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阅读理解新增文章（阅读理解新增文章（共6 篇）
目录：
第三十四篇(B 级)：Batteries Built by Viruses
第三十八篇(B 级)：Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
第四十五篇(A级)：Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
第四十六篇(A级)：Marvelous Metamaterials
第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox, the common cold，the flu，and AIDS have in common? They're all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It’s no wonder1that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3.In Cambridge，Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work，teaching them to build some of the world’s smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge，she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries，scientists combine what they know about biology，the technology and production techniques.
Belcher’s team includes Paula Hammond，helps put together the tiny batteries，Y et-Ming who and Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. "We're working on things we traditionally don’t associate with nature," says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. Y ou can hold A，C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However，every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As
these devices shrink，ordinary bakeries won’t be small enough to fit inside.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher’s model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery. But inside，its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin，right? Although the width of each person’s hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side，across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7.
词汇：chicken pox 水痘collaborator n.合作者，协作者microorganism n.微生物pluck v.拔，摘，采metallic adj.金属的
注释：1.no wonder：不足为奇的，难怪2.steer clear of：避开，绕开 3.though：意思为“然而，可是”。在句中使用时通常放在句末。4.Cambridge，Massachusetts：马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge 即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院于1861 年由著名自然科学家威廉·巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的一所私立研究型大学，培养高级科技人才和管理人才，是以理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。5.came up with：提出 6.A，C and D batteries：A、C、D 均为电池型号。7.These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses：这些微型电池可能会改变我们看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是：人们一直认为病毒有害无益，现在病毒可用来制作电池，人们对病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。
练习：
1.According to the first paragraph，people try to
A.kill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc.
B.keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.
C.stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.
D.cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.
2.What is Belcher’s team doing at present? A.It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.. B.It is
mass-producing microbatteries. C.It is making batteries with viruses. D.It is analyzing virus genes.
3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5 ?
A.Broaden.
B.Spread.
C.Extend.
D.Expand.
4.Which of the following is true o f Belcher’s battery mentioned in paragraph 6?
A.It is made of metal.
B.It is a kind of watch battery.
C.It can only be seen with a microscope.
D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.
5.How tiny is one battery part?
A.Its width is one tonth of a hair.
B.It equals the width of a hair.
C.It is as thin as a piece of paper.
D.Its width is too tiny to measure.
答案与题解：1.C 短文第一段的大致意思是，许多疾病都由病毒引起，诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。这是 C 所表达的意思。A不是正确选择，因为文章并没有说人们想方设法去杀死病毒。B 的后半句的内容(病毒肉眼看不见)和 D 的内容(吃药治疗病毒引起的疾病)文中没有提到。 2.C 短文的第二段明确提供了答案。3.D 根据上下文，shrink 在此的意思是“收缩"，即“缩小"。所以，它的反义词是expand(增大，扩张)。不是正确选择，C 因为extend 的意思是become longer，即“延伸”或“加长"。的意思是“加宽”，A也不是答案。B 的意思是“伸展，展开"，在一定的上下文里也可以做shrink 的反义词，但在第五段这个语境里，B 不是最佳选择。4.D 第六段第二句中提到的metallic disk 是指“金属圆盘”，它是微型电池的外形，其内部是由病毒构成的电池部件。微型电池不是由金属组成的，所以A不是答案。本段提到，这种电池looks like a regular watch battery，
与手表里电池外形相似，但并不等同手表电池，所以B 也不是正确选择。文章只是说电池的部件(但并没有说整个电池)小到只能用显微镜才能看到，所以 C 也不是正确的选择。D 才是第六段所要表达的主要内容，因此是答案。 5.A短文最后一段的第四句(“you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side，across one hair”)提供了本题的答案
第三十八篇Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals，where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don’t exist. Without such problems，animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age1.
But that may not be true for2 the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases，joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile，or unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity affects elephants，a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care，documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for me researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps3，over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years-more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos，they lived 18.9 years，while those in the logging camps lived41.7 years.
Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason，a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study，thinks stress and obesity may be to blame4.Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of
exercise they would in the wild，and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild，where they live in large herds and family groups.
Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations，that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants. "Currently，zoos are net consumers of elephants，not net producers," Mason says.
