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深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。
考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。
因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。
下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。
第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。
作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。
这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。
虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。
只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。
首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。
接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。
很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。
最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。
36题是一个细节题。
可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。
第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。
结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。
2015年英语一阅读四1. What is the main topic of the passage?The main topic of the passage is urban planning and urban development. It discusses the challenges and strategies related to the growth and management of cities.2. What are the factors that contribute to the rapid urbanization in China?Several factors contribute to the rapid urbanization in China. One important factor is rural-to-urban migration, as people move from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and living conditions. Economic development and industrialization also play a significant role in driving urbanization. Additionally, government policies and investments in infrastructure development contribute to the growth of cities.3. What are the challenges faced by Chinese cities dueto rapid urbanization?Rapid urbanization in China poses various challenges to cities. One major challenge is the strain on urban infrastructure, such as transportation, housing, and public services. The influx of migrants and the increasing population density put pressure on these resources. Environmental issues, including pollution and depletion of natural resources, are also significant challenges. Moreover, social issues like income inequality, social exclusion, and inadequate social welfare systems arise as cities expand.4. What strategies have been implemented to address the challenges of urbanization?To address the challenges of urbanization, China has implemented several strategies. One approach is the development of new towns and satellite cities to alleviate the pressure on major urban centers. The government has also invested in the improvement of infrastructure, including the construction of transportation networks andaffordable housing projects. Efforts have been made to promote sustainable development and environmentalprotection through initiatives like green buildingpractices and the use of renewable energy sources. Additionally, policies have been introduced to addresssocial issues, such as the provision of social welfare services and the improvement of public education.5. How does urbanization impact the environment?Urbanization has a significant impact on the environment. The rapid expansion of cities leads to increased energy consumption, resulting in higher levels of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban development often leads to deforestation and loss of natural habitats, affecting biodiversity. The increased demand for resources, such as water and land, puts pressure on ecosystems. Additionally, urban areas generate large amounts