2018高三第一次月考
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2018届高三第一次月考本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,满分120分,考试用时100分钟。
注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必在答题卡上相应的位置准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号,并将条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2.选择题选出答案后,用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号按要求涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
非选择题用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AIf you like tasting food from different countries, here are some events you shouldn’t miss in New York City this year. Chinatown Restaurant Week---March 14-30Various meals will be offered for $18.88 per person at particip ating Chinatown restaurants such as Golden Unicorn, Nom W ah Tea Parlor, HK Wonton Garden, Pho Grand, Red Egg and Shanghai Gourmet. Peking Duck House will offer a special at lunch only.More Info: Martini Week---March 15-30Martini Week is a two-week-long celebration of America’s proudest invention. It will be hel d at 23 bars and restaurants across the town. They’ll be offeri ng their own unique specialities at low prices. Choose from pl aces including Ava Lounge, Beaumarchais, Catch, Abe & Arth ur’s. Sons of Essex, Bounce Sporting Club, Aspen Social, Re vel, Rayuela, and more.More Info: Malaysian Restaurant Week---June 18-24Malaysian restaurants will offer various $20.12 meals, while A sian-influenced restaurants will feature a special limited-time-only menu inspired by the country’s special flavors. Participati ng restaurants include Fatty Crab, Michelin-starred Laut, Penang and Spice Market.More Info: Italian Restaurant Week ---June 26-July 6Celebrate New York City’s fifth Italian Restaurant Week---the Italian Dine Out. The 11-day event will offer special discounted lunch and dinner prices of $23 at New York City’s most authentic Italian restaurants. Sponsored(赞助) by the Italian Trade Commission, the Italian Dine Out offer s diners special 3-course menus for lunch and dinner.More Info: Belgian Restaurant Week---July 21-28This is your chance to enjoy tasty multi-course meals and some of the world’s finest beers. The Belgi an restaurants in NY bring you amazing cuisines and great be ers during a week-long celebration of Belgian food.More Info: I’m sure you’ll have a great time during the events. Remembe r: don’t eat too much for the sake of you health.1. To enjoy an $18.88 supper during Chinatown Restaurant W eek, you probably should avoid going to _______.A. HK Wonton GardenB. Nom Wah Tea Parl orC. Golden UnicornD. Peking Duck House2. If you love eating at Michelin-starred Laut, you’d most probably expect _________.A. Martini WeekB. Italian Restaur ant WeekC. Malaysian Restaurant WeekD. Chinatow n Restaurant Week3. Which of the following is a feature of the Belgian Restauran t Week?A. Bringing you free Chinese food.B. Providing authentic Italian food.C. Having a special limited-time-only menu.D. Offering some of the world’s finest beers.BIn 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d’Alene , Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never far away.We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight s un. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom’s vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn’t care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble t o get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldn’t really get a good fire going. The smoke g ot pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and t he police were there to greet me. The policemen took my mat ches and drove me home.Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison befo re Mom rescued me. I hadn’t turned 5 yet.As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. W ould it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail(栏杆) at school?As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride wit h his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn’t realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I w as wrapped heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and b lowing weather.In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d’Ale ne, but we got one mo re Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years la ter by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former n eighbors of Alaska.4. What can be inferred about the author’s family?A. His father was a cruel man.B. His parents didn’t lo ve him.C. His parents used to be very busy.D. His mother didn’t have any jobs.5. What happened when the author was 4?A. He learned to smoke.B. He was locked in a base ment.C. He was arrested by the police.D. He nearly caused a f ire accident.6. Which of the following is true?A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.C. Leonhard often visited the author’s family after 1950.D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alas ka.7. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.D. To show off his pride in making trouble.CAre morning people born or made? In my case it was definitel y made. In my early 20s, I hardly went to bed before midnight, and I would always get up late the next morning.But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship betwee n success and rising early. On those rare occasions when I di d get up early, I noticed that my productivity was always highe r. So I set out to become an early riser. But whenever my alar m went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed th at my strategy(策略)was wrong. The most common wrong strategy is this: supp osing you’re going to get up earlier, you’d better go to bed ear lier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.There are two main schools of thought on sleep patterns. One is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time ever y day. The second school says you should go to bed when yo u’re tired and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both are wrong if you care about productivity. If yo u sleep at fixed hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when you a ren’t sleepy enough. You’re wasting time lying in bed awake. My solution is to combine both methods. I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 a.m.), but I go to be d at different times every night.However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up a t a fixed time every morning are my ways. If you want to beco me an early riser, you can try your own.8.Why did the author want to become an early riser?A. Because he found that the productivity was higher.B. Because he wanted to do morning exercise.C. Because he wanted to test which school is better.D. Because he wanted to have more sleep time.9. The author experienced all the following EXCEPT ________ _.A. going to bed after midnightB. