time of the novel. How is the stream of consciousness technique used in Mrs. Dallay?♦In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an i ndividual‟s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions♦Stream of Consciousness is an innovative narration technique in the twentieth century to reflect the inner world of the characters and expose the social reality.Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs.Dalloway,which is the sign of maturity of Stream of Consciousness, is the best works of her.Through the use of stream of consciousness, which mainly includes montage, inner monologue and free association, the novel expresses the inner world of the protagonist directly.The story of the novel is of Clarissa Dalloway‟s preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. She goes around London in the morning, getting ready to host a party that evening. The nice day reminds her of her youth at Bourton and makes her wonder about her choice of husband; she married the reliable Richard Dalloway instead of the enigmatic and demanding Peter Walsh, who will pay her a visit in the evening.♦Clarissa‟s party in the evening is a slow success. It is attended by most of the characters she has met in the book, including people from her past.♦At the party she hears about the suicide of a World War I veteran Septimus, who suffers from “shell shock”, and gradually comes to admire the act of this stranger, which she considers an effort to preserve the purity of his happiness♦With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time and in a nd out of the characters‟ minds to construct an image of Clarissa‟s life and of the inter-war social structure。

英美文学选读试题Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.Christian2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance Movement?A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious bird s sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18”D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic irony7.The ture subjec t of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specificall y a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines a nd to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞?A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.Wordsworth15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of human passion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.drama D.epic prose19.___is the first important governess(家庭女教师) novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreHeights20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.B.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.anger30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury.31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.C.worldliness33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepi cking:I am overtired/Of the great harvestI myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of life38.IN The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experience inside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story “A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT true?A.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor disbelieved her,but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what's my name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment has changed?C.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ages hence〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who are the two?And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Qversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100 words,and comment on the theme of the novel.Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.All those old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elega nce in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue. B. The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilizati。

全国自考英美文学选读（综合）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 阅读理解 3. 简答题 4. 论述题阅读理解1．To bow and sue for graceWith suppliant knee, and deify his power...—that were low indeed,That were an ignominy, and shame beneathThis downfall;...Questions:A. Who is the author?B. What is the title of the poem?C. What is the main idea?正确答案：A. John Milton.B. Paradise Lost.C. To beg God for mercy and worship his power were more shameful and disgraceful than this downfall. 涉及知识点：阅读理解2．I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B. What are the two principal beliefs that the poet set in this poem?正确答案：A. From Walt Whitman’ s “Song of Myself”.B. The two beliefs are the belief in the theory of universality and the belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value. 涉及知识点：阅读理解3．“...Only Miss Emily’s house was left, rifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps—an eyesore among eyesores. “Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the story from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What is the meaning of “an eyesore among eyesores”?C. What does this quoted passage indicate?正确答案：A. Faulkner, A Rose for Emily.B. The most unpleasant thing to look at.C. The house is a perfect mirror image of the owner who is stubborn and coquettish and deliberately detaches herself from the communal life in this small town. 涉及知识点：阅读理解简答题4．As a novelist Jane Austen writes within a very ______ sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the ______ of the late 18th-century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.正确答案：Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. 涉及知识点：简答题5．Analyze the character of Jane Eyre taken from Jane Eyre.正确答案：A. Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master.B. In Chapter XXIII, Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. When forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperately and openly declares her equality with him and her love for him. 涉及知识点：简答题6．What are the features of Whitman’ s poetry?正确答案：A. His poetic style is marked by the use of poetic “I”.B. He adopted”free verse” , poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.C. The images in his poems are unconventional.D. He uses oral English.E. His vocabulary is amazing.F. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence are used at the beginning of the lines. 涉及知识点：简答题7．