(新课标)2021高考英语一轮总复习语法六、情态动词与虚拟语气教案牛津译林版
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第六讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气也是高考英语非常重要的一个语法项目。
毋庸置疑,熟练掌握其用法对于语篇的准确理解大有裨益。
另外,在书面表达中恰当地运用情态动词和虚拟语气,则会使文章语言地道,在彰显考生丰厚英语功底的同时,成为吸引阅卷教师的有力法宝。
命题趋势:在高考试卷中偶尔会出现在语法填空和短文改错中,常考查情态动词的基本用法;“情态动词+have done”结构中have done, 或是虚拟语气的基本用法。
考点一can,could与be able to的用法①The police still haven't found the lost child,but they're doing all they can. 警察还没有找到那个丢失的孩子,但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。
(现在的能力)②If you have a good sleep,you will be able to solve this problem.(将来的能力) 如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解决这个问题。
③The fire s pread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。
④I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做) 我本来可以解决这个问题,但我太紧张了。
⑤How could you do such a silly thing?(表示惊讶)你怎么能做这样的蠢事呢?⑥Can I have a word with you?It won't take long.(表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很长时间的。
[规律总结]1.表示现在的能力:can,am/is/are able to。
六、情态动词与虚拟语气对应学生用书p168在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2017·北京卷)Samuel, thetallestboyinourclass, ____________easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.2.(2016·北京卷)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek? Ifyou__________(tell) me,Icouldhavehelped.3.(2015·北京卷)IfI____________(see) itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.4.(2015·四川卷)You____________becarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts![答案与解析]1.can。
句意:Samuel是我们班最高的男孩,他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。
根据句意可知,空处表能力,故填can。
2.hadtold。
由句子情景可知,前一句是对过去情况的表述,而后一句是对过去情况的假设,应该使用虚拟语气,故填过去完成时hadtold。
句意:你上周怎么没有告诉我你遇到的困难?如果你告诉了我,我会给你帮助的。
3.hadn'tseen。
句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。
根据后半句wouldn'thavebelieved可以判断是对过去的虚拟。
所以从句是if+主语+haddone的形式。
4.must。
句意:你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵!根据下文的Itcosts可知,照相机很昂贵。
对应学生用书p168情态动词复习要点。
牛津模块6Unit3语法教学案:虚拟语气(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)Period5 Grammar and UsageTeaching Objectives:e unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.2. Improve students’ ability of using unreal conditionalsTeaching Procedures:Step1 Lead-inLook at the two sentences1.If it were Sunday, I would go hiking.2. If I were a bird, I could fly.Think about the questions1,If it were Sunday, what would you do?2.Is it real that it is Sunday today?3.Is it possible for you to be a bird?Step2 Presentation虚拟语气1)概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反2)在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气.e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it .如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨的话,我们就去公园。
一:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件从句从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式2.should + 动词原形3.were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果e.g.我是你的话,我会马上走。
We wouldn’t have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助,我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。
(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病了,否则,我就参加运动会了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
I would have taken part in the sports meeting,but I was ill that day.我本来可以参加运动会,但是那天我病了。
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1.在“It is+important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/...+that...”句型中,从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
It’s vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.在路上开车时认真对待我们的安全非常重要。
2.在would rather (that)后的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用一般过去时;如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。
I’d rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。
3.句中含有以下单词或其变形时,其后所跟的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句或同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
专题08情态动词和虚拟语气知识精讲情态动词情态动词本身有词义,但是没有人称和数的变化。
也就是说,它在任何主语后形式都是一样的,这是与情态动词和助动词最大的差异;情态动词有时态的变化,但是不能独立作谓语。
情态动词可以表示:能力、义务、可能性和允许等意义;情态动词还可以用来给人们:提出请求、提出建议、提供帮助以及提出意见等。
一、can/could的用法1.表示“能力”①I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.A . can B. might C. would D. need【答案与解析】A。
此处考查的是“can”的基本意义“能,能够”。
句意:如果我能够弄到那笔钱,我就和约翰一起到欧洲去度假。
②He _______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t【答案与解析】C。
从题干“although he tried to”可锁定答案为C“couldn’t”。
句意:他搜肠刮肚去想主意,等想到了,试图去睡上一觉,却怎么也不能入睡。
③—How’s your new babysitter?—We _______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. shouldB. mightC. mustn’tD. couldn’t【答案与解析】D。
should应该;might可能,可以;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不可能。
根据句意选D。
句意:“你们新来的保姆怎么样?”“我们不可能找到(比她)更好的保姆了。
第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气(要点透析)情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪,本身词义不全,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化,有的情态动词有过去式。
常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。
一、情态动词的基本用法(一) can, could的用法1.表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。