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habitsC. getting up early occasionallyD. pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping10. According to the passage, the underlined “an early riser” p hrase refers to _________.A. A person who stays up late until the next morningB. A person who feels sleepy in the morningC. A person whose productivity is the highest in the morningD. A person who gets up early in the morning11.The passage is mainly about _________.A. main schools of thought on sleep patternsB. how to have a good sleepC. wrong strategies for getting up earlyD. how to become an early riserDDo you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laug hing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that ever y time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This e xplains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, d ance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us th at there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use lan guages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people se ntences to listen to (for example:“The hand took hold of the b all”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the acti on was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hol d of a ball).Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with soci al and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how the se discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders. Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interac t. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (对等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the ci nema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.12. Mirror neurons can explain _____.A. why we cry when we are hurtB. why we cough when we suffer from a coldC. why we smile when we see someone else smileD. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late13. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph pro bably means “____”.A. set offB. cut offC. built upD. broken up14. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _____.A. relate to human behavior and interactionB. control human physical actions and feelingsC. result in bad behavior and social disordersD. determine our knowledge and language abilities15. What is the passage mainly about?A. Ways to find mirror neurons.B. Problems of mirror neur ons.C. Existence of mirror neurons.D. Functions of mirror neur ons.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2017-2018学年甘肃省定西市通渭二中高三(上)第一次月考生物试卷一、选择题:本题共6小题,每小题6分,共36分.1.(6分)在观察装片时,由低倍镜换成高倍镜,细胞大小、细胞数目、视野亮度的变化()A.变大、变少、变暗B.变大、变多、变亮C.变小、变多、变暗D.变小、变多、变亮2.(6分)赖氨酸的分子式为C6H14O2N2,则赖氨酸的R基为()A.﹣C4H10N B.﹣C4H10O C.﹣C4H10ON D.﹣C5H11N3.(6分)下列生物膜转化的叙述中,正确的是()A.在细胞内的具膜结构中,膜的转化是不可逆的B.小泡成为具膜结构的一部分要靠膜融合C.一种结构的膜成为另一种结构膜的一部分与膜的流动性无关D.生物膜的选择透过性是膜之间转化的前提条件4.(6分)下列有关酶的叙述正确的是()A.酶的基本组成单位是氨基酸和脱氧核糖核苷酸B.酶通过为反应物供能和降低活化能来提高化学反应速率C.酶均是由腺细胞合成的,具有高效性、专一性D.人体中酶的活性受温度、pH的影响5.(6分)下列关于酶特性实验设计的叙述中,正确的是()A.验证酶的专一性时,自变量是酶的种类B.验证酶的高效性时,自变量是酶的浓度C.探究温度对酶活性影响时,自变量是温度D.探究酶催化作用的最适pH时,应设置过酸、过碱、中性三组6.(6分)下列与细胞相关的叙述,正确的是()A.核糖体、溶酶体都是具有膜结构的细胞器B.酵母菌的细胞核内含有DNA和RNA两类核酸C.蓝藻细胞的能量来源于其线粒体有氧呼吸过程D.在叶绿体中可进行CO2的固定但不能合成ATP二、解答题(共4小题,满分54分)7.(12分)如图是细胞的亚显微结构模式图,请根据图回答下列问题:(1)动物的一般体细胞与该细胞相比,特有的结构是。
(2)若此细胞是叶肉细胞,在光下,结构[4]中的O2至少要穿过层磷脂分子层才能到达结构[11]内起作用,其跨膜方式是。
(3)1号结构的特点是具有一定的流动性,如果降低温度,流动性将。
富宁县一中2018-2019学年高三上学期11月月考数学试卷含答案一、选择题1. 已知复数z 满足(3+4i )z=25,则=( ) A .3﹣4iB .3+4iC .﹣3﹣4iD .﹣3+4i2. 某校在暑假组织社会实践活动,将8名高一年级学生,平均分配甲、乙两家公司,其中两名英语成绩优秀学生不能分给同一个公司;另三名电脑特长学生也不能分给同一个公司,则不同的分配方案有( ) A .36种 B .38种 C .108种 D .114种3. 运行如图所示的程序框图,输出的所有实数对(x ,y )所对应的点都在某函数图象上,则该函数的解析式为( )A .y=x+2B .y= C .y=3x D .y=3x 34. 设m ,n 是两条不同直线,α,β是两个不同的平面,下列命题正确的是( ) A .m ∥α,n ∥β且α∥β,则m ∥n B .m ⊥α,n ⊥β且α⊥β,则m ⊥nC .m ⊥α,n ⊂β,m ⊥n ,则α⊥βD .m ⊂α,n ⊂α,m ∥β,n ∥β,则α∥β5. 如图,从点M (x 0,4)发出的光线,沿平行于抛物线y 2=8x 的对称轴方向射向此抛物线上的点P ,经抛物线反射后,穿过焦点射向抛物线上的点Q ,再经抛物线反射后射向直线l :x ﹣y ﹣10=0上的点N ,经直线反射后又回到点M ,则x 0等于( )A .5B .6C .7D .86. 函数f (x )=,则f (﹣1)的值为( )A .1B .2C .3D .4班级_______________ 座号______ 姓名_______________ 分数__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. 已知m ,n 为不同的直线,α,β为不同的平面,则下列说法正确的是( ) A .m ⊂α,n ∥m ⇒n ∥αB .m ⊂α,n ⊥m ⇒n ⊥αC .m ⊂α,n ⊂β,m ∥n ⇒α∥βD .n ⊂β,n ⊥α⇒α⊥β8. 设i 是虚数单位,若z=cos θ+isin θ且对应的点位于复平面的第二象限,则θ位于( ) A .第一象限 B .第二象限 C .第三象限 D .第四象限 9. 两个随机变量x ,y 的取值表为若x ,y 具有线性相关关系,且y ^=bx +2.6,则下列四个结论错误的是( )A .x 与y 是正相关B .当y 的估计值为8.3时,x =6C .随机误差e 的均值为0D .样本点(3,4.8)的残差为0.65 10.下列函数中,为奇函数的是( )A .y=x+1B .y=x 2C .y=2xD .y=x|x|11.已知平面向量a 、b 满足||||1==a b ,(2)⊥-a a b ,则||+=a b ( ) A .0 B .2 C .2 D .3 12.十进制数25对应的二进制数是( ) A .11001 B .10011C .10101D .10001二、填空题13.一船以每小时12海里的速度向东航行,在A 处看到一个灯塔B 在北偏东60°,行驶4小时后,到达C 处,看到这个灯塔B 在北偏东15°,这时船与灯塔相距为 海里.14.已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数,且当0x ≥时,2()2f x x x =-,则()y f x =在R 上的解析式为 15.一个正四棱台,其上、下底面均为正方形,边长分别为2cm 和4cm ,侧棱长为2cm ,则其表面积为__________2cm .16.函数f (x )=的定义域是 .17.已知()212811f x x x -=-+,则函数()f x 的解析式为_________.18.圆上的点(2,1)关于直线x+y=0的对称点仍在圆上,且圆与直线x ﹣y+1=0相交所得的弦长为,则圆的方程为 .三、解答题19.若f (x )是定义在(0,+∞)上的增函数,且对一切x ,y >0,满足f ()=f (x )﹣f (y )(1)求f (1)的值,(2)若f (6)=1,解不等式f (x+3)﹣f ()<2.20.在ABC ∆中已知2a b c =+,2sin sin sin A B C =,试判断ABC ∆的形状.21.已知椭圆,过其右焦点F 且垂直于x 轴的弦MN 的长度为b .(Ⅰ)求该椭圆的离心率;(Ⅱ)已知点A 的坐标为(0,b ),椭圆上存在点P ,Q ,使得圆x 2+y 2=4内切于△APQ ,求该椭圆的方程.22.已知和均为给定的大于1的自然数,设集合,,,...,,集合..。
河北辛集中学2018届高三物理8月月考试卷(有答案)河北辛集中学2017―2018学年度第一学期第一次阶段考试高三年级物理试题命题人:石浩校对:刘宇辉本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,满分110分,考试时间90分钟。
第I卷(选择题64分)一、选择题:本题共16小题,每小题4分,共64分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~12题只有一项符合题目要求,第13~16题有多项符合题目要求,全部选对得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分。
1.下列说法正确的是 A.开普勒提出了日心说并发现了行星沿椭圆轨道运行的规律 B.想要逃离地球的万有引力,至少需要16.7km/s的初速度 C.牛顿时代还无法利用月―地检验来检验万有引力定律的正确性 D.卡文迪许用扭秤测出了引力常量G,被称为第一个“称”出地球质量的人 2.甲、乙两物体在同一地点,沿同一直线运动,其v-t图象如图所示,则 A.甲物体比乙物体早出发2s B.在4s末两物体从出发后到第1次相遇前相距最远 C.在6s末,甲、乙两物体相遇 D.两物体加速时,甲物体的加速度小于乙物体的加速度 3.如图所示,小车内一根轻质弹簧沿竖直方向和一条与竖直方向成α角的细绳拴接一小球。
当小车和小球相对静止,一起在水平面上运动时,下列说法正确的是 A.细绳一定对小球有拉力的作用 B.轻弹簧一定对小球有弹力的作用 C.细绳不一定对小球有拉力的作用,但轻弹簧对小球一定有弹力 D.细绳不一定对小球有拉力的作用,轻弹簧对小球也不一定有弹力 4.如图所示,半圆形框架竖直放置在粗糙的水平地面上,质量为m的光滑的小球P在水平外力F的作用下处于静止状态,P与圆心O的连线与水平面的夹角为θ,将力F在竖直面内沿顺时针方向缓慢地转过90°,框架与小球始终保持静止状态。
重力加速度的大小为g,在此过程中下列说法正确的是 A.框架对小球的支持力先减小后增大 B.拉力F 的最小值为mgsinθ C.地面对框架的摩擦力始终在减小 D.框架对地面的压力先增大后减小 5.如图所示,质量为M的斜劈形物体放在水平地面上,质量为m的粗糙物块以某一初速度沿劈的粗糙斜面向上滑,至速度为零后又加速返回,而物体M始终保持静止,重力加速度的大小为g,则在物块m上、下滑动的整个过程中 A.地面对物体M的摩擦力大小始终不变 B.地面对物体M的支持力总小于(M+m)g C.地面对物体M的摩擦力先向右后向左 D.地面对物体M的摩擦力先向左后向右 6.水平传输装置如图所示,在载物台左端给物块一个初速度v0,当物块通过如图方向转动的传输带所用时间t1,当皮带轮改为与图示相反的方向传输时,通过传输带的时间为t2,当皮带轮不转动时,通过传输带的时间为t3,下列说法中正确的是 A.t1一定小于t2 B.一定有t2 >t3>t1 C.可能有t3=t2=t1 D.一定有t1=t2 <t3 7.如图甲所示,一质量为m=1kg的物体在水平拉力F的作用下沿水平面做匀速直线运动,从某时刻开始,拉力F随时间均匀减小,物体受到的摩擦力随时间变化的规律如图乙所示,取重力加速度的大小g=10m/s2,则下列关于物体运动的说法中正确的是 A.t=1s时物体开始做匀减速运动 B.t=3s至t=5s时间内,物体静止 C.物体与接触面间的动摩擦因数为0.2 D.t=2s时物体的加速度大小为2m/s2 8.如图所示,斜面上有a、b、c、d四个点,ab=bc=cd,从a点以初动能E0水平抛出一个小球,它落在斜面上的b点,若小球从a点以初动能2E0水平抛出,不计空气阻力,则下列判断正确的是 A.小球可能落在d点与c点之间 B.小球一定落在c点 C.小球落在斜面的运动方向与斜面的夹角一定增大 D.小球两次落在斜面前在空中飞行的时间之比为1:2 9.儿童乐园里的游戏“空中飞椅”简化模型如图所示,座椅通过轻质钢丝绳与顶端转盘连接。