Some of Hemingway’ s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?正确答案：A. They have seen the cold world and for one cause or another, they boldly and courageously face the reality; whatever the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure.B. Almost all his heroes are” soldiers” either in a narrow or broad sense. They are out there to fight against nature or the world, or even themselves. But no matter where the battleground is and how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated.C. Hemingway himself is one of those Code heroes; some critics say his protagonists are autobiographical, for they share something that is Hemingway’ s. 涉及知识点：简答题论述题8．Robinson Crusoe is universally considered as Daniel Defoe’ s masterpiece. Robinson, apparently, is cast as a typical 18th-century pioneer colonist. Give a brief comment on Robinson Crusoe.正确答案：A. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinsonsingle-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel.B. Robinson is here a real hero; a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hosr tile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.C. In describing Robinson’ s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labor and the puritan fortitude, which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness. He toils for the sake of subsistence, and the fruits of his labor are his own. 涉及知识点：论述题9．Make a brief comment on Elizabeth ‘ s character in Pride and Prejudice.正确答案：A. Elizabeth is clever, alert, observant. She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizing the characters of Bingley’ s sisters. She recognizes Mr. Collins’ character in his letter and after meeting him turns down firmly and with dignity his patronizing proposal. She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam, earning their respect and admiration.B. Fearless and frank, not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, she wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed. She is independent but not infallible in her judgment—taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham. She cannot be blamed for misjudging Darcy.C. She shows flexibility, discernment, and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy’ s defense in his letter and admits the justice of much of what he says, thus beginning to lose her prejudice against him. She recognizes and values true worth when she encounters it in Jane, the Gardiners, and, near the end of the novel, in Darcy. She sees more clearly than her father the danger of sending Lydia to Brighton.D. She is able to control her emotions at times of stress —when she first encounters Darcy at Pemberley; when she realizes that she loves Darcy and has good reason to fear that she has lost him,she waits without repining for time to bring a solution. She is witty, fun-loving, recognizes humor in herself and in others, but ridiculing only folly, nonsense, and inconsistencies. She recognizes the follies of her own family and their shortcomings as well as their virtues.E. She is considerate of others but quite capable of asserting herself when occasion demands. She has a playful and unaffected manner, sunny disposition, natural animation, sense of fun, and sweet reasonableness. She is ready to laugh at herself and everything save “what is wise and good”. She shows a sense of humor by telling what Darcy has said about her at the Meryton ball. 涉及知识点：论述题10．Take Mark Twain’ s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to illustrate the statement that Mark Twain was a unique writer in American literature.正确答案：A. Mark Twain shaped the world’ s view of America and made an extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature.B. The novel has become a great contribution to the legacy of American literature.C. The novel is written in a language that is totally different from the rhetorical language used byMark Twain’ s contemporary writers such as Emerson, Poe and Melville. It is simple, direct, lucid and faithful to the colloquial speech. This style of colloquialism is best described as “ vernacular”.D. He successfully used local color and historical settings to illustrate and shed light on the contemporary society. That’ s why he is known as a local colorist.E. Mark Twain’ s humor is remarkable, too. Most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc. Some of them are typically tall tales. And a great deal of his humor is characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration, repetition, and anti-climax. He uses his humor to criticize the social injustice and satirize the decayed romanticism. 涉及知识点：论述题。

英美文学选读-阶段测评3成绩：87.5分一、Multiple Choice 共40 题题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A、The Rainbow，Women in LoveB、The Rainbow，Sons and LoversC、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s LoverD、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》标准答案：A考生答案：A本题得分：2.5 分题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land.A、“Prufrock”B、“Gerontion”C、The Hollow MenD、Lyrical Ballads（P358.para3）“Gerontion”是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。

标准答案：B考生答案：B本题得分：2.5 分题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ).A、The RainbowB、Women in LoveC、Sons and LoversD、Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。

其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。

英美文学选读试题自学考试答案解析(完整版)请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

