高考英语中的“并列平行结构”及应试策略
根据对最近十多年高考英语试题的分析和总结，平行结构在高考命题中占有重要的地位。下面对高考英语命题中的相关题型及应试策略做具体的列举和讲解。
一、平行结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。
二.并列连词及词组：连接多个平行的词、短语、分句或者从句。
常见的有：and/并且， as well as还有，同时 but但是， or 或，both…and两个都，neither…nor既不…也不…, either…or，或者…或者not only…but(also)不但…而且，not…but不是…而是等。
对连接词连接的成分要求：形式对称；功能相同（充当同样的句子成分）。
并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。
比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则：
Do some nice things for your parents that they don't expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors.
"做饭"、"刷碗"、"洗衣服"、"拖地"在本句中应为并列结构作为介词like“像”的宾语，故应用相同的形式，都用动名词，所以应将clean改为cleaning。
三、平行结构主要类型
1. 名词和名词平行结构
The patient's symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache.
病人的症状是发烧、头晕和头痛。
2. 形容词和形容词平行结构
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。
3.副词和副词平行结构
The work is handsomely and skillfully有技术地 done.
这项工作做得漂亮，有水平。
4. 分词平行结构(现在分词与现在分词 / 过去分词与过去分词 )
The boys were running, shouting and laughing.
男孩子们边跑，边喊叫着、笑着。（伴随状语）
The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted.
老人回到了家里筋疲力竭，非常失望。
5. 动名词doing平行结构
Henry's work is reading books and writing book reviews.
亨利的工作是读读书，写写书评。
6. 动词不定式平行结构
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees.另一方面，40%的同学认为应收门票，他们认为门票费可以作为支付园林工人及其他工作人员的工资和购买新花木的费用。and 连接并列不定式第二个不定式往往省略 to。
7. 介词短语平行结构
1）Your semester一学期grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.
2）We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.
8. 谓语动词平行结构谓语形式时态要一致
He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.
Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.
9.句子的并列（并列句）
I was tired, but I felt happy.
四、在高考中的体现及解题思路
解题思路：当并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些被连接的成分必须是同一词性、同一形式。特别要注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分。
在短文改错中的体现：违反平行结构的准则是高考短文改错惯用的出题手段之一。
1．I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort．(1999全国卷短文改错)
解析：平行结构的典型标志是and，or，but ,so,for。这是由and连接的两个并列分句，后一分句结构为主谓宾。 watching TV是主语demands是谓语very little effort宾语，表示“看电视”这一抽象行为，而不能用动词原形watch。
2.However my father had to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.（2011全国2）
解析：so连接的前后分句时态要平衡，又根据具体时间状语last Saturday afternoon所以应该把fly改为过去式flew。
3．However,we seldom felt lonely or helplessly．(2004年天津卷短文改错）
解析：loneIy和helplessly两词形式上都是以-ly为后缀，但是lonely是形容词而helplessly是副词。or连接的平行结构词性要一致，此处felt为系动词，后面要用形容词，构成系表结构，所以helplessly 应改为helpless，以保持or前后词性平衡。
在单选中的体现：
1.The house belongs to my aunt but she＿＿here any more．(2006年全国卷)
A．hash’t lived B．didn’t live C．hadn’t lived D．doesn’t live
解析：but前后分句的时态平衡。 but连接两个并列句，第一个分句谓语动词belongs属于一般现在时态，but后的分句也用一般现在时态doesn’t live来表达以保持时态平衡,选D。
2.The old couple married for 40 years and never once ____with each other. (2003全国卷)
A. they had quarreled.
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled.
解析：这对老夫妻已结婚40年了,他们彼此从未吵过架.本题的关键词是and,and前是句子,and 后也应是句子形式，后一分句以never开头的则应倒装。
3.She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later. （1994）
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived不规则动词set（set，set）
分析：她天黑后回家，一个小时后到家。A C是分词 A为分词一般式doing ,表示与谓语同时发生；having arrived表示先于谓语发生；to arrive表示目的。很明显先set out 后到达arrive排除A和C而本题时态是一般过去时，所以选D and连接两个谓语。
4. website网站 of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting消防工作. (湖南卷)
A. Having searched
B. To search
C. Searching
D. Search
解析：做好本题的关键是注意到句中的并列连词and，由and可知这是一个并列句，and的后面是句子，其前面也应是句子。由于句首无主语，可推断它是祈使句，所以选动词原形。
与上面的情况相反，如果两个“句子”间没有并列连词，那么其中有个“句子”就肯定不是“句子”，因为它没有完整的谓语。
命题者经常把并列连词作为一种设计陷阱题的工具。
解题思路：并列连词连接的两个语法成分通常应是平行的、对等的。比如并列连词连接两个非谓语动词，原则上说它们应是同一形式（同为不定式，或同为-ing分词，或同为-ed分词。）
1. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _________ better ones of your own.
