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考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.A．developB．introduceC．exerciseD．utilize正确答案：D解析：utilize／-ise vt．利用，使用(如：Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize one’s abilities in a suitable job)。
develop vt.开发，研制；发展，形成。
introduce vt．引进，传入；介绍。
exercise vt．运用，行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。
2．There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with______contempt.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)A．utterB．soleC．intimateD．corresponding正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。
A项“utter 全然的，绝对的”符合题意，如：What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的，唯一的：intimate亲密的，隐私的：corresponding相应的，通信的”都不正确。
3．They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ones in this area?(2007年清华大学考博试题)A．evacuatedB．emptyC．vacantD．vacate正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：evacuated撤退者的；empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有，如：The ease is empty．(这是个空箱子。
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．We all buy things on the______of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy”.(2007年中国科学院考博试题)A．urgeB．forceC．spurD．rush正确答案：C解析：此题考查的是词语的搭配。
urge项表示“敦促”；force表示“力量，影响力”；spur表示“动力”；rush表示“匆促”。
只有C项有固定用法on the spur of,表示一时冲动，所以答案是C选项。
2．The young nation has not yet attained political ______.A．stabilityB．prosperityC．maturityD．independence正确答案：A解析：stability n.稳定，稳固(如：Nothing is more important than political stability for a country in its economic endeavour．)。
prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣。
maturity n.成熟(阶段)；有经验。
independence n.独立，自主。
3．Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.(2011年四川大学考博试题)A．commonplaceB．standardizedC．competitiveD．generalized正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：commonplace“平凡的，陈腐的，平庸的”；standardized “标准化的”；competitive“竞争的，有竞争力的”；generalized“广泛的，普遍的”。
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题) A．insaneB．infectiousC．foreignD．poisonous正确答案：C解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。
四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。
insane 的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。
只有C项符合题意。
2．It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．foreseeB．inferC．fabricateD．inhibit正确答案：A解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。
A项的“foresee 预见”符合题意。
其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit 禁止、约束”都不正确。
3．She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.A．releasedB．freedC．forgivenD．regretted正确答案：C解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编34.doc－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编34(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in management.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.implicationB.propagandaC.impulseD.refuted2.Many language teachers are______ to talk too much.（分数：2.00）A.tendB.subjectC.likelyD.inclined3.In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webpage, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their various technological advantages.(2004年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing4.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a______ in female breadwinners. (2013年北京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.increase5.The situation there has become ______ grave in the last few days.（分数：2.00）A.continuouslyB.increasinglyC.inevitablyD.invariably6.For such a tiny woman she had a(n) ______appetite.（分数：2.00）A.potentialB.incredibleC.obviousD.inexhaustible/doc/ef30989fdcccda38376baf1ffc4ffe473268fd42.htmlnguage, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable infact.(2010年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently8.The degree of economic growth is an______ of the level of living.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.indexC.accessD.aspect9.I asked him where my sister was, and he______the store across the street.（分数：2.00）A.indicatedB.displayedC.pointedD.showed10.Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.conveysB.definesC.indicatesD.explains11.Can a novelist remain______to the problems of the world in which he lives?