石峰区一中2018-2019学年高三上学期11月月考数学试卷含答案一、选择题1. 如果点P 在平面区域220,210,20x y x y x y -+≥⎧⎪-+≤⎨⎪+-≤⎩上,点Q 在曲线22(2)1x y ++=上,那么||PQ 的最小值为( )A1 B1C. 1 D1 2. 如图所示的程序框图,若输入的x 值为0,则输出的y 值为( )A. B .0 C .1 D.或03. 已知定义在区间[0,2]上的函数y=f (x )的图象如图所示,则y=f (2﹣x )的图象为( )A. B. C. D.4. 计算log 25log 53log 32的值为( )A .1B .2C .4D .85.如图,三行三列的方阵中有9个数a ij (i=1,2,3;j=1,2,3),从中任取三个数,则至少有两个数位于同行或同列的概率是( )班级_______________ 座号______ 姓名_______________ 分数__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A.B.C.D.6.一个骰子由1~6六个数字组成,请你根据图中三种状态所显示的数字,推出“”处的数字是()A.6 B.3 C.1 D.27.设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若S n=n2+2n(n∈N*),则++…+=()A.B.C.D.8.设D、E、F分别是△ABC的三边BC、CA、AB上的点,且=2,=2,=2,则与()A.互相垂直B.同向平行C.反向平行D.既不平行也不垂直9.如图,已知双曲线﹣=1(a>0,b>0)的左右焦点分别为F1,F2,|F1F2|=4,P是双曲线右支上一点,直线PF2交y轴于点A,△AF1P的内切圆切边PF1于点Q,若|PQ|=1,则双曲线的渐近线方程为()A.y=±x B.y=±3x C.y=±x D.y=±x10.在△ABC中,已知a=2,b=6,A=30°,则B=()A.60°B.120°C.120°或60°D.45°11.已知i为虚数单位,则复数所对应的点在()A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限12.如图,半圆的直径AB=6,O为圆心,C为半圆上不同于A、B的任意一点,若P为半径OC上的动点,则的最小值为()A.B.9 C. D.﹣9二、填空题13.数列{a n }是等差数列,a 4=7,S 7= .14.将全体正整数排成一个三角形数阵:按照以上排列的规律,第n 行(n ≥3)从左向右的第3个数为 .15.分别在区间[0,1]、[1,]e 上任意选取一个实数a b 、,则随机事件“ln a b ≥”的概率为_________.16.已知函数5()sin (0)2f x x a x π=-≤≤的三个零点成等比数列,则2log a = . 17.函数()y f x =图象上不同两点()()1122,,,A x y B x y 处的切线的斜率分别是A B k k ,,规定(),A Bk k A B ABϕ-=(AB 为线段AB 的长度)叫做曲线()y f x =在点A 与点B 之间的“弯曲度”,给 出以下命题:①函数321y x x =-+图象上两点A 与B 的横坐标分别为1和2,则(),A B ϕ> ②存在这样的函数,图象上任意两点之间的“弯曲度”为常数; ③设点A,B 是抛物线21y x =+上不同的两点,则(),2A B ϕ≤;④设曲线xy e =(e 是自然对数的底数)上不同两点()()112212,,,,1A x y B x y x x -=且,若(),1t A B ϕ⋅<恒成立,则实数t 的取值范围是(),1-∞.其中真命题的序号为________.(将所有真命题的序号都填上)18.记等比数列{a n }的前n 项积为Πn ,若a 4•a 5=2,则Π8= .三、解答题19.(本小题满分10分)选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程以坐标原点为极点,以x 轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,已知曲线C 的参数方程为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==θθsin 2cos 2y x (θ为参数,],0[πθ∈),直线l 的参数方程为2cos 2sin x t y t ì=+ïí=+ïîaa (t 为参数).(I )点D 在曲线C 上,且曲线C 在点D 处的切线与直线+2=0x y +垂直,求点D 的极坐标;(II )设直线l 与曲线C 有两个不同的交点,求直线l 的斜率的取值范围.【命题意图】本题考查圆的参数方程、直线参数方程、直线和圆位置关系等基础知识,意在考查数形结合思想、转化思想和基本运算能力.20.在极坐标系下,已知圆O :ρ=cos θ+sin θ和直线l :.(1)求圆O 和直线l 的直角坐标方程;(2)当θ∈(0,π)时,求直线l 与圆O 公共点的极坐标.21.已知数列{a n }共有2k (k ≥2,k ∈Z )项,a 1=1,前n 项和为S n ,前n 项乘积为T n ,且a n+1=(a ﹣1)S n +2(n=1,2,…,2k ﹣1),其中a=2,数列{b n }满足b n =log 2,(Ⅰ)求数列{b n }的通项公式;(Ⅱ)若|b 1﹣|+|b 2﹣|+…+|b 2k ﹣1﹣|+|b 2k ﹣|≤,求k 的值.22.(本小题满分13分)如图,已知椭圆22:14x C y +=的上、下顶点分别为,A B ,点P 在椭圆上,且异于点,A B ,直线,AP BP 与直线:2l y =-分别交于点,M N ,(1)设直线,AP BP 的斜率分别为12,k k ,求证:12k k ⋅为定值; (2)求线段MN 的长的最小值;(3)当点P 运动时,以MN 为直径的圆是否经过某定点?请证明你的结论.【命题意图】本题主要考查椭圆的标准方程及性质、直线与椭圆的位置关系,考查考生运算求解能力,分析问题与解决问题的能力,是中档题.23.数列{}n a 中,18a =,42a =,且满足*2120()n n n a a a n N ++-+=∈. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)设12||||||n n S a a a =++,求n S .24.已知关x 的一元二次函数f (x )=ax 2﹣bx+1,设集合P={1,2,3}Q={﹣1,1,2,3,4},分别从集合P 和Q 中随机取一个数a 和b 得到数对(a ,b ).(1)列举出所有的数对(a ,b )并求函数y=f (x )有零点的概率;(2)求函数y=f (x )在区间[1,+∞)上是增函数的概率.石峰区一中2018-2019学年高三上学期11月月考数学试卷含答案(参考答案)一、选择题13.4914.3+.15.1 ee -16.1 2 -考点:三角函数的图象与性质,等比数列的性质,对数运算.【名师点睛】本题考查三角函数的图象与性质、等比数列的性质、对数运算法则,属中档题.把等比数列与三角函数的零点有机地结合在一起,命题立意新,同时考查数形结合基本思想以及学生的运算能力、应用新知识解决问题的能力,是一道优质题.17.②③18.16.三、解答题19.20.21.22.23.(1)102n a n =-;(2)229(5)940(5)n n n n S n n n ⎧-≤⎪=⎨-+>⎪⎩.24.。
宁夏银川一中2018届高三年级第一次月考测试数学试卷本试卷分第I 卷(选择题)和第II 卷(非选择题)两部分.第II 卷第22题为选考题,其他题为必考题.考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回. 注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上,2.选择题答案使用2B 铅笔填涂,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号;非选择题答案使用0.5毫米的黑色中性(签字)笔或炭素笔书写,字体工整,笔迹清楚.3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效. 4.保持卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损.5.作选考题时,考生按照题目要求作答,并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的标号涂黑.第I 卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,满分60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设全集U 是实数集R ,}034|{},22|{2<+-=>-<=x x x N x x x M 或,则图中阴影部分所表示的集合是 ( )A .}12|{<≤-x xB .}22|{≤≤-x xC .}21|{≤<x xD .}2|{<x x2.函数)13lg(13)(2++-=x xx x f 的定义域是( )A .),31(+∞-B . )1,31(-C . )31,31(-D . )31,(--∞3.汽车经过启动、加速行驶、匀速行驶、减速行驶之后停车,若把这一过程中汽车的行驶路程s 看作时间t的函数,其图像可能是 ( )4.已知两个函数)(x f 和)(x g 的定义域和值域都是集合{1,2,3},其定义如下表:)A .{1}B .{2}C .{3}D .φA .B .C .D .5.设函数)(x f 的定义域为R ,有下列三个命题:①若存在常数M ,使得对任意,R x ∈有,)(M x f ≤则M 是函数)(x f 的最大值;②若存在,0R x ∈使得对任意,R x ∈,0x x ≠有),()(0x f x f <则)(0x f 是函数)(x f 的最大值; ③若存在,0R x ∈使得对任意,R x ∈有),()(0x f x f ≤则)(0x f 是函数)(x f 的最大值. 这些命题中,真命题的个数是 ( ) A . 0 B .1 C .2 D .36.设)(x f 是定义在R 上的函数,其图像关于原点对称,且当x >0时,32)(-=x x f ,则=-)2(f( )A .1B .-1C .41D .411-7.函数)1(log )(++=x a x f a x 在区间]1,0[上的最大值与最小值之和为a ,则a = ( )A .41B .21C .2D .48.下列函数中,在其定义域是减函数的 ( )A .1)(2++-=x x x fB .xx f 1)(=C .||)31()(x x f = D .)2ln()(x x f -=9.设函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>≤++=0,20,)(2x x c bx x x f ,若2)2(),0()4(-=-=-f f f ,则关于x 的方程x x f =)( 的解的个数是( )A .1B .2C .3D .4 10.已知实数b a ,满足等式b a 32=,下列五个关系式: ①;0a b << ②;0<<b a ③;0b a <<④;0<<a b⑤.b a =其中可能成立的关系式有( ) A .①②③ B .①②⑤C .①③⑤D .③④⑤ 11.设奇函数)(x f 在(0,+∞)上为增函数,且0)1(=f ,则不等式0)()(<--xx f x f 的解集为( )A .(-1,0)∪(1,+∞)B .(-∞,-1)∪(0,1)C .(-∞,-1)∪(1,+∞)D .(-1,0)∪(0,1)12.函数|1||ln |--=x e y x 的图像大致是 ( )第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分,第13题-第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须做答,第22题为选考题,考生根据要求做答.二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分.13.若正整数m 满足m m 102105121<<-,则=m .(3010.02lg ≈)14.函数)(x f 对于任意实数x 满足条件)(1)2(x f x f =+,若5)1(-=f ,则))5((f f =_________.15.对于函数)(x f 定义域中任意的)(,2121x x x x ≠,有如下结论:①)()()(2121x f x f x x f ⋅=+; ②)()()(2121x f x f x x f +=⋅; ③0)()(2121>--x x x f x f ; ④2)()()2(2121x f x f x x f +<+. 当x x f lg )(=时,上述结论中正确结论的序号是 .16.把下面不完整的命题补充完整,并使之成为真命题.若函数x x f 2log 3)(+=的图像与)(x g 的图像关于对称,则函数)(x g = . (注:填上你认为可以成为真命题的一种情形即可,不必考虑所有可能的情形)三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分70分.解答须写出文字说明,证明过程和演算步骤. 17.(本题满分12分)已知集合}.02|{},,116|{2<--=∈≥+=m x x x B R x x x A (1)当m =3时,求)(B C A R ;(2)若}41|{<<-=x x B A ,求实数m 的值.19.(本题满分12分) 设函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥<+-+-=.1,log .1,48)14()(2x x x a x a x x f a(1)当21=a 时,求函数)(x f 的值域;(2)若函数)(x f 是(-∞,+∞)上的减函数,求实数a 的取值范围.20.(本题满分12分)设函数b x ax x f ++=1)((a ,b 为常数),且方程x x f 23)(=有两 个实根为2,121=-=x x .(1)求)(x f y =的解析式;(2)证明:曲线)(x f y =的图像是一个中心对称图形,并求其对称中心.DAFEOBC21. (本题满分12分)设0≥a ,函数x x x a x f --++-=111)(2的最大值为)(a g . (1)设x x t --+=11,求t 的取值范围,并把)(x f 表示为t 的函数)(t m ; (2)求)(a g ;(3)试求满足)1()(ag a g =的所有实数a .22.选做题.(本小题满分10分.请考生在A 、B 、C 三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.作答时,用2B 铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的标号涂黑.) A .选修4-1:几何证明选讲.如图,AB 是⊙O 的直径,C ,F 是⊙O 上的点,OC 垂直于直径AB ,过F 点作⊙O 的切线交AB 的延长线于D .连结CF 交AB 于E 点.(1)求证:DA DB DE ⋅=2;(2)若⊙O 的半径为32,OB =3OE ,求EF 的长.B .选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程.已知曲线C 的极坐标方程是θρcos 4=.以极点为平面直角坐标系的原点,极轴为x 轴的正半轴,建立平面直角坐标系,直线l 的参数方程是:t t y t x (22122⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=+=是参数).(1)将曲线C 的极坐标方程转化为普通方程;(2)若直线l 与曲线C 相交于A 、B 两点,试求线段AB 的长.C .选修4-5:不等式选讲.设函数|3||22|)(++-=x x x f . (1)解不等式6)(>x f ;(2)若关于x 的不等式|12|)(-≤a x f 的解集不是空集,试求a 的取值范围.参考答案一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,满分60分。
启东中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题第I卷选择题(共三部分,满分85分)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来问答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who was ill yesterday?A.LilyB.Lily’s motherC.Lily’s grandfather2.What does the boy want to do during his holiday?A.Go surfingB.Go hikingC.Go shopping3.Where are the speakers most probably?A.In a bookstoreB.In a libraryC.In a post office4.How will the man travel around?A.By subwayB.By carC.By bus5.What does the woman mean?A.The man should get up early.B.The man shouldn’t drop the class.C.The class is not difficult.第二节听下面5段对活或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A.Husband and wifeB.Brother and sisterC.Mother and son7.What will the woman do in the afternoon?A.Visit her parentsB.Make a phone callC.Do some shopping听第7段材料,回答第8至10题.8.When will the party be held?A.On FridayB.On SaturdayC.On Sunday9.Where will the speakers have lunch?A.At a club B.At a restaurant C.At a man’s house10.What will the woman get for her granddad?A. A hatB.Some CDsC.A suitcase听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
贵州省贵阳市第一中学2018届高三上学期适应性月考(一)理综生物试题一、选择题1。
糖类是生物体的重要构成物质和能源物质,下列有关糖类的叙述正确的是A。