A. introduces
B. to introduce
C. introducing
D. introduced
句中的并列连词and连接的是两个对称的并列成分，由于其前的considering…为动名词，所以空格处也要用动名词。选Ｃ
２．One learns a language by making mistakes and＿＿＿them．
A．correct B．correcting C．corrects D．t0 correct
解析：列连词and连接两个动名词短语making mistakes和correcting them作介词by的宾语，使其and 前后形式一致。选B。
3.Ｔhe country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched
解析：两个“句子”间没有并列连词，所以空格处不可能填一个完整的谓语，据此我们可以最先排除选项A。又因动作于去年的三月底就已经发生，所以不能选Ｄ不定式表示未来动作，句子用了具体过去时间状语(at the end of last March)，不能选B。the most recent being launched at the end of last March 为独立主格结构。
4．The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for the day. (重庆卷) A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
解析：两个“句子”间没有并列连词，不可能填一个完整的谓语，可以最先排除C和D。再根据句意，由于lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。
考场思维练习
1. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buy
2.He wrote a lot of novels, none of them _________ into a foreign language.
A. translating
B. translated
C. were translated
D. had translated
3. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _________ into a foreign language.
A. translating
B. translated
C. were translated
D. had translated
1.and 为关键词，连接三个并列先后发生的动作went，bought ，visited为并列谓语。选A
2. 两个“句子”间没有并列连词，空格处不能是完整的谓语，所以可以排除C和D；再根据“小说”与“翻译”之间的被动关系。选B.。
3题与2题只有一个词的差别，那就是将第2题中的them改成了which。很多学生很可能会忽略这一差别。第3题的句子由简单句变成了复合句，因为none of which…在此引出一个定语从句；而定语从句作为完整句子形式，它就必须要有完整的谓语，同时结合“小说”与“翻译”之间的被动关系，选C最合适。
4.用并列平行思维改正以下句子。
The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop. came (并列时态)
The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.(并列带有定冠词"the"的名词) method前加the
I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was hold up on my way back. 2009全国2改错and改为but
5.用并列平行思维写出单词正确形式。
2010全国2 The baby in the next room (睡醒) and began to cry。awoke/awaked
2009全国2He （按下）the button and the doorbell rang. pressed前后分句时态保持平衡
高考英语七选五精选文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
七选五练习 一 A man was driving at 70 miles in a 40-mile-zone, when a police car came behind him with the light on. 56 ____ As the policeman came to him, he said, "Hi, officer, I guess you caught me a little bit over the limit. I was in a rush to get home, to be with my wife and kids, you know my younger son wasn't feeling too well when I left home this morning." The policeman said, "Well, I guess so,'' and started writing something in his notebook. ____57 . A few moments later, the policeman came to his window and handed him a paper, and returned to his car without saying a single word. The man started to wonder, how much this ticket was going to be as he began to look at the paper. 58 "I had a daughter who was killed by a speeding car at the age of six, by a speeding driver like you. He got a fine, a few months in prison, and was free, free to hug two other daughters. 59__ I have tried to forgive that man a thousand times, and I thought I had. Maybe I really did forgive him, but I have to do it again, even right now. 60 " The man was very surprised and could not move for the next few minutes. When finally he did, he drove slowly, even a few miles under the speed limit, praying for forgiveness. A.So pray for you, and be careful when you drive again, your daughter is all you have left. only had one and now I have to wait until I get to heaven before I can hug her again away the man started thinking of excuse to give. was surprised it was not a ticket as he began to read : E. So pray for me, and be careful when you drive again, my son is all I have left. F．As minutes went by, he could see from the side view mirror, the policeman was still writing. G. He was surprised it was not a ticket but a receipt(收据). 二 Do you constantly use the computer, whether for learning or entertainment Computers give off radiation that is bad for your health, but here are some ways to protect yourself from computer radiation． ___71___ Green tea can be absorbed by the body easily into a form of vitamin A, which helps reduce radiation．___72___
