英语教学法教程unit12 Teaching Writing 重点与难点
一．填空题。
1. Ss are motivated by________ writing tasks that have some ______ elements.
2. EFL writing tasks lack _______ .EFL writing tasks focus on the _______ rather than process.
3.Writing activities can be “writing for ______ ”,“writing for______ ”and somewhere between.
二．判断题。
1.（）Brown summarises the features of process writing .
2. ( ) There are three major differences between EFL writing with
writing in reality.
3.( ) Morgan said that“writing can be less threatening for anxious
students as it gives them time to think about their meaning and
purpose.
4. ( ) Editing may take two forms: peer editing and teacher-editing.
5. ( ) The main procedure s of process writing include creating a
motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping , freewriting,
outlining, editing, revising, proofreading and conferencing.
6. ( ) Brainstorming help ss organize the generated ideas ,by using
a diagram or an outline.
7. ( ) Guidance for peer editing and for self-editing.
8.（）Teaching are encourage to do independent proofreading.
9. ( ) During the conferencing , Ts need to encourage rather than
criticize ,be destructive rather than constructive and try
their best to protect ss self-esteem.
10.( ) It is believed that the way to motivated ss to write is key
to point to the successful teaching of writing.
三．名词解释。
1. Editing:
2. Brainstorming:
3. Revising:
4. Conferencing:
5. Mapping :
小学英语教学法期末复习题库 一、填空 1、小学生具有无意注意占主导，有意注意有一定发展、注意不够稳定，常常带有情结色彩、注意的品质较差等特点和优越条件。 2、小学英语课堂教学的特点是重视培养和激发学生学习英语的深厚兴趣，在教学活动中要有和谐的语言教学氛围，要重视学生基本技能和学习习惯的培养。 3、基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。 4、《英语新课程标准》提出学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。 5、语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础，文化意识是得体运用语言的保证。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素，学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证。 6、教学是教师的教和学生的学的统一活动。就英语教学而言，教学的实质就是一种特殊的认识过程。英语教学过程就是生生之间和师生之间的共同参与、合作、交流的活动过程。 7、学生认识的客体是英语，教师认识的客体是教学规律。教学双方都为对方提供信息，英语就是为了促进交流。 8、教学的最终任务是培养学习者的交际能力。 9、交际性原则提出的主要依据有三点：第一，语言是表达意义的体系；第二，语言的主要功能是交际功能；第三，语言的主要单位不仅是语法、结构特征，还包括功能范畴。 10、情景教学的原则提出的主要依据有三点：第一小学生的心理和年龄特点；第二，语言的习得规律；第三，小学生的学习规律。 11、语言教学的内容包括语言知识和语言技能两个方面 12、体态语是指说话时的表情、手势、动作等。 13、在教学中写有两方面的含义：一是书写，二是写作。 14、良好的课堂气氛是搞好课堂教学，保证教学质量的关键。 15、备课的主要任务是熟悉教材、写出具体教案、确定课时教学目标、教学方法、板书计划、课内练习题等。 16、教学效果不取决于教师,也不取决于学生,而是双方共同活动的结果. 17、小学英语教学的原则包括：交际性原则、听说领先的原则、情境教学原则和趣味性原则。 18、英语课堂教学的实质是交际。 19、遵循视听说与读写结合的原则，教学要采用听说领先、读写跟上的方法。 20. 小学阶段的英语小学目标（教学目标）是：通过听、说、玩、看等教学活动，激发和培养学生的学习兴趣，使其养成良好的学习习惯；通过学习使学生获取对英语的一些感性认识，掌握一定的语言基本技能，培养初步运用英语进行听、说的交际能力；开发智力，发展包括观察、记忆、思维和想象等内容的思维能力，培养学生建立科学的世界观、人生观、价值观、对通过英语传递的思想、文化、情感等有初步的跨文化认知的意识；培养学生的爱国主义精神以及世界公民的意识。 21、小学英语教学法是研究小学英语教学的理论和实践，是研究小学英语教学的全部过程及其规律的一个科学体系。 22、教师在教学活动之前主要应编写好三种计划：学期教学进度计划，单元教学计划，课时计划。 23、备好课，必须做好如下三方面的工作：了解学生，钻研教材，制定教学计划。 24、新课程设置是按九年一贯制设置义务教育阶段课程的方式，小学阶段以综合课程为主，
英语教学法教程教案 A Course in English Language Teaching 主讲：姚向礼 教材：《英语教学法教程》 主编：王蔷 出版社：高等教育出版社 绪论外语教学法主要流派 Teaching approaches & Methods Approaches & methods of Language Teaching 众说纷纭，现以学习理论作为分类标准，将学派分为认知性的，连接性的和综合性的三大类。并简介翻译教学法，自然教学法，直接教学法，认知教学法，功能教学法，在这之前首先概述一下拉丁语教学法、。 ①拉丁语教学法，指（15-16世纪）为欧洲语言的极盛时期，学校里教授作为外语之拉丁语的直觉模仿法。它在（15——16世纪）为语法模仿法：16世纪末到17世
