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2009年高考英语第一轮复习常考经典易错词汇短语辨析精析

2009年高考英语第一轮复习常考经典易错词汇短语辨析精析
2009年高考英语第一轮复习常考经典易错词汇短语辨析精析

2009年高考英语第一轮复习常考经典易错词汇短语辨析精析travel, trip, journey的用法区别

三者均可表示“旅行”,区别如下:

1. travel 泛指一般意义的旅行,是不可数名词。如:

He is fond of travel (= travelling)。他喜欢旅行。 Travel is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。

注:有时可用复数形式,主要指时间较长的各处旅行,此时通常有物主代词修饰,但是尽管用了复数形式,却不能与 many 或数词连用。如:

He‘s gone off on his travels again. 他又外出旅行了。

另外,travel 通常只是泛指旅行,而不特指某次具体的旅行,所以通常不说:How was your travel?

2. journey 通常指远距离的陆地旅行,并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如:

I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。

He made a journey to Beijing. 他去北京旅行了。

注:journey 有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”,而只是表示走过一段距离。如:

How long is your journey to work?你上班要走多远?

3. trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行,并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程),不过有时 trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行,可与 journey 换用,比 journey 更通俗。如: A:Where is John?约翰在哪里?

B:He‘s on a trip to Shanghai. 他去上海旅行了。

He‘ll make a round-the-world trip. 他将周游世界。

affect, effect, influence用法区别

区别一:affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”,其区别是:前者是动词(及物),主要指一时的影响,着重影响的动作,可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏),也可指不良影响;后者是名词(可数或不可数),两者的关系大致为:affect=have an effect on.如:

To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。

The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。

注:effect 有时虽用作动词(及物),但不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”或“产生”等。如:

They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了。

He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司发生了巨大的变化。

区别二:influence 表示“影响”,主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数,但有时可连用不定冠词)。如:

What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。

Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。

It‘s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。

aloud, loud, loudly的用法区别

1. aloud的用法

aloud 只用作副词,不用作形容词,注意以下用法:(1)强调“出声”,即把话说出来,而不是在心里默默地“说”,通常与动词 read, speak, think 等动词连用。如: read aloud 朗读 think aloud 自言自语地说(2)表示“大声地”,通常与动词 cry, laugh, shout,call 等动词连用,如:

The boy is crying aloud. 这男孩子在大声哭。

She called aloud for help. 她大声呼救。

2. lould的用法

loud 表示“大声”或“响亮”,可用作形容词和副词:(1)用作形容词。如:

He has a loud voice. 他嗓子大。

The music is too loud; please turn it down. 这音乐太吵人了,请把音量关小一点。

(2)用作副词(与 loudly 同义),一般只与动词 speak,talk, laugh, sing 等连用,且必须放在这些动词之后。如:

I can‘t hear you, please speak louder. 我听不见,请说大声些。

3. loudly的用法

loudly 只用作副词(与用作副词的 loud 同义)。如:

Don‘t talk so loudly [loud]. 别这么大声讲话。

注:loudly 比用作副词的 loud 使用范围更广,它除与speak,talk,laugh 等动词连用外,还可与其他表示声响的动词连用,且可以放在这些动词之前或之后。如:

The man snored loudly. 这个人鼾声打得响。

He heard a cocklock loudly crow. 他听见雄鸡大声啼叫。

另外,在用于比较级或最高级时,通常用 loud,而不用loudly.如:

Who laughed loudest?谁笑的声音最大?

in the air与on the air

1. in the air 在空中;在流传中;渺茫。如:

Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞。

There was thunder in the air. 天上打着雷。

The plan is quite (up) in the air. 计划还相当渺茫。 Look, hold it uP in the air like this. 看着,像这样把它举在空中。

2. on the air 在广播中。如:

The show is on the air. 演出正在转播。

I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。

What‘s on the air this evening?今晚有什么广播节目? The show is on the air at seven o‘clock. 这次演出七点钟播出。

until与till的用法区别

用作介词或连词,意为“直到(……为止”,两者常可换用,只是 until 比 till 稍正式,所以在正式文体中,一般用 until,而在口语或非正式文体中则两者都可用。从其后所接成分来看,till多与名词或较短的从句连用,而较长较复杂的成分多用until,位于句首时也多用 until.