词汇：predator n.食肉动物captivity/ n.监禁;束缚ripe adj.成熟的fare v.过活，生活infertile adj.不生育的obesity n.过度肥胖;肥胖症
注释：1.1ive to a ripe old age：这是一种固定用法，意思是live to an age that is considered to be very old(长寿，高寿)。2.be true for：或者be true of：对……适用。短文中第二段第一句：But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth.这里，作为主语的that 指的是第一段所陈述的内容。这个句子要传达的意思是：动物园对其他动物来说是一个安栖之地，而对大象来说却不然。3.logging camps：伐木场。Logging 作为名词，意思是：伐木业。
4.stress and obesity may be to blame：压力和肥胖是问题的根源。be to blame：该受责备，应承担责任。
练习：
1.According to the first two paragraphs，unlike other zoo animals，zoo elephants
A.have difficulty eating food.
B.1ive to a ripe old age.
C.are not afraid of predators.
D.develop health problems.
2.Which of the following about the international scientists' research on the life spans of elephants is NOT true?(See paragraph 3)?
A.They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.
B.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
C.They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.
D.The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.
3.What do the scientist find in their research?
A.Female elephants live longer than male elephants.
B.Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.
C.Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts.
D.Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans.
4.What are the possible causes of stress and obesity Zoo-raised elephants generally suffer from?
A.They do not like living in herds.
B.They do not get enough exercise.
C.They do not live with their families.
D.Both B and C.
5.Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph 7?
A.It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.
B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species.
C.Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.
D.Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.
答案与题解：1.D 短文的第一段告诉我们，人们通常认为动物园内的动物没有猎食的困难，也不受其他猎食动物的威胁，所以一般寿命较长。但第一段并没有提及大象。第二段则说，动物园内的大象却不然，它们面临很多健康问题。所以，除了 D 以外，其他选项均不符合这两段内容。 2.B 第三段告诉我们，动物园，而不是这些研究人员，保存了所有园内动物的详细相关信息。所以应该选择B。其他三个选项均能在该段中找到相关内容。
3.C 短文的第四段提供了答案。该段告诉我们，野生的雌性大象的平均寿命是动物园里的雌性大象平均寿命的 3 倍还多。
4.D 短文的第五段提供了答案。该段第三句的意思是：动物园里的大象不像野生大象那样活动，因此非常肥胖。他们也不像野生大象那样过着群居
的生活，即live in herds and family groups。 5.A短文通篇陈述了大象在动物园内的生存问题，最后一段是全文的总结。该段第一句指出，对动物园大象的研究向人们提出了一个问题：是否应该将更多的大象关进动物园。该段还重复了第一、第二段的观点：其他动物在动物园能够很好地繁衍生息，而大象却不能。所以，A是正确选择。B、C、D 均没有在文中被提及
第四十五篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent，well-public ized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women，reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
“Most of US like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said Hayes." Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely，consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor，and at least for these foods，
more is better，so the supertasters seem to like them more.”
However，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese，Hayes noted. "For example，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronouncedo6."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result，Hayes explained，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
“Some people，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter，while others. called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter，"he said." Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological difterences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. (476)
词汇：publicize v.引起公众对…的注意;(用广告)宣传ferment v.(使)发酵geneticist n.遗传学家dietary adj.饮食的;规定食物的acuity n.敏锐;尖锐
注释： 1.Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences：即Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。Penn 是Pennsylvania 的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855 年，在全国共有24 个分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences 用作定语，修饰food scientist。 2.well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food：大力宣传减少食物含盐量的做法3.1eft many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others：使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare 相当于food。 4.1ead investigator：研发项目负责人 5.…carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips，on multiple occasion，spread out over weeks：……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。6.too pronounced：此处pronounced 为形容词，意为very noticeable，conspicuous(明显的，显著的)。7.supertasting：超重味感练习：
1.In paragraph 2，John Hayes points out that
A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.
B.many people reject low-salt food completely.
C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly
D.food with reduced salt tastes better.
2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly
A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.
B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.
C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.
D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.
3.The article argues that supertasters
A.1ike the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food. .
B.1ike snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.
C.consume less salt because they don t like intensive tastes.
D.1ike to share salty cheese with nontasters.
4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?
A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.
B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.
C.They prefer high-salt cheese，which tastes less bitter.
D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.
5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry?
A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.
B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.
C.Taste acuity is related to one’s eye and hai r color.
D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.
