考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解系列——2015年阅读Text 4(下)

深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。

考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。

因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。

下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。

第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。

作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。

这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。

虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。

只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。

首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。

接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。

很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。

最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。

36题是一个细节题。

可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。

第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。

结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。

2015年英语一阅读四1. What is the main topic of the passage?The main topic of the passage is urban planning and urban development. It discusses the challenges and strategies related to the growth and management of cities.2. What are the factors that contribute to the rapid urbanization in China?Several factors contribute to the rapid urbanization in China. One important factor is rural-to-urban migration, as people move from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and living conditions. Economic development and industrialization also play a significant role in driving urbanization. Additionally, government policies and investments in infrastructure development contribute to the growth of cities.3. What are the challenges faced by Chinese cities dueto rapid urbanization?Rapid urbanization in China poses various challenges to cities. One major challenge is the strain on urban infrastructure, such as transportation, housing, and public services. The influx of migrants and the increasing population density put pressure on these resources. Environmental issues, including pollution and depletion of natural resources, are also significant challenges. Moreover, social issues like income inequality, social exclusion, and inadequate social welfare systems arise as cities expand.4. What strategies have been implemented to address the challenges of urbanization?To address the challenges of urbanization, China has implemented several strategies. One approach is the development of new towns and satellite cities to alleviate the pressure on major urban centers. The government has also invested in the improvement of infrastructure, including the construction of transportation networks andaffordable housing projects. Efforts have been made to promote sustainable development and environmentalprotection through initiatives like green buildingpractices and the use of renewable energy sources. Additionally, policies have been introduced to addresssocial issues, such as the provision of social welfare services and the improvement of public education.5. How does urbanization impact the environment?Urbanization has a significant impact on the environment. The rapid expansion of cities leads to increased energy consumption, resulting in higher levels of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban development often leads to deforestation and loss of natural habitats, affecting biodiversity. The increased demand for resources, such as water and land, puts pressure on ecosystems. Additionally, urban areas generate large amounts of waste, which can pose challenges for proper disposal and recycling.6. What are the potential benefits of urbanization?Urbanization also brings potential benefits. Cities provide opportunities for economic growth and job creation. They act as centers for innovation, education, and cultural exchange. Urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and other services. Additionally, cities can promote social integration and diversity, fostering a vibrant and dynamic society.7. Are there any negative consequences of rapid urbanization?Yes, there are negative consequences of rapid urbanization. Some of the negative consequences include increased traffic congestion, overcrowding, and high living costs in cities. Rapid urbanization can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of cultural heritage. It can also exacerbate social inequalities, as not everyone benefits equally from urban development. Moreover, the strain on resources and infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation and public health issues.8. How can sustainable urban planning contribute tobalanced urban development?Sustainable urban planning can contribute to balanced urban development by considering environmental, social, and economic factors. It involves designing cities in a waythat minimizes negative impacts on the environment and promotes resource efficiency. It also focuses on creating inclusive and livable communities, ensuring access to essential services for all residents. Sustainable urban planning aims to achieve a balance between economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection.总结起来，2015年英语一阅读四主要讨论了中国城市规划和城市发展的话题。

2015考研词汇速成spectacular a.壮观的n.惊人之举第一部分身体部位及人物关系spectator n.观众，旁观者(一)眼speculate vi.推测2.投机vt.推测spec, spect, spic, spisef speculation n.思索，做投机买卖respect speculative a.思索的，推测的respectable adj.值得尊敬的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3.面貌，外观Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who is C spectrum n .1.光谱2.范围，幅度A. in flue ntialB. modestC. respectableD. tale nted (2011. Text 1-22) vid,vis，看见respectful a.恭敬的，尊敬的video n.录相带a.视频的disrespectful a.无礼的view n. 1.看法2.景色vt.看待respective a.各自的viewpoi nt n.观点respectively ad.各自地visitor n.参观者，访问者，来客retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi.回evide nt a.明显的，明白的顾，追溯，回想review n./vt. 1.审查2.复习3.评论4.检….raising a child can bring happ in ess in 阅retrospect …..(2011 text 4) visibleprospect n.前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察in visible 看不见的，无形的The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1). visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化prospective a.预期的，未来的visual 视力的expect visit 参观expectati on n.期待；预期；指望visio n n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。

考研英语〔一〕高频重点单词详解—2012年阅读Text 2〔上〕本文选自?波士顿环球报?(The Boston Globe)，原文标题为Vermont Yankee plant’s owner must honor its own promises,这是一篇关于核电站守信的文章，文章虽然较难，但是后面的题目设置比拟简单，可以在原文中找到答案，但前提是读懂其中的核心关键词。

接下来就让我们一起来学习本篇中的重点词汇。

1. 3 outrage ['aʊtreɪdʒ]n. 1. 义愤，愤慨 2. 暴行 vt. 激起…的义愤，激怒【词根记忆】：out (外面，超出) +rage (生气，愤怒)→特别生气,出离愤怒→义愤，愤慨→对什么事情特别生气→暴行，骇人听闻的事件【真题例句】：The pany, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding mitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供给商。

它上星期在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，而且这种愤怒符合情理。

(2012年阅读Text 2)2. 2 abide [ə'baɪd]v. (by) 1. 遵守 2. 坚持 3. 忍受【词根记忆】：a(强调)+bide(咬)→咬牙坚持，咬牙忍受，遵守也是一种坚持→坚持，忍受，遵守【真题例句】：It was reneging on a longstanding mitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 它将违背“遵守严格的核平安条例〞这一长期许诺。