（分数：2.00）A.impartialB.indifferentC.carelessD.detached12.The actress was very______ at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference.(2007年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.extraterrestrialB.explicitC.indignantD.innovative13.Mr. Smith became very______ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant14.It is well known that knowledge is the______ condition for expansion of mind.（分数：2.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable15.She has become quite______to the company.(2004年湖北省考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.influential/doc/ef30989fdcccda38376baf1ffc4ffe473268fd42.htmlpulsoryC.indispensableD.essential16.Every person on the sales team is ______ because they work together well.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable17.Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an______spur to efficiency and innovation.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）B.exquisiteC.intermittentD.indispensable18.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play______roles in raising children.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite19.A teacher cannot give ______ attention to each pupil if his class is large.（分数：2.00）A.individualB.totalC.properD.definite20.The food was divided ______ according to(he age and size of the child.(2007年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally21.The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.(2002年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.induceB.abductC.indulgeD.lure22.When he realized he had been ______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.(2013年北京航空大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.elicitedB.excitedC.deducedD.induced23.The doctor told the students that a(n)______ disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.(2007 年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent24.An argument was______because they disliked each other so intensely.（分数：2.00）A.possibleB.probableC.inevitableD.decisive25.Eighty percent of mothers cradle their ______ in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.infantsB.hosesC.handkerchiefsD.fences感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编19(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The workers went on strike for ______ working conditions.A．idealB．cleanC．comfortableD．decent正确答案：D解析：decent a.像样的，过得去的，尚可的；合宜的，得体的，正派的(如：We pay a very decent price，She never had decent clothes to wear．I get decent marks at school．I only associate with good decent fellows．)。
ideal a.理想的，完满的。
clean a. 干净的，清洁的。
comfortable a.舒适的，舒服的。
2．They issued a______to the effect that the covenant(违反契约的诉讼)would not have any place in the treaty.A．declarationB．certificateC．proposalD．pronunciation正确答案：A解析：declaration n．宣布，宣告；宣言。
声明(书)(如：The Declaration of Independence was made in America in 1776．Then they drew up their declaration concerning the war．)。
certificate n.证明书。
proposal n．提议，建议；求婚。
pronunciation n．发音，发音方法。
3．He was afraid he would have to ______ her invitation to the party.A．refuteB．refuseC．rejectD．decline正确答案：D解析：decline vt．婉辞，谢绝(邀请)；不愿(做某事)(后面跟不定式)；vi．下降，减少，衰落。
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．It’s a program designed to______ mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)A．includeB．appreciateC．appealD．conduct正确答案：C解析：句意为：这是一个为吸引16到25岁年龄段的人而设计的项目。
根据句意，C项appeal“吸引”，其他三项，A项include“包括”、B项appreciate“欣赏”、D项conduct“实施”均不符合句意。
2．In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．appearanceB．popularityC．dominanceD．consolidation正确答案：A解析：本题中，advent的意思是“出现，到来”。
A项“appearance出现”符合题意，如：His sudden appearance surprised her．(他的突然到来使她很惊讶。
)其他三项“popularity普及，流行；dominance优势，统治；consolidation巩固，合并”都不正确。
3．Don’t eat anything that will spoil your______ for dinner.A．appetiteB．tasteC．interestD．appreciation正确答案：A解析：appetite n．食欲，胃口；欲望(如：She ate slowly，without appetite．At the moment he had no appetite for work／reading．)。
2006年同济大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．How can personal income tax be levied to______ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much?A．interestB．benefitC．profitD．concern正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是interest“使感兴趣”；benefit“使受益”；profit “获利”；concern“影响，涉及”。