全部题目用英文作答。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I.Multiple Choice(40points in all,1for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A,B,C orD on the answer sheet.1.Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his______plays,154sonnets and2long poems.BA.27B.38C.47D.522.john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups:the early poetic works,the middle prose pamphlets and the last______.CA.romancesB.dramasC.great poemsD.ballads3.The novels of______are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower—class people.CA.John MiltonB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.Jonathan Swift4.The work ranked by many critics as William Wordswoth’s greatest work was______.BA.Lyrical BalladsB.The PreludeC.Poems in Two VolumesD.The Excursion5.The author of The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling is ______.CA.Daniel DefoeB.Johathan SwiftC.Henry FieldingD.William Blake6.The works of______are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle—class women,particularly governess.*BA.Charlotte BrontewrenceC.Thomas HardyD.Jane Austen7.All of the following writings are created by William Wordsworth EXCEPT______.DA.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.”B.“Composed upon Westminster Bridge,Septemer3,1802.”C.“The Solitary Reaper.”D.“The Chimney Sweeper.”8.The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift is______.DA.A Tale of a TubB.The Battle of the BooksC.A Modest ProposalD.Gulliver's Travels9“If winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”comes from Shelly’s______.DA.“To a Skylark”B.“Adonais”C.“Ode to Liberty”D.“Ode to the West Wind”10.In Jane Austen's first novel______,she tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs.BA.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Persuasion11.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest______writers of the Victorian Age.DA.romanticB.modernistC.socialistD.critical realist12.Charlotte Bronte's most autobiographical work,______ is largely based on her experience in Brussels.AA.Jane EyreB.ShirleyC.VilletteD.The Professor13.William Wordsworth's theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary people.The preface to the second edition of______acts as a manifesto for the new school and sets forth his own critical creed.AA.Lyrical BalladsB.The PreludeC.Poems in Two VolumsD.The Excursion14.George Bernard Shaw's play______established his position as the leading playwright of his time.*CA.Widowers’HousesB.Too True to Be GoodC.Mrs.Warren's ProfessionD.Candida15.Eliot's most important single poem______,has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the20th-century English poetry.BA.The Hollow MenB.The Waste LandC.Prurrock and Other ObservationsD.Poems1909-2516. D. /doc/info-926f89635dbfc77da26925 c52cc58bd630869377.htmlwrence’s autobiographical novel, ______shows the conflict between the earthy,coarse, energetic but often drunken father and the refined,strong —willed and up—climbing mother.AA.Sons and LoversB.The White PeacockC.The TrespasserD.The Rainbow17.“To be,or not to be—that is the question;/Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer./The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/And by opposing end them?”These words are from ______.DA.King LearB.RomeoC.AntonioD.Hamlet18.John Milton’s last important work,______is the most powerful dramatic poem on the Greek model.AA.Paradise LostB.Paradise RegainedC.Samson AgonistesD.Lydidas19.The author of Moll Flanders and Captain Singleton is ______.BA.John MiltonB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.Jonathan Swift20.Drapier is the pseudonym of______.AA.Jonathan SwiftB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.William Blake21.One of Dickens'later works,______in which he presents a criticism of the governmental branches which run an indefinite procedure of management ofaffairs and keep the innocent in prison for life.BA.Bleak HouseB.Little DorritC.Hard TimesD.A Tale of Two Cities22.In the second part of Gulliver's Travels,Gulliver told his experience in______.AA.BrobdingnagB.LilliputC.Flying IslandD.Houyhnhnm23.Faulkner used the narrative techniques to construct his stories,which include______and mythological and biblical allusions.AA.symbolismB.free indirect speechC.contrastD.dialogue24.Ernest Hemingway,had been trying to demonstrate in his works an unvarying code,known as“______,”which is actually an attitude towards life.BA.facing the realityB.grace under pressureC.honesty with benevolenceD.security coming first25.The Blithedale Romance is a novel written by Hawthorne to reveal his own experience on the Brook Farm and his own methods as a______novelist.CA.naturalistB.imagistC.psychologicalD.feminist26.Theodore Dreiser's focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the Americanfinancial tycoons in the late19th century in his work ______.DA.The GeniusB.An American TragedyC.Dreiser Looks at RussiaD.“Trilogy of Desire”27.Emily Dickinson frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader,and______to vivify some abstract ideas.DA.imagesB.metaphorC.symbolsD.personification28.In his later works,Melville becomes more reconciled with the______,in which he admits,one must live by rules.BA.womenB.world of manC.familyD.politicians29.Walt Whitman's______has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention in America.BA.The Pilgrim’s ProgressB.Leaves of GrassC.A Passage to IndiaD.Rip Van Winkle30.Mark Twain’s full literary career began to blossom in1869with a travel book______,an account of American tourists in Europe.AA.Innocents AbroadB.The Portrait of A LadyC.The Grapes of WrathD.The Great Gatsby31.With the development of the modern novel and the common acceptance of the______approach,Henry James's importance,as well as his wide influence as a novelist and critic,has been all the more conspicuous.AA.deconstructionB.romanticC.FreudianD.analytic32.Emily Dickinson addresses the issues that concern the whole human beings in her poems,which include religion, death,______,love,and nature.AA.immortalityB.wealthC.powerD.politics33.In Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser expressed his______ pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moral standards.BA.romanticB.realisticC.naturalisticD.modernistic34.Profound ideas in Robert Frost's poems are delivered under the disguise of______.AA.the plain language and the simple formB.the vivid descriptionsC.metaphorsD.the complicated narration35.In______Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death throughthe depiction of the bullfight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy.BA.The Green Hills of AfricaB.Death in the AfternoonC.The Snows of KilimanjaroD.To Have and Have Not36Of Faulkner’s literary works,four novels are masterpieces by any standards:The Sound and the Fury, Light in August,Absalom,Absalom!and______.AA.Go Down,MosesB.The FableC.The Snows of KilimanjaroD.To Have and Have Not37.As Whitman saw it,______could play a vital part in the process ofcreating a new nation.CA.musicB.fictionC.poetryD.painting38.In many of Hawthorne's stories and novels,the Puritan concept of life is condemned,especially in his The house of the Seven Gables and______.BA.Go Down,MosesB.The Scarlet LetterC.As I Lay DyingD.Song of Myself39.Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the______and the founder of psychological realism.BA.“stream-of-consciousness”novelsB.metaphysical poemsC.short storiesD.literary criticism40.Generally considered to be Henry James’s masterpiece,______incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a Europe an cultural environment.BA.The AmbassadorsB.Daisy MillerC.The AmericanD.The Portrait of A Lady非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