一、选择题 1．I like fruit _________ I don't eat too much. A．and B．but C．because 2．Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A．goes B．go C．to go D．went 3．I think English is difficult __________ interesting. I like it. A．but B．or C．so D．and 4．Don't run so fast, ____________you might fall over. A．or B．and C．unless 5．I don't want to buy the jeans because__________ the colour_________the size fits me. A．both,and B．neither,nor C．either,or D．not only,but also 6．It's raining hard outside, _______ we have to watch TV at home. A．so B．but C．because D．if 7．I like sports, I don't play them. A．because B．so C．and D．but 8．—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A．or; but B．or; and C．and; but D．and; and 9．---I haven’t read your diary. ---You’re lying. , how do you know what I said about Amy? A．However B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Instead 10．I like math______ I don't like P．E. A．and B．but C．because 11．The shop isn't open, she can’t buy her favourite chocolate. A．so B．or C．but 12．—Can you play soccer? —No, I can't.________I can play basketball. A．But B．Because C．So 13．—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A．and B．or C．so D．but 14．I have only two tickets, so _____ you _____ your sister can go with me tonight. A．both, and B．neither, nor C．either, or D．not only, but also 15．—What do you usually do in the evening？ —Well，I either watch TV ________ play games with my brother． A．and B．but C．or
2017考研英语翻译之并列平行结构译法 介绍 英语常用并列连词，如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或neither…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分，这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词的宾语、两个或几个名词的定语、两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句，则构成一个并列句，使用并列结构可以使文字简洁，结构紧凑，并避免重复。 1. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. 分析：句中由by引导的三个并列平行结构表示原因。treated as…结构使用了倒装结构，因为the family roles后面有修饰成分，故将其置后。 译文：而个人主义的方法由于攻击性别角色，否定生理差别的重要性，攻击现存的家庭体制是不可救药的父权制，结果把对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色完全视为无关紧要了。 2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government. 分析：介词by 后面的separate…personnel systems, diffusion…special services和the absence of…the government为三个并列成分。表示缺少详细记载的原因。句中一些词要转译。 译文：这个级别的联邦政府官员和职位没有完整的记载。对此(缺少详细记载)所做的解释可能是，各部门的条例和人事制度各不相同，分布的特殊服务部门太多并缺少一个中心机构(总统本人除外)来管理所有的政府高级官员。 3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. 分析：动词consider 后面的宾语是the wants of the customer。非限定性定语从句who must buy… 修饰the customer，not the thing …but the thing…是并列成分。 4. The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 分析：该句中，to aid in 后面跟了四个并列的动名词，而四个并列的动名词后又跟了三个并列的宾语。 译文：广泛用来借以对学生、雇员和军事人员进行选拔、分类、分配任务或提拔的教育或心理方面的标准化测试，最近受到了书报杂志，甚至国会的抨击。 5. The lack of insistence on personal honor, the surface informality, the disparaging responses to compliments, and willingness to admit mistakes are part of the egalitarian tradition, as are the Americans’ pride in what they have been able to achieve and their criticism of things that fall short of perfection. 分析：该句的主句由四个并列的名词短语做主语，即The lack of insistence…,the surface
七选五练习 一 A man was driving at 70 miles in a 40-mile-zone, when a police car came behind him with the light on. 56 ____ As the policeman came to him, he said, "Hi, officer, I guess you caught me a little bit over the limit. I was in a rush to get home, to be with my wife and kids, you know my younger son wasn't feeling too well when I left home this morning." The policeman said, "Well, I guess so,'' and started writing something in his notebook. ____57 . A few moments later, the policeman came to his window and handed him a paper, and returned to his car without saying a single word. The man started to wonder, how much this ticket was going to be as he began to look at the paper. 58 "I had a daughter who was killed by a speeding car at the age of six, by a speeding driver like you. He got a fine, a few months in prison, and was free, free to hug two other daughters. 59__ I have tried to forgive that man a thousand times, and I thought I had. Maybe I really did forgive him, but I have to do it again, even right now. 60 " The man was very surprised and could not move for the next few minutes. When finally he did, he drove slowly, even a few miles under the speed limit, praying for forgiveness. A.So pray for you, and be careful when you drive again, your daughter is all you have left. B.I only had one and now I have to wait until I get to heaven before I can hug her again C.Right away the man started thinking of excuse to give. D.He was surprised it was not a ticket as he began to read : E. So pray for me, and be careful when you drive again, my son is all I have left. F．As minutes went by, he could see from the side view mirror, the policeman was still writing. G. He was surprised it was not a ticket but a receipt(收据). 二 Do you constantly use the computer, whether for learning or entertainment? Computers give off radiation that is bad for your health, but here are some ways to protect yourself from computer radiation．___71___ Green tea can be absorbed by the body easily into a form of vitamin A, which helps reduce radiation．___72___ It is advisable to attach a radiation filter plate （辐射过滤板）in front of your computer’s screen．Make sure to avoid putting any metal substances near your computer as these may have reflected some of the electromagnetic waves that are harmful to your health．___73___The brighter the screen the higher the radiation