答案与题解：1.C 根据短文的第二段内容，很多人因为食物中的含盐量降低，所以必须
做出很大努力(struggling) 去适应，而低盐食物对于他们来说，口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste…good to them)。选项C 有accept reluctantly(勉强接受)表达了这层意思，所以是正确的选择。A、B、D 三个选项均是错误的。2.A第四段介绍了科学家是如何设计这项研究的，它包含了研究对象的人数、性别、人选条件、咸度味感分级表等。选项A概括了这方面的内容，所以是答案。而选项B、C、D 所述内容均不符合该段的意思。3.B 短文的第五段提供了答案。supertaster 在这里的意思是：口味重的人，在本文中，nontaster 是其反义词，即，口味清谈的人。该段告诉我们，口味重的人消耗更多的盐;因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，口味越好，所以口味重的人对快餐较为偏爱。选项B 表达了上述内容，所以是答案。 4.C 短文第六段提供了答案。该段告诉我们，奶酪发酵会产生苦味，supertasters 不喜欢苦味，而高含盐量可以盖住奶酪里的苦味，这是他们偏爱高盐奶酪的原因。所以，只有 C 是正确选择。 5.A文章第七段中，Hayes 引用了75 年前一位遗传学专家的实验。从这项实验中，Hayes 得出的结论是，Taste acuity(味觉敏度)上的差异与他们头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异是同一类现象，也就是说，都是与生俱来的。第八段又说，这是一种biological difference(生物差异)，所以A是答案。B 说味觉敏度是后天形成的，显然与作者的结论相左。C 说味觉敏度的差异与头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异有关，显然是错误的。D 的内容在最后两段都没有提到，所以不会是答案
第四十六篇Marvelous Metamaterials
Invisibility cloaks1 would have remained impossible，forever locked in science fiction，had it not been for the development of metamaterials2.In Greek，“meta” means beyond，and metamaterials can do things beyond what we see in the natural world-like shuffle light waves around an object，and then bring them back together3.If scientists ever manage to build a full-fledged invisibility cloak，it will probably be made of metamaterials.
“We are creating materials that don’t exist in nature，and that have a physical phenomenon that doesn't exist in nature，”says engineer Dentcho Genov. “That is the most exciting thing.” Genov designs and builds metamaterials-such as those used in cloaking-at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston，Louisiana4.
An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major accomplishment to come from the
field of metamaterials. Other applications are just as exciting. In many labs，for example，scientists are working on building a hyperlens. A lens is a device-usually made of glass-that can change the direction of light waves. Lenses are used in microscopes and cameras to focus light，thus allowing a researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away.
A hyperlens，however，would be made of metamaterials. And since metamaterials can do things with light that ordinary materials can't，the hyperlens would be a powerful tool. A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable-as small as the wavelength of visible light.
Genov points out that the science of metamaterials is driven by the imagination：If someone can mink of an idea for a new behavior for light，then the engineers can find a way to design a device using metamater ials. “We need people who can imagine，”he says.
Since 2006，many laboratories have been exploring other kinds of metamaterials that don't involve just visible light. In fact，scientists are finding that almost any kind of wave may respond to metamaterials.
At the Polytechnic University of V alencia in Spain5，Jose Sanchez-Dehesa is working with acoustics, or the science of sound. Just as an invisibility cloak shuffles waves of light，an “acoustic” cloak would shuffle waves of sound in a way that’s not found in nature. In an orchestra hall，for example. an acoustic cloak could redirect the sound waves-so someone sitting behind a column would hear the same concert as the rest of the audience，without distortion.
Sanchez-Dehesa，an engineer，recently showed that it's possible to build such an acoustic cloak, though he doubts we’ll see one any time soon. “In principle，it is possible，”he says，but it might be impossible to make one，he adds.
Other scientists are looking into ways to use larger metamaterials as shields around islands or oil rigs6 as protection from tsunamis. A tsunami is a giant, destructive wave. The metamaterial would redirect the tsunami around the rig or island，and the wave would resume its journey on the other side without causing any harm.
词汇：cloak n.斗篷，披风hyperlens n.超透镜metamaterial n.超材料acoustics n.声学full-fledged adj.完全成熟的，完全合格的tsunami n.海震，海啸
注释：1.Invisibility cloaks：隐形衣。《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》在(Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows) 一书中，哈利通过邓布利多的转交继承了他父亲的隐形衣。该书是英国女作家J.K.罗琳创作的哈利·波特系列小说的第7 部。2.…had it not been for the development of metamaterials：……如果超材料尚未得到开发的话。该句使用的是虚拟过去时的倒装结构。虚拟过去时表示与过去事实相反的假设;因为是倒装结构，所以将情态动词had 提到主语之前。如使用正常语序，该句可写为....if it had not been for the development of metamaterials. 3.“meta”means beyond, and metamaterials can do th ings beyond what we see in the natural world-like shuffle light waves around an object，and then bring them back together：“meta" 的词义是“超越”，metamaterials(超材料)能做出我们在自然界看不到的事情，例如将光波移动到某个物体周围，然后将光波全部收回。4.Louisiana Tech University in Ruston，Louisiana：路易斯安那理工大学，位于路易斯安那州拉斯顿市。该校为公立大学，1894 年建校，是美国最为重要的研究型大学之一。5.the Polytechnic University of V alencia in Spain：瓦伦西亚理工大学，位于西班牙东南部的瓦伦西亚市，该校建于1968 年。 6.oil rigs：石油钻塔
练习：
1.What is true for metamaterials?
