研究生英语试题2009.01

2009年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”，suppose 表示“假设”，observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。

2. A.本题考查动词短语，happen to(碰巧)，fear to(唯恐…)，be threatened to被恐吓…。

tend to do表示“有…倾向，往往…”，代入文中表示比较聪明的果蝇往往寿命较短。

3. D.本题考查形容词，lighter更轻的，thinner更瘦的，stabler更稳定的，dimmer 比较暗淡的，本句是前一句推出的结论，即由“果蝇越聪明寿命越短”推出“灯泡越暗使用时间越长”。

4. B.本题考查名词。

由前半句“灯泡越暗使用时间越长”推出“这是不特别亮的灯泡的一个优点”。

tendency倾向，advantage优势，inclination倾向，priority优先权。

5. C.本题考查动词短语，turns out证明是，insist on坚持，sum up总结，put forward 提出。

6. A.本题考查介词，off表示离开。

代入文中表示离开起点时。

7. D.incredible难以置信的，spontaneous自发的，inevitable不可避免的，gradual 渐进的。

学习是一个渐进的过程，所以选gradual.8. C.本文的主旨是智力需要昂贵的代价。

大量的物种会学习，但它们首先学会的是知道什么时候停止学习，与上文的例子灯泡呼应。

四个选项中，fight表示斗争，doubt表示怀疑，stop表示停止，think表示思考，正确答案为C9. B.本题考查形容词，修饰intelligence。

invisible看不见的，indefinite不确定的，这两个选项意思不符合，排除。

2009考研英语答案【篇一：2009年考研英语真题及详解】p class=txt>section Ⅰ use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a,b,c or d on answer sheet 1.(10 points)research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are _____ the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmer’s piece in the science times on tuesday. fruit files who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly ______ to live shorter lives. this suggests that ____ bulbs bum longer, that there is an _____ in not being too terrifically bright.intelligence, it _____ out, is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep. bums more fuel and is slow _____ the starting line because it depends on learning – a gradual ____ - instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to _____.is there an adaptive value to ______ intelligence? that’s the question behind this new research. i like it. instead of casting a wistful glance _____ at all the species we’ve left in the dusti.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ____ of our own intelligence might be. this is ______ the mind of every animal i’ve ever met.research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would _____ on humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, _____ , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that ____ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ______ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain, they would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really______, not merely how much of it there is. ______. they would hope to study a _____ question; are humans actually aware of the world they live in?_____ the result are inconclusive.1. [a]suppose [b]consider [c]observe [d]imagine2. [a]tended[b]feared [c]happened [d]threatened3. [a] thinner [b]stabler [c]lighter[d]dimmer4. [a]tendency [b]advantage [c]inclination[d]priority5. [a]insists on [b]sums up [c]turns out [d]puts forward6. [a]off[b]behind[c]over[d]along7. [a]incredible[b]spontaneous [c]inevitable [d]gradual8. [a]fight [b]doubt [c]stop[d]think9. [a]invisible [b]limit [c]indefinite [d]different10. [a]upward [b]forward [c]afterward [d]backward11．[a]features[b]influences[c]results[d]costs12．[a]outside[b]on[c]by[d]across13．[a]deliver[b]carry[c]perform[d]apply14．[a]by chance[b] in contrast[c]as usual[d]for instance15．[a]if[b]unless[c]as[d]lest16．[a]moderate[b]overcome[c]determine[d]reach17．[a]at[b]for[c]after[d]with18．[a]above all[b]after all[c]however[d]otherwise19．[a]fundamental[b]comprehensive[c]equivalent[d]hostile20．[a]by accident[b]in time[c]so far[d]better stillsection Ⅱ reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts, answer the questions beloweach text by choosing a,b,c or d. mark your answers onanswer sheet 1. (40 points)text1habit are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―not choice, but habit rules the ueflecting herd,‖ william wordsworth said in the 19th century.in the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ carries a negative connotation.so it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.all of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says, researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges infour primary ways; analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. at puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought .―this breaks the major rule in the american belief system — that anyone can do anything,‖ explains m.j. ryan, author of the 2006 book ―this year i will…‖ and ms. markova’s business partner. ―that’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness knowing w hat you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.‖ this is where developing new habits comes in.21. the view of wordsworth habit is claimed by being_______.a. usualb. familiarc. mechanicald. changeable22. the researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be________.a. predictedb. regulatedc. tracedd. guided23. ―ruts‖ (in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaningto__________.a. tracksb. seriesc. characteristicsd. connections24. ms, markova’s comments sugg est that the practice of standard testing _______?a. prevents new habits form being formedb. no longer emphasizes commonnessc. maintains the inherent american thinking moded. complies with the american belief system25. ryn most probably agree that_______.a. ideas are born of a relaxing mindb. innovativeness could be taughtc. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasd. curiosity activates creative mindstext 2it is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. all he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (ptk) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.more than 60,000 people have purchased the ptks since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to doug fog, chief operating officer of identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. more than two dozen companies sell dna tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing. which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists- and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots. most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing, all tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare dna.but some observers are skeptical, ―there is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing.‖ says trey duster, a new york university sociologist. he notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial dna, which a passed down only from mothers, this dna can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. this means that a dna database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. in addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. in paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows ptk’s ________.[a]easy availability[b]flexibility in pricing[c]successful promotion[d]popularity with households27. ptk is used to __________.[a] locate one’s birth place[b]promote genetic research[c]identify parent-child kinship[d]choose children for adoption28. skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to________.[a]trace distant ancestors[b]rebuild reliable bloodlines[c]fully use genetic information[d]achieve the claimed accuracy29. in the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _________.