第一章简单句 一、简单句（simple sentence）：是基础句型，只有包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构：“主语+谓语（SV）”、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语（SVOO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语（SVOC）”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语（SV）”结构，简称为主谓结构，谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，如： （1）、Day│ broke. 天亮了 （2）、Things │change.事物是变化的。 （3）、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 （4）、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”结构，简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语（SLP）”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构，此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用，其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如： （5）、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 （6）、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 （7）、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 （8）、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”结构，可简称为主、谓、宾结构，其谓语一般是及物动词，宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 （9）、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案？
一、选择题 1．I like apples ________ bananas, but I don’t like pears. A．or B．and C．so D．for 2．I like math______ I don't like P．E. A．and B．but C．because 3．The supermarket is far away from here, ___________ you'd better take a taxi. A．because B．if C．so D．or 4．Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A．goes B．go C．to go D．went 5．I think English is difficult __________ interesting. I like it. A．but B．or C．so D．and 6．Don't came in ____________ you are called. A．after B．until C．since 7．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 8．Everyone knows fire is very useful in our daily life, it is also dangerous. A．so B．or C．because D．but 9．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 10．I don’t like running, I like swimming. A．and B．but C．with D．so 11．—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A．or; but B．or; and C．and; but D．and; and 12．—Can you play soccer? —No, I can't.________I can play basketball. A．But B．Because C．So 13．—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A．and B．or C．so D．but 14．His dictionary his radio are on the desk. A．and B．but C．or D．of 15．Dogs are good pets, ________ I do not like it when they leave hair all over. A．or B．but C．and D．so 16．I like English _______it’s very interesting. A．or B．but C．so D．because 17．Taxi Apps（打车软件）can help us travel around more easily.___more and more people like using them.
2019考研英语掌握20种翻译技巧之并列平行结构 考研英语翻译有难度，10-15分拿到手不容易，要想做好翻译题，必须要掌握不同的翻译技巧，小编整理了20种，针对长句、句式、结构等，希望19考生能够打好基础，掌握好这些翻译方法技能。下面我们来学习并列平行结构译法，是常考察的句子结构译法： 2019考研英语掌握20种翻译技巧之并列平行结构 英语常用并列连词，如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或 neithe r…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分，这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词的宾语、两个或几个名词的定语、两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句，则构成一个并列句，使用并列结构可以使文字简洁，结构紧凑，并避免重复。 1. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. 分析：句中由by引导的三个并列平行结构表示原因。treated as…结构使用了倒装结构，因为the family roles后面有修饰成分，故将其置后。 译文：而个人主义的方法由于攻击性别角色，否定生理差别的重要性，攻击现存的家庭体制是不可救药的父权制，结果把对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色完全视为无关紧要了。 2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government. 分析：介词by 后面的separate…personnel systems, diffusion…special services和the absence of…the gove rnment为三个并列成分。表示缺少详细记载的原因。句中一些词要转译。译文：这个级别的联邦政府官员和职位没有完整的记载。对此(缺少详细记载)所做的解释可能是，各部门的条例和人事制度各不相同，分布的特殊服务部门太多并缺少一个中心机构(总统本人除外)来管理所有的政府高级官员。 3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