两者在用法上应注意以下几点:

1. 相关主句谓语必须是持续性动词,若是终止性动词,则应为否定式(因为终止性动词一旦被否定就成为状态,便可持续)。如:

We waited until [till] he came. 我们一直等到他来。

We didn‘t leave until [till] he came. 直到他来我们才走。

2. 引导时间状语从句时,其谓语要用现在时表示将来意义。如:

I won‘t leave until he comes back tomorrow. 我要等他明天回来再走。

3. 有时其后可跟副词、介词短语或从句等。如:

He has been ill until recently. 他最近一直生病。

She didn‘t return until after twelve o’clock. 直到12 点过后她才回来。

They didn‘t reach the station until after the train had left. 直到火车开走之后,他们才到达车站。

Until when are you going to stay here?你在这儿要待到什么时候?

before long与long before

1.before long 的意断是“不久,很快”。如:

I‘ll be back before long. 不久我就回来。

Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。

2.long before有两个用法:

(1)老早,早就(单独使用,表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。如:

She had left long before. 她老早就离开了。

That had happened long before. 那事老早就发生了。

注:long ago 表示“很久以前”,?指的是从现在算起的很久以前,通常与一般过去时连用:

I met him long ago. 我很久以前就认识他了。

(2)在……的很久以前,在还没有……的很久以前。如: She had left long before his return [he returned]. 在他回来的很久以前她就走了。

He had worked in the factory long before he got married. 在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。

注:此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时,但有时也可用一般过去时(因为 before 已体现了动作的先后关系)。如:

This happened long before you were born. 这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。

另外注意以下句式:

It is [was, will be] long before……在……前需要很久。如:

It was long before he came back. 过了好久他才回来。 It won‘t be long before we see each other. 不久我们又会见面的。

比较:

It wasn‘t long before he realized his mistake. / Before long he realized his mistake. 不久他意识到了自己的错误。同义词辨析agree with, agree to和agree on

辨析agree with, agree to和agree on

(1)agree with的意思是“同意”,“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。如:

Does she agree with us?她同意我们的意见吗?

None of us agree with what you said.我们没有一个人同意你讲的话。

(2)agree with还有“与……一致”,“(气候、食物等)适合”的意思。如:

His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。 Too much meat doesn‘t agree with her.吃太多食物对她身体不合适。

注意:agree with不能用于被动语态。

(3)agree to意为“同意”,“赞成”,后面跟表示“提议”,“办法”,“计划”,“安排”等的名词或代词。如:

Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。

This plan has now been agreed to.这个计划已经被认可了。

(4)agree on表示“对……取得一致意见”,指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。如:

After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire.经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议。

They all agree on the matter.他们在这个问题上意见一致。

besides,but,except 的用法辨析

1. 基本区别

三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:

Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。

Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。

注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有……”,与but, except 同义。如:

No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。

2. 关于 but 与 except

(1)两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:

All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。

All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。

(2)在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:

① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等

② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等

③ every, everyone, everybody, everything,everywhere 等

④ all, none 等

⑤ who, what, where 等

Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。

I haven't told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。

No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。

一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。

误:The window is never opened but in summer. (3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:除我之外每个人都累了。

正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.

正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.

误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.

注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:

正:Except for me, everyone is tired.

3. 关于 except 与 except for:

except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:

All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。

His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。

注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但except 通常不用于句首)。

4. 关于 except for 与 but for:

except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:

Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。

But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。

But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。

5. besides的其他用法

besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:

I don't want to go; besides, I'm too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。

This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。

副词辨析fairly,quite,rather,very,pretty

这几个词都可表示程度,用法区别如下:

含义上的区别

(1) fairly 语气最轻,尽管经常与褒义词连用,但由于语气较弱,往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏,通常译为“还算”、“相当”。比如要说某部电影 fairly good,指的可能是还勉强过得去,只是没有否定。

(2) quite 语气稍重,意为“颇”或“相当”。要是说某一部电影quite good,那是说这部电影相当不错,虽不是最好,但至少值得看。

(3) rather 或 pretty 在语气上又稍重一点,意为“十分”或“相当”(pretty 不如 rather 正式)。要是说某一部电影 rather / pretty good,指的是这电影相当不错,语气比较重,意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料地好。

两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与褒义词连用,表示一种愉快的心情;与贬义(包括中性)词连用,表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。如:a rather [pretty] good play 相当好的戏rather [pretty] poor work 相当差的工作