在ATP、RNA、核糖体和质粒中均含有核糖B. 在细胞膜上糖类与蛋白质结合形成糖蛋白C. 所有糖类都是生物体的主要能源物质D. 葡萄糖是构成纤维素、淀粉和糖原的基本单位【答案】D【解析】质粒是小型环状DNA分子,其含有的是脱氧核糖,A错误;细胞膜上的多糖链,有的与蛋白质结合形成糖蛋白,有的与脂质结合形成糖脂,B错误;糖类中的核糖、脱氧核糖、纤维素都不是能源物质,C错误;纤维素、淀粉和糖原的单体都是葡萄糖,因此葡萄糖是构成纤维素、淀粉和糖原的基本单位,D正确.2. 下图为某人体细胞内部分蛋白质合成及转运的示意图,据图分析,下列有关叙述正确的是A。
内质网对其加工的蛋白质先进行分类再转运至细胞的不同部位B. 附着型核糖体合成的多肽通过囊泡运输到内质网加工C. 细胞膜上的糖蛋白的形成经内质网和高尔基体的加工D。
分泌蛋白经细胞膜分泌到细胞外体现了生物膜的边能特性【答案】C【解析】据图分析可知,高尔基体对其加工的蛋白质先进行分类再转运至细胞的不同部位,A 正确;附着核糖体合成的多肽是在信号肽的引导下进入内质网腔进行粗加工(这一过程没有囊泡运输),内质网将该蛋白通过囊泡运输到高尔基体进行深加工的,B错误;据图分析可知,细胞膜上的糖蛋白的形成先后经过了内质网和髙尔基体的加工,C正确;分泌蛋白经细胞膜分泌到细胞外属于胞吐作用,体现了生物膜的结构特点,D正确。
3。
科学家发现某些动物细胞在低渗溶液中不涨破,但是将控制红细胞膜上CHIP28(-种水通道蛋白)合成的mRNA注入细胞内,发现这些细胞也会迅速涨破。
下列说法错误的是A. CHIP28合成所需的mRNA加工和运输需要内质网和高尔基体的参与B. 细胞在低渗溶液中不涨破的原因是细胞膜上无类似CHIP28的蛋白质C。
红细胞在低渗溶液中吸水涨破的原因是由于CHIP28协助吸收了过多的水D. 肾小管细胞在抗利尿激素的作用下重吸收水可能有类似CHIP28的蛋白质【答案】A.。
河北省定州中学2018届高三化学下学期第一次月考试题(承智班)一、单选题1.中国第二化工设计院提出,用间接电化学法对大气污染物NO进行无害化处理,其原理示意如图(质子膜允许H+和H2O通过),下列相关判断正确的是A. 电极I为阴极,电极反应式为2H2O+2e-=2OH-+H2B. 电解池中质子从电极I向电极Ⅱ作定向移动C. 吸收塔中的反应为2NO+2S2O32-+H2O=N2+4HSO3-D. 每处理1 mol NO电解池质量减少16g2.25℃时,c mol·L—1CH3COOH 溶液加水稀释,溶液中 CH3COOH 和 CH3COOˉ二者中各自所占的物质的量分数(α)随溶液 pH 变化的关系如图所示。
下列说法不正确的是A. 由图可知,25℃时醋酸的 Ka=10-4.76B. c mol·L—1CH3COOH 溶液加水稀释中,α(CH3COOH)增大, c(CH3COOˉ)也一定增大C. 在pH=4.76 的溶液中通入HCl,α(CH3COOH)增大,α(CH3COOˉ)减小,α(CH3COOH)+α(CH3COOˉ)=1D. 对于图像中曲线上任意一点所对应的溶液中,都有 c(CH3COOˉ)+c(OHˉ)=c(H+)3.肼(N2H4)和氧气的反应情况受温度影响。
某同学设计方案探究温度对产物影响的结果如图所示。
下列说法不正确的是A. 温度较低时,肼和氧气主要发生的反应N2H4+O2 = N2+2H2OB. 900℃时,能发生 N2+O2 = 2NOC. 900℃时, N2的产率与 NO 的产率之和可能小于 1D. 该探究方案是将一定量的肼和氧气、在密闭容器中进行不断升温实验4.常温下,关于 pH 值相同的氨水和醋酸钠两种溶液,下列说法正确的是A. c(NH4+)=c(Na+)B. c(NH3·H2O)>c(CH3COONa)C. 两种溶液中水电离出的 c(H+)相等,且都大于 10ˉ7 mol·Lˉ1D. 该条件下,醋酸钠溶液的导电能力强于氨水5.将 NaCl 溶液滴在一块光亮清洁的铁板表面上,一段时间后发现液滴覆盖的圆周中心区(a)已被腐蚀而变暗,在液滴外沿棕色铁锈环(b),如图所示。
杭州第九中学2018年高三生物第一次月考本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共50分)一、选择题(每题只有一个正确答案,每题1分,共30小题,共30分)1.18世纪,英国著名的植物学家林奈对植物开花时间作了很多观察和研究,并在自己的花)A.应激性特征 B.适应性特征 C.遗传性特征 D.变异性特征2.某同学在学习“细胞工程”时,列表比较了动植物细胞工程的有关内容,你认为有()A 0B 1C 2D 33.某对夫妇,丈夫患leber遗传性视神经病(基因在线粒体上),妻子患红绿色盲,所生女儿患一种病的概率是()A.1/2 B.1/4 C.1/8 D.04.既是光合作用产物又是呼吸作用产物的是( )A.[H]、ATP B.O2、[H]、ATPC.[H]、ATP、CO2 D.[H]、ATP、C55)A.DNA是遗传物质B.一个DNA分子上有很多个基因C.蛋白质是生命活动的主要体现者D.每一种糖类能形成10种中间产物6.用射线超标的大理石装修房屋,会对未生育夫妇造成危害进而影响生育的质量。
以下说法正确的是()A.射线易诱发基因突变,通过受精作用传给后代B.射线易诱发基因突变,通过有丝分裂传给后代C.射线易诱发染色体变异,通过减数分裂传给后代D.射线易诱发染色体变异,通过有丝分裂传给后代7.下表是两种激素对代谢的影响,若某人在寒冷的条件下,哪一种激素调节处于主导地位A .肾上腺激素B C.两种激素的作用一样 D .两种激素都无影响 8.决定反射时间长短的主要因素是 ( ) A .刺激强度的高低B .感受器的兴奋性C .中枢突触数目的多少 D.效应器的兴奋性 9.农作物施用农家肥比施用单一的化肥生长好,原因是 ( ) A .农家肥肥效高 B .农家肥见效快 C .农家肥含有多种植物必需的矿质元素 D .农家肥含有植物需要的有机养料 10.一个小孩出生后被查出中枢神经系统有严重缺陷,而其他器官和系统均正常,究其原因,( )A .卵裂过程受抑制BC .外胚层形成过程受抑制D 11.黄豆种子比花生种子含蛋白质的比例高,这与黄豆根细胞膜上载体的种类、数量等有关,这一事实支持下列哪一生物学基本观点 ( ) A .生物物种多样性的特点 B .生物进化的观点C .生物与环境相适应的观点D .生物体结构与功能相适应的观点12.“非典”和“禽流感”的致病因子都是病毒,下列关于病毒的说法不正确的是( ) A 、不具有细胞结构,遗传物质是DNA 或RNAB 、绝大多数病毒营寄生生活,极少数病毒不是寄生的C 、病毒对抗生素不敏感,对干扰素敏感D 、病毒增殖所需的原料、能量和生物合成的场所均由宿主细胞提供13.艾滋病(HIV) 感染者中,有1%~2%的人不会发病。
2021届天津市耀华中学2018级高三上学期第一次月考文科综合历史试卷★祝考试顺利★(含答案)第I卷一、单项选择题1. 《论语·为政》中,子张问:“十世可知也?”子曰:“殷因于夏礼,所损益,可知也;周因于殷礼,所损益,可知也;其或继周者,虽百世可知也。
”据此判断,十世可知的原因是A. 宗法制和王位世袭制的因袭B. 儒家思想逐渐成大宗C. “礼”的传承使文明得以延续D. 父系血缘关系得以发展【答案】C【详解】本题考查礼制传承的影响。
解读材料信息可知,子张问:“十代以后的社会制度和道德规范可以知道吗?”孔子说:“商朝继承夏朝的礼仪制度,改动了多少,可以知道;周朝继承商朝的礼仪制度,改动了多少,也可以知道;以后的朝代继承周朝的礼仪制度,即使百代,同样可以推测。
”,结合所学可知,这说明“礼”的传承使得文明得以延续,因此C选项正确。
A选项错误,材料体现的是“礼”的传承对文明延续的作用,不是宗法制和王位世袭制的因袭,两者并不相同;B选项错误,材料体现的是“礼”的传承对文明延续的作用,并未体现儒家思想逐渐成为大宗,结合所学可知,中国早期儒家思想并未成为大宗;D选项错误,材料体现的是“礼”的传承对文明延续的作用,不是父系血缘关系的作用。
故正确答案为C选项。
2. “唐无论社会、经济、选举、交通等,较之西汉,其繁杂程度又何止十倍!旧体制不足以取新社会,于是政务决策则由丞相一人转为中书门下两省合议,谨慎大政之决策在此行政过程中,宰臣与君主有俱不可得而专擅。
”从以上材料可以知中书和门下两省设立的最大意义是有利于A. 正确决策 B. 限制皇权C. 分权制衡D. 推翻旧制【答案】A试题分析:本题主要考查唐朝的专制主义中央集权制度。
根据材料“政务决策则由丞相一人转为中书门下两省合议,谨慎大政之决策在此行政过程中,宰臣与君主有俱不可得而专擅”可知,唐朝设立中书和门下两省有利于正确决策的实行,故A正确;B项表述错误,不是限制了皇权,而是加强了皇权;C项不符合题意;D项不符合史实。
2018年重庆一中高2018级高三下期第一次月考数学试题卷(理科)一、选择题.(共12小题,每小题5分,共60分)1. 集合,以下正确的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】由题意,集合,表示实数集,集合表示二次函数图象上的点作为元素构成的点集,所以,故选C.2. 二项式的展开式的各项系数和为()A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】由题意,对于二项式中,令,则,即二项式的展开式的各项系数的和为,故选A.3. 复数的模是()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】由复数的四则运算,可知,所以的模为,故选B.4. 执行如图所示的程序框图,则输出的结果是()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】执行如图所示的程序框图,可知:第一次循环:,满足,;第二次循环:,满足,;第三次循环:,满足,;第四次循环:,满足,;第五次循环:,步满足,输出,故选D.5. 已知一个四棱柱的侧棱垂直于底面,条件“该棱柱是正四棱柱”,条件“该棱柱底面是菱形”,那么是的()条件A. 既不充分也不必要B. 充分不必要C. 必要不充分D. 充要【答案】B【解析】由一个四棱柱的侧棱垂直于底面,若条件“该棱柱是正四棱柱”成立,则四棱柱的底面为一个正方形,所以命题“该棱柱底面是菱形”是成立的;由一个四棱柱的侧棱垂直于底面,若命题“该棱柱底面是菱形”是成立,则该四棱柱不一定是正四棱柱,所以条件“该棱柱是正四棱柱”不一定成立,所以命题是命题的充分不必要条件,故选B.6. 下表提供了某厂节能降耗技术改造后在生产产品过程中记录的产量 (吨)与相应的生产能耗 (吨)的几组对应数据:根据上表的数据,求出关于的线性回归方程为,那么的值为()A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】由题意,,因为关于的回归直线方程是,所以,解得,故选A.7. 平面上三个单位向量两两夹角都是,则与夹角是()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】由题意得,向量为单位向量,且两两夹角为,则,且,所以与的夹角为,且,所以与的夹角为,故选D.8. 年东京夏季奥运会将设置米男女混合泳接力这一新的比赛项目,比赛的规则是:每个参赛国家派出2男2女共计4名运动员比赛,按照仰泳蛙泳蝶泳自由泳的接力顺序,每种泳姿米且由一名运动员完成,每个运动员都要出场. 现在中国队确定了备战该项目的4名运动员名单,其中女运动员甲只能承担仰泳或者自由泳,男运动员乙只能承担蝶泳或自由泳,剩下的男女各一名运动员则四种泳姿都可以上,那么中国队共有()种兵布阵的方式.A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】由题意,若甲承担仰泳,则乙运动员有种安排方法,其他两名运动员有种安排方法,共计种方法;若甲运动员承担自由泳,则乙运动员只能安排蝶泳,其他两名运动员有种安排方法,共计种方法,所以中国队共有种不同的安排方法,故选A.9. 已知直线,圆,那么圆上到的距离为的点一共有()个.A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】由圆,可得圆心,半径,又圆心到直线的距离,如图所示,由图象可知,点到直线的距离都为,所以圆上到的距离为的点一共个,故选C.10. 已知则的大小关系是()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】由题意,令,则,当时,,所以,所以函数在区间上点掉递减,所以,即,即,又由三角函数的性质可知,所以,即,综上可得,故选B.11. 双曲线,曲线经过双曲线的焦点,则双曲线的离心率为()A. B.C. D.【答案】C【解析】由曲线,可得令,得,即,则,所以双曲线的离心率为,故选C.点睛:本题考查了双曲线的几何性质——离心率的求解,求双曲线的离心率(或离心率的取值范围),常见有两种方法:①求出,代入公式;②只需要根据一个条件得到关于的齐次式,转化为的齐次式,然后转化为关于的方程(不等式),解方程(不等式),即可得(的取值范围).12. 不等式对于任意正实数恒成立,则实数的最大值为()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】由题意,设,则,因为,所以在单调递增,且最小值为,要使得对恒成立,当且仅当,即时成立,所示实数的最大值为,故选B.点睛:本题主要考查导数在函数中的应用,不等式的恒成立问题,考查了转化与化归思想、逻辑推理能力与计算能力,解答中涉及到基本不等式的应用,利用基本不等式确定函数的最值及等号成的条件是解答的关键,实数有一定的难度,属于中档试题.二、填空题.(共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13. 已知随机变量,且随机变量,则的方差 _________【答案】12【解析】由随机变量,则随机变量的方差为,又因为,所以随机变量的方差为.14. 某三棱锥的三视图如图所示,其俯视图是等腰直角三角形,则该三棱锥的表面积为_________【答案】【解析】根据给定的三视图可知,原几何体表示一个如图所示的三棱锥,其中底面是一个底边为,高为的等腰直角三角形,则,且底面,且,所以三棱锥的各个面的面积为:,,,所以该三棱锥的表面积为.15. 在的可行域内任取一点,则满足的概率是__________【答案】【解析】画出不等式组所表示的平面区域,如图所示,由,解得,即,且,所以,作出直线,则所以表示区域为,即不等式所表示的区域为,其面积为,所以不等式对应的概率为.点睛:对于几何概型的计算,首先确定事件类型为几何概型并确定其几何区域(长度、面积、体积或时间),其次计算基本事件区域的几何度量和事件A区域的几何度量,最后计算概率,本题的解答中正确画出二元一次不等式所对应平面区域是解答的关键.16. 点是锐角三角形的外心,,则的值为________【答案】20【解析】如图所示,过点分别作于于,则分别是的中点,可得在中,,所以,同理可得,所以.点睛:本题考查了平面向量化简与平面向量的数量积的运算问题,其中解答中将放在它的外接圆中,过点分别作,,得到分别是的中点,利用数量积的运算,分别求得的值是解答的关键,着重考查了平面向量的数量积的运算性质和三角形外接圆的性质,有一定的综合性,属于中档试题.三、解答题.(共70分)17. 已知等比数列的首项为,公比,且是的等差中项,是数列的前项和.(1)求数列的通项公式;(2)若数列满足,求数列的前项和.【答案】(1) ;(2) .【解析】试题分析:(1)设,根据条件列出方程,求得,即可求得数列的通项公式;(2)由(1),求得,即可利用分组求和求得数列的前项和.试题解析:(1)设,根据条件有,又(2)由(1),,所以........................由分组求和,18. 如图,在直棱柱中,∥,.(1)证明:直线平面;(2)求平面与平面所成的锐二面角的余弦.【答案】(1)见解析; (2)【解析】试题分析:(1)证明:根据条件得,又利用线面垂直的判定定理,即可证得结论;(2)由题意,以为坐标原点,所在直线分别为轴建立空间直角坐标系.设,求得平面与平面的一个法向量,利用向量的夹角公式,即可求解二面角的余弦值.试题解析:(1)证明:根据条件可得,又而,所以,直线平面(2) 两两垂直.如图所示,以为坐标原点,所在直线分别为轴建立空间直角坐标系.设,又所以,根据条件平面,所以可视为平面的一个法向量,现设是平面的一个法向量,则,令,所以,设平面与平面所成的锐二面角为19. 北方某市一次全市高中女生身高统计调查数据显示:全市名高中女生的身高(单位:)服从正态分布.现从某高中女生中随机抽取名测量身高,测量发现被测学生身高全部在和之间,现将测量结果按如下方式分成组:第组,第组,…,第组,下图是按上述分组方法得到的频率分布直方图.(1)求这名女生身高不低于的人数;(2)在这名女生身高不低于的人中任意抽取人,将该人中身高排名(从高到低)在全市前名的人数记为,求的数学期望.参考数据:,,【答案】(1)人; (2) 见解析.【解析】试题分析:(1)由直方图知,求得后组频率,进而可求得这名女生身高不低于的人数;(2)由题意,求得这人中以上的有人,得出随机变量可取,求得随机变量取每个值得概率,列出分布列,利用公式求解数学期望.