纪，由于民族语渗入学校，拉丁语教学法主要为词汇模仿法。先后提出了自觉性原则和直观性原则。这一时期的两大代表人物①惜提哈（ratch1571-163500））②夸美纽斯教学法Conienius(1592_1670) ①德国论点是通过经验与分析去学习一切。认为只从理论途径得到的记忆才是可 靠的。词汇翻译法，自觉对比法，认真教学法。 二、联结性的教学法学派 特点：经验主义的哲学观点；重视外语话语与实物，观念，概念等外部世界与思维的直接联系；侧重口头操练。 自然教学法（绝对排斥本族语的教学法） 直接教学法（自然教学法发展起来的）（一种习惯） 听说教学法 视听教学法 功能教学法（又名意念法，交际法或意念——功能—交际法 三、综合性的教学法学派，来源于直接法与翻译的综合 自觉实践法 折衷法（又是极端） 分阶段教学法 一、语法翻译法(Translation Method) The grammar translation Method(Reading Method ,classical Method ).In China, it is called old method and is probably the most widely known and has been the most widely used of all approaches to language teaching .Although there have been many developments in language teaching, especially in the teaching foreign language ,grammar-translation method in still used today in various forms .And the main drill in translation. The mains features are as the followings. 1.Classes are taught in the mother tongue,with little active use of the target lauguage. 2.Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isofated words. 3.Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 4.Little attention explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 5.Often the only drills are exercises in translation disconnecfecl sentences from the target language into the mother tongue. 6.little or no attention is given to pronunciation. 希腊文、拉丁文、通过翻译来学习外语。 认为背诵文法规则是学习外语的捷径，使用的课本，开始是孤立的单词和孤立的语法例句，都是从希腊文和拉丁文的名著里摘引出来的。 Advontedges： 1.在外语教学里创建了翻译的教学形式； 2.在外语教学里利用文法、利用学生的理解力，以提高外语教学的效果； 3.着重阅读，着重学习原文或原文文学名著； 4.使用方便。只要教师掌握了外语的基本知识，就可以拿着外语课本教外语，不需要什么教具和设备。 Disadvanfudges： 1.忽视口语教学。在教学里没有抓住语言的本质； 2.忽视语音和语调的教学； 3.过分强调翻译，单纯通过翻译手段教外语，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力，易使学生在使用外语时对翻译有依赖性；
快速跑（途中跑）课堂教学设计 一、指导思想和理念： 本课以“健康第一”为指导思想，以促进学生身心发展及学习兴趣爱好为出发点，能够运用自主、合作等学习方法学习，培养学生的学习意识与实践能力。让学生在自主、合作、互动、尝试中体验快速跑的乐趣，从而能在体育学习中增进学生之间的交流，共同体验运动带来的“乐”，为学生能更好地完成教学任务打下坚实的基础，另外，能从学生的实际出发，教学内容能激发学生学习兴趣，具有知识性、科学性，趣味性。有发展学生体能增进健康的实效性。 二、教材简析： 快速跑是初中年级田径教学的主要教材，通过快速跑练习不仅可以提高学生各种快速反应能力、机体无氧代谢能力，而且可以培养青少年勇往直前，奋发向上的精神，教材对于促进学生生理、心理健康起着积极作用。初中快速跑教学要学生在体验快速跑的乐趣基础上，激发学生的学习兴趣，发展学生快速跑的能力，掌握快速跑的基本技术与技能，以积极进取的态度和行为参与快速跑锻炼。本课时是初二年级快速跑教学，是在初一年级培养跑的正确姿势基础上进行的途中跑技术——发展步频步幅方法教学。快速跑教材的技术教学竞技化味道很浓，但本课采用多种有趣方法激发了学生快速跑兴趣，提高了快速跑的能力。 三、学情分析： 八年级学生正处在生长发育的加速期，他们朝气蓬勃，富于想象，活泼好动，有很强的求知欲和表现欲，他们已经过一年的新课程学习，在学习方法上已有了很大转变，已具备一定的自学、自练能力，在教师的引导下在学练中具有探究、分析、解决问题能力，合作、自控能力。这是本课教学必备条件。从本年级学生的具体情况看，他们在以往学习快速跑途中跑的过程中能积极参与，对快速跑途中跑的动作要领有了一定的掌握，但动作不够规范，所以本节课的教学要加强对快速跑途中跑学习的指导、示范、评价、激励作用为他们营造和谐愉快的课堂氛围，达到“教”与“学”的有机统一。 四、教学目标： 1. 学生能够知道快速跑时步频步幅对跑速的关系，掌握正确的途中跑技术。 2. 通过强化学生途中跑技术中步长步频的练习，使学生在途中跑时能做出明显的折叠前摆动作，发展学生快速奔跑能力。 3. 练习中培养学生积极主动团结合作精神。 五、教学重点、难点： 教学重点：途中跑技术中的步频步幅 教学难点：蹬与摆动作技术的协调配合。 六、教学设计： 教学作为课程实施的主要途径，在教学资源的开发与利用中起着不可忽视的作用，本课的教学在结合学校的实际和学生的经验与体验，依据一定的教学目标对课程资源进行选择、组合、改造与创造，使教学资源的开发与利用落实到教学层面。主要体现在以下几方面： 1、通过对快速跑教材教学方法的运用开发，使本课技术教学重点得到解决。 2、通过有效利用学生较为喜欢的游戏、比赛等学习形式，激发学生学习兴趣，使教学难点得到突破。 3、通过教师教学行为转变：帮助学生设计恰当的学习活动形式和形成有效的学习方式；帮助学生营造和维持学习过程中积极的心理氛围，达到学生掌握技术的目的。 七、教法学法： 本节课在注重技术学习基础上加强了对学生兴趣的培养，在运用讲解示范等基本教学方法的基础上，更注重自主学习合作学习等教学方法，让学生在民主、平等、愉快、和谐的课堂氛围中学习，从而激发学生学习兴趣。学法上充分调动学生积极性，学生通过学习-自主学习-集中学习-体验-比赛逐步深入的过程进掌握途中跑技术。
《英语教学法》模拟试题1及答案 1. Which of the following is true of second language learning A. Natural language exposure. B. Informal learning context. C. Structured input. D. Little error correction. 2. What type of learners can benefit most from real object instruction A. Individual learners. { [5. Tactile learners. C. Auditory learners. D. Visual learners. 3. What type of intelligence is cooperative learning best suited for A. Interpersonal intelligence. B. Intrapersonal intelligence. C. Logical intelligence. D. Linguistic intelligence. ? 4. What does the following practise * Peer and I v. vent to the cinema yesterday. Peter and * I went to the cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the * cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the cinema * yesterday. A. Stress. B. Articulation. C. Liaison. 》 D. Intonation. 5. What learning strategy can the following help to train Match the adjectives on the left with the nouns on the right. H cavy Day Nice Baby Close Building Light Rain Tall Friend $ Cute Smoker