(4) very 语气最强,意为“很”或“非常”。要是说某一部电影very good,这是说这部电影很不错,算得上是精品之作。

这些词语气的轻重可大致描述为:(not)→ fairly →quite → rather / pretty → very

用法上的差别

(1)以上各词中,只有 rather 可以与比较级以及副词 too (太)连用。如:It‘s rather warmer today. 今天暖和多了。 This one is rather too large. 这个稍大了一点。

注:quite 有时也与比较级连用,但通常只限于 quite better (身体好)这一表达中。

(2) rather 和 quite 有时可直接修饰动词,而其他几个副词一般不这样用。如:I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。

We rather like the book. 我们很喜欢这本书。

(3) rather, quite 与“冠词+形容词+名词”连用时,通常置于冠词之前,有时也可放在冠词之后。但遇此类似情况,very 或 fairly 则只能放在冠词之后(形容词之前)。如:It ‘s quite /rather a good idea. / It’s a quite/rather good idea. 那可真是个好主意。

注:若此结构中没有形容词,则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前。如:It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。

(4)修饰不可分级的形容词(如:right, wrong, ready,full, empty, perfect, impossible, alone, unique 等,通常只用 quite,此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”。如:You‘re quite right (wrong)。你完全正确(错了)。

That‘s quite impossible. 那完全不可能

either...or和neither...nor的用法区别

一、either……or……

either……or……意为"或者……或者……;不是……就是……"之意。表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如:

When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳。(此句中either……or……连接两个动词,因为主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词要用其相应的形式。)

either……or……连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的"就近原则".例如:

Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。

注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形式与主语you 保持一致,所以要用are提问,而不是am.例如:

Are either you or I going there tomorrow?明天是你还是我去那里?

Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为:Do either you or he have lunch at school?是你还是他在学校吃午饭?

若要对either……or……句型进行否定时,只需把either……or……换成neither……nor……即可。例如:

Either you or she is good at drawing. 变为否定句应为:Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。

我们还可以单独使用either,其意为"两者中的任何一个".例如:

There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。

或:There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。

either用在否定句的句末,表示"也"的意思。例如:

If you don\'t go there. I won\'t, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。

二、neither……nor……

neither……nor……表示"既不……也不……".其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如:

She likes neither butter nor cheese.她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither……nor……连接两个宾语。当neither……nor……连接两个主语时,也应遵循"就近原则".例如:

Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。

若将neither……nor……句型变为肯定句,只需把neither……nor……改为both……and……即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如:

Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。

还可以单独使用neither作主语,表示"两者中没有一个".例如:

Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。 neither或nor还有另外一种用法,就是当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词+主语。例如:

He doesn\'t go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是。

英语高考高频词汇-短语

英语高考高频词汇-短语

英语高考高频词汇短语 1. abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈从于(某种感情或冲动);沉迷于 2. have an (the )ability to do sth. ( have the ability in doing sth.)有能力做某事 3. to the best of one's ability 尽某人最大的力 4. be about to do when…正准备做某事突然。。。 5. above all 首先,最重要;in all 总计after all 毕竟; 终究all in all总之 6 .at home and abroad 在国内外go abroad 出国 7. in sb.'s absence /in the absence of sb.当(某人)不在时be absent from 缺席 8. be absorbed in 全神贯注于;专心于 9. have (easy/hard)access to sth. 接近;进入;使用;可以用….(零冠词) 10. by accident 偶然;意外地=by chance by mistake 由于错误 11. be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽误 12. be accompanied by 附有;伴随;相伴而生keep sb. accompanied=keep sb. company 13. according to (后面不接view, opinion…); in my opinion

14. collect accounts收账;open an account 开账户;keep accounts 记账; account for说明; give a full account of 做一个完整的说明; on account of=beca us e of 因为accounting department会计室; 15 .acc us e sb. of…控告某人charge sb. with sth. 起诉某人blame sb. for sth. 责备某人 16. be acc us tomed to sth.( to doing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing sth.)习惯于做某事 17. have some acquaintance with 熟悉;熟知He is just an acquaintance 18 .come (run) across (偶然)碰到=meet with ; get sth. across 使人理解;领会 19. act as充当,担任act out 表演(对话、故事);把。。。付诸于行动act on(upon) 对。。。起作用 20 .catch sb. (in the act of) doing sth. 抓住某人干某事;take action 采取行动 21. be active in 在…积极take an active part in 积极参加lead an active life过着积极的生活 22. adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt sth. to 使某物适应adapt from 根据。。。改写 23. add in 包括;添加;加进去add to 增加;加强add…to 把。。。加到。。。上

备战英语高考:高考英语常考短语汇编

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