[a] disorganized data collection[b]overlapping database building30. an appropriate title for the text is most likely to be _______.[a] fors and againsts of dna testing[b] dna testing and it’s pr oblems[c]dna testing outside the lab[d] lies behind dna testingtext 3the relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. we are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. the findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the united states. not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and japan at its pre-bubble peak. the u.s. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor u.s. economic performance. japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. yet theresearch revealed that the u.s. factories of honda nissan, and toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their japanese counter e pants a result of the training that u.s. workers received on the job.more recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-english-speaking mexican workers in houston, texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.what is the real relationship between education and economic development? we have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. after all, that’s how education got started. when our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.as education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. this increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance, thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. a lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. the author holds in paragraph i that the important of education in poor countries _______.[a]is subject groundless doubts[b]has fallen victim of bias[c]is conventional downgraded[d]has been overestimated32. it is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system _________.[a]challenges economists and politicians[b]takes efforts of generations[c]demands priority from the government[d]requires sufficient labor force33. a major difference between the japanese and u.s workforces is that _________.[a]the japanese workforce is better disciplined[b]the japanese workforce is more productive[c]the u.s workforce has a better education[d]the u.s workforce is more organize34. the author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _______.[a]when people had enough time[b]prior to better ways of finding food[c]when people on longer went hung[d]as a result of pressure on government35. according to the last paragraph, development of education _____________.[a]results directly from competitive environments[b]does not depend on economic performance[c]follows improved productivity[d]cannot afford political changesthe most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century new england, according to the standard history of american philosophy, nowhere else in colonial america was ―so much important attac hed to intellectual pursuits‖ according to many books and articles, new england’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding. dominant puritan tradition in american intellectual life.to take this approach to the new englanders normally mean to start with the puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. but in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original puritans as carriers of european culture adjusting to new world circumstances. the new england colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely under stood ideals of civility and virtuosity.the early settlers of massachusetts bay included men of impressive education and influence in england. besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to massachusettschurch in the decade after 1629. there were political leaders like john winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the crown before he journeyed to boston, there men wrote and published extensively, reaching both new world and old world audiences, and giving new england an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.we should not forget, however, that most new englanders were less well educated, while few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, the in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. a tailor named john dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving england that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words. ―come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and i will be your god and you shall be my people.‖ one wonders what dane thought of the careful sermons【篇二：2009年考研英语一真题(附答案)】txt>section iuse of english research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmer?s piece in the science times on tuesday. fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2to live shorter lives. this suggests that 3bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning - a gradual 7 - instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they?ve apparently learned is when to 8 .is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? that?s the question behind this new research. i like it. instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we?ve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. this is 12the mind of every animal i?ve ever met.research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13on humans if they had thechance. every cat with an owner, 14, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. they would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is.18 , they would hope to study a 19question: are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20the results are inconclusive.1. [a] suppose [b] consider[c] observe [d] imagine2. [a] tended [b] feared [c] happened [d] threatened3. [a] thinner [b] stabler [c] lighter [d] dimmer4. [a] tendency [b] advantage [c] inclination [d] priority5. [a] insists on [b] sums up [c] turns out [d] puts forward6. [a] off[b] behind [c] over [d] along7. [a] incredible [b] spontaneous[c]inevitable [d] gradual8. [a] fight[b] doubt [c] stop [d] think9. [a] invisible [b] limited [c] indefinite[d] different10. [a] upward [b] forward [c] afterward[d] backward11. [a] features [b] influences [c] results[d] costs12. [a] outside [b] on [c] by [d] across13. [a] deliver [b] carry [c]perform [d] apply14. [a] by chance[b] in contrast [c] as usual [d] for instance15. [a] if[b] unless [c] as [d] lest16. [a] moderate [b] overcome [c] determine[d] reach17. [a] at [b] for[c] after [d] with18. [a] above all [b] after all [c] however[d] otherwise19. [a] fundamental[b] comprehensive [c] equivalent[d] hostile20. [a] by accident[b] in time[c] so far [d] better stillsection ii reading comprehensionpart atext1habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “not choice, but habit rules the ueflecting herd,” william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. so it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synapticpaths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.but