of waste, which can pose challenges for proper disposal and recycling.6. What are the potential benefits of urbanization?Urbanization also brings potential benefits. Cities provide opportunities for economic growth and job creation. They act as centers for innovation, education, and cultural exchange. Urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and other services. Additionally, cities can promote social integration and diversity, fostering a vibrant and dynamic society.7. Are there any negative consequences of rapid urbanization?Yes, there are negative consequences of rapid urbanization. Some of the negative consequences include increased traffic congestion, overcrowding, and high living costs in cities. Rapid urbanization can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of cultural heritage. It can also exacerbate social inequalities, as not everyone benefits equally from urban development. Moreover, the strain on resources and infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation and public health issues.8. How can sustainable urban planning contribute tobalanced urban development?Sustainable urban planning can contribute to balanced urban development by considering environmental, social, and economic factors. It involves designing cities in a waythat minimizes negative impacts on the environment and promotes resource efficiency. It also focuses on creating inclusive and livable communities, ensuring access to essential services for all residents. Sustainable urban planning aims to achieve a balance between economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection.总结起来，2015年英语一阅读四主要讨论了中国城市规划和城市发展的话题。
2015考研词汇速成spectacular a.壮观的n.惊人之举第一部分身体部位及人物关系spectator n.观众，旁观者(一)眼speculate vi.推测2.投机vt.推测spec, spect, spic, spisef speculation n.思索，做投机买卖respect speculative a.思索的，推测的respectable adj.值得尊敬的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3.面貌，外观Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who is C spectrum n .1.光谱2.范围，幅度A. in flue ntialB. modestC. respectableD. tale nted (2011. Text 1-22) vid,vis，看见respectful a.恭敬的，尊敬的video n.录相带a.视频的disrespectful a.无礼的view n. 1.看法2.景色vt.看待respective a.各自的viewpoi nt n.观点respectively ad.各自地visitor n.参观者，访问者，来客retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi.回evide nt a.明显的，明白的顾，追溯，回想review n./vt. 1.审查2.复习3.评论4.检….raising a child can bring happ in ess in 阅retrospect …..(2011 text 4) visibleprospect n.前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察in visible 看不见的，无形的The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1). visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化prospective a.预期的，未来的visual 视力的expect visit 参观expectati on n.期待；预期；指望visio n n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。
考研英语〔一〕高频重点单词详解—2012年阅读Text 2〔上〕本文选自?波士顿环球报?(The Boston Globe)，原文标题为Vermont Yankee plant’s owner must honor its own promises,这是一篇关于核电站守信的文章，文章虽然较难，但是后面的题目设置比拟简单，可以在原文中找到答案，但前提是读懂其中的核心关键词。
接下来就让我们一起来学习本篇中的重点词汇。
1. 3 outrage ['aʊtreɪdʒ]n. 1. 义愤，愤慨 2. 暴行 vt. 激起…的义愤，激怒【词根记忆】：out (外面，超出) +rage (生气，愤怒)→特别生气,出离愤怒→义愤，愤慨→对什么事情特别生气→暴行，骇人听闻的事件【真题例句】：The pany, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding mitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供给商。
它上星期在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，而且这种愤怒符合情理。
(2012年阅读Text 2)2. 2 abide [ə'baɪd]v. (by) 1. 遵守 2. 坚持 3. 忍受【词根记忆】：a(强调)+bide(咬)→咬牙坚持，咬牙忍受，遵守也是一种坚持→坚持，忍受，遵守【真题例句】：It was reneging on a longstanding mitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 它将违背“遵守严格的核平安条例〞这一长期许诺。