跑步教学的重难点突破短跑是小学体育教材中主要的内容之一，是学生提高身体素质的必然练习项目，根据这个单元跑的练习，结合自己的经验，我觉得在进行跑的单元练习时候要做到： 1、明确目标，树立信心 有目标才能有动力，有目标才会积极进取。体育课堂教学中培养学生跑步兴趣的首要基础就是明确的目标。利用儿童对教师的充分信认感、依赖感。在小学低段体育教学的起始阶段体育教师就应当向学生渐渐渗透跑步锻炼对人类身心发展的具大作用。让学生明白通过跑步可以使自己身体变得更强壮，可以使自己的意志更坚定以克服更大的困难。体育教师可以通过文字、绘画、影像等多媒体手段向学生展示出来。在学生心中奠定跑步健身的理论基石。在学生心中树立跑步健身的明确目标。让学生对参与跑步健身充满期待 2、循序渐进，运动量要适中 跑的运动负荷相对来说是非常大的，一节跑的课的运动负荷安排科学的来说应该是学生的心率曲线呈现出上升—稳定—下降趋势，为了实现遵循这一规律，我在本单元实践课的教材选择上注意运动量的大小搭配合理，以及强度出现的时机安排恰当。例如：本单元中的50米快速跑，在课开始阶段可以安排运动量较小的准备活动，这样的游戏可以使学生在运动时候不感到疲惫，而在课结束阶段则安排一些放松练习内容，从而可以确保学生在整堂课中的生理负荷有一个正常曲线变化。
3、丰富教学内容，激发学生兴趣 新课程理念中也要求教师关注学生的心里健康，小学生的心理特点其注意力维持的时间比较短，稳定性比较差，他们只有短时间地集中注意于他们要完成的动作和感兴趣的事物上，对那些过分抽象、枯躁无味，与他们的感知较远的教材内容则难以引起他们的兴趣。而且跑步又是一个比较枯燥的项目，所以，我在这个单元教学时注意选择生动活泼的内容作为搭配教材，使学生对所学内容发生兴趣，从而能自觉努力地去学习。
英语教学法教程试题库 Unit 1 Part I Read the following statements or questions and choose the best answer for each statement or question. 1. Much of human behavior is influenced by their_____ _____ A. experiences B. wisdom C. knowledge D. parents 2. What is the basis for syllabus design, teaching methodology, teaching and assessment procedures in the classroom? A. teaching attitude B. definitions of language C. structural view of language D. functional view 3. What does the structural view of language see language? A. a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner B. a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people C. a linguistic system made up of various subsystems D. a linguistic system and a means for doing things 4. What does the functional view of language see language? A. a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner B. a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people C. a linguistic system made up of various subsystems D. a linguistic system and a means for doing things 5. What does the interactional view of language see language? A. a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner B. a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people C. a linguistic system made up of various subsystems D. a linguistic system and a means for doing things 6. Which of the following teaching method is based on the behaviorist theory? B A. Grammar translation B. Audio-lingual C. Task-based teaching and learning D. Communicative teaching 7.What are the characteristics of audio-lingual method? https://www.doczj.com/doc/c914190697.html,nguage is learned by constant repetition and the the reinforcement of the teacher B.Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. C.Students should be allowed to create their own sentences based on their understanding of certain rules. D.Both A and B. 8.Which three groups can summarize all the elements of the qualities of a good teacher? A.Ethic devotion, professional qualities and personal styles B. Ethic devotion, professional qualities and individual freedom C. Individual freedom, professional qualities and personal styles D. Ethic devotion, personal styles and individual freedom 9.What are the purposeful preparation that a language teacher normally receives before he starts the practice of teaching? A.Learning from other’s experiences B.Learning the received knowledge C.Learning from one’s own experiences as a teacher