A.They will always remain in science fiction.
B.They are already a reality.
C.They are nonexistent in nature.
D.Scientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks.
2.A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens
A.as it can allow scientists to see small things.
B.as it can help photographers to capture images far away.
C. even if it is made of ordinary materials.
D.as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light.
3.Scientists at the Polytechnic University of V alencia try to invent
A.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of light.
B.an invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.
C.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.
D.a cloak that is made of materials found in nature.
4.According to Sanchez-Dehesa，
A.it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soon.
B.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from reality.
C.it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloak.
D.it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak.
5.What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil rig from tsunamis? (Read the last paragraph.)
A.Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields.
B.Stopping the tsunami with metamaterials hours before it reaches them.
C.Building them with larger metamaterials to keep away tsunamis.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c610723211.html,ing the equipment made of metamaterials to forecast arrival of a tsunami.
答案与题解：
1.C A不是正确答案，因为短文一开始的句子使用了虚拟语态，句子的意思是：如果超材料尚未得到开发的话……。也就是说，科学家已经在研发超材料。短文的后面部分也进一步提到科学家正致力于超材料的开发。但是因为超材料尚未研发成功，科学家更没有开始使用超材料来制造隐身衣，所以 B 和 D 也不是正确选择。第二段的第一句提供了答案。
2.D A、B 所述功效均是第三段中普通的lens 能够达到的功效，所以不是正确选择。Hyperlens 不是用普通材料制成，所以C 也是错误选择。短文第四段对hyperlens 做了描述，结合第四段内容可以得到D 选项提供的结论。
3.C 短文的第七段提供了答案。该段的大意是：瓦伦西亚理工大学的研究者Jose Sanchez-Dehesa 试图研发acoustic cloak，其原理与invisible cloak 相同，只是acoustic cloak 移动声波(shuffle waves of sound)，而不是
移动光波(shuffle waves of light)。所以，只有 C 是正确的选择。4.B 短文的第八段提供了答案。工程师Sanchez-Dehesa 认为，成功开发acoustic cloak 在理论上是可能的，但他对是否能成功表现出怀疑。 5.A短文的最后一段告诉我们，科学家也在研究如何将超材料应用于抵御海啸的袭击。可以在岛屿周围使用超材料作为防护(shields)，因为超材料可以让海啸改变行走方向(redirect tsunami)。A表达了这层意思，所以是答案。文章没有说，在海啸到达之前数小时用超材料将海啸档住，B 不是答案。文章没有建议用超材料建造海岛和石油钻塔，C 不是答案。D 的内容是用超材料制作海啸预警器，文章中没有提及，也不是答案
完型填空新增文章（完型填空新增文章（共3 篇）
目录：
第三篇(C 级)：What Is Coolest Gas in the Universr?
第十二篇(B 级)：Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
第十五篇(A级)：Y oung Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was-91℃，which （1）in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in （2 ）.
Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about+1200℃to-120℃.The temperature depends upon （3 ）you are in direct sunlight or shade.Obviously，-120℃is colder than our body can safely endure.Thank NASA science for well-designed space （4 ）that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar （5 ）.Obviously，it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun.Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about-210℃.How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again，depends upon your （6）.We are taught it is supposedly （7 ）have a
temperature it to below absolute zero，which is-273℃，at which atoms do not move.Two scientists，whose names are Cornell and Wieman，have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely （8）absolute zero.They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work-not a discovery，in this case2.
Why is the two scientists’ work so important to science?
In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting （9）about special light particles we now call photons.Bose had trouble （10 ）other scientists to believe his theory, （11 ）he contacted Albert Einstein.Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms （12）behave as Bose thought-but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that （13 ）atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose3 one second （14 ）six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time4(d=v×t).With5 the long distances involved in space （15 ）we need to know time as accurately ，as possible to get accurate distance.