1A ． The Return of the NativeB ． Tess of the D 'Urbervilles全国 2018年4月历年自学考试 英美文学选读试题课程代码： 00604I. Multiple Choice ( 40 points in all, 1for each )Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answer the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.establishment of the form of the modern novel.of the 20 th -century English poetry.time.5．William Blake 's central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is _________________which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference. A ． youthhood B ． childhood C ．happinessD ． sorrow6．All of the following works are known as Hardy 's “novels of character and environment EXCETP.1． The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulatedby a series of historical eventsEXCEPTA ． the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB ． the vast expansion of British colonies in North AmericaC ． the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD ． the religious reformation and the economic expansion 2． Henry Fielding has been regarded by some«as “_”,for his contribution to theA ． Father of the English NovelB ． F ather of the English PoetryC ． Father of the English DramaD ． F ather of the English Short Story3． T ．S ． Eliot 's most important single poemhas been hailed as a landmark and a modelA ． The Hollow ManB ． The Waste LandC ． Murder in the CathedralD ． Ash Wednesday4．G eorge Bernard Shaw 's play established his position as the leading play-wright of hisA ．Widowers 'Houses B ． Too True to Be Good C ．Mrs. Warren 's Profession D ． Candida29． Among the following writers ______________ created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters. A ． Robert Browning B ． Matthew Arnold C ．Alfred TennysonD ． Edward Fitzgerald10． “ Iits a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife. ”The quoted part is taken from _____________________ . A ．Jane EyreB ． Wuthering HeightsC ．Pride and PrejudiceD ． Sense and Sensibility11． Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ____________ has brought the English novel ,as an art of form, to its maturity. A ． Charlotte Bront ? B ． Jane Austen C ．Emily Bront ?D ．Ann Radcliffe12． Shelley 's greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama _________ , which is an exultant work in praise of humankind 's potential. A ． AdonaisB ． Queen MabC ．Prometheus UnboundD ．A Defence of Poetry13． The assertion that poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility ”belongs toB ． Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC ． Robert Southey 14． All of the followingpoems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPTC ． Jude the ObscureD ． Far from the Madding Crowd7．Among the works by Charles Dickens ___________ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds. A ． Bleak House B ． Pickwick Paper C ． Great ExpectationsD ． Hard Times8． The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens 'works is his A ． simple vocabularyB ． bitter and sharp criticismC ．character-portrayalD ． pictures of happinessA ． William Wordsworth D ． William Blake精品自学考试资料推荐3All of the followi ng are stream -of- con scious ness no vels EXCEPT 16． Shakespeare 's four greatest tragedies are ____________ . A ． Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet B ．Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice C ． Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD ．Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet17．As one of the greatest masters of English prose, _______________ defined a good style as “properwords in proper places ”. A ．Henry Fielding B ． Jonathan Swift C ．Samuel JohnsonD ． Alexander Pope18．All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people EXCEPT __________________________ . A ．Robinson Crusoe B ． Captain Singleton C ．Moll FlandersD ． Colonel Jack19． Among the three major works by John Milton ____________________ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. A ．Paradise Regained B ． Samson Agonistes C ．LycidasD ． Paradise Lost20．English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with .A ．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the ParliamentB ．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge 'sLyrical BalladsC ．the publication of T ．S ．Eliot 's The waste LandD ．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament21．Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of ________ .A ．I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud B ． “An Evening Walk C ． Tintern AbbeyD ． “The Solitary Reaper15． A ． Pilgrimage B ． UlyssesC ． Mrs. DallowayD ． Tess of the D 'UrbervillesA．the common English people B．the upper classC．the rising bourgeoisie D．the enterprising landlords22．The major concern of _________ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A．John Galsworthy 's B．Thomas Hardy 's C．D．H．Lawrence 's D．Charles Dickens '23．The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised ___________ for “his powerful style-forming mastery ofthe art”of creating modern fiction.A．Ezra Pound B．Ernest HemingwayC．Robert Frost D．Theodore Dreiser24．In 1950, ________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust .A ．William Faulkner B．Robert FrostC．Ezra Pound D．Ernest Hemingway25．Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel _________ concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．Typee B．RedburnC．Moby-Dick D．Mardi26．The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and, especially, its sequence _____________ proved themselves to be the milestone in the American literature.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B．Life on the MississippiC．The Gilded Age D．Roughing It27．