考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2015年阅读Text4本文选自2014年6月29日The Observer上一篇名为As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life的文章，主要通过《世界新闻报》电话窃听案的审理这一事件，分析了当前社会中道德丧失问题存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中的一系列体现。
全文中在长难句方面，难度还是比较大的。
作为2015年阅读部分的第四篇文章，其中的复杂长难句不算少，其中又多集中在前半部分，句子较长且内容又涉及电话窃听案，因此给考生们造成了理解上的困难，尤其是对该热点没有太多关注的同学来说，读起来就更加困难了。
后半部分的内容涉及对公司管理层的讨论，易于理解，且语言相对简单，所以难度不是特别大。
但是就整体来说，难度集中在前面，会给考生造成较大压力，且不利于理解文章。
下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：【典型例句1】：Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.【例句解析】：本句主干为Integrity had collapsed。
she argued由两个逗号隔开，属插入语，可先不看。
because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market属because of 介词短语引导的原因状语，其中又包含that引导的同位语从句解释说明acceptance的内容。
【难点点拨】：a collective acceptance：一个共同的接受，实际上指的就是“人们普遍认为”。
2015年英语一text4In 2015, the English Language and Composition exam featured Text 4 as one of its reading passages. This particular text presented a thought-provoking argument about the relationship between language and culture. Through careful analysis and interpretation, we can gain a deeper understanding of the passage and its implications.The passage begins by asserting that language is not only a means of communication but also a manifestation of a particular culture. The author argues that language encapsulates the values, traditions, and unique perspectives of a community. To support this claim, various examples are presented, such as the multiple meanings of the word "blue" in Russian or the absence of personal pronouns in Japanese. These linguistic nuances highlight the influence of culture on language and emphasize the importance of language in preserving cultural identity.Furthermore, the passage explores how language shapes the way we perceive the world around us. Different languages have diverse vocabulary and structures that allow speakers to express concepts in distinct manners. For instance, while English uses the word "snow," the Inuit language includes several terms to describe various types of snow. This disparity suggests that language not only reflects cultural differences but also impacts our perception and understanding of reality. By delving into the complexities of language, the author prompts readers to recognize the intimate relationship between language and thought.Moreover, the passage raises questions about the role of language in globalization and the potential loss of diversity. As global communicationexpands, dominant languages such as English increasingly dominate international business and politics. In this context, smaller languages and their associated cultures face the risk of marginalization and potential extinction. The passage calls for the preservation and appreciation of linguistic diversity as a means of safeguarding the rich cultural heritage of different communities.In conclusion, Text 4 from the 2015 English Language and Composition exam presents a compelling argument about the inseparable connection between language and culture. It highlights the inherent link between language and thought, as well as the potential threats to linguistic diversity in the face of globalization. By exploring the impact of language on perception and cultural identity, the passage encourages readers to value and protect the diverse languages that contribute to our global community. In an ever-changing world, understanding and appreciating the importance of language is vital for fostering empathy, promoting multiculturalism, and preserving cultural heritage.(Note: This is a sample article written in response to the given title. The precise content and format of the actual Text 4 in the 2015 English Language and Composition exam may vary.)。