Unit 1 Language and Language Learning Aims of the unit In this unit we will discuss some general matters about language learning and teaching. We are going to discuss five questions on particular: 1.How do we learn language 2.What are the common views on language 3.What are the common views on language learning 4.What are the qualities of a good language teacher 5.How can one become a good language teacher 1.1How do we learn languages Mach of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. Before we discuss language learning theories, let us first reflect on our own language learning experience. Task 1 Below is a list of interview questions on how people learn a foreign language. In the first column, write down your own responses. Then interview three other students in your class and enter their responses in the other columns. Discuss your findings in group of 4 and draw some conclusion.
《跳》重难点突破 一、理念： 在实施新《课程标准》发展素质教育的今天，体育课堂教学不再是传统单调、枯燥的学习氛围，而是要通过教学让学生充分展示、体现自我。特别是对小学低年级学生来说，通过唱游形式进行体育教学，达到教学目的，提高学习成绩，激发学习兴趣，已逐步成为体育教师一种行之有效的教学手段。 二、案例：小学一年级（1）班 ㈠学习内容： （1）游戏：模仿各种小动物 （2）单脚起跳、双脚落地 ㈡学习目标： 1、学生能在轻松愉悦的歌舞中做出基本跳跃的动作。 2、学生能应用所学的知识进行创新活动。 ㈢教学设计： 让每个学生通过唱中游、游中练感受到愉悦，在愉悦中初步掌握＂单脚起跳双脚落地＂简单的动作方法，同时在激活思维、拓展能力过程中体验合作、创新、成功时的心情，从而有效地提高学生主动参与学习的兴趣。 ㈣片段介绍： 1、调动情绪，激发兴趣。 ⑴课堂常规（略），明确学习内容和要求。 ⑵小游戏：模仿各种小动物，随音乐跟教师一起跳舞。 2、合作探究，掌握技能。 ⑴跳跃：单脚起跳，双脚落地。 ⑵唱儿歌→进入情景→探究学习→自主学练→知识技能评价。 ⑶学生唱一编一跳一练一评，在活动过程中掌握技能。 3、激活思维，拓展能力。 ⑴小游戏：模仿各种小动物，创编各种跳的方法。 ⑵唱儿歌→分组游戏→能力拓展→创新能力评价 ⑶学生唱、唱→创、创→评、评，展示创编内容。 4、稳定情绪，恢复身心。 ⑴放松：听音乐、师生共同舞蹈。 ⑵小结：师生共同讲评。 三、案例分析 1、这节课教案编写的主要特点是体现了新《课程标准》所提倡的＂以学生发展为中心，重视学生的主体地位＂的教学理念。 ⑴本课能紧紧围绕学习目标，利用各种游戏创设情景，用音乐贯穿全课，让学生在玩中学、学中乐、乐中思、思中创，即玩中有所得，从而充分感受到自主与合作的乐趣。 开始上课时，就用小游戏的形式出现，让学生感受到体育课的快乐。游戏开始了，教师亲切自然的描述：“秋天是蓝色的，晴朗的天空碧蓝碧蓝，一群小鸟飞过来，让我们和小鸟一起飞吧”。孩子们在音乐的伴奏下，学着欢乐的小鸟自由的飞翔，有独自飞的，有成群飞的…..仿佛进了鸟的天堂。“嘟”一声哨响，教师迅速做出了集合的手势，孩子们快速跑向教师，学生们在慌乱中总算把队伍站好了，但有两个小朋友却找不到自己的位子。教师故作急切的样子说：“这两只小鸟迷路了，谁能帮他们找到家？”大家很快帮助两个迷路的小鸟找到了自己的家。
总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上，进一步明确英语学习的目的，发展自主学习和合作学习的能力；形成有效的英语学习策略；培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力基础。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素。学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的先决条件。文化意识则是得体运用语言的保障，这五个方面共同促进综合语言运用能力的形成。 Principles of communicative language teaching（CLT） Communication principle：activities that involve real communication promote learning Task principle：activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful taskspromote learning Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process Listening and speaking skills need to be refined in terms of the real communicative use，Students should have the chance to listen to and produce what is meaningful, authentic, unpredictable, and creative if possible. Reading is extract meaning or information and the learning of grammar and vocabulary is to facilitate the process Writing：In CLT, students have the chance to write to express their own feelings or describe their own experiences, thus making the practice of writing meaningful and authenticLanguage content (to incorporate functions); CLT just has only expanded the areas Learning process (cognitive style and information processing); and Product (language skills). Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) Task-based Language teaching is, in fact, a further development of Communicative Language Teaching. It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life. It has stressed the importance to combine for m-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching Four components of a task A purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task. If the students don't understand why they undertake the task, they will lost interest and the task will face failure. A context: the task can be real, simulated or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues, such as the location, the participants and their relationships, the time and other important factors. A process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving reasoning, inquiring, conceptualizing and communicating. A product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible (a written plan, a play, a letter. etc.) or invisible (enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.） The PPP Model & The 5-step teaching method 3p：Step I. Presentation Step II. Practice Step III. Production 5-step Model：Step I. Revision Step II. Presentation Step II. Presentation Step IV. Practice Step V. Consolidation Differences between PPP and TBL：1.The way students use and experience language in TBL is radically different from PPP 2.TBL can provide acontent for grammar teaching and form-focused activities.PPP is different in this aspect. Steps of designing a tasks：
短跑途中跑技术教学教案 一.指导思想 本课以《体育与健康》课程标准为依据，以健康第一为指导思想和快乐体育为导向，面向全体学生，以学生的发展为本，体现学生的主体地位与教师的主导作用，挖掘学生的潜能，启发学生积极思考、主动探究和解决问题的能力。 二.学情分析 本课针对水平五的学生设计的。跑是所有运动项目都需要的技能，高中学生面临高考的压力，平时缺乏针对性的练习，大部分的同学会跑，但能跑的好的同学还是比较少的，特别跑途中跑的时候。还有跑是比较枯燥的项目，所以，为了调动学生的积极性，提高学生的动作技术，树立终身体育锻炼意思，本课主要以限制训练法，启发、引导学生。让学生在途中跑的过程中体验运动的快乐，树立上进心 三.学习目标: 1、认知目标：使85%学生初步掌握途中跑的技术动作要领、做法以及完整动作的相关原理，进一步提高跑的速度，为100米跑打下良好的基础。 2、技能目标：通过本次课的学习，使学生初步掌握途中跑动作要领的练习方法。 3、情感目标：本课通过途中跑与游戏的练习，让学生了解爱护大自然的知识认知，提高学生自主互助的合作能力、做到善于思考、团结、合作等优秀品质。 四.教学重难点: 重点:直道途中跑技术 难点:大小腿折叠高抬，拉大步幅技术。
短跑途中跑技术教学教案 上课对象: 人数：任课教师：上课时间:
2．注意观察学生的动作，
课的设计 一、指导思想 随着《体育与健康课程标准》的实施和新课程的推进与完善，体育教学传统的模式需要相应地发生变革，体育教学需要在教学目标、教学内容、教师的教法、学生的学法上进行创新，在“以人为本，健康第一”的理念驱动下，本次课根据《体育与健康课程标准》水平四的目标要求，采用“体验观察、启发思维、合作互动”为主线，创设和谐、宽松的学习氛围，既有教师指导下的学练，又有学生间的创新、互探、合作的学习，将“师生互动”、“生生互动”融入到课堂教学中。 二、组织形式和教学特点 1、准备活动中利用多种激趣练习，促进了学生的学习热情。 2、通过练习发展学生下肢肌肉富有弹性，增强下肢力量，培养学生自学、自创、自练的能力，最终达到体验成功的愉悦心情。 3、短跑途中跑的教学通过学生自主、对比、合作、探讨的多种形式来完成，增强学生主动参与的意识，为运动技能学习与掌握提供了坚实的基础。 单县五中 孙卫国
《英语教学法》模拟试题1及答案 Achievement Test for "Teaching English in the Primary School"3 I. Choose the best answer (30 %) Directions: In this part, you are given fifteen queslions which are followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the choices carefully and choose the one which can best answer the question. (30 points, 2 points each) 1. Which of the following is true of second language learning? A. Natural language exposure. B. Informal learning context. C. Structured input. D. Little error correction. 2. What type of learners can benefit most from real object instruction? A. Individual learners. [5. Tactile learners. C. Auditory learners. D. Visual learners. 3. What type of intelligence is cooperative learning best suited for? A. Interpersonal intelligence. B. Intrapersonal intelligence. C. Logical intelligence. D. Linguistic intelligence. 4. What does the following practise? * Peer and I v. vent to the cinema yesterday. Peter and * I went to the cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the * cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the cinema * yesterday. A. Stress. B. Articulation. C. Liaison. D. Intonation. 5. What learning strategy can the following help to train? Match the adjectives on the left with the nouns on the right. H cavy Day Nice Baby Close Building Light Rain Tall Friend Cute Smoker A. Grouping. B. Collocation. C. Imitation.