试题解析:(1)由直方图知,后组频率为,人数为,即这名女生身高不低于的人数为人;(2)∵,∴∴.,则全市高中女生的身高在以上的有人,这人中以上的有人.随机变量可取,于是,,∴20. 已知标准方程下的椭圆的焦点在轴上,且经过点,它的一个焦点恰好与抛物线的焦点重合.椭圆的上顶点为,过点的直线交椭圆于两点,连接、,记直线的斜率分别为.(1)求椭圆的标准方程;(2)求的值.【答案】(1) ;(2) 见解析;(3) .【解析】试题分析:(1)由抛物线的焦点为,得到椭圆的两个焦点坐标为,再根据椭圆的定义得到,即可求得椭圆的标准方程;(2)由题意,设直线的方程为,并代入椭圆方程,求得,化简运算,即可求得的值.试题解析:(1)设椭圆的标准方程为,抛物线的焦点为,所以该椭圆的两个焦点坐标为,根据椭圆的定义有,所以椭圆的标准方程为;(2)由条件知,直线的斜率存在.设直线的方程为,并代入椭圆方程,得,且,设点,由根与系数的韦达定理得,则,即为定值点睛:本题主要考查椭圆的标准方程与性质、直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系,解答此类题目,确定椭圆(圆锥曲线)方程是基础,通过联立直线方程与椭圆(圆锥曲线)方程的方程组,应用一元二次方程根与系数的关系,得到“目标函数”的解析式,确定函数的性质进行求解,此类问题易错点是复杂式子的变形能力不足,导致错漏百出,本题能较好的考查考生的逻辑思维能力、运算求解能力、分析问题解决问题的能力等.21. 已知函数(1)求函数的极值;(2)求证:;(3),若对于任意的,恒有成立,求的取值范围.【答案】(1)见解析;(2).【解析】试题分析:(1)由题意,得,得出函数的单调性,即可求得函数的极值;(2)由(1)知的极小值即为最小值,推得,进而可证得结论;(3)由题意的解析式,求得,令,求得,利用得存在,使,且在上递减,在上递增,求得函数的的最小值,再转化为函数,利用导数的单调性,即可求解实数的取值范围.试题解析:(1)由可得,函数在单减,在单增,所以函数的极值在取得,为极小值;(2)根据(1)知的极小值即为最小值,即可推得当且仅当取等,所以,所以有(3)∴令,则,∴在上递增∵,当时,∴存在,使,且在上递减,在上递增∵∴,即∵对于任意的,恒有成立∴∴∴∴∴,又,∵∴,令,,显然在单增,而,,∴∴.点睛:本题主要考查导数在函数中的应用,不等式的证明和不等式的恒成立问题,考查了转化与化归思想、逻辑推理能力与计算能力,导数是研究函数的单调性、极值(最值)最有效的工具,对导数的应用的考查主要从以下几个角度进行:(1))利用导数求函数的单调区间,判断单调性或求参数值(取值范围);(2利用导数求函数的最值(极值),解决函数的恒成立与有解问题;(3)考查数形结合思想的应用.请考生在22、23两题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.22. 选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程在平面直角坐标系中,以坐标原点为极点,以轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,点的极坐标为,点到直线的距离为.(1)求值以及直线在平面直角坐标系下的方程;(2)椭圆上的一个动点为,求到直线距离的最大值.【答案】(1) .(2)【解析】试题分析:(1)利用极坐标与直角坐标的互化得到直线的直角坐标方程,再利用点到直线的距离公式,即可求解实数的值;(2)设点,利用点到直线距离,确定时,即可求得距离的最大值.试题解析:(1)则点的直角坐标为,直线的直角坐标方程为又,所以直线的直角坐标方程为.(2)由(1)得方程为,设点,所以点到直线距离为,当时,距离有最大值,最大值为23. 选修4-5:不等式选讲函数,其最小值为.(1)求的值;(2)正实数满足,求证:.【答案】(1) ;(2)见解析.【解析】试题分析:(1)由题意,利用绝对值三角不等式求得的最小值,即可求解的值;(2)根据柯西不等式,即可作出证明.试题解析:(1),当且仅当取等,所以的最小值(2)根据柯西不等式,.。
浙江省杭州市2017-2018学年高三技术第一次月考试题第一部分信息技术(共50分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题2分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求)1.在用户与WEB服务器之间文件传输的过程中,使用的协议是()A.FTPB.HTTPC.POP3D.SMTP2.使用Access软件创建的“student”数据表,部分界面如图所示。
下列说法正确的是()A.该数据表名称是“student”,共有6条记录B.“ID”字段的值一定是不相同的且不能为空值C.“身份证”字段的类型也可设置成“数字”型D.在数据表视图下,可在“班级”字段输入“1班”3.使用UltraEdit软件观察字符“Good Luck!”的内码,部分界面如图所示。
下列说法正确的是()A.字符“!”是ASCII字符,其内码是A1B.字符“Good Luck!”共占用10个字节C.字符“g”内码用二进制表示是01100111D.字符“o”内码转十进制过程应为6×162+15×1614. 在VB代码编辑窗口中,输入“List1.”后出现了如下图所示的信息。
其中的“AddItem”是List1的()A.属性名B.事件名C.对象名D.方法5. 小明用GoldWave软件截取一段背景音乐如下图所示,当前选定部分的音频长度为()A .1:29.816B .29.656C .3:37.339D .1:59.4736.某商品团购优惠策略的流程图如图所示当n 为100、p 为10时,实付金额s 的值是( )A. 1000B. 950C. 850D.7507. 小明用Photoshop 制作作品过程中图层面板如下图所示,设置了滤镜的图层名称是( )A .苹果B .文字C .树D .背景开始输入商品数量n ,商品单价p n<50?n<100?s ←p*n*85%s ←p*n*75%s ←p*n*95%输出s 结束YN8.将数学表达式2||y x x 写成VB 表达式正确的是( ) A.(y – Int (x ))/x*x B.(y – Abs (x ))/x^2 C.(y – Int (x ))/x^2 D.(y – Abs (x ))/ x*x 9.某Flash 作品的部分时间轴界面如第9题图所示。
2018届高三英语上册九月月考测试卷(有答案)----When shall we hold the meeting?------It______be better to put it off until next weekA mustB couldC canD will6 Varieties of activities in the supermarket _______ many different types of interestand taste among the public _______ its out-of-date goodsA adjust to ; to depositB cater to ; to promoteC apply to ; to take toD appeal to ; to claim7 It was ______ the second-hand car that the mechanic spent the whole afternoon in the factoryA in repairB repairedC repairingD to repair8 This group of designers ______ a plan for the project of the panyA set upB sent upC dreupD turn up9 munication along with information industry ______ an important part in modern timesA playB playsC have playedD are playing10 I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn’t spare any time, for I ______such a position _____ I have to hand in this morningA wrote ,whichB was writing ,asC had written ,thatD have written, that11 ---So you mean I have been too strict with you?---Well, if I ______say soA dareB mayC needD must12 There is no doubt ______ international cooperation is key to ______ with cybercrime, as Vinton Cerf has said that the problem of cybercrime is _______ huge that it requires UN to。
2018-2018学年南星中学第一学期高三数学(理科)第一次月考试卷 18、18、29(第Ⅰ卷 选择题部分)一、选择题:(本大题每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合要求的)1、设A 、B 、C 是三个集合,则“A ∩B=A ∩C ”是“B=C ”的( )A 、充分但不必要条件B 、必要但不充分条件C 、充分且必要条件 C 、既不充分也不必要条件 2、已知映射f :A →B ,其中A=B=R ,对应法则32:2+-=x x y f ,x A ∈,y B ∈。
对于集合B 中的元素1,下列说法正确的是( )A 、在A 中有1个原象B 、在A 中有2个原象C 、在A 中有3个原象D 、在A 中无原象 3、如果命题“p 或q ”与命题“非p ”都是真命题,则 ( )A 、命题q 一定是假命题B 、命题p 一定真命题C 、命题q 一定是真命题D 、命题p 与命题q 真值相同 4、如果函数f(x)的定义域为[-1,1],那么函数f(x 2-1)的定义域是 ( )A 、[0,2]B 、[-1,1]C 、[-2,2]D 、[-2,2]5、函数111--=x y 的图象是 ( )6、已知x 1是方程42=+xx 的根,x 2是方程4log 2=+x x 的根,则x 1+x 2的值所在区间是( ) A 、(0,1) B 、(1,3) C 、(3,5) D 、(5,+∞)7、已知函数ax x y 42-=(1≤x ≤3)是单调递增函数,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A 、]1,(-∞B 、]21,(-∞C 、]23,21[D 、),23[+∞8、对于定义在R 上的函数f(x),若实数x 0满足f(x 0)=x 0,则称x 0是函数f(x)的一个不动点,函数f(x)=6x —6x 2的不动点是( )A 、65或0 B 、65 C 、56或0 D 、56 9、已知函数g(x)的图象与函数f(x)=x 2+1的图象关于直线x=1对称,则g(x)等于( )A 、452+-x x B 、222+-x x C 、222++x x D 、542+-x x 10、设二次函数a x x x f +-=2)(,若0)(<-m f ,则f(m+1)的值是( ) A 、 正数 B 、负数 C 、非负数 D 、与m 有关11、甲乙二人同时从A 地赶往B 地,甲先骑自行车到中点后改为跑步,而乙则是先跑步,到中点后改为骑自行车,最后二人同时到达B 地,甲乙两人骑自行车速度都大于各自跑步速度,又知甲骑自行车比乙骑自行车的速度快。
山东省东营市胜利一中2018—2018学年度高三年级第一次月考物理试卷第一卷一、选择题(每题所给的四个选项中至少只有一个是正确的,共36分)1.甲、乙两物体都做匀加速直线运动,已知甲物体的加速度大于乙物体的加速度,则在某一段时间内()A.甲的位移一定比乙的大B.甲的平均速度一定比乙的大C.甲的速度变化一定比乙的大D.甲受到的合外力一定比乙的大2.某人站在升降机底板的台秤上,发现台秤的示数比他的体重减少了20%。
以下判断正确的是()A.升降机一定是在下降过程B.升降机一定是在减速状态C.如果是在下降过程,则升降机肯定处于加速状态D.如果升降机是在减速状态,则升降机肯定处于上升过程3.如图所示:质量为m的木块的在质量为M的长木板上滑行,μ,木块与长木板间动摩擦长木板与地面间动摩擦因数为1μ,若长木板仍处于静止状态,则长木板受地面摩因数为2擦力大小一定为()A.μ1(m+M)g B.μ2mgC.μ1mg D.μ1mg+μ2Mg4.运动员投篮过程中对篮球做功为W,出手高度为h1,篮筐距地面高度为h2,球的质量为m,空气阻力不计,则篮球进筐时的动能为()A.W+mgh1-mgh2B.W+mgh2-mgh1C.mgh2+mgh1-W D.mgh2-mgh1-W5.一条不可伸长的轻绳跨过质量可忽略不计的定滑轮,绳的一端系一质量m=15kg的重物,重物静止于地面上,有一质量为10Kg的猴子,从绳子的另一端沿绳向上爬,如图所示,不计滑轮磨擦,在重物不离开地面的条件下,猴子向上爬的最大加速度为(g取10m/s2)()A.25m/s2 B.10 m/s2C.5 m/s2 D.15 m/s26.物体A在楔形木块B上加速下滑时,B静止,则地面对B ()A.有摩擦力,方向水平向左B.有摩擦力,方向水平向右C.有摩擦力,方向无法判断D.无摩擦力,因为B静止7.质量相同的两个带电粒子M、N以相同的速度沿垂直于电场方向射入两平行金属板间的匀强电场中,M从两板正中央射入,N从下板边缘处射入,它们最后打在同一点(重力不计),如图所示,则从开始射入至打到上板的过程中()A.它们的电势能减少量之比△E:△E PN=1:4B.它们的动能增量之比△E KM:△E KN=1:4C.它们运动的时间关系为t N=t MD.在电场内运动的过程中两带电粒子的机械能守恒8.如图是甲、乙两物体从同一地点、沿同一方向做直线运动的v─t图象,则由图象可以看出()A.这两个物体两次相遇的时刻分别是1秒末和4秒末B.这两个物体两次相遇的时刻分别是2秒末和6秒末C.这两个物体相距最远的时刻分别是1秒末和4秒末D.4秒末以后甲在乙的前面9.匀速上升降机顶部悬有一轻质弹簧,弹簧下端下端挂有一小球,若升降机突然停住,在地面上的观察者来看,小球在继续上升的过程中()A.速度逐渐减小B.速度先增大后减小C.加速度逐渐增大D.加速度逐渐减小10.如图所示,重力为G的质点M,与三根劲度系数相同的螺旋弹簧A、B、c相连,C处于竖直方向,静止时,相邻弹簧间的夹角均为1200,巳知弹簧A和B对质点的作用力的大小均为2G,则弹簧C对质点的作用力的大小可能为()A.2G B.G C.O D.3G11.如图所示,小球a、b的质量分别是2m和m,a从倾角为30°的光滑固定斜面的顶端无初速下滑,b从斜面等高处以初速度v0平抛,比较a、b落地的运动过程有()A.a,b两球同时到达地面B.a,b落地前的速度相同C.落地前a,b两球重力做功的瞬时功率相等D.重力对a、b做的功相同12.如图所示,质量为10kg的物体拴在一个被拉伸的弹簧的左端,弹簧的另一端固定在小车上,当小车不动时弹簧的弹力为5N,此时A静止在小车。