考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文【2015 年 Text4】1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shieldthought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.译文：她认为，这种同样的道德目的缺失正在伤及诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使它更可能如同曾经的大规模非法电话窃听一样误入歧途。
2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.译文：其中揭露的惊人真相之一是丽贝卡•布鲁克斯对于其新闻编辑室中所发生的事情知晓的有多么少，她曾想到要设法过问的事情又有多么少，甚至于她从来都没有询问过这些新闻报道到底是怎么来的。
【2016 年 Text1】1. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.译文：它责令时尚业必须对其发送给女性，尤其是十几岁的少女的信号负责，这些信号是她们必须用来衡量自身个人价值的社会尺度。
百度官方认证店铺：考研资料2015-1Text41-Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.2-Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.3-As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge —the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.分享考研资料，助力考研成功！。
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2012年阅读Text 4（下）这是一篇关于某些西方国家中存在的社团和政府组成人员关系的政治性文章，文章总体难度不大，其中的超纲单词也不是很多，这篇文章主要是为大家介绍20个高频重点单词，希望大家在学习中，认真复习和准备相应的词汇。
1. 9repeat [rɪ'pɪːt]vt. &vi. /n. 重复，重说，重做【词根记忆】：re(再一次)+peat(走)→一次又一次走→重复，重说，重做【短语搭配】：repeat itself再次发生; 重演be a repeat of 是…的重现【真题例句】：You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction.你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的。
(1993年翻译)2. 68increase ['ɪnkris]vt.&vi.增加，增长，增强【词根记忆】：in(强调)+cre(生长，创作)+se(后缀)→使生长→增长，增强【短语搭配】：increase in(使)在…增加;(使)在…增大increase by增加了;按…增长on the increase正在增加，正在增长【真题例句】：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 所有上述情况都会增加青少年犯罪的可能性，虽然其中的直接因果关系还没有得到证实。
(2004年知识运用)3. 7pension ['pɛnʃən]n. 养老金，抚恤金vt. 发给…养老金(或退职金、抚恤金等)【词根记忆】：pens(支付)+ion(名词)→政府支付给老年人的钱→养老金，抚恤金【短语搭配】：grant a pension to 给予…养老金pension scheme 退休金计划【真题例句】：The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. 国际曲棍球协会主席后来说，这种行为能使该队被禁赛三年。
2015-1Text41-Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.2-Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.3-As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge —the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This saga still unfolds.4-In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.5-In today’s world,it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.。
2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译2015 Text 1Paragraph 11、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。
但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。
1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆2.3 royal英/'rl/ 美/'rl/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的Paragraph 21、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。
深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。
作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。
这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。
虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。
只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。
首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。
接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。
很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。
最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。
36题是一个细节题。
可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。
第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。
结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。
这道题比较容易，通过结合文章的具体信息以及因果逻辑关系（because of）可以直接得出答案。