don?t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they?re there to stay. instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“the first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says dawna markova, author of “the open mind” and an executive change consultant for professional thinking partners. “but we are t aught instead to ?decide,? just as our president calls himself ?the decider.? ” she adds, however, that “todecide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”all of us work through problems in ways of which we?re unaware, she says. researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. at puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “this breaks the major rule in the american belief system - that anyone can do anything,” explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book “this year i will...” and ms. ma rkova?s business partner. “that?s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. knowing what you?re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” this is where developing new habits comes in.21. the view of wordsworth habit is claimed by beinga. casualb. familiarc. mechanicald. changeable.22. the researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can bea. predictedb. regulatedc. tracedd. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toa. tracksb. seriesc. characteristicsd. connections24. ms. markova?s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ? a, prevents new habits form being formed b, no longer emphasizes commonnessc, maintains the inherent american thinking modeld, complies with the american belief system25. ryan most probably agree thata. ideas are born of a relaxing mindb. innovativeness could be taughtc. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasd. curiosity activates creative mindstext 2it is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom - or at least confirm that he?s the kid?s dad. all he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (ptk) at his local drugstore - and another $120 to get the results.more than 60,000 people have purchased the ptks since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to doug fog, chief operating officer of identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. more than two dozen companies sell dna tests directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family?s geographic roots .most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. all tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare dna.but some observers are skeptical, “there is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says trey duster, a new york university sociologist. he notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the y chromosome inherited through men in a father?s line or mitochondrial dna, which a passed down only from mothers. this dna can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generationsback people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. databases used by some companies don?t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information fromdifferent research projects. this means that a dna database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. in addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.in paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows ptk?s ___________.[a]easy availability[b]flexibility in pricing[c] successful promotion[d] popularity with households27. ptk is used to __________.[a]locate one?s birth place[b]promote genetic research[c] identify parent-child kinship [d] choose children for adoption28. skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing failsto__________.[a]trace distant ancestors [b] rebuild reliable bloodlines[c] fully use genetic information [d] achieve the claimed accuracy29. in the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[a]disorganized data collection[b] overlapping database building30. an appropriate title for the text is most likely tobe__________.[a]fors and againsts of dna testing[b] dna testing and it?s problems[c]dna testing outside the lab[d] lies behind dna testingtext 3the relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic developmentin poor countries is wrong. we are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. the findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and,as a result, radically higher standards of living.ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the united states. not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and japan at its pre-bubble peak. the u.s. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor u.s. economic performance. japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. yet the research revealed that the u.s. factories of honda nissan, and toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their japanese countere pants a result of the training that u.s. workers received on the job. more recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-english- speaking mexican workers in houston, texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the buildingindustry?s work.what is the real relationship between education and economic development? we have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don?t force it. after all, that?s how education got started. when our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn?t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.as education improved, humanity?s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. this increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without politicalchanges that may be possible only with broader formal education. a lack of formal education, however, doesn?t constrain the ability of the developing world?s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn?t developing more quickly there than it is.31. the author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[a] is subject groundless doubts[b] has fallen victim of bias[c] is conventional downgraded[d] has been overestimated32. it is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[a]challenges economists and politicians[b]takes efforts of generations[c] demands priority from the government[d] requires sufficient labor force33.a major difference between the japanese and u.s workforces is that __________.[a] the japanese workforce is better disciplined[b] the japanese workforce is more productive[c]the u.s workforce has a better education[d] ]the u.s workforce is more organize34. the author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[a] when people had enough time[b] prior to better ways of finding food[c] when people on longer went hung[d] as a result of pressure on government35. according to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[a] results directly from competitive environments[b] does not depend on economic performance[c] follows improved productivity[d] cannot afford political changes【篇三：1986—2009考研英语真题及参考答案】s=txt>1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题section i: structure and vocabulary。