词汇：Antarctica n.南极洲photon n.光子orbit n.轨道theorize v.推理，使理论化NASA 美国国家航空和航天管理局velocity n.速度Astronomer n.天文学家Pluto n.冥王星注释：
1.our area：我们的这个区域。指的是太阳系中环地球的宇宙空间。
2.in this case：在这个案例中。诺贝尔物理奖一般是授予创立某种重大理论或有着重大发现的科学家。在这一案例中，两位科学家不是由于有重大科学发现而得奖，而是由于成功地将气体的温度降到接近绝对零度而得奖。
3.These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second…：这些钟如此精确，…… 才慢1 秒钟。they would only lose one second 是结果状语，they 之前省略了连接词that。
4.velocity times time：速度乘以时间。times 是介词，意为“乘以”。
5.With：由于
练习：
1.A opened B occurred C opposed D operated
2.A Earth B space C planet D star
3.A whether B where C what D when
4.A foods B beds C tools D suits
5.A wind B energy C system D rays
6.A education B status C knowledge D location
7.A reasonable B wonderful C impossible D necessary
8.A above B below C within D beyond
9.A invention B theory C paper D experiment
10.A convincing B begging C ordering D forcing
11.A and B though C but D so
12.A will B would C must D can
13.A ultra-small B ultra-fast C ultra-hot D ultra-cold
14.A any B each C every D some
15.A travel B research C walk D station
答案与题解： 1.B 本段叙述地球上记录到的最低温度是-91℃，本段最后一句的后半句显然是交代这一最低温度是在南极洲出现的。所以，occurred(发生，出现)是正确的选择。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思相去甚远。2.B 通观本段，内容是叙述宇宙空间的温度。选项 B 的space 是“宇宙空间”的意思，所以是答案。其他三个选项Earth(地球)、planet(行星)、star(恒星)在词义上都不合适。3.A上下文的意思是：地球轨道上的温度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之间。温度的变化取决于是向阳还是背阳。whether 是“是否"的意思，所
以是本题的答案。 4.D 上文说-120℃是宇航员无法忍受的温度，下文说美国国家航空和航天管理局生产出某种装置以protect astronauts from these temperature extremes(保护宇航员不受极端温度的侵害)。很明显，这一装置就是“space suits”。 5.C 现在讨论的内容是有关太阳系的宇宙空间的温度。本段第二句就说到太阳对温度的影响：靠近太阳的温度高一些，远离太阳的温度就低一些。所以，本题要选system。6.D 整个宇宙空间的温度是多少度呢?温度的高低取决于哪个因素呢?从四个选项分析，温度不会取决于你的education(教育)，你的status(地位)或你的knowledge(知识)，因为这不合乎逻辑。只有选location(位置)才符合上下文的意思。7.C 科学常识告诉我们，绝对零度是宇宙中的最低温度。impossible 是答案。8.A本段前面的句子说到最低温度不会低于-273℃，所以，below、within、beyond 都有悖于上述论述。只有above(高于)才与上文的意思相符。9.B 本段第二句说，Bose 没有办法使其他的科学家“believe his theory”，所以第一句的studying an interesting 之后缺失的词应该是“theory”。10.A Bose 一筹莫展，只好求助于爱因斯坦，后者通过计算证实了Bose 的理论。本题选convincing(说服)最恰当。ordering(命令)或forcing(强迫)都不合逻辑。begging(恳求)也太低三下四了。11.D 本段的第二句的前半句与后半句是因果关系，连词要选so。12.B 本句的主句中的谓语动词用的是过去时helped，根据“主句为过去时态，宾语从句一般也要用过去时态"这一时态一致的原则，本题要选would。13.D Cornell and Wieman 荣获诺贝尔物理奖，是因为他们成功地将气体的温度降到接近绝对零度。本文最后两段以实际例子说明他们的成就推动了科学的发展。因此，ultra-small，ultra-fast 和ultra-hot 都与Cornell and Wieman 的研究无关联，不会是答案。只有ultra-cold 才是合乎逻辑的选择14.C 从句子“These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second six million Y ears !”推断，原子钟如此精确，每隔600 万年才慢1 秒。“每隔”的英语用词是every。15.A从地球飞向其他星球的宇宙航程很长，计时越精确，测算宇宙飞行器的即时距离就越精确。本段讲的是精确计时对宇宙航行的重要性。所以，选travel 是正确的。本题不能选walk，因为space walk 是“太空行走”，指的是宇航员离开飞船在宇宙空间中活动，与space travel 是两个不同的概念。
第十二篇Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to“self-medicate” against the blues，scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal2 have found that smoking may actually （1）depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived （2 ）benefits of smoking among teens，"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton，a research associate3 at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto.“ （3 ）cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating （4 ）or to improve mood，in the long term4 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires （5 ）their use of cigarettes to affect mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants，urban and rural schools，and schools （6 ）in high，moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6.
