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小学生英语名词的复数形式基本纲要

小学生英语名词的复数形式基本纲要
小学生英语名词的复数形式基本纲要

小学英语名词复数形式归纳

规则名词变化:

一、一般情况下,直接在该词末尾加-s。

读音变化:加-s在清辅音[p][t][k] [f]后读[s],在浊辅音和元音后读[z],在辅音[s][z][d?]后读[iz],

口诀:清清浊浊元浊,结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例:friend-friends; cat-cats; sport-sports;

cups-cups, cake-cakes, flag-flags, face-faces

book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

二、凡以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加-es构成复数。

读音变化:统一加读[iz]。

例:bus→buses; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes ;class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes;brush-brushes.

三、以y结尾

(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。

读音变化:加读[z]。

例:candy→candies; lady→ladies; story→stories;

party-parties; family-families; story-stories; city-cities;

strawberry-strawberries;

country-countries, study-studies, fairy→fairies; daisy→daisies.

(2)以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y”结尾,直接加-s,读[z].

如:boy-boys; toy—toys; ray-rays; day-days;key-keys.

四、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,读音变

化:尾音[f]改读[vz]

例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves;

half---halves ; wolf---wolves;loaf-loaves, wife---wives; thief---thieves;staff→staves; scarf→scarves。

注意:也有例外,加-s,读[s]:

例:roof-roofs屋顶; proof-proofs;证明、证据 belief---beliefs; chief-chiefs; safe---safes; gulf---gulfs.

两者皆可的有:如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

五、以-o结尾的名词:

1、以-o结尾的名词,加-s构成复数,读[z];

photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园;piano→pianos

钢琴; bamboo-bamboos竹子.

2、特例:以-o结尾的名词,加-es,读音变化:加读[z]

hero-heroes英雄, Negro-Negroes黑人, potato-potatoes土豆, tomato-tomatoes

西红柿; mosquito-mosquites蚊子。

3、两者皆可 volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 火山;zero-zeros/zeroes斑马, mango-mangoe/ mangoes芒果。

六、以-th结尾的名词加-s :

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

不规则名词复数:

一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化:保持原音。

例:fish-fish; sheep-sheep; cattle-cattle; deer-deer; salmon-salmon ;cannon -cannon; trout-trout 鳟鱼;

Chinese;Germans ;Swiss ;Japanese。

二、少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化:没有规律。

例:man-men; woman-women; child-children; person-people; foot-feet;

tooth-teeth; goose-geese, mouse-mice.

三、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别含义,

例: waters(水域); fishes(各种)鱼;times(时代);drinks(饮料); looks(外表),papers(文件报纸),

brains(头脑智力), sands(沙滩),goods(货物),

customs(海关), forces(军队), spirits(情绪), manners(礼貌), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

四、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例:bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤;

scissors剪刀; shears大剪刀;trousers长裤; wages工资;spectacles,glasses,眼镜。

若表达具体数目,要借助数量词

例:pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

五、合成名词

1、将主体名词变为复数:

例:daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law →fathers-in-law岳父

maid-servant → maid-servants

story-teller → story-tellers,

boy friend → boy friends。

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数:

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches.

将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants。

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小学英语名词变复数练习题

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