37题是一道封闭式推理题，该题有一定的难度。
考生需要对第三段的内容结构进行分析。
近五年英语一阅读真题重难点词汇汇总目录2015英语一阅读理解text1 (3)2015英语一阅读理解text2 (4)2015英语一阅读理解text3 (5)2015英语一阅读理解text4 (6)2016英语一阅读理解text1 (7)2016英语一阅读理解text2 (9)2016英语一阅读理解text3 (10)2016英语一阅读理解text4 (12)2017英语一阅读理解text1 (14)2017英语一阅读理解text2 (15)2017英语一阅读理解text3 (16)2017英语一阅读理解text4. (17)2018英语一阅读理解text1 (18)2018英语一阅读理解text2 (19)2018英语一阅读理解text3 (20)2018英语一阅读理解text4 (21)2019英语一阅读理解text1 (22)2019英语一阅读理解text2 (23)2019英语一阅读理解text3 (24)2019英语一阅读理解text4 (25)2015英语一阅读理解text11.abdicate,step/stand down2.embarrassing scandal3.eat one's words4.the writing is on the wall5.magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles6.public opinion is polarised7.embody a spirit of national unity8.the most monarch‐infested region9.counterpart10.a respected public figure11.sth have a downside12.wealthy aristocratic families13.media intrusiveness14.an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world15.non‐controversial and non‐political heads of state2015英语一阅读理解text21.how does the Constitution protect your digital data?2.the Supreme Court3.warrant4.discernable and obvious5.discard6.a vast storehouse of digital information7.arrestee8.citizens have a right to expect private documents to remainprivate9.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy10.as so often is the case11.stating that doesn't ease the challenge of line‐drawing12.invalidate13.they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone date are not erased or altered14.they are entitled to more freedom15.the justices had to specify novel rules16.sort out17.the Fourth Admendment2015英语一阅读理解text31. the journal Science is adding an extra round of statisticalchecks to its peer‐review process2.the journal has appointed seven experts to sth3.manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by sb.4.impel5.to increase reproducibility6.want to model sth.7.methodology8.statistical review is more essential than expert review9.the majority of scientific papers2015英语一阅读理解text41.a collective acceptance2.driving her point home, she continued:"……"3.the absence of purpose4.hack5.phone hacking6.well‐paid executives should not be accountable for sth7.the collective doctrine8.the sorting mechanism of society should be profit2016英语一阅读理解text11.pride oneself as …2.fashion industry3.to employ ultra‐thin on runways4.to ban website5.uplifting motive6.impinge on=do harm to7.take responsibility for …8.look intangible qualities like intellect and character9. a culture that still regards beauty as skin‐deep—and bone‐showing10.meet the government‐defined index of body mass11.it has an inherent problem in doing sth12.peer pressure13.relying on sthA rather than sthB to address ………maybe the best step14.even better would be to do sth对应之中文翻译1.自诩为……，以……为傲2.时尚界3.聘用过于瘦弱的模特走T台4.取缔网站5.具有进步意义的动机，令人振奋的动机6.损害7.对……负责8.关注诸如智力和性格之类的无形的品质9..仍然认为美是表面的、皮包骨的文化10.符合征服所规定的体重指标11.在……存在固有问题(老毛病)12.同行压力13.依靠……而不是……,可能是最佳手段14.更好的方法是……2016英语一阅读理解text21.sth has a curious result2.this has limited political support3.to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever4.national parks and green belts5.to endorse this sentiment6.give rural development priority over conservation7.off‐plan building8.to discontinue local planning9.sth strike terror into sb.10.what is true of London is even truer of the provinces11.he favors out‐of ‐town shopping sites against high streets.12.development should be planned,not let rip.13.doing sth should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.对应之中文翻译1..……有一个奇怪的结果2.……得到的政治支持非常有限3.永远为大家保存自然美景4.国家公园和绿化带5.支持这种观点6.优先考虑乡村开发而不是乡村保护7.规划之外的建筑(xjbz的建筑)8.中断地方规划9.……使某人慌得一批10.这种情况在伦敦都可以，在其他地方就更不必说了11.他支持城外购物场所而不是商业街。