深圳中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AIf you are looking for something fun and educational to do in Maryland,why not visit the Maryland Science Center?It is located at 601 Light Street,Baltimore,MD 2.The ticket prices vary depending on ages,groups and the exhibits you choose.IntroductionThe Maryland Science Center is basically a museum,but it gives everyone a chance to learn through experience and play,rather than just glance at an exhibit.ActivitiesYou can learn about various topics,including outer space,the human body,dinosaurs,electricity,marine (海洋的)biology,energy,and much more.You can also take part in the interactive activities,such as racing bubbles,digging for dinosaur fossils,using puzzle pieces to construct cars,and so much more.The Davis Planetarium(天文馆)At the Davis Planetarium,you can lie back in a chair and look at the stars while still inside the Science Center. The stars will appear on the ceiling of the theatre as you watch them.There are different shows to catch at the Davis Planetarium.You can learn about the galaxy and astronomy during the Dark Matters show.Learn about the stars and planets during the Sky Live show.The One World One Sky show allows children to explore the stars.The Live from the Sun show will teach you all about the hot sun.The Kids RoomFor children,they can't miss the Kids Room.They will be able to play in a water area,construct dams and water towers,push buttons,ring doorbells,build with blocks,and more,and definitely they will learn alot.In addition,there is also an area for kids of two years old and under,where they can crawl,walk and explore safely with soft toys.1.What do we know about the Maryland Science Center?A.It charges different prices for parents and Children.B.It is regarded as the most popular museum in Maryland.C.It is a museum where there are many famous exhibitions.D.It is mainly designed for children and their families to play together.2.Which activity is not available in the Maryland Science Center?A.Taking part in bubble competitions.B.Learning the structure of the human body.C.Watching famous science fiction films.D.Gaining knowledge of marine creatures.3.If you want to know why the sun shines,which show should you choose?A.Dark Matters.B.Live from the Sun.C.One World One Sky.D.Sky Live.4.What can we learn about the Kids Room from the passage?A.It is designed for parents who have children.B.It provides a good opportunity for parents to relax.C.Children there need to be accompanied by their parents.D.It is a good place for children to learn and play at the same time.5.Where is the passage most probably taken from?A.A newspaper.B.A science journal.C.A marketing report.D.A travel brochure(小册子).BEvery May it happens.I drop to my knees,just outside the back door,raise my arms to the sky and shout,"That's it!I give up!Take my flower beds,you killer weeds!Blackberry vines(藤蔓),this land is yours!Vines,climb up and kill my trees one by one!I’m done!”Then I get up,lie down on the swing,and close my eyes.I'm sure I can hear the weeds growing and the vines creeping in(悄悄爬进).I swear they are all laughing at me,too.They don't even have the manners to wait until I leave there.There is no denying that gardens are battle zones in the spring.I blame it on those April and Mayrains.Once the heat moves in,I can control what gets watered and survives,but those early showers even out (平均分配)the battlefield.Garden tools alone make it clear that gardening isn't an easy thing.My old cart seems to have the personality of a tank,and I'm pretty sure my spade is second cousin to a dagger.By late June,both sides are worn down.I've given some of the yard over to the weeds—you just can't win them all.That's a battle for next year.There is no clear victory for me,but I've stood my ground for yet another season.6.What is the best title of the passage?A.A victory over weeds.B.My love for the yard.C.A battle against weeds.D.The skills of gardening.7.What does the underlined "it" in Paragraph 1 most probably refer to?A.That heat moves in and evens out the battlefield.B.That vines creep in and kill all the trees one by one.C.That weeds take whole possession of the flower beds.D.That the author gets exhausted from fighting against weeds.8.What can we know from Paragraph 3?A.Spring is the best time to kill weeds.B.Spring's heal helps weeds to win the battle.C.The rain makes it hard for the author to win her battle.D.The spring rain makes the plants to suffer too much.9.Why does the author compare her garden tools to weapons?A.To show the power of the tools.B.To stress the difficulty of gardening.C.To describe the shapes of the tools.D.To provide ways of gardening.10.What can we learn according to the passage?A.The author is exhausted by the battle and has finally given up.B.The author has decided to battle with the weeds next year.C.The author enjoys the battle with the weeds and expect another fight.D.The author does not want to kill all the weeds since they are also helpful.CEvery one can try his best to achieve.We don't need to be the best,but to tough out the limits of what we are capable of.I gained this belief from my third grade teacher,the mast special honored,trustworthy,and loved person in my life.Mr.Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to eight-year-olds d idn’t mean he had to sacrifice proper statements or grammars.And he was demanding but he wasn't unreasonable or cruel.He simply felt that no matter what your best was,you should achieve it.As luck would have it,I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher.I was not,nor ever will be,gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class."I don't know the answer,"I would say,"I can’t do it!"“Perhaps you don't know the answer,”he wou ld say quietly."Do you think we might figure it out together?How do you know what you can do until you try?"Mr.Myrus lived around the comer,and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden.I knew there was someone who let me know that if I had really tried,that was enough."Don't be so hard on yourself,"he'd say."Stop blaming yourself.Did you try your best?Well,then you're not a failure,"he often told me these words.Mr.Myrus died in 1978.I had never thought about his death.He was too young.I felt sorry.But when I think about him now,I don't feel so sorry.He taught me to be kind,not only to others,but to myself.He taught me my own value.He taught me about honor,about truth,and about doing my best—and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect.And of all the things I know,this I believe: We can't all be “the best”,but we can,each of us,be our best,and I know that's true because Mr.Myrus told me that.11.What can we learn about Mr.Myrus according to the passage?A.He is usually hard on the students.B.He is responsible for his students and his teaching.C.He is a person who isn't particular about what be wears.D.He sometimes is cruel and unreasonable to his students.12.What does the underlined word “dema ndi ng” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A.Strict.B.Serious.C.Critical.D.Careful.13.Why did the author think he was a lucky dog?A.He had got a great belief from his teacher.B.Mr.Myrus trad been his teacher for eightyears.C.He became interested in math because of Mr.Myrus.D.He developed a good relationship with Mr.Myrus.14.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A.Mr.Myrus thought it very easy to learn math.B.The author preferred other subjects to math.C.The author was ashamed to admit his poor math.D.Mr.Myrus helped the author build up his confidence.15.What can we conclude by reading the passage?A.The author may have become a teacher.B.The author liked to recall his childhood.C.The author believed he would be the best of all.D.The author ended up being a man of self-confidence.DIn an unmanned supermarket,a customer waits to pay.With the use of advanced digital payment technology, including biological recognition and in-depth learning,the man leaves in a minute.There's no cashier in the store.At a large university,students use a hand-scanning machine that authorizes their entry into the gym.Those people are using “smart mac hi nes” which iden tify people by their physical characteristics.These new devices use fingers,hands, faces,eyes and voices.Some machines may even use smells.This new technology,called biometrics,gets information from parts of the body.In the past,biometric machines were used mainly in government agencies or in prisons.But now that the cost of the technology is lower,these machines are starting to be used everywhere,from border services to schools.Some people,however,are concerned that these machines will mean the destruction of personal privacy.They worry that the machines will get personal information about them.