Her mother can speak French.He could read books in English when he was only five.2.表示客观的可能性。
Anybody can make mistakes.Man can not live without air.3.表示请求建议,用could 比can语气更委婉。
(回答用原形)Could you wait a few days for the money?Could you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?4.表示允许、许可,用could 比can更委婉客气。
Could/Can I borrow your reference books?You can smoke in the entrance hall.【疑难点击】1. 否定句、疑问句和感叹句中,表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。
Can it be true?You can't be serious!Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean?2. 表示“经过努力后终于能……”用be able to。
They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters.【疑难点击】3. 惯用形式“can not (can't)…too/over/enough”。
高三英语教案:《语法知识情态动词和虚拟语气》教学设计II.情态动词的重点学问表示"力量、许可'的can和may表示力量的情态动词用can/couldA computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.A.cantB.mustntC.may notD.might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以,但在问句中用could?或might?以使口气委婉客气,其回答肯定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示肯定,必需,mustnt表示禁止,不许可)。
①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______A.willB.couldC.mayD.might②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.A.wont/cantB.mustnt/mayC.shouldnt/mustD.cant/shouldnt在确定句中could不行以用来表示过去某一特定场合的力量,而要用was/were able to。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.A.had toB.wouldC.couldD.was able to表示"推断、推断'的canmay,must在确定句中都可以用来表示可能。
在含义上must语气最确定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。
Peter______come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will而can表示的是规律上的可能性:Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。
高三复习资料-情态动词和虚拟语气备课资料(译林牛津版英语高考复习)情态动词一、can, 1能力 2许可you can /can I ?3相对的可能性,4绝对的否定,二、Shall, shall I /we 1一人称是纯将来,2一三人称是请求许可shall the new comer?,3二三人称是命令,要求, 条款,规定every participant shall ,三、should, 1按道理应该,2竟然,不相信, 3各种从句四、must,1必须,命令, 2固执,偏偏,五、will,1纯粹的将来, 2动作的倾向性,3人的意愿, 4行,可以,5邀请六、would, 1物作主语表动作的倾向,2人过去往往,3过去的意愿,七、may, 1一半的可能性, 2请求许可,八、might ,很小的可能性,九、could 1过去的能力 2.委婉的请求3本来可以十、have to, 不得不(客观情况下)十一、have got to , 有十二、ought to 应该(主观认为)十三、used to, 过去常常十四、dare 敢于十五、need, 需要十六、might/may as well, 不妨做某事十七、had better最好做虚拟语气:谓语动词的一种特殊的表现形式。
1 If it _______(rains) tomorrow, we won’t have a picnic.2 If she _______(come) , I will call you up.3 If you _______(make) a promise to do sth, you should keepit.4 If you ________(offer) the job, you should stick to it.5 If we _______(collect ) enough money, we will start the project soon.6 If I _______(have) 100000 dollars now, I ______(buy ) my parents a garden.7 If you ______(be) present at the meeting, you ______(make ) the foolish mistakes.8 If I were you now , I shouldn't quarrel with him.9 If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.10 If he should be here tomorrow, we could ask him about it.一:成套的虚拟语气:1. 正常的虚拟语气从句谓语主句的谓语对过去虚拟had done would/should/could/might +have done对现在虚拟 did/were would/should/could/might +v对将来虚拟did/were to do/ should+v would/should/could/might +v2. 主句和从句交错的虚拟语气:If I had studied hard at that time, I would be a college student now.If I were you, I would have finished it yesterday.3.省掉if并倒装的虚拟语气:Had I not prepared for the test, I would have failed.Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postphoned.Should she give us a test tomorrow, we would fail completely.二.半截虚拟语气1) But for, without, would /should/could/might +v/havedone2) Or , otherwise, would /should/could/might +v/have done3) If only, wish , (had done, did , would /could /might +v)4) Would rather,( did, had done)5) As if /though, ( did, had done)6) It is the right/ high time that,(did, should +v )7) Would you mind if (did, )8) So that/ in order that,( can,could, may, might)9) Even if /though, (did, had done)10) 一个坚持insist,两道命令demand,order三条建议suggest,advise,propose,四个要求:request, require,desire, recommend,在宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句11) 表语是特定的形容词,名词, necessary, important, strange, natural,12) .省掉if并倒装的虚拟语气: Had / should /were +主语+动词Had I not prepared for the test, I would have failed.Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed.Should she give us a test tomorrow, we would fail completely.11年情态动词和虚拟语气高考题1、(2011全国卷I) 32. They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should2、(2011全国卷II)8. If you _______ smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may3、(2011北京卷)24. - I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?- Don’t worry. He __________ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not4、(2011北京卷)30. Maybe if I ___ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying5、(2011北京卷)28. - Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruine d.- I wish they _________ always late.A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been6、(2011上海卷) 28. I _____ worry about my weekend-I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t7、(2011天津卷)15. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come8、(2011江西卷)23. It ______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. won’tD. needn’t9、(2011江西卷)28. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put10、(2011江苏卷)34. -I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials.-How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it.A. will have stolenB. might have stolenC. should have stolenD. must have stolen11、(2011安徽卷)26. - What do you think of store shopping in the future?-Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_____.A. will never replaceB. would never replaceC. will never be replacedD. would never be replaced12、(2011浙江卷)11.-How’s your new babysitter?-We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. shouldB. mightC. mustn’tD. couldn’t13、(2011福建卷)25.-Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?-I am afraid you _______ , in case he comes late for the meeting.A.willB.mustC.mayD.can14、(2011福建卷)34.-Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.-I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attendedB.had attendedC.would attendD.would have attended15、(2011四川卷)20. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______. .A. canB. mayC. mustD. should16、(2011辽宁卷)21. If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will17、(2011陕西卷)22.I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldn’t have goneB. didn’t goC. wouldn’t goD. hadn’t gone18、(2011陕西卷)24.-Will you read me a story ,Mummy?--OK. You________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. mightB. mustC. couldD. shall19、(2011重庆卷)25.--Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?-- I want to, but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.A. couldB. mightC. wouldD. should20、(2011湖南卷)28 .---No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.---Oh, you are really his big fan.A. canB. needC. mustD. might10年情态动词与虚拟语气高考题1.(全国I 29). Just be patient .You_____________ except the world to change so soon.A. can’tB. needn’tC. may notD. will not2.(全国II 17). I’m afraid Mr.Harding ____ see you now . he’s busy.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t3.(安徽卷32). Jack descried his father, who _____a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed manA. would beB. would have beenC. must beD. must have been4.(北京卷23).-Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.-Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. can5.(北京卷34).-T he weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .A. wouldn't dieB. didn't dieC. hadn't diedD. wouldn't have died6.(福建卷29).Teachers recommend parents their childrenunder 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustn’t allowD. couldn’t allow7.(湖南卷29). If he __________my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow8.(湖南卷23). You_________ buy a gift , but you can if you want to.A. mustB. mustn’tC. have toD. don’t have to9.(江苏卷25). -I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.-Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.A. couldB. shallC. mustD. may10.(江苏卷34). George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused11.(江西卷23). I have told you the truth I keep repeating it?A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will12.(辽宁卷26). Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.A. canB. willC. mustD. may13.(山东卷25). I_______ have watched that movie -it’ll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t14.(陕西卷15). If we _ __ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken15.(陕西卷23). --May I take this book out of the reading room?--No, you . You read it in here.A. mightn`tB. won’tC. need’tD. mustn`t16.(四川卷3).- I take the book out?-I'm afraid not.A. WillB. MayC. MustD. Need17.(天津卷9). Mark _______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. needn’tB. wouldn’tC. mustn’tD. couldn’t18.(天津卷15).-John went to the hospital alone.-If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told19.(重庆卷21).You park.here! It’s an emergency exit.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t20.(浙江卷17). "You __ have a wrong number," she said. "There's no one of that name here."A. needB. canC. mustD. would21.(浙江卷10). Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy __ .A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD.was saved22.(上海卷29).-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't几个情态动词反意疑问句形式1.must 的特殊用法:表推测,先还原,后确定助动词, 表必须mustn’t/needn’t, 表禁止may I2. ought to oughtn’t /shouldn’t3. Let’s -- , shall we? Let us, will you?4.祈使句:Will you/won’t you?5.含有used to 的反意疑问句, didn’t /usedn’t1 They must have had a good time on the party last night,__________?2 He must love his job, ________?3 You must have know the result, _________?4 They must be having an English class, ________?5 You used to sleep with windows open, ____you?6 He used to be a teacher, ______?7 There used to be a school, _____?8 Do remember to send the letter for me, ________?9 You won’t give up the plan, _____________?10 Don’t do it by yourself, ________?11 Let have a rest, _________?12 Let’s have a rest, ___________?~。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。