Process-oriented theories: are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit.formation,.induction,making.inference,.hypothesis.testing.and.generalization.Condition-oriented theories: emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.Behaviorist theory, skinner,learning process of habit formation&conditioning,a stimulus-response theory ,imitation&repetition SRR,audio-lingual method,external factors,the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. Cognitive theory, chomsky,learning:creative process, internal factors,students are asked to thinking and allow to create their own sentence based on their understanding of certain rules ,language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.Constructivist theory,personal construction,dewey, believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory, similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.learning is best achieved through dynamic interaction between the teacher&learner&between learners Language teacher qualifications：1、a good command of spoken and written language2、formulate theory presupposition3、language background and experience4、know how languages are learnt 5、the ability to use methods in various situations6、deep understanding of cultural background7、understanding the principles of teaching.These elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion，professional qualities and personal styles Communicative Competence:Hedge,:linguistic（knowledge of the language itself,its form and meaning）,pragmatic(the appropriate use of the language in social context),discourse(one ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand it) ,strategic(strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resource),fluency(ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate to slowness or undue hesitation) Views on language.Structural view —The founder：Saussure—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology）2、sound combinations（morphology）3、meaning for communication（syntax）—Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。Functional view— Representative：Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar) —The function view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it .Use the linguistic structure to express functions.Interactional view — Emphasis：appropriateness — Language is a communicative tool，which main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary CLT（交际英语教学）:to help the learners acquire communicative https://www.doczj.com/doc/c914190697.html,nguage in real life is used to perform certain communication functions; use all skills: A. Receptive skill: listening and reading B. Productive skill: speaking and writing; used in a certain social context: teach the part of language in real life rather than all the language students develop all the language skills. Traditional pedagogy (传统教学法): focus on the forms of language.