Participants were divided into three （7 ）：never smokers;smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate，improve mood or physical （8 ）;smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things;had （9 ）going to sleep or staying （10 ）;felt unhappy，sad，or depressed;felt hopeless about the future;felt vexed，antsy or tense;and worried too much about things. "
Smokers who used cigarettes as mood （11）had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked，"says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine7.“Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of （12 ）depressive symptoms.”
The（13）between depression and smoking exists （14 ）among teens that use cigarettes to feel better.“It’s （15）to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says
Dr.Chaiton.
词汇：puff v.遇到antsy adj.坐立不安的，烦躁的self-medicate v.自我治疗blues n.抑郁vexed adj.烦虑的
注释： 1.the University of Toronto：(加拿大)多伦多大学2.the University of Montreal：(加拿大)蒙特利尔大学 3.research associate：助理研究员 4.in the long term：从长远看 5.reported：用的是主动态，是自我“报告”的意思。研究人员用问卷的方式进行调查。被调查的青少年自我填写问题的答案。 6.High, moderate and，low socioeconomic neighbourhoods：高档、中档和低档社区7.the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine：蒙特利尔大学社会和预防医学系。此处the University of Montreal 是定语，修饰Department of Social and Preventive Medicine。8.scores：得分。指问卷的统计数字。
练习：
1·A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose
2·A social B financial C emotional D political
3.A Whatever B Although C Whenever D what
4· A effects B methods C steps D directions
5.A beside B beyond C in D about
6.A exposed B expanded C located D detected
7·A groups B sets C species D versions
8·A world B activity C state D beauty
9·A time B courage C energy D trouble
10.A asleep B awake C still D silent
11.A reducers B improvers C creators D removers
l 2·A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming
1 3.A difference B association C cooperation D agreement
l 4·A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally
1 5 A illogical. B unscientific C meaningless D important
答案与题解： 1.B 本文的重点是介绍借抽烟缓解抑郁情绪的青少年到后来他们的depressive symptoms (抑郁症状) 反而加重了。第二、第五、第六段都明确提到这一点。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思搭不上。2.C 抽烟缓解抑郁是一种情绪上(emotional)的得益，不会是social(社会上的)、financial(经济上的)或polotical(政治上的)得益。所以答案是C。3.B 空格所在的句子虽然缺字，意思还是清楚的，前半句的意思与后半句的意思是相反的。前半句说香烟看上去有助于改善心情，后半句说从长远角度看，depressive symptoms 的风险反而会增加。四个选项中只有选项B 的Although 能将前半句和后半句连接起来，并赋予“让步"的意思o 4.A句中的or 是“即”，也就是说，to have self-medicating 加上填入的词之后的意思相当于to improve mood。四个选项中只有选项A 的effects(效果)是填人空格的最合适的词。to improve mood 是自我治疗的效果。其他三个选项methods、steps、directions 与self-medicating 连用，意思分别为“自我治疗的方法"、“自我治疗的步骤”、“自我治疗的指导”，与句子的意思不相配。 5.D 本题要填人的词是介词。分析下来，their use of cigarettes to affect mood 应该是questionnaire(问卷)所要了解的内容。所以，about 是正确的选择。6.C.科学家在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性，人选的青少年既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有农村的。接下来的问题是：在schools 和in high，moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods(高档社区、中档社区和低档社区)之间选哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢?很明显，这些学校有位于高档社区的，也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以选项 C 的located 是答案。7.A本句的意思很明显，问卷的参与者被分成三组或三类。groups 是正确的选择。再看其他三个选项：three sets 是“三套"，three species 是“三个物种”，three versions 是“三个版本”，没有一个是合适的。“ 8.C 科学家将参与者分成三组，其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填人的词应与情绪、身体等有关，荇选A、B、D，组成的词组physical world(物质世界)、physical activity(体育活动)、physical beauty(形态美)均与上文的意思接不上，所以A、B、D 不会是答案。由 C 的state 组成的词组physical state(身体状况)与上文的意思连贯。因此C 是答案。9.D 本段介绍了问卷包含的问题。作者罗列的问题都是负面的，如乏力、失眠、烦躁等。所以填入空格的词也应该是负面的。trouble 符合这个要求，是本题的答案。. 10.A 第九题选了trouble，空格所在的句子是“…had trouble going to sleep or staying ”。or 是“即"
职称英语阅读理解 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-MG129]
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 第二十七篇Driven to Distraction Joe Coyne slides into the driver’s seat, starts up the car and heads1 to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion2, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him. But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn’t real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn’t really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University3 (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.4 The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting — or whether any distractions are offset5 by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.6 “We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor lending the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues7. The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload8 involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy
2016职称英语教材-卫生类C级完形填空及参考译文1 第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses. 1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病 世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。两百万人因此丧命。结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。目前的治疗至少需要六个月。患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。 研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。 世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/c610723211.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