2015年考研英语（一）阅读理解text42015年英语（一）的阅读理解Part A部分与2014年相比没有太大改变，考生在考试过程中应继续秉承正确的方法——先读题目，了解题目的要求，再有目的地回到原文中找正确答案。
Text 4的文章整体来讲不算难，如果对Murdoch（默多克）传媒帝国下属的news of the world（《世界新闻报》）的telephone hacking（电话窃听）丑闻有所了解的话，这篇文章做起来应该是得心应手的，所以多了解背景知识对我们的英语考试有很大帮助。
第36题，According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_____.问Elisabeth因为什么感到生气。
第一段和第二段都是围绕Elisabeth的话展开的，第一段有一个明显的提示词because of，这句话就非常清晰的解释了Elisabeth生气的原因，Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that theonly “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.（诚信崩塌是因为公众都接受这样一个观点：社会的“分拣机制”应该是能盈利的和能做交易的）。
与A选项对应，the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.（现行分拣机制的后果）。
其实就是说Elisabeth主要是因为“dearth of integrity”或“integrity had collapsed”生气，而这正是现行“sorting mechanism”的结果。
第37题，It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that______.可以从第3段推断出什么。
2015 Text 4（英语⼀）Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch 's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the " unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions".两年前，鲁伯特·默多克之⼥伊丽莎⼥曾说“太多的新闻机构有令⼥不安的正直缺失。
”。
Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market.她争辩道，因为公众⼥致认为社会中唯⼥的“分类机制”应该是利益和市场，所以正直早已崩溃。
But "it's us, human beings,we the people who create the society we want, not profit".但“是我们⼥类⼥⼥创造了我们想要的社会，⼥不是利益”。
Driving her point home, she continued:为了把话说得透彻，她继续说道："It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one ofthe most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom ."“政府、新闻媒体或企业内部使命感和道德话语的缺失⼥益表明，它可能会成为资本主义和⼥由最危险的⼥标之⼥”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.她认为，与之相同的道德使命感的缺失也在伤害新闻国际集团这样的公司，新闻国际集团正如同曾经的⼥规模⼥法电话窃听⼥样迷失⼥向。
2015年英语一text42015年英语一的Text 4是关于大数据和隐私权的文章。
以下是我从多个角度全面完整地回答这个问题的回答：Text 4讨论了大数据和隐私权之间的关系。
大数据是指通过收集和分析大规模数据集来获取有关个人和群体行为、趋势和模式的信息。
然而，大数据的收集和分析可能涉及到个人隐私权的问题。
从隐私权的角度来看，大数据的收集和分析可能侵犯个人的隐私。
个人的敏感信息可能被收集和分析，例如个人健康记录、金融交易记录等。
这可能导致个人的隐私暴露，个人的行为和偏好被揭示出来，从而对个人的自由和尊严构成威胁。
另一方面，从大数据的角度来看，大数据的收集和分析可以带来许多好处。
通过分析大数据，可以识别出行为模式和趋势，从而为企业和政府提供更好的决策依据。
例如，通过分析大数据，政府可以更好地了解公众需求，从而提供更好的公共服务。
企业可以通过分析大数据来改进产品和服务，满足消费者的需求。
此外，大数据的收集和分析也可以带来创新和科学发现。
通过分析大数据，可以发现之前未知的关联和规律，从而推动科学研究和技术进步。
例如，在医学领域，通过分析大数据，可以发现新的治疗方法和药物。
然而，为了平衡大数据和隐私权之间的关系，需要制定合适的法律和政策来保护个人隐私。
这可能包括限制数据的收集和使用范围，要求明确的用户同意，以及加强数据安全措施。
同时，个人也需要提高自己的隐私意识，保护自己的个人信息。
总结起来，大数据和隐私权之间存在着复杂的关系。
大数据的收集和分析可以带来许多好处，但也可能侵犯个人的隐私权。
为了平衡这一关系，需要制定合适的法律和政策，并提高个人的隐私意识。
这样才能充分利用大数据的潜力，同时保护个人的隐私权。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解系列——2015年阅读Text 4(下)6. 62increase [ɪnˈkriːs]v. 增加, 增大(数目﹑数量﹑体积等)n. 增加的量【词根记忆】：cre,creas=grow,make,表示”增长,产生”，如：create，in此处表示加强，单词的意义基本由词根决定【短语精选】：a rate of increase增长率【僻义例句】：Greater spending on education is expected to lead to a large increase in the number of students. 希望在教育上多投资以期多收学生.总之，in 这个前缀有“否定”，(如：incomplete, incorrect),“内部”，(如：inside, indoor, inland)以及“加强”，(如：invigorate, inflame) 三个常见意义。
学习中注意总结，分类记忆。
7. 4collapse [kəˈlæps]v. 1.(破碎并)突然倒塌, 坍塌, 塌陷2. (指人)晕倒(因病﹑累等)3. 突然或完全垮下; 失败; 衰退n.1. 突然倒下; 倒塌; 坍塌2. 垮下; 失败; 崩溃 3. 暴跌【词根记忆】：col=cor=com,表示”共同”，词根lapse=laps=slip表示滑下，倒下。
因此col+lapse表示一起倒下，引申为倒塌，坍塌。
【短语精选】：the collapse of the building, roof, bridge, etc 建筑物﹑房顶﹑桥梁等的倒塌.【僻义例句】：His health collapsed under the pressure of work. 他的身体被工作压垮了. Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. 交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌.总之，cor，co以及col也是常见的表示“共同”的前缀，如cooperate, collocate, 学习中需要留心注意。