“I know it seems like these machines are invading our privacy,but actually,biometric machines help to protect it,”say s Jay Tarkett,who works at a company that develops the machines.“They can be used instead of passwords on a computer,for example.They can also identify criminals at airports.So,really,they help to promote public safety,and all the information stored is kept conf idential by the machine itself.”Some people don't like the idea of using fingerprints because they associate them with criminals,andfeel like they are being accused of something.In addition,they don't work for some people,such as bricklayers,who wear down their fingerprints.Yet,face recognition does work well because the subject doesn't really have to do anything.To cash a check at a bank,for example,the customer has to do nothing more than look at a machine similar to an automatic teller.If the face matches the picture kept on fie,the customer gets the money with no problems.The need to carry identification with you from place to place,then,would all but cease.It has been found that the hand scan works well in the college gym.Before this machine was used,students at the college entered the gym using cards similar to credit cards.The problem was that students often lost or forgot their cards.With the hand-scanning machine,however,the problem was solved right away.But the machines are still new,and there can be problems.For example,voice recognition works on the phone, but it is not precise,and can be tricked.Another constraint(限制)we notice,with machines that use face recognition in particular,is that they can be fooled if people color their hair or gain a lot of weight.However,this particular problem may be solved by a new type of technology that scans a person's iris,the colored part of the eye.It can even identify the person from a few feet away,recognizing a customer as he or she approaches the ATM.16.What's the author's intention by presenting two examples in Paragraph 1?A.To stress how smart machines work.B.To bring in the topic of the passage.C.To show the popularity of smart machines.D.To introduce the convenience smart machines offer.17.Why don't people like using finger-prints while using the machine?A.They want to keep their mistakes a secret.B.They don't want to damage their fingers.C.They are afraid of losing money in the bank.D.They are afraid of being thought of as criminals.18.Why are biometric machines starting to be used in many fields?A.They are not as expensive as they were.B.They no longer invade people's privacy.C.People enjoy face and voice recognition.D.Criminals are often hidden at airports.19.What is the author's attitude towards the new technology?A.Worried.B.Bitter.C.Optimistic.D.Satisfied.20.What is the passage mainly about?A.An introduction to biometric machines.B.An advertisement for biometric machines.C.A brief description of hand scanning machines.D.An analysis of biometric machines' value in economy.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018--2019高三英语第一次月考试题第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A .Study up on Afican American inventorsWe celebrate Black History Month in February ,but you should be thanking these African American inventors year-round!Their innovative ideas helped change the world.Thomas L. Jennings was one of the very first black inventors to get a patent in 1821. Jeni ngs’s creation— a dry-cleaning method —is just one of thousands dreamed up by Americans .Here are some cool creations.Levis Latimer( 1848-1928) contributed to a better lightbulb in 1881 with an improved type of carbon filament(碳丝)。
He worked with Thomas Edison.George Crum( 1822-1914) cooked up potato chips in 1853.After hearing that his fries were too thick, he sliced up a potato thinly and fried it .The flat fries were a hit ,and chips were born.George Washiongton Carver(1864-1943) mixed up more than 300 products from peanuts. He also found 75 uses for pecans(美洲山核桃).Elijah McCoy(1843-1929) was on the right track when he came up with his oil-dripping cup. The device kept engines oiled so trains don’t need to stop to keep from overheating.John Lee Love was a sharp guy. He invented a type of pencil sharpener so he didn’t have to use a knife to perfect his pencil’s point. He patented the device in 1897.Charles Drew(1904-1950) came up with a great idea for saving lives.He figured out a way to preserve blood .His idea for blood banks has helped countless people.Patricia Bath(1942-) created a device that made eye surgery(手术) safer and faster. The first African American female doctor to get a patent also started an eye institute in 1976.You’d better not forget Madam C.J.Walker (1867-1919)! She dreamed up a product to regrow hair .The dream cream made her millions of dollars.21.Who made a contribution public transportation?A. Levis LatimerB. George Washiongton CarverC. Elijah McCoyD. John Lee Love22.Whose inventions were of great significance to medical science?A.Thomas L. Jennings’s﹠George Crum’sB.George Washiongton Carver’s ﹠Elijah McCoy’sC. Charles Drew’s﹠Patricia Bath’sD. Madam C.J.Walker’s ﹠Lewis Latimer’s23.The passage is written_______ .A. to introduce some important inventions .B.in honor of African Americans inventors.C.to remind readers to respect African Americans.D. to tell readers how to come up with innovative ideas.BAlthough most hitchhikers (搭便车的人) are people, passers-by tend to ignore them because they are cautious about giving rides to strangers. But what will they do if they come across a hitchhiking robot? Will they take it to its destination or will they just leave the helpless machine by the wayside?That is die answer Canadian professors, David Harris Smith and Frauke Zeller, who study the relationship between humans and technology, are seeking for after they came up with the idea of building a hitchhiking robot.HitchBOT is built with cheap household items. Thanks to a PC tablet, GPS tracker and camera, hitchBOT not only can send its thoughts and pictures to the general public, but also can answer general questions and keep drivers entertained with small talks. The smart robot is even able to quote interesting facts about the areas it has passed through.Not surprisingly, many people are doubtful about hitchBOT’s ability. Most people think the cute robot will be damaged by someone. Actually, they are all wrong. The robot hitchhiked all the way from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Victoria, British Columbia, a distance of 3,700 miles. It was first picked up on July 27th by an elderly couple. It not only reached its destination on August 21st, but also had some amazing adventures along the way. It visited national parks, went