职称英语考试常用语法-基本句型 五个基本句型 根据动词的特性，构成英语中五个基本句型： 1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 2) 主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 其他成分) 3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语 5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 我们在学习5个基本句型时，主要关心每个句型中的出题点在哪里。 (一)第一句型：主语 + 系动词 + 表语 1) 系动词一般为be 动词。 注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等词能够作"半系动词"用，按行为动词方式变化，起系动词的作用。 试验比较： —— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。—— feel为行为动词) —— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白，感到不舒服?—— look / feel为系动词)
一般来说，动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词，该动词为系动词，如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark. 实例： "Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脉搏正常) A. is felt B. is feeling C. feels D. felt 解题思路：normal为形容词，前面应为系动词;系动词没有被动语态，故A不对; look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用实行时，B也不对;D时态错了，故准确答案为C. 2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型： there是引导词，不解释 "那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。 注意中国学生容易搞错的问题： There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房间里家具不够) 错：There hasn't enough furniture in the room. There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫无疑问，中国已消灭天花。) 错：It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
Stress Level Tied to Education Level 1.Stress level is closely related to. social status. 2.The1,031adults were interviewed. on a daily basis for 8 days. 3.Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days? People with college degrees. 4.The less advantaged people are, the greater. the impact of stress on their health is. 5.Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because. Stress is too common a factor in their life. Medical Journals 1.The main readers of medical journals are. health professionals. 2.Which of the following statements is NOT true? Most medical journals publish only online. 3.How many major types of articls are mentioned in the passage? Five. 4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called. A research article. 5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on. Articles published in that journal. Need for Emphasis on Treatment 1.Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries? They are not receiving any treatment. 2.The WHO publishes its World Health Report. Once a year. 3.According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is. A matter of great significance. 4.AIDS treatment programs may also result in. more effective prevention. 5.How many people have died of AIDS so far? More than 20 million. Heat and Health 1.More than 600 people died from heat in Chicago. In 1995. 2.What can piople learn from the Mean Heat Index? The average temperature of an extrem ely hot day. 3.A heat wave is a period of time during which. The weather is much hotter than usual. 4.Muscle pain in hot weather means that. Y our body needs more water. 5.For people who are not in good health,heat can. Be deadly. Losing W eight 1.The study showed that most of the girls. Had a healthy body weight. 2.What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight? Nearly 30 percent. 3.The survey participants were girls. Who were 10 to 1 4. 4.What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with? A hospital. 5.Unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food may. Lead to an eating disorder. Pushbike Peril 1.According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because. they are not noble enough. 2.In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal iniuries. To tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the projict. 3.Paragraph 3 mainly discusses. how serious injuries occur. 4.The passage implies that. It is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. 5.In which of the following ways the handgrip work? It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents. Aate-night Erinking 1.The author mentions “pick-me-up”to indicate that. coffee is a stimulant. 2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. 4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone. 5.The author of this passage probably agrees that. we should not drink coffee after supper. Attitudes to AIDS Now 1.What do activists worry about? People may stop worrying about AIDS. 2.According to the passage, people’s attitude toward the cure of AIDS is. realistic. 3.The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people. Who think AIDS is the country’s top health killer has fallen. 4.According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct? More and more people die of AIDS now.
The First Four Minutes最初四分钟 When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?人们什么时候决定他们是否愿意成为朋友？During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, “Contact：The first four minutes" he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. (1) A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”按列奥纳多?祖尼博士的书中所说是在他们相处的最初四分钟。在他的书《接触：最初四分钟》里，他向所有对开始新的友谊感兴趣的人们提出了这样的建议：“每次你在社交场合遇到什么人时，全神贯注地注意他四分钟。如果这样做了的话，他们的生活就会完全不同。”； You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. 你可能已经注意到了，一般人都不会全神贯注地注意一个他刚认识的人。(2) He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more.他不停地往其他人身后看，好像要在屋里其他地方找到更趣的人似的。If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.如果有人对你这样，你大概不会很喜欢他。
2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.