8.18institution [ˏɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn]n. 1. 建立; 设立; 制定; 任命2. 慈善机关, 社会福利机构(如孤儿院﹑养老院)3. 由来已久的风俗﹑习惯或团体(如俱乐部或会社)【词根记忆】：in进入+stiute=建立进去=树立→设立【短语精选】：the institution of rules, customs, etc 规则的制定﹑习俗的形成【僻义例句】：Marriage is a sacred institution. 婚姻制度是神圣的. * Drinking tea at 4 pm is a popular British institution. 下午4点钟吃茶点是英国人很流行的习惯.总之，stit=set up ,place,表示”建立,放”，如：constitute.9. 25profit [ˈprɔfɪt]n.1. (财务上的)收益; 利润; 赢利2. (企业等的)赢利; (尤指)盈余, 纯利润v. 1. 从(经验﹑失误等)中吸取教益【短语精选】：a clear profit of 20 per cent 百分之二十的净利【僻义例句】：He profited greatly from his year abroad. 他在国外一年获益匪浅.总之，profit除常见的名词意义外，还有动词意义，其意义相当于benefit.10.35moral [ˈmɔrəl]adj. 1.道德的; 伦理的2. 有道德的; 品行端正的【短语精选】：a moral law, duty, obligation, etc 道德律﹑道义上的责任﹑道义上的义务【僻义例句】：a very moral person 品行端正的人.总之，词根mor并不常见，表示道德，除moral以外，还有mores “道德观念,风俗”也由该词根构成。
11. 29argue [ˈɑːgjuː]v.1. 争论; 争辩; 争吵2. 说理; 争辩; 辩论 3. 说服﹑劝说某人做[不做]某事【短语精选】：argue for the right to strike 为争取罢工权利而辩论【僻义例句】：He argues convincingly. 他的辩解很有说服力. * argue for the right to strike 为争取罢工权利而辩论* I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室.总之，aruge与介词的搭配是考察的重点，如与over, against和for的搭配：over-They were arguing over who should have the car that day. against-She argued against a rise in interest rates.for-The general argued for extending the ceasefire.12. 3shield [ʃiːld]n.1. 起保护作用的人或物 2. (机器等的)护板, 挡风板, 防尘板v. 保护或庇护某人/某事物【短语精选】：shield one's eyes (from the sun) with one's hand 用手(挡住阳光)保护眼睛【僻义例句】：The police officer shielded the child with her body. 那警察用她的身体保护了小孩. You can't shield this criminal from prosecution. 你不能包庇该罪犯而不起诉他.总之，shield的动词意义应该留心掌握，其意义相当于protect.13. 31continue [kənˈtɪnju]n.1. (使某事物)继续, 延续 2. (使某事物)继续存在或不断发生; 不停 3. (使某事物)继续存在或不断发生; 不停4. (停止後)再开始; (中断後)再继续【词根记忆】：con(表加强)+tin(tin=tain=ten=hold)+ue=从头拿到尾=持续【短语精选】：continue at school, in one's job, etc 继续求学﹑任职等.【僻义例句】：The story continues/is continued in the next issue of the magazine. 这个故事在该杂志的下一期里继续刊载. * We continued to rehearse/continued rehearsing the chorus after the break. 休息之後我们继续排练合唱节目.总之，tain是一个常见的词根，如：attain, contain都含有hold的意义。
14. 8acknowledge [əkˈnɔlɪdʒ]v.1. 承认(某事物)属实; 供认(某事物)2. 为(某事物)表示感谢 3. 以微笑﹑点头﹑打招呼等表示注意到或认出(某人)4. 承认某人(为某事物)【词根记忆】：ac(表加强,动词化意义，“使……”)+knowledge(know+ledge)=使有知识，使了解，使认知→承认【短语精选】：acknowledge the need for reform 承认改革的需要【僻义例句】：His services to the country were never officially acknowledged. 他对国家所作的贡献从未受到过正式的表彰.15. 24respect [rɪˈspekt]v.1. 尊敬; 敬重; 钦敬2. 维护; 承认; 尊重n. 方面; 着眼点【词根记忆】：re(表示反复)+spect(spect=see)=反复看，表示重视，后引申为尊重【短语精选】：respect sb's wishes, opinions, feelings, etc 尊重某人的意愿﹑意见﹑感情等【僻义例句】：In what respect do you think the film is biased? 你认为影片在哪一方面失之偏颇?总之，respect是一个基础单词，但其名词意义需引起注意，固定搭配如：in respect of sth，关於某事物; 就某方面而言: The book is admirable in respect of style. 这本书风格极佳.16. 43trial [ˈtraɪəl]n.1. 审问; 审讯; 审理; 审判2. (对能力﹑质量﹑性能等的)测试, 试验, 考验3. (挑选运动员的)预赛, 选拔赛【短语精选】：commit sb for trial将某人拘押候审【僻义例句】：The new drug has undergone extensive medical trials. 这种新药已做了大量的医学试验.总之，trial做“测试, 试验, 考验”的意义时，与单词try同源，可结合记忆。
17. 7guilt [gɪlt]n.1. 有罪, 罪状2. 责任; 罪责3. 不安; 内疚【短语精选】：find out where the guilt lies 找出罪责之所在(何人之过)【僻义例句】：Guilt was written all over her face. 她的罪过都写在脸上了(显而易见她有罪).总之，guilt的基本释义是一个法律词汇，如：The police established his guilt beyond all doubt. 警方确凿地认定他有罪。
记忆单词时，可按照法律，经济，政治等话题总结归类记忆。
18. 3innocent ˈɪnəsnt]adj.1. 无辜的; 无罪的; 清白的2. 天真无邪的; 纯真的; 单纯的3. 无害的; 无恶意的【短语精选】：innocent of a crime, a charge, an accusation 未犯某罪﹑被指控的罪﹑被指责的事.【僻义例句】：It was a perfectly innocent question. Why get so worked up about it? 那纯粹是无所谓的问题. 何必那麽激动?总之，innocent的词根为noc=nox=to harm(伤害)，因此in(不)+noc+ent(形容词后缀)=无害的，不难理解innocent的僻义及引申义“无辜的”，但考虑到该词根下的其它单词均为超纲词汇，这里建议大家通过例句来记忆单词即可。