fishing, went camping, and even attended a wedding where it experienced its first dance and interrupted the bride’s speech.In addition to helping it get to its destination, its Canadian fans have gone out to ensure its safety from covering the robot with a plastic cape (披肩) to help keep it dry to ensuring that it stays healthy with motor oil.24. Why is the hitchhiking robot built?A. To help passers-by reach their destinations.B. To find out how people might react to it.C. To see if it will give rides to strangers.D. To entertain drivers on their way.25. The hitchBOT can do all of the following except .A. talking with the driverB. dancing with peopleC. sending its thoughts and picturesD. answering any question raised26. How long did it take the hitchBOT to reach its destination?A. Nearly a month.B. Over one month.C. Two months.D. One week.27. What can we learn about the hitchBOT?A. It was ignored by an elderly couple.B. It didn’t meet with any danger along the way.C. It experienced a long and amazing journey.D. It will be put into the market quickly.In today’s fiercely competitive business environment, companies need to communicate information concerning a whole range of issues i n a clear and precise manner to their customers. This is particularly so in the case of companies do business in areas such as manufacturing, information technology (IT), engineering products and services — companies whose products and services may not be understood by a customer not familiar with its technical aspects.These communication materials are prepared in a company these days by “technical writers” —people who can effectively communicate to an intended audience.Technical writing and riling text-books are poles apart. The former it aimed at those who do not have an in-depth knowledge about a product and therefore should be direct and easy to understand. Too many technical terms would only add to the confusion of the customer. Technical writers first need to understand the technical information themselves before trying to communicate it in easier language to the customers. Even graduates of English literature are often found wanting when it comes to creative and effective writing.This simply means that those wit h a Bachelor’s degree in English Literature along with a diploma/degree in Journalism and having a Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications (PGDCA) are ideal (理想的) candidates for being employed as technical writers.A career in technical writing is seen as a good choice for women mainly because it is widely held that women are more gifted in creative writing than men and the job does not involve too much travelling or working at night.28. What are “technical writers” supposed to do?A. To write about the company’s products or services in clear, easy language.B. To write about the company’s products using correct technical terms.C. To effectively communicate to an intended audience by writing letters.D. To travel around to persuade people to buy the company’s products or services.29. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “wanting” inParagraph 3?A. being needed.B. wanting to write.C. hoping to be employed.D. lacking in ability.30. What would happen if many technical terms are used in technical writing?A. It would sound too formal.B. It would help engineers a lot.C. It would confuse the customer.D. It would produce a better effect.31. Who would be the best candidate for a technical writer?A. A man with degrees in English literature and Journalism and a PGDCA.B. A female with degrees in English literature and Journalism and a PGDCA.C. A male graduate of English literature with a diploma in Journalism.D. A woman with a degree in English literature along with a diploma in Journalism.DSea turtles are one of several species that have temperature-dependent sex determination. The number of female babies increases when nests are made in warmer sands.A recent study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,California State University and Worldwide Fund for Nature Australia examined two genetically distinct pop ulations of green sea turtles living in the Great Barrier Reef. The study found that a group of about 200,000 turtles living in the northern part of the reef was almost entirely female.While the southern population was 65 t0 69 percent female, females in the northern group accounted for 99.1 percent of young turtles and 86.8 percent of adults.After combining their results with temperature data, the scientists in charge of the study found that the northern green turtles have been producing mainly females for more than two decades and that the complete feminization(雌性化) of this population is possible in the near future.The temperature at which the turtles will produce male or female babies can be passed on to the turtles' children. Most sea turtle populations are now producing offspring above the most suitable temperature, making it clear that climate change poses a serious threat to the survival of these populations.The chief executive of World Wildlife Fund Australia, Dermot O'Gorman, said this is another sign of the impact of climate change, following recent research that shows that coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) events are occurring far more frequently than in the past."We’ve had two years where we've had mass bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef," he told Guardian Australia. "That's a very visible sign of the impact of climate change. But this is a quiet change. We can't see the impact it's having on a turtle population until a study like this shows some long-term trends.”The lead author of the paper, Dr Michael Jensen, said the findings represent a major environmental conservation issue. O'Gorman said more urgent action on climate change is clearly needed, adding that some conservationists have already taken practical measures, such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature, and reducing bycatch in the fishing industry. ¨Shade cloth can be used in certain places, but there's a limit to the scale you can do that," he said. “Now every large male who can reproduce is going to be even more important.”32.According to the research on Great Barrier Reef's green sea turtles,____.A. about 65 t0 69 percent of northern turtles are femaleB. 86.8 percent of southern turtles have grown up to adultsC. the feminization of green sea turtles could become worseD. adult green sea turtles can change their sex in warmer places33. Why did O'Gorman mention coral bleaching?A. To suggest that climate change poses more risks to coral than turtles.B. To compare the living environments of turtles and coral.C. To urge people to take practical measures to fight climate change.D. To stress this discovery about green sea turtles is very valuable.34. Conservationists are taking action toA. keep the sea turtles' nests coolB. stop the illegal fishing of green sea turtlesC. expand the size of the green sea turtles' nesting placesD. build special nests for turtles to produce offspring35. Which would be the best title for the article?A. How climate change affects ocean creaturesB. Invisible change caused by global warming exposedC. Necessity of protecting green sea turtles and their habitatD. Global green sea turtle populations in greater danger.第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。