A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare
2020年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案（词汇选项）2020年职称英语理工类A级词汇选项考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项（第1——15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation. A.imagination B. confirmation C.recall D. disclosure 答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露) 2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal. A.careless B. cruel C.strong D. hard 答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel 3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C. run D.prepare 答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑) 4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. A. changeable B. stable C.suitable D.adaptable
答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的) 5. The new garment fits herperfectly. A.haircut B. purse C. clothes D.necklace 答案为C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服) 6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma. A.fear B. joy C. hurt D.memory 答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦) 7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert. A.decorate B. water C.change D. visit 答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇水) 8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler. A.disabled B. pupil C.teenager D. baby 答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby(婴儿) 9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B.severe C.hard D.dry
2013职称英语阅读理解英文及译文 2013年新增（一）阅读判断 1.第一篇：Taking Pictures of the world 2.*第十二篇：Starting a New Tradition （二）概括大意与完成句子 1.第五篇：US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 2.第八篇：How We Form First Impression （三）阅读理解 1.第三篇：Shark Attack ！ 2.第五篇：The Travels of Ibn Battuta 12年新增的篇目：第1、8、10、11、16、19、20、26、30、33、34、35、37、38、47篇 13年新增的篇目：第3、5篇。 12年第8篇(C级)第33篇B级，第35篇A级2012年已考 职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) 3 第一篇讲述关于人们的故事 Telling Tales about People 第二篇课外学习带来很大不同 4 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 5 第三篇小心鲨鱼 5 Shark Attack! 6 第四篇火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7 第五篇伊本白图泰游记7 The Travels of Ibn Battuta 8 第六篇看电视与长途汽车旅行9 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10 第七篇现代日光浴者10 Modern Sun Worshippers 11 第八篇变化中的中产阶级11 The Changing Middle Class 12 第九篇单亲幼儿最出色12 Single-parent Kids Do Best 13 第十篇艾伦的来信13 A Letter from Alan 14 第十一篇芭蕾舞的发展14 The Development of Ballet 15 第十二篇走私15 Smuggling 15 第十三篇芭比娃娃16 The Barbie Dolls 16 第十四篇睡眠17 Sleep 17
职称英语补全短文第3课时1 PASSAGE 8 Einstein Named "Person of Century" Albert Einstein，whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe，was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday. A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius，Einstein has come to represent_（1）_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology. "The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic，but technological-technologies_（2）_，" wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance. "Clearly，no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein." Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism，and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案 理工类-A级 2003-2010 目录 1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2) 2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16) 3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35) 4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54) 5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68) 6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76) 7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89) 8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed
Passage 1 Have you ever seen a moon that looks unbelievably big? 1.To what do we compare the size of the harvest moon? (all of these) 2.The main purpose of the article is to inform. 3.The author knew most people find the moon mysterious. 4.The moon looks bigger if it is near the horizon 5.The autumn moon helps farmers see as they harvest their crops. Passage 2 Strange thing happens to time when you travel. 1.The best title for this selection is How Time Changes Around the World. 2.The difference in time between zones is one hour. 3.From this selection it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean is divided into five time zones. 4.The international date line is the name for the point where a new day begins. 5.If you cross the ocean going east, you set you clock ahead one hour in each new time zone. Passage 3 Holidays in the United States usually occur at least once a month. 1.The government of the United States makes it a rule for workers to have a 3-day weekend almost once a month. 2.Workers in the United States sometimes work from Tuesday to Sunday. 3.Which statement is NOT true according to this passage? All the workers have a half-month vacation. 4.The reason why someone has to divide his vacation into several parts is that no one can be found to take his place . 5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage? Something about the holidays and Vacation in the U.S. Passage 4 Sarah Winchester was a very rich woman. 1.What did Sarah keep doing to her house? Making it bigger. 2.The story says that Sarah?s house had floors. 3.Who did the work on Sarah?s house? Carpenters and plumbers and other workers. 4.How long did the work on the house continue? For 38 years. 5.Sarah?s house was finally finished when she died. Passage 5 The diner is only a humble restaurant, but it has a special place in American life. 1.What?s the main idea of paragraph 2? The attraction of different people. 2.The purpose of the last paragraph is to give a summary of the whole passage. 3.Why do truck drivers like a diner?It’s a haven against loneliness. 4.Diners attract many different kinds of people. 5.Diners are fascinating. Passage 6 In the past two years, millions of Americans have suddenly embraced the bicycles as 1.The word “embrace” in the first sentence is closest in meaning to make use of. 2.It can be concluded that if people continue to concern themselves with air pollution and physical fitness, bicycle sales will continue to rise. 3.The bicycle is enjoying a strong revival. 4.The reader can also conclude that Americans are concerned with the quality of their lives . 5.In the sentence “…and this isn?t America?s first bicycle boom.” The word “boom” means a rapid increase in sale.