9. A) Saturday morning B) Saturday afternoon.C) Sunday morning. D) Sunday afternoon.10. A) In October. B) She isn't certain.C) In April. D) Between April and October.2) 听短文（3段）Directions: In this section you will hear some short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Write your answer on the answer sheet.第一段.11. How did the speaker and his wife get around in London?A) By taxis. B) By bus. C) On foot. D) By car.12. Which of the following places haven’t they been to during their stay in London?A) Buckingham Palace. B) Oxford Street.C) The National Gallery. D) The British Museum.13. What could they do in London that they can’t do at home?A) Have some very good meals. B) Go shopping.C) See some very good plays. D) Do sightseeing.14. Which of the following is NOT true about the couple?A) They thought English food is bad.B) They will visit London again.C) They visited London last October.D) They didn’t take their umbrella last year.第二段15. In which seasons is basketball played?A) Spring, autumn and winter. B) Autumn, winter and summer.C) Winter, summer and spring. D) Summer, spring and autumn.16. Why is basketball considered a school sport?A) Every student can play basketball well.B) Students play basketball every day.C) All schools and colleges have their basketball teams.D) Students are taught to play basketball at school.17. Which is the most popular sport in summer in America?A) Football. B) V olleyball. C) Baseball. D) Basketball.第三段18. What kinds of shops are mentioned in the United States and Europe?A) Shops that sell cats and dogs.B) Shops that take care of cats and dogs.C) Shops that provide medical treatment for pets.D) Shops that sell jewelry, clothing and food for pets.19. Why do most people own pets?A) to have good and friendly company. B) To make them live a good life.C) To keep away unwanted animals. D) To keep away loneliness.20. Do pets and people around the world all live in the same way?A) No, they don't. B) Yes, they do.C) It's hard to say. D) The passage doesn't tell.Part Two: 阅读理解(20% )Directions: There are FOUR passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the answer sheet.第一段Among the more interesting things to observe as you travel in the world are the ways in which people conduct themselves at parties. In some countries men and women drift to opposite ends of the room and talk to one another; in others they sit in large chairs around the edge of the room and talk only to the people on either side of them, or silently eat and observe the scene.It is normal in some lands for a person to remain patiently silent until he has been introduced, then to talk only to those whom he has "met properly."As you would imagine, Americans move about a great deal at parties. At small gatherings they may sit down, but as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room or better yet, a little before this point you will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his feet (to fetch a drink or greet a friend or open a window) until soon everyone is standing, moving around, chatting with one group and then another. We expect people to move about and be "self-starters." It is quite normal for Americans to introduce themselves: they will drift around a room stopping to talk wherever they like, introducing themselves and their companions. If this happens, you are expected to reply by giving your name and introducing the person with you; then at least the men generally shake hands. Sometimes the women do so as well, but often they merely nod and smile. A man usually shakes a woman's hand only if she extends it. Otherwise he too just nods and greets her.The basic rule at big parties is: don't stay in one place for too long. Pick out people who you think look interesting, then go talk to them. Women should not clusterin a group with each other or hide themselves away in a corner. They too move around the room either with their husbands or escorts or alone, whichever they prefer, unless they are strategically located (and attractive!) so that people keep coming up to them. The point of a party is to meet and talk with people; the fact that you are all there together under your host's roof is in itself a form of introduction in our view. As a result, anyone can feel free to talk to anyone else.When you first arrive at a large party, the host or hostess may introduce you to two or three people nearby, but if others are still arriving, he or she may then return to greet newcomers, expecting you to go on by yourself, moving from group to group. If this feels too uncomfortable and frightening, it is quite all right to say to someone, "I am a stranger here and know no one. Could you introduce me to some of the people?" Almost anyone will feel flattered that you turned to him for help and will gladly take you under his wing, introducing