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阅读理解及答案

阅读理解及答案
阅读理解及答案

荷花之谜

①荷花通常扎根于肮脏的水底淤泥里,但是从小荷才露尖尖角到冒出水面而亭亭玉立,一直都是那样纯洁,一尘不染。因此,一直以来都被人们称为“花中君子”。荷花何以出淤泥而不染?是因为荷的表面十分光滑,污垢难以停留?不是。科学家用扫描电子显微镜观察,发现荷花的花瓣表面像毛玻璃一样毛糙,尽是10~20微米大小的突起,上面长满绒毛,具有自我清洁的功能。这一被称为"荷花效应"的发现给人意外的启示。它启发人们去研制涂料和油漆,使墙面像荷花一样不受污染,永褒鲜艳色彩。

②荷花能自身加热,即使外界温度降到10℃,它也能保持花朵内35℃的温度。一株盛开的荷花可提供1瓦的功率。这一能量来自荷花细胞内能发热的线粒体--细胞的"动力机构"。荷花的自身加热有利于花粉传播。

③荷花有一种潜藏于莲子的旺盛的生命力。科学家用一颗1288年以前的古老莲子培育出新的健康荷株。沉睡了近千年的莲子竟然在4天后长出嫩绿的新芽。科学家从千年古莲中离析出一种酶,发现是这种酶在修理细胞本身的蛋白质损坏造成的缺陷。倘若能从莲子中分离出负责修理"衰老损坏"的基因,不也可以把这种基因移植到其他植物乃至人身上,让人类的不老梦想成真吗?

1、荷花具有、和这三个特点。

2、根据对文章内容的理解,判断对错,正确的打√,错误的打×。

(1)因为荷花细胞内有能发热的线粒体,所以荷花的花朵能保持较高的温度。()(2)荷花之所以能出淤泥而不染,是因为荷花的表面非常的光滑,污垢难以在上面停留。()(3)“荷花效应”启发人们去研制涂料和油料,使墙面能想荷花一样不受污染,永葆鲜艳色彩。()(4)因为莲子中有一种能够修理“衰老损坏”基因的“酶”,所以荷花的花粉非常易于传播。()

3、短文第一自然段中画线句子使用了和的说明方法,使我

们具体、形象地了解到。

答案:

1、①荷花出淤泥而不染(有自我清洁的功能)②能自身进行加热③有旺盛的生命力。(整体感知、形成解释3分)

2.√×√×(提取信息、形成解释4分)

3. 列数字、打比方,荷花能出淤泥而不染的原因。(形成解释3分)

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