句意是：征收个人所得税，怎样能够在惠及更多人的同时，还能保证国家财政不受太大的影响呢?所以正确答案是B选项，如The plants benefited from the rain(植物得益于这场雨)。
2．To fund the______ event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD).A．beneficentB．expensiveC．costlyD．luxurious正确答案：A解析：四个选项的意思分别是beneficent“行善的，慈善的”；expensive“昂贵的”；costly“昂贵的”；luxurious“奢华的”。
句意是：为了向公益事业提供资金，同时也为了提升全国运动会的市场价值，组委会成立了市场开发部(MDD)。
2000年秋季试题《结构力学》F t作用下，多自由度的动力学方程，并解释方程中每项的含义，试说明该方1.写出外力()程有哪些数值解法。
2.给出两跨连续梁弯桥的计算图式，并说明其受力特性。
3.阻尼都有几种，试定义比例阻尼和非比例阻尼。
4.试给出双塔斜拉桥的计算图式，并说明各部分的受力特点，试比较有背索（backcable）的斜拉桥有何特点。
2001年春季试题《结构力学》1.根据弯矩图写荷载。
2.缆索承重桥梁的计算图式，计算时应注意哪些问题。
3.设计规范中冲击系数是如何规定的，它与哪些因素有关。
4.写出多跨连续梁车辆振动的计算图式及振动方程。
5.考虑桩土相互作用下，桩柱式墩在地震作用下的振动计算图式及振动方程。
2001年秋季试题《结构力学》1.请写出有限元的基本方程，该方程有三种理论可得到，请写出这三种理论并作简要说明及介绍。
2.有限元计算的动力方程为[]{}[]{}[]{}{}M uC u K u R ++=&&& （1）说明方程中各符号的意义；（2）写出非线性动力平衡方程的增量表达式，并解释各符号代表的意义。
（3）该增量方程最常用的数值解法是逐步积分法，其逐步积分法到底包括哪几种方法，2003年秋季试题《结构力学》1.（1）画出图中结构的Q 、M 图，()sinq x q x lπ= （2）两结构跨中挠度相等时，P 与q 的关系。
（3）请给出结构失稳（杆件系统）的例子。
3.在桥梁设计中应考虑哪些动力问题。
2004年试题2004年试题1.试从数学、力学角度分析建筑和桥梁结构上作用荷载的异同。
2.空间静定刚架弯矩、剪力、扭矩图。
3.试用最简洁的语言概述结构动力学的主要内容。
2005年试题1 画A、B截面的影响线。
A BA B2 已知右拱脚水平位移为x ∆，竖向位移为y ∆。
（1）求右侧3,84l l 处拱截面的竖向位移， （2）求水平推力影响线。
3 使1～7点竖向位移为0，8点处水平位移为0，塔底弯矩为0的调索方程。
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．India’s internal structure can never be ______ with Europe’s.A．sameB．similarC．identicalD．equal正确答案：C解析：identical(with)a.同一个：完全相同的(如：That is the identical pen I lost．The fingerprints of no two persons are identical．This copy is identical with the ones you bought last week．)。
same a.相同的，一样的(习惯上与定冠词the连用)。
similar(to)a.相似的，类似的。
equal(to／with)a.相等的，同样的：平等的；胜任的。
2．Louis was asked to ______ the man who stole her purse.A．identifyB．recognizeC．claimD．confirm正确答案：A解析：identify vt．认出，鉴定(身份)；认为……等同于(with)(如：She identified him as her attacker．I cannot identify this signature．Wealth cannot be identified with happiness．)。
recognize vt．认出，识别；承认。
claim vt．声称，主张；说……是自己的，索取。
confirm vt．确定，批准，使巩固，使有效。
3．There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to ______. (2010年四川大学考博试题)A．identifyB．authorizeC．justifyD．rationalize正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：identify“识别，鉴定，认明，认同，感同身受”：authorize“授权给，全权委托，允许，认可，批准”；justify“替……辩护，证明合法”：rationalize“使合理化，使有理化”。
同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑工程系考博心得及真题在岩土在线论坛上转悠很长时间了，从这里得到了很多资料。
及时解决了我的很多问题，在此感谢各位兄弟姐妹！我是2009年考的博士。
由于是同济本校的，所以对土木工程学院的博士考试还有一定的了解。
有些人在考后会洋洋洒洒几千言，让后来人看起来那个累啊！在这里我废话不多说了，简简单单列一下心得体会，并附上手头上的历年真题！博士考试原则：同济大学土木工程学院这边，特别注重基本概念的理解，所以考试大纲上列出的课本，一定要买一本好好的看，仔仔细细的看。
考题中没有难题，全是考查基本概念。
各门功课的复习心得和要领（我是考的地下建筑工程系）：1、英语课。
英语的题型有四种。
单选、阅读、翻译、作文。
单选、翻译、作文是拉不开分的，大家都差不多。
即便是我这个背过GRE的人，看到单选里的单词，还是有一半以上没见过。
所以，建议做好一本《考博英语100篇》就好了。
阅读50分，能保住30分。
其它三项怎么也能拿个20几分。
这样得分在55分左右，够了。
（按照理念的惯例，英语线在最低43~55分之间）2、弹性力学我不知道别人怎么复习的。
我在同济上研究生上这门课的时候，教授就说“这个地方是重点，考博会考得”。
所以，考试重点我还是抓的住的。
专业课，还是要理解概念，记住一定要概念清晰。
至于课本，推荐江理平的，而不是吴家龙的《弹性力学》。
吴家龙的太晦涩难懂了。
3、土力学除了必选的弹性力学，可以有一些别的选项。
大多数本校的选了〈地下结构〉，我则是选了〈土力学〉。
因为土力学出题的范围每年都是固定的。
我考得时候，有个同门推荐张振莹的〈土力学解题指导〉（大概是这个名字）。
考后，我想说“我操”“丫的，这哥们害苦我了”“复习偏了”。
还好我的土力学功底比较深，ＮＮＤ！关于土力学，只说一句话课本，课本足够。
就买大纲推荐的教材。
甚至题都不用做！关于复试外校的人，都很紧张。
其实你不用紧张，一般复试只是个过场。
教授们坐在一起，看看你不傻不痴呆的，就那么过了。
同济考博 300题 1.The _____of smoking among women, formerly negligible, has grown to such a degree that lung cancer has become the chief cause of cancer or cancer-related deaths among women. A. affluence B. ferociousness C. impudence D. incidence 2.To the relief of the archaeologists, although two of the three human burial pits had been, possibly by animals rummaging through them, one was intact.. A. intercepted B. plundered C. disturbed D. impeded 3.John Gielgud crowns a distinguished career of playing Shakespearean roles by giving a performance that is______. A. unsurpassable B. unintelligible C. unjustfiable D. unpresentable 4. Those interested in learning more about how genetics applies to trees will have to _______ the excellent technical journals where most of the pertinent material is found. A. subscribe for B. resort to C. snatch at D. intercede with 5.Satire, fiercer and more demanding than comedy in its moral intentions, measures human conduct not against ____ but against an ideal A. a criterion B. an objective C. a philosophy D. a norm 6.We must prevent endangered species of wildlife from becoming extinct in order that the future generations may enjoy the great of animal life. A. perplexity B. incessancy C. diversity D. benevolence 7. It is remarkable that a man so noble in the public eye, so highly praised and imitated, can retain his _____. A. humility B. humiliation C. amiability D. ingenuity 8.Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards. A. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely 9.The managing director took the for the accident, although it was not really his fault. A. guilt B. blame C. charge D. accusation 10. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ______ quality he'd tell them so. A. humble B. inferior C. minor D. awkward 11. With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its ______. A. rejections B. restraints C. confinements D. limitations 12. She once again went through her composition carefully to ______ all spelling mistakes from it. A. withdraw B. diminish C. abandon D. eliminate 13. The lady dressed in the latest Paris fashion is ______ in her appearance but rude in speech. A. elaborate B. elegant C. excessive D. exaggerated 14. You need to rewrite this sentence because it is ______ ;the readers will have difficulty in understanding it. A. comprehensive B. alternative C. deliberate D. ambiguous 15. The problems requiring immediate solution will be given at the meeting A. priority B. urgency C. superiority D. emergency 16.The day before my history exam, I still hadn't reading the first book on the 1ist. A. seen about B. caught up with C. got round to D. sat for 17.The government leader used to have a good name but it has been since he made a false decision. A. blown down B. blown off C. blown on D. blown out 18.The Japanese climbers were extremely excited when they _____heir seemingly hopeless attempt to reach the summit of Jolmo Lungma. A. brought off B. brought out C. brought over D. brought in 19. The director of personnel administration brought Jim into his office to______ him over the coals for being late so often. A. scold B. Criticize C. blame D. call 20. I deem it better for a child to be treated severely all the time than to have parents who keep _____ about from kindness to cruelty. A. Wandering B. lingering C. shifting D. chopping 21. As a_____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play. several kinds of musical instruments A. flexible B. versatile C. sophisticated D. productive 22. The accident_____ him of his sight and the use of his legs. A. excluded B. disabled C. deprived D. stripped 23. The people living in these apartments have free _____ to that swimming pool A. access B. excess C. excursion D. recreation 24. There are not many teachers who are strong______ of traditional methods in English teaching.. A. sponsors B. contributors C. advocates D. performers 25. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to ____. A. ascend B. descend C. decline D. plunge 26. "Too many child stars grow up to be unhappy adults. He has to be cautious and not _____ himself from real life." A. conceal B. camouflage C. insulate D. obscure 27.Now the elephant is involved in a desperate struggle to survive, and the reason [or its is one of its glories: the huge creature's magnificent tusks of ivory.. A. drawback B. peril C. flaw D. vice 28. Balboa is recovering from a knee injury last month in Bermuda. A. contracted B. abridged C, incurred D. collided 29. Police can keep suspects in iail for up to two full days without any judge reviewing the of the arrest, the Supreme Court ruled Monday. A. effectiveness B. validity C. efficiency D. eligibility 30. In December, a federal court jury awarded a $ 7.3 million Verdict to a woman who said her breast implants caused severe autoimmune disease. The jury found Dow Corning guilty of _____ in concealing evidence of the implants' risks. A. fake B. fraud C. forgery D. fabrication 31. Attending regularly and taking an active part in class argument or discussion______ for 20% of your mark for the academic year.