考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2015年阅读Text4本文选自2014年6月29日The Observer上一篇名为As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life的文章，主要通过《世界新闻报》电话窃听案的审理这一事件，分析了当前社会中道德丧失问题存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中的一系列体现。

全文中在长难句方面，难度还是比较大的。

作为2015年阅读部分的第四篇文章，其中的复杂长难句不算少，其中又多集中在前半部分，句子较长且内容又涉及电话窃听案，因此给考生们造成了理解上的困难，尤其是对该热点没有太多关注的同学来说，读起来就更加困难了。

后半部分的内容涉及对公司管理层的讨论，易于理解，且语言相对简单，所以难度不是特别大。

但是就整体来说，难度集中在前面，会给考生造成较大压力，且不利于理解文章。

下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：【典型例句1】：Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.【例句解析】：本句主干为Integrity had collapsed。

she argued由两个逗号隔开，属插入语，可先不看。

because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market属because of 介词短语引导的原因状语，其中又包含that引导的同位语从句解释说明acceptance的内容。

【难点点拨】：a collective acceptance：一个共同的接受，实际上指的就是“人们普遍认为”。

2015年英语一text4In 2015, the English Language and Composition exam featured Text 4 as one of its reading passages. This particular text presented a thought-provoking argument about the relationship between language and culture. Through careful analysis and interpretation, we can gain a deeper understanding of the passage and its implications.The passage begins by asserting that language is not only a means of communication but also a manifestation of a particular culture. The author argues that language encapsulates the values, traditions, and unique perspectives of a community. To support this claim, various examples are presented, such as the multiple meanings of the word "blue" in Russian or the absence of personal pronouns in Japanese. These linguistic nuances highlight the influence of culture on language and emphasize the importance of language in preserving cultural identity.Furthermore, the passage explores how language shapes the way we perceive the world around us. Different languages have diverse vocabulary and structures that allow speakers to express concepts in distinct manners. For instance, while English uses the word "snow," the Inuit language includes several terms to describe various types of snow. This disparity suggests that language not only reflects cultural differences but also impacts our perception and understanding of reality. By delving into the complexities of language, the author prompts readers to recognize the intimate relationship between language and thought.Moreover, the passage raises questions about the role of language in globalization and the potential loss of diversity. As global communicationexpands, dominant languages such as English increasingly dominate international business and politics. In this context, smaller languages and their associated cultures face the risk of marginalization and potential extinction. The passage calls for the preservation and appreciation of linguistic diversity as a means of safeguarding the rich cultural heritage of different communities.In conclusion, Text 4 from the 2015 English Language and Composition exam presents a compelling argument about the inseparable connection between language and culture. It highlights the inherent link between language and thought, as well as the potential threats to linguistic diversity in the face of globalization. By exploring the impact of language on perception and cultural identity, the passage encourages readers to value and protect the diverse languages that contribute to our global community. In an ever-changing world, understanding and appreciating the importance of language is vital for fostering empathy, promoting multiculturalism, and preserving cultural heritage.(Note: This is a sample article written in response to the given title. The precise content and format of the actual Text 4 in the 2015 English Language and Composition exam may vary.)。

考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文【2015 年 Text4】1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shieldthought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.译文：她认为，这种同样的道德目的缺失正在伤及诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使它更可能如同曾经的大规模非法电话窃听一样误入歧途。

2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.译文：其中揭露的惊人真相之一是丽贝卡•布鲁克斯对于其新闻编辑室中所发生的事情知晓的有多么少，她曾想到要设法过问的事情又有多么少，甚至于她从来都没有询问过这些新闻报道到底是怎么来的。

【2016 年 Text1】1. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.译文：它责令时尚业必须对其发送给女性，尤其是十几岁的少女的信号负责，这些信号是她们必须用来衡量自身个人价值的社会尺度。

百度官方认证店铺：考研资料2015-1Text41-Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.2-Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.3-As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge —the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.分享考研资料，助力考研成功！。

考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2012年阅读Text 4（下）这是一篇关于某些西方国家中存在的社团和政府组成人员关系的政治性文章，文章总体难度不大，其中的超纲单词也不是很多，这篇文章主要是为大家介绍20个高频重点单词，希望大家在学习中，认真复习和准备相应的词汇。

1. 9repeat [rɪ'pɪːt]vt. &vi. /n. 重复，重说，重做【词根记忆】：re(再一次)+peat(走)→一次又一次走→重复，重说，重做【短语搭配】：repeat itself再次发生; 重演be a repeat of 是…的重现【真题例句】：You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction.你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的。

(1993年翻译)2. 68increase ['ɪnkris]vt.&vi.增加，增长，增强【词根记忆】：in(强调)+cre(生长，创作)+se(后缀)→使生长→增长，增强【短语搭配】：increase in(使)在…增加;(使)在…增大increase by增加了;按…增长on the increase正在增加，正在增长【真题例句】：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 所有上述情况都会增加青少年犯罪的可能性，虽然其中的直接因果关系还没有得到证实。

(2004年知识运用)3. 7pension ['pɛnʃən]n. 养老金，抚恤金vt. 发给…养老金(或退职金、抚恤金等)【词根记忆】：pens(支付)+ion(名词)→政府支付给老年人的钱→养老金，抚恤金【短语搭配】：grant a pension to 给予…养老金pension scheme 退休金计划【真题例句】：The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. 国际曲棍球协会主席后来说，这种行为能使该队被禁赛三年。