平行结构是一种常见的语言表达形式，是一种人们熟知的生动的语体。结构相同或相似，意义密切相关的句子或句子成分的排列方式称为平行结构。英语文体中常见的句法结构修辞方式之一。采用这种修辞方式，句子结构紧凑，协调对称，意义鲜明，逻辑性强。巧妙的平行结构是件艺术品。它表达出来的绝不只是一些思想内容、故事情节，还包括了丰富的情感、意境、韵味和风格，具有丰富的艺术魅力，给人们以美的感受 连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构 并列连词and， but， as well as， or， or else，both … and，neither … nor，either … or，not only … but （also）， rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。 1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致 例1：He went downtown， bought some books and visited his daughter. 例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century， but not used in warfare until two hundred years later. 2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致 例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test， but also on how you participate in class. 例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories. 例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here. 3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致 例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading. 例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper. 4.所连接的句子结构必须一致 例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him. 例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us. 二、某些特定的固定结构。 （1）有些词后要用平行结构。 例如： prefer sth to sth prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth 1） I prefer rice to noodles. 2）I prefer watching TV to listening to music. 3） He preferred to die rather than surrender. （2）有些结构中要用平行结构。 例如：
2018考研英语语法长难句之并列结构 （例句版） 语法长难句，对于任何一个认真准备考研英语的考生而言，都不会是陌生的词。那么经常出现在考研英语中的长难句大概都有哪些结构呢?总的来说，考研英语中的语法长难句类型包含如下：隔离结构、并列结构、同位语从句、后置定语、状语从句、标语从句、插入语、比较结构、强调和倒装等。今天，就来带领大家来看一下那些在考研英语中出现的长难句结构---并列结构。 并列结构，顾名思义，并列结构就是将性质相同，内容相似，结构相似，无先后顺序，无因果关系的成分或者句子的并列的结构。因其成分为并列出现，故被称为并列结构。在英语句子中，经常出现“and，but，as well as，or，or else，both...and，neither...nor，either...or，not only...but(also)，as...as”等，将两个性质对等或是结构对等的部分连接成并列结构。无论是在做阅读理解还是翻译模块时，平行结构的作用还是比较大的：考生可以根据出现的平行结构来推断出与其对等的部分，进而可以通过对已知部分的理解，来推断出对等部分的含义，最终达到理解整个句子的意义。 例如：And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 在个句子中，句子的主干为：one leading authority says that+宾语从句;而在这个宾语从句“these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.”，我么可以看到not only...but(also)..结构，很明显，宾语从句中包含着一个并列结构;而并列的两部分为harnessed 和brought under conscious control;“to help us sleep and feel better”是状语成分。那么这个句子在进行翻译时，就要考虑到这个平行结构的处理：而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡得更香，是我们感觉更好。 同时，在2015年的考研英语题目中，有一道题目是词义考查题目：24.The word “moola”(Para. 4) most probably means . [A]skills [B]energy [C]earnings [D]nutrition 定位到文中第四段的句子，我们就可以很轻松的选出答案：“The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.”。根据and前后的关系puts in hours of physical or mental labor和draws out life-sustaining moola，就可以推断出“几个小时的体力和脑力劳动的投入”就可以“获得维持生活的工资”。 通过长难句中的平行结构给各位考生展示了“对付”平行结构的方法，希望考生可以在之后的复习过程中，对于这类结构多加留意和用心，并能投入到长难句的复习当中。 其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。 辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。 第一招：看经验谈视频，凯程网站有经验谈视频，其他机构没有。
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词） How many do you want? - I want two. （数词） They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
第十一章平行结构Parallel structures 许多句子在描述一个人或一件物品时往往会出现一系列修饰语；动词的修饰语，即副词往往也会几个同时使用，构成平行结构，平行结构要求语法结构须保持一致，如： 1．系列动词： after school, we sang, danced and played the piano in the classroom. 2．系列形容词： She is slim, tall, blond and beautiful. 3．系列副词： The students are listening to me carefully and eagerly. 平行结构不仅包括动词，形容词，副词，也包括分词，不定式，动名词，名词短语和句子等的平行用法，务必提高辨别力。 练习测试 I 单选： 1. The purpose of the research had a different meaning for them than ________. A. ours B. for ours it had C. with us D. it did for us 2. The decision to ration a commodity rests on a judgement of its relative scarcity, ________ and the feasibility of continuing it. A. it is important B. is it important C. its importance D. what is its importance 3. Scandinavian countries make household goods that are designed both to function well ________. A. and to be looking beautiful B. and to look beautiful C. and to be beautiful looking D. as well as to look beautifully 4. The chairman urged the members of the committee to set aside their differences ________. A. and began to work B. starting to begin to work C. and be settled for work D. and settle down to work 5. In his novels the author combines sound scholarship with ________. A. a witty style B.a style of wit C. a style full of wit D. a style which witty 6. During the examination we were supposed to stay in our seats, keep our eyes on our work, ________ to anyone. A. but could not talk B. rather than speak C. instead of speaking D. and not speak