The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be ___________ masterpiece, which describes the life journey of an American _____________ in a European cultural environment.A . Henry Adams '…widow B. William James '…girlC. Henry James'…girlD. Theodore Dreiser's…widow28. Hawthorne intended to ________ in The Scarlet Letter.A . tell a story of parental loveB.tell a story of sin and bloody violence4C.call the readers back to the plantation way of livingD．reveal the human psyche after they sinned29．“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. ”This “iceberg”analogy is put forward by ______ .A．Mark Twain B．Ezra PoundC．William Faulkner D．Ernest Hemingway30．In many of Hawthorne 's stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, or the Puritan past is shown in an almost totally negative light, especially in his ______________________ and The Scarlet Letter .A ．Twice-Told Tales B．The Blithedale RomanceC．The Marble Faun D．The House of the Seven Gables31 ．The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes ______________________ for Melville, for it is complex,unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A ．societyB ．natureC．ocean animals D ．both A and C32．After the American Civil War, the literary interest in the so-called “reality ”of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of __________ .A ．RealismB ．Reason and Revolution C．Romanticism D ．Modernism33．H ．L ．Mencken considered _______ “the true father of our national literature ”.A．Bret Harte B ．Mark TwainC．Washington Irving D ．Walt Whitman34．Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only ___________ had appeared during her lifetime. A．three B ．fiveC．seven D ．nine35．The _______ Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby . A．Lost B ．JazzC．Reason D ．Gilded36．Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in __________ .5A．the west B ．the southC．Alaska D ．New England37．As _______ saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rule.A ．Wordsworth LongfellowB ．William BryantC．Walt Whitman D ．Robert Frost38．Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having devoted all his life to the creation of the “single ”poem, ________ .A．The Love Song of J．Alfred Prufrock B ．The Waste LandC．Murder in the Cathedral D ．Leaves of Grass39．Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to ___________ .A ．ModernismB ．ScientismC．Post-Modernism D ．Feminism40．Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of __________ in his novels which is best describeda i ”as “vernacular ”.A ．standard EnglishB ．Afro-American English C．colloquialism D ．urbanismII．Reading Comprehension ( 16 points in all,4 for each )Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.41．“ Shall cI ompare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer 's lease hath all too short a date:”Questions:A ．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B．Name the figure of speech employed in the poem.C．What is the theme of the poem?642．“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you ------------------- i t is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God 's feet, equal—as we are!”Questions:A．Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken.B．To whom is the speaker speaking?C．What does the quoted part imply about the speaker?43．“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep. ”Questions:A ．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B．What does the word “sleep”mean?C．What idea do the four lines express?44．“Icelebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”(from Walt Whitman 's “Song of Myself”)Questions:A ．Whom does “myself”refer to?B．How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul ”?C．What does “a spear of summer grass”indicate?III．Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each )Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers inthe corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.745．“‘ Myboy! 'said the old gentleman, leaning over the desk. Oliver stated at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears. ”( from Charles Dickens 'Oliver Twist ) Explain why Oliver Twist started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were “kindly ”said.46．It is said that B. Shaw 's play, Mrs. Warren 's Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist 's Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.47．“In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel. ”( from Theodore Dreiser 's Sister Carrie )What idea can you draw from the “rocking-chair ”?48．Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?IV．Topic Discussion ( 20 points in all, 10 for each )Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.49．Daniel Defoe 's novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the risingmiddle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.50．“‘My faith is gone! 'cried he( Goodman Brown ) ,after one stupefied moment. ‘There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given. '”( from Nathaniel Hawthorne 's “Young Goodman Brown ”)Make a comment on this passage.8。

《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。

PART ONE Ⅰ.Multiple Choice （40 points in all, 1 for each） Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the answers on the answer sheet. 1. “For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room ……”（Dickens, Oliver Twist） What did Oliver ask for? [A]More time to play. [B]More food to eat. [C]More book to read. [D]More money to spend. 2. Mrs. Warren's Profession is one of George Bernard Shaw's plays. What is Mrs. Warren's profession then ? [A]Real estate. [B]Prostitution. [C]House-keeping. [D]Farming. 3. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. [A]immortality [B]political [C]money [D]knowledge 4. The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons” sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence′s . [A]Lady Chatterley's Lover [B]Women in love [C]Sons and Lovers [D]The Plumed Serpent 5.“Come to me－come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, in his deepest tone, speaking in my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make my happiness－I will make yours.” The above passage presents a scene in . [A]Emily Bronte's Withering Heights [B]Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre [C]John Galsworthy′s The Forsyte Saga [D]Thomas Hardy′s Tess of the D′Urbervilles 6.Which of the following is NOT written by William Butler Yeats? [A] “Sailing to Byzantium.” [B] “The Lake Isle of Innisfree.” [C] “Leda and the Swan.” [D] “The Waste Land.” 7. “Drive my dead thought over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth.“ （Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”） What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines? [A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor. [C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia. 8.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner （also known as Robinson Crusoe）by . [A]Jonathan Swift [B]Daniel Defoe [C]George Eliot [D]wrence 9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by . [A]John Keats [B]William Blake [C]William Wordsworth [D]Percy Bysshe Shelley 10.Christoper Marlow's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a （n） . [A]pastoral lyric [B]elegy [C]eulogy [D]epic 11.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? [A]Cultivation of the art of this world and this life. [B]Tolerance of human foibles. [C]Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture. [D]Glorification of religious faith. 12. “In dream vision Arthur witnessed the loveliness of Gloriana, and upon awaking resolves to seek her.” The two literary figures Arthur and Gloriana are form . [A]Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene [B]William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet [C]Christopher Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His love” [D]John Donne's “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” 13.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy's later works? [A]Sentimentalism. [B]Tragic sense. [C]Surrealism. [D]Comic sense. 14. “……This grew: I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped altogether……“ （Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”） The above lines imply that . [A]the Duchess was killed by her husband [B]the Duchess stopped smiling at her husband's order [C]the Duchess died of laughing too much [D]the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested 15.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,” “Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”? [A]James Joyce's Ulsses. [B]Charles Dickens's Bleak House. [C]Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. [D]D. H. Lawrence's Women in love. 16.As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope's . [A] “The Dunciad” [B] “An Essay on Man” [C] “An Essay on Criticism” [D] “The Rape of the lock” 17. “The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero's origin.” This novel is most probably . [A]Charles Dickens's David Copperfield [B]James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man [C]Thomas Hardy's Far from the Madding Growd [D]Henry Fielding's Tom Jones 18. “To wage by force or guile eternal war, Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.“（John Milton, Paradise lost） By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God? [A]By planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden. [B]By turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man's life. [C]By removing God from His throne. [D]By corrupting man and woman created by God. 19. “When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherized upon a table.“ （T. s. Eliot, “The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”） What does the image in the quoted lines suggest? [A]Violence. [B]Horror. [C]Inactivity. [D]Indifference. 20.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetry best represented by John Donne's works? [A]Common speech. [B]Conceit. [C]Argument. [D]Refined language. 21.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except . [A]normal contemporary speech patterns [B]humble and rustic life as subject matter [C]elegant wording and inflated figures of speech [D]intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience 22.In Samuel Taylor Coleridge′s “Kubla Khan,” “A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice” . [A]refers to the palace where Kubla Khan once lived [B]vividly describes a building of poor quality [C]is the gift given to a beautiful girl called Abyssinian [D]symbolizes the reconciliation of the conscious and the unconscious 23.The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around . [A]1820 [B]1850 [C]1880 [D]1920 24.The subject matter of Robert Frost's Poems focuses on . [A] ordinary country people and scenes [B]battle scenes of ancient Greek and Roman legends [C]struggling masses and crowded urban quarters [D]fantasies and mythical happenings 25.Which group of writers are among those who may be called early pioneers of American literature? [A]Mark Twain and Henry James. [B]Fenimore Cooper and Washington lrving. [C]Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner [D]Jack London and O'Henry. 26.To Theodore Dreiser, life is “so sad, so strange, so mysterious and so inexplicable.” No wonder the characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of and heredity. [A]fate [B]morality [C]social conventions [D]environment 27.Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction. [A]the evil in man's heart [B]the material pursuit [C]the racial conflict [D]the social inequality 28. provides the main source of influence on American naturalism. [A]The puritan heritage [B]Howells' ideas of realism [C]Darwin's theory of evolution [D]The pioneer spirit of the wild west 29.In Mark Twain's The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Huck writes a letter to inform against Jim, the escaped slave, and then he tears the letter up. This fact reveals that . [A]Huck has a mixed feeling of love and hate [B]there is a conflict between society and conscience in Huck [C]Huck is always an indecisive person [D]Huck has very little education 30.Which terms can best describe the modernists' concern of the human situation in their fiction? [A]Fragmentation and alienation. [B]Courage and honor. [C]Tradition and faith. [D]Poverty and desperation. 31.Whitman's poems are characterized by all the following features except . [A]a strict poetic form [B]a simple and conversational language [C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern [D]an easy flow of feelings 32.All his novels reveal that, as time went on, Mark Twain became increasingly . [A]prolific [B]artistic. [C]optimistic [D]pessimistic 33.The poem “I like to see it lap the Miles－” is an interesting poem written by Emily Dickinson. What does “it” in the poem stand for? [A]The hound. [B]The star. [C]The horse. [D]The train. 