you and easing your discomfort.21. This article discusses ___.A) all kinds of parties B) people's activities at partiesC) all kinds of people at parties D) how people should behave at parties22. By saying "We expect people to move about and be “self-starters” the author suggests __.A) introducing yourself actively to other peopleB) being introduced by the host or hostessC) being introduced by other peopleD) starting out23. What's the author's attitude towards American's moving around at parties?A) Agreeable. B) Disagreeable. C) Critical D) Indifferent.24. From the last paragraph we know that ___.A) the host or hostess may introduce all the other guests to youB) you should not speak to strangersC) strangers are willing to introduce themselves to youD) strangers are willing to introduce you to others if you ask for their help25. From this article we can conclude that at parties __.A) we should stay aloneB) we should try to get ourselves known to more peopleC) we only talk to people we are familiar withD) we just nod and greet women but don't shake hands with them第二段It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. CarefulAmerican studies have disclosed the fact that 80 per cent of mothers cradle their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females, but not enough to provide an adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 per cent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but then so do 78 per cent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 per cent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body. Could it be that the sound of her heart-beat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixated ("imprinted") on the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the rediscovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frighteningly new world outside. If this is so then the mother, either instinctively or by an unconscious series of trials and errors, would soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart, than on the right.26. The first paragraph mainly talks about ______.A) the correct ways to hold a babyB) the position in which most mothers hold their babiesC) the significant difference between right-handed and left- handed mothersD) the predominance of right-handedness in the population27. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The predominance of right-handedness could not fully explain why mostmothers hold their babies on the left sideB) Most mothers love to fondle, cuddle and clean their babies.C) There is a slight difference between right-handed and left- handed mothers inthe way of holding their babies.D) Most mothers hold their babies on the left side in order to keep their dominantright arm free to do other things.28. The word "emerges" in the first paragraph can best be replaced by ______.A) turns out B) looks like C) shows D) seems29. The word "it" in "especially as it has just been. . . " of the second paragraph refers to ______.A) the infantB) the mother's bodyC) the sound of the mother's heart-beatD) the rediscovery of the familiar sound30. We can learn from the passage that ______.A) most left-handed mothers hold their babies on the right sideB) only right-handed mothers prefer to hold their babies on the right sideC) the sound of the mother's heart-beat might have a calming effect on the babyD) it is after birth that the baby begins to get used to the sound of the mother'sheart-beat第三段Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.31. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.A) he has saved up enough moneyB) he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC) he has satisfied his hungerD) he has learned to build houses32. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II most Americans ______.A) were very richB) lived in povertyC) had the good things on the first three levelsD) did not own automobiles33. Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?A) A successful career. B) A cozy home.C) A good service. D) A family car.34. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?A)The more goods the better.B) The more mental satisfaction the better.C) The more“luxury” items the better.D) The more earnings the better.35. The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ______.A) would be little better than the fourth levelB) may be a lot more desirable than the first fourC) can be the last and most satisfying levelD) will become attainable provided the government takes actions第四段The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the death on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological conditions of the drivers. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make aconscious effort to keep emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle-walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the ‘points of manufacture’and through periodic roadworthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.36. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicles is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.37. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because ________.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe38. The author mentions the psychological condition of the driver in paragraph 3 ________.A) to give an example of the various reasons for road accidentsB) to show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthyC) to show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchersD) to illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving39. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accident?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufacturers of automobiles.40. The author's attitude toward a future without traffic accident is ________.A) doubtful yet still longing for itB) happy and rather confidentC) surprised and very pleasedD) disappointed and deeply worriedPart Three: 完型填空(10% )Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with some blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sometimes it is better not to know the __ (41) __ of a country that you are visiting __ (42) __ it is to know just a little of it. The __ (43) __ is this: the natives of your __ (44) __ country will often rush to __ (45) __ you if you seem completely lost and helpless. But they will usually misunderstand your small __ (46) __ to speak their language. They will think that you know __ (47) __ more than you do. For example, I once asked three people __ (48) __ carefully memorized phrasebook Spanish how to get to a bus station in Mexico City. __ (49) __ each of them poured out a flood of __ (50) __ Spanish. The result was __ (51) __ I didn't understand a word and __ (52) __ around for an hour before I found the station. __ (53) __ I had missed the bus. The next time I encountered a(n ) __ (54) __ like this in another city, I was a lot __ (55) __, so I acted dumbly. Trying to look very pitiful, I __ (56) __ a stranger and asked simply, "Bus station?" He __ (57) __ told me how to get there; he showed me the __ (58) __, walking three blocks out of his __ (59) __ to help a poor, dumb and helpless __ (60) __.41. A) conventions B) customs C) people D) language42. A) if B) unless C) than D) when43. A) cause B) reason C) explanation D) account44. A) host B) home C) foreign D) visiting45. A) help B) show C) tell D) direct46. A) intentions B) attempts C) gestures D) motions47. A) a little B) no C) a lot D) many48. A) with B) by C) from D) in49. A) In fact B) In turn C) In reply D) In charge50. A) complicated B) detailed C) speaking D) academic51. A) then B) what C) so D) that52. A) wandered B) waited C) looked D) travelled53. A) Before long B) Soon after C) By then D) Just then54. A) accident B) chance C) opportunity D) situation55. A) smarter B) clever C) intelligent D) knowledgeable56. A) met B) stopped C) caught D) grabbed57. A) at once B) at first C) not only D) right away58. A) route B) road C) street D) place59. A) place B) house C) direction D) way60. A) loser B) stranger C) layman D) comerPart Four: 词汇及语法结构(20% )（20小题）Directions: In this part，there are some incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.61. Eventually it ________ that not one word of his story to the police was true.A) came off B) came on C) came out D) came up62. The money I've saved is my ________ against hardship.A) safety B) choice C) luxury D) security63. Take a deep _________ and you will feel better.A) air B) look C) breath D) consideration64. The manager said that his secretary usually opened the _________ delivered to the office every morning.A) presents B) mail C) milk D) goods65. A man who lacks _________ will hardly achieve anything.A) luck B) solution C) resolution D) culture66. Jim told a joke which made the whole class ________ with laughter.A) roar B) reflect C) explain D) amplify67. The thieves ________ the papers all over the room while they were searching for the money.A) scattered B) scolded C) screwed D) scratched68. Some creatures, for example, lizards, can ________ lost parts of their bodies, but we human beings can not.A) produce B) reproduce C) develop D) cultivate69. I saw a thief take Norman's wallet, so I ran _______ him, but I didn't catch him.A) into B) after C) over D) near70. He died _______ his life work still unfinished.A) before B) but C) with D) while71. I cannot make an intelligent decision before I look into both sides of the question, ______.A) the dean cannot, too B) neither can the deanC) the dean can neither D) either the dean cannot72. Are you helping to organize the political convention?" "I'm in charge of welcoming the ______."A) out-of-town