Begoniaceae(Flora of China)秋海棠科

BEGONIACEAE

秋海棠科 qiu hai tang ke

Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih)1, Ching-I Peng (彭镜毅)2, Nicholas J. Turland3 Perennial succulent herbs, very rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal, petiolate, stipules usually deciduous; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or)2–4 to several, rarely numerous in dichotomous cyme, sometimes in panicles, with pedicel and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral. Pistillate flower: tepals 2–5(–10), usually free, rarely connate at base; ovary nodding, pendulous, or ascending, 1–3-, rarely 4–8-loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform and setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, minute, oblong, testa pale brown, reticulate.

Two or three genera and more than 1400 species: widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; one genus and 173 species (141 endemic) in China.

Ku Tsuechih. 1999. Begoniaceae. In: Ku Tsuechih, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(1): 126–269.

1. BEGONIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1056. 1753.

秋海棠属 qiu hai tang shu

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occa-sionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or)2–4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2–5(–10); pistil composed of 2–5(–7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1–3(–7)-loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.

More than 1400 species: widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with ca. 150 species in Africa, more than 600 species in Central and South America, and more than 600 species in Asia; 173 species (141 endemic) in China.

Begonia species in China are mostly distributed S of the Chang Jiang, particularly concentrated in SE Y unnan and SW Guangxi, with only a few extending into N China.

The authors learned of two additional, recently described species as this volume was going to press. Begonia guaniana H. Ma & H. Z. Li (Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 466. 2006) was described from NE Y unnan (Yanjin), where it grows on moist cliffs under bamboo forest at ca. 500 m. Its chromosome number is 2n = 24*. It resembles B. labordei, especially in its tuberous, stemless habit. Begonia coelocentroides Y. M. Shui & Z. D. Wei (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 86. 2007) was described from W Y unnan (Yingjiang), where it grows on cliffs often in forests or near streams at ca. 1300 m, flowering in August and fruiting in October. It resembles B. oreodoxa in having parietal placentae at the upper part of the ovary, differing mainly in the female flowers with 5 tepals and the largest wing of the capsule being 20–22 mm and ligulate.

The records of Begonia balansana Gagnepain from Guangxi and Y unnan in FRPS (52(1): 212. 1999) are possibly errors and require confirma-tion. The second author has seen no specimens from China that would substantiate these records. This species is believed to be endemic to N Vietnam. See also Tebbitt (Edinburgh J. Bot. 60: 1–9. 2003).

It can be difficult to key out the sections of Begonia, because sectional distinctions rely heavily on the placentation structure, which is either unavailable on specimens or difficult to analyse (many Begonia specimens are poorly prepared). Information on sections to which Begonia species belong may be desirable to specialists, although it should be noted that there are disagreements about the placement of some species. Please refer to Y. M. Shui, C.-I Peng & C. Y. Wu, Synopsis of the Chinese species of Begonia (Begoniaceae), with a reappraisal