34.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Henry James's writing style? [A] exquisite and elaborate language [B]minute and detailed d e s c r i p t i o n s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] l e n g t h y p s y c h o l o g i c a l a n a l y s e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] A m e r i c a n c o l l o q u i a l i s m / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 3 5 . I n t h e b e g i n n i n g p a r a g r a p h o f C h a p t e r 3 , T h e G r e a t G a t s b y , F i t z g e r a l d d e s c r i b e s a b i g p a r t y b y s a y i n g t h a t m e n a n d g i r l s c a m e a n d w e n t l i k e m o t h s . T h e a u t h o r m o s t l i k e l y i n d i c a t e s t h a t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e r e w a s a c r o w d o f p a r t y - g o e r s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] s u c h l i f e d o e s n o t h a v e r e a l m e a n i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e s e p e o p l e w e r e l i g h t - h e a r t e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] t h e s e w e r e c r a z y a n d i g n o r a n t c h a r a c t e r s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 3 6 .I n H e m i n g w a y ' s I n d i a n C a m p , N i c k , t h e m a i n c h a r a c t e r , w i t n e s s e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] a t r a g i c k i l l i n g o f t h e I n d i a n s b y t h e w h i t e m e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] r e a l f r i e n d s h i p b e t w e e n t h e w h i t e m e n a n d t h e I n d i a n s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] a s e n s e l e s s k i l l i n g o f e a ch o t h e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] t e r r i b l e s c e n e s o f b i r t h a n d d e a t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 03 7 . W h i c h o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s N O T t r u e o f W i l l i a m F a u l k n e r ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 20 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] H e i s m a s t e r o f s t r e a m - o f - c o n s c i o u s n e s s n a r r a t i v e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 [ B ]H i s w r i t i n g i s o f t e n c o m p l e x a n d d i f f i c u l t t o u n d e r s t a n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] H e o f t e n d e p i c t s s l u m l i f e i n N e w Y o r k a n d C h i c a g o . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] H e r e p r e s e n t s a n e w g r o u p o f S o u t h e r n w r i t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 3 8 . A m e r i c a n T r a n s c e n d e n t a l i s t s m o s t t y p i c a l l y b e l i e v e t h a t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] m a n i s d i v i n e i n n a m e [ B ] a r t i s s u p e r i o r t o l i f e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] m a n c a n t r a n s f o r m n a t u r e [ D ] p o e t r y i s t h e h i g h e s t f o r m o f a r t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 0 0 3 9 . B y t h e e n d o f S i s t e r C a r r i e , D r e i s e r w r i t e s , I t w a s f o r e v e r t o t h e p u r s u i t o f t h a t r a d i a n c e o f d e l i g h t w h i c h t i n t s t h e d i s t a n t h i l l t o p s o f t h e w o r l d . D r e i s e r i m p li e s t h a t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e r e i s a b r i g h t f u t u r e l y i n g a h e a d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " >0 0 [ B ] t h e r e i s n o e n d t o m a n ' s d e s i r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] o n e s h o u l d a l w a y s b e f o r w a r d - l o o k i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a p p i n e s s i s f o u n d i n t h e e n d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 4 0 . W e c a n p e r h a p s d e s c r i b e E m i l y G r i e r s o n i n F a u l k n e r ' s s h o r t s t o r y A R o s e f o r E m i l y i n a l l t h e f o l l o w i n g w a y s e x c e p t t h a t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 [ A ] s h e i s p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y d e f o r m e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 [ B ] s h e i s w i c k e d a n d m o r a l l y c o r r u p t e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 [ C ] s h e i s a s y m b o l o f t h e O l d S o u t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 0 0 [ D ] s h e i s a p r i s o n e r a n d v i c t i m o f t h e p a s t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 P A R T T W O / p >。

英美文学考试及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪部作品是英国诗人威廉·华兹华斯的作品？A. 《荒原》B. 《抒情歌谣集》C. 《尤利西斯》D. 《失乐园》答案：B2. 以下哪位作家被誉为“美国文学之父”？A. 爱伦·坡B. 华盛顿·欧文C. 马克·吐温D. 亨利·詹姆斯答案：B3. 《了不起的盖茨比》的作者是谁？A. 欧·亨利B. 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德C. 约翰·斯坦贝克D. 威廉·福克纳答案：B4. 以下哪部作品是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作？A. 《简·爱》B. 《雾都孤儿》C. 《呼啸山庄》D. 《傲慢与偏见》答案：B5. 《简·爱》的作者是谁？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 乔治·艾略特C. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特D. 艾米莉·勃朗特答案：C6. 以下哪部作品是现代主义文学的代表作？A. 《荒原》B. 《远大前程》C. 《大卫·科波菲尔》D. 《名利场》答案：A7. 以下哪位诗人是“湖畔派”诗人？A. 威廉·华兹华斯B. 约翰·弥尔顿C. 托马斯·哈代D. 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生答案：A8. 《白鲸》的作者是谁？A. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔B. 埃德加·爱伦·坡C. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑D. 华盛顿·欧文答案：A9. 以下哪部作品是亨利·詹姆斯的代表作？A. 《好兵之死》B. 《贵妇人的画像》C. 《红字》D. 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》答案：B10. 《呼啸山庄》的作者是谁？A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 乔治·艾略特D. 简·奥斯汀答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 威廉·莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和________。