visitors B) visitors from outside of townC) visitors out-of-town D) outside town visitors73. ______ the book a second time, and you will probably have quite different interpretations of the events described in it.A) If you were to read B) Read C) As you read D) Reading74. ______ breaks the law will be fined or put in jail.A) No matter who B) Whoever C) Those who D) Whenever one75. He is such a careless person that I will be surprised ____________ he doesn't have an accident.A) whether B) if C) as long as D) on condition that76. I have the impression __________ all the pupils of this class are interested in English.A) which B) of which C) that D) of that77. ___________ at New York University, Peter was elected chairman of the student union and organized many exciting activities.A) When being a student B) When he is a studentC) As a student D) As being a student78. When a friend gave Jim a ticket, he ____________ to the game.A) couldn't help but go B) can't help but goC) couldn't help but going D) can't help but going79. ______ the people have become masters of their own country______ science can really serve the people.A) It is only then/that B) It was that/whenC) It is only when/that D) It was when/then80. ______ all his friends and money gone, he felt totally hopeless.A) For B) Since C) Because D) With（以上80题答案请写在答题卡上，谢谢）2009年金陵协和神学院研究生入学考试答题卡准考证号_____________ 1．41.2．42.3. 43.4．44.5．45.6．46.7．47.8．48.9．49.10．50.11．51.12．52.13．53.14．54.15．55.16．56.17．57.18．58.19．59.20．60.21．61.22．62.23．63.24．64.25．65.26．66.27．67.28．68.29．69.30．70.31．71.32．72.33．73.34．74.35．75.36．76.37．77.38．78.39．79.40．80.试卷B 写作及神学英语部分写作(10% 150字以上)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Living in the City or in the Country". The first sentence of each paragraph is given. Your part of writing should be no less than 150 words.1. Many people appreciate the convenience of the city.________2. The countryside is attractive with its rural scenes.________3. However, both the city and the country have their own disadvantages.________神学英语一、词汇（10%）要求给出简单的英文解释1. Ascension：2. Fideism:3. Providence:4. Merit:5. Immortality:二、阅读理解（15%，可用中文回答）A．For Asians, the spirituality of Christianity is more important than dogmatics defined and explained in Western rational categories. Christianity must be seen and experienced as a spiritual force. Asian Christian theologians argue that alongside the great religions of their continent, Christianity cannot continue to claim to be the one and only true religion. It is definitely a true religion, but God is ever greater and Gods’ presence has revealed itself through other spiritual traditions. Reflections on the story of Noah and God’s covenant made with humanity (Gn. 9:1-7) suggest that the growth and development of diverse cultures with their own religious traditions correspond to the great blessing pronounced by God after the flood. Because of God’s universal will to save (I Tm.2:4), it is unthinkable that God would exclude entire continents from divine love and care. God gifted each people with a specific wisdom and revelation. As the Christian scriptures are a source of divine revelation, so too in their way are the scriptures of the world religions.6. According to the passage, what is the feature of Asian Christianity? (2%)7. What is Asian Christian theologians’ attitude toward other religions? (5%)He held that God has with him from eternity his Word and his Wisdom. But for him these two simply coincide with the beginning of God and have nothing to do with the second and third persons of the Trinity. The Word, on the other hand, which in Jesus Christ became flesh, is a creature of God, created by him out of nothing before the beginning of time. Not that he puts the Son on the same plane with other creatures. According to him the Son is a perfect creature, but he is not a creature in the sense in which other creatures are. In referring to the Son as a creature, says he, one should not speak of a generation of the Son, since this would bring him too close to the Father. Only in a derivative sense should the word “generation” ever be used. Under no circumstances may any unity of substance between Father and Son be asserted. This is for him the worst heresy. What must be said instead is that God was not always Father, but that there was a time when he was alone and was not yet Father. Only later did he become Father. Immutability may not be asserted of the Son as it can of the Father. The Son may be called God, to be sure, but his divinity is not an attribute of his being. It is something bestowed upon him by God’s grace.8. What does the underlined word “Immutability” mean? (1%)9. According to the passage, what is the relationship between the Father and the Son? (6%)10. Whose point of view do you think is the passage concerned with? (1%)三、翻译（15%）请将划线部分译成汉语。

2009英语一考研真题2009 年英语一考研真题是众多考研学子备考过程中的重要参考资料。

这一年的真题涵盖了阅读理解、写作、翻译等多个部分，全面考察了考生的英语语言能力和综合应用能力。

在阅读理解部分，文章题材多样，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文艺术等领域。

题目设置既注重对文章细节的理解，也考察了考生对整体主旨的把握，以及对作者观点态度的分析。

例如，有一篇关于环境保护与经济发展关系的文章，要求考生理解文中提出的各种观点和论据，并能够在选项中准确判断出符合文意的内容。

写作部分则要求考生具备清晰的逻辑思维和良好的语言表达能力。

大作文通常是看图写作，考生需要根据所给的图片准确理解其寓意，并结合社会现象进行深入分析和阐述。

小作文可能是书信、通知等实用文体，考查考生在特定情境下的英语应用能力。

翻译部分的句子结构较为复杂，涉及到多种语法和词汇的运用。

考生需要准确理解原文的意思，并用通顺、符合中文表达习惯的语言进行翻译。

在备考 2009 年英语一考研真题时，考生需要认真分析每一道题的出题思路和解题技巧。

对于阅读理解，要提高阅读速度和理解能力，学会快速抓取关键信息。

在写作方面，要积累常用的句型和词汇，多进行模拟写作练习，并且注意语法和拼写错误。

翻译部分则需要加强对长难句的分析和翻译练习，提高翻译的准确性和流畅性。

另外，做完真题后，认真总结错题和不足之处也非常重要。

通过对错误原因的分析，找到自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行强化训练。

同时，可以参考一些权威的真题解析资料，加深对知识点的理解和掌握。

总的来说，2009 年英语一考研真题具有一定的难度和综合性，对于考生的英语水平是一个全面的检验。

只有通过认真备考、多做练习、善于总结，才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。

从具体的题型来看，阅读理解中的词汇题要求考生不仅要认识单词的常见释义，还要了解其在特定语境中的特殊含义。

这就需要考生在平时的词汇学习中，注重积累词汇的多义性和用法。

比如有一道题考查了“obscure”这个词，常见的意思是“模糊的、不清楚的”，但在文中却是“使不为人知”的意思，如果考生只知道常见释义，就很容易选错。

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章结构本文是一篇有关动物智力话题的文章。

文章源自2008年5月的The New York Times （《纽约时报》），作者是Verlyn Klingkenberg ，原文标题为“The Cost of Smarts ” （《聪明的代价》）。

全文结构思路如下所示：二、试题解析Ⅰ○1Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. ○2 1 the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. ○3Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. ○4This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright. 对动物的智力研究总使我们想知道人类是如何得聪明。

就以《科学时代》里Carl Zimmer 的论文所描述的果蝇实验为例吧。

经过训练比一般果蝇更聪明的那些果蝇趋向于有更短的寿命。

这表明光线暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长一些，暗淡也是一种优势。

1. [A] Suppose 假设、猜想 [B] Consider 考虑 [C] Observe 观察 [D] Imagine 设想【正确答案】[B] 【试题考点】语义衔接/词汇辨析【解题思路】文章开篇指出：Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are （对动物智力的研究总是让我们对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇”，接着举了果蝇的例子。

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit—fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday。

Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives。

This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer，that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high—priced option。

It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning —a gradual 7 — instead of instinct。

Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to9 intelligence？That's the question behind this new research. I like it。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Part I Structure and V ocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A],［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979.［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.”Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［■］1.If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands for a cry. ［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it.［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have had ［D］has had5.There was no sign that Mr Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it, would intervene personally.［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned ［C］going to resign［D］resign6.So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games.［A］became the cildren ［B］become the children ［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.［A］everything except ［B］anything but ［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match._______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.［A］By ［B］In ［C］No less than ［D］Nothing more than9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,_______ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist,Jewish, and so on.［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］areSection BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in thewoods off the highway.”Therefore, you should choose ［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］11.He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard12.It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the _______ welfare of his animals.［A］critical about ［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to ［D］subject to15.The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _______ .［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______and lack of unity in style.［A］conflict ［B］confrontation ［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______ .［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _______ .［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise21.When any non human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _______ .［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale.［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through ［C］stumbled upon ［D］thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______ .［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress24.Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. ［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with ［C］predominant over［D］providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive26.The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals.［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms. ［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ , particularly inWestern Europe.［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _______ and needs proving. ［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical30.The future of this company is _______ : many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net based businesses.［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stakePart ⅡCloze TestDirection:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introducea 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as32.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening33.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］improper34.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper35.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity36.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as37.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed38.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate39.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure40.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash41.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration42.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than43.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns44.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining45.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified46.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by47.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue48.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told49.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that50.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only oneof a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word `amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien-ces such as _______ .［A］sociology and chemistry［B］physics and psychology［C］sociology and psychology［D］physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that _______.［A］there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______.［A］the process of specialisation and professionalisation［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］the change of policies in scientific publications［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialisation is _______。

2009年全国硕士研究生考研英语入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual 7 instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? Thats the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal Iveever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1.。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are 1 . the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that3bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning —a gradual7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10atall the species we ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe 15 that animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.[A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine[A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened[A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer[A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority[A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along[A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C] inevitable [D] gradual [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think[A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward1 [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs1 [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across1 [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply1 [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance 1 [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest1 [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach1 [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with1 [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise1 [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillDirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century,even the word "habit" carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of "The Open Mind" and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. "But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself the Decider. " She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the。