全国自考英美文学选读（综合）模拟试卷4(总分18, 做题时间90分钟)2. 阅读理解1.For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Questions:A. Identify the author and the title.B. What does the phrase "inward eye" mean?C. Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. Wordsworth, I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud. B. Human soul.C. The poet expresses his love for the daffodils.2." I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ageshence;Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference. "Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What additional meaning do the two roads have?C. What dilemma is the speaker facing?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken. B. Life is **pared to a journey. The two roads stand for the choice one has to make at a critical moment in his life. C. Since where the road leads to is uncertain, one has to wait to see the result of the choice until one' s life is coming to an end. Then it will be too late. The speaker acknowledges the limits of life, yet he indulges himself in the notion that we could be really different from what we have become, because life is unpredictable.3. 简答题1.Briefly discuss the features of Fielding' s writings.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：Fielding' s language is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm, and his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness.2."Let it not be supposed by the enemies of ' the system' , that, during the period of his solitary incarceration , Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation. "What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. The sentence is a typical example of irony. What Dickens intends to say is just the opposite of the sentence' s literal meaning. B. For the "benefit" of exercise, Oliver was whipped every morning in a stone yard; for the "pleasure"of society, he was carried every other day into the dining hall and flogged as a public warning and example to the boys; and as for the "advantages"of religious consolation, he was kicked into the same apartment every evening at prayer time and listened to the boys' prayer to be guarded against his sins and vices. C. The ironic statement is, in fact, a bitter denunciation and fierce attack at the brutal, inhuman treatment of the poor orphan by the workhouse authority.3.Please analyze The Waste Land by Eliot.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. With bold technical innovations in versification and style, the poem not only presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation in the modern Western world, but also reflects the prevalent mood of disillusionment and despair of a whole post-war generation. B. The Waste Land is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose. The poem has developed a whole setof historical, cultural and religious themes; but it is often regarded as being primarily a reflection of the 20th-century people' s disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.4.Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers in American literature. How is Mark Twain' s realismdifferent from James' s realism?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. Mark Twain' s realism is tainted with local color, preferring to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. B. James' s realism is concerned with the "inner world" of man. C. James' s realism is also concerned with the international theme. D. Mark Twain' s language is simple and colloquial. E. Mark Twain employs humor in his writing. F. James ' s language is elaborate and refined with lengthy psychological analyses.4. 论述题1.What are the differences between the Neoclassical period and the Romantic period?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity , harmony and grace. Pope' s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit (usually through satire/humour) , and simplicity in language (and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals, too) ; Fielding' s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray' s " Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction. B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be "spontaneous overflow of strong feelings" , and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were( Wordsworth' s "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" , or "The Solitary Reaper" , or Coleridge' s "Kubla Khan" ) , the value of the work liedin the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes. C. In a word, Neo-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to die individual' s mind ( emotion, imagination, temporary experience...).2.Please mark a **ment on Hawthorne' s Young Goodman Brown.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. Goodman Brown, a Puritan who lives in the village of Salem, leaves his wife Faith, who pleads him not to go, to attend a witches' Sabbath in the woods. There, he astonishingly finds lots of prominent people of the village and the church. When he is about to be confirmed into the group, he finds his wife Faith is also there beside him. He immediately cries out "look up to Heaven and resist the wicked one" , only to find he is alone in the forest. He returns to his home, but since then lives a dismal and gloomy life because he is never able to believe in goodness or piety again. B. Young Goodman Brown is one of Hawthorne' s most profound tales. In the manner ofits concern with guilt and evil, it exemplifies what Melville called the " power of blackness" in Hawthorne' s work. Its hero, a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard, is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful. Allegorically, our protagonist becomes an Everyman named Brown, a "young" man, who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol. However, the storyis manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer, and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.3.Symbolism is an important literary practice in literature and it has been widely used by many American writers. Discuss the way symbolism is used in Faulkner' s story A Rose for Emily.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 2答案:正确答案：A. Rose, as a symbol of love, may refer to the love betweenEmily and the Northerner, yet used rather ironically, in the way it is associated with decay and death in the story. B. Rose could also stand for the pity, sympathy, or the lament "we" shows for Emily. C. The pity and lament goes not only to Emily but all those who are imprisoned in the past and fail to adapt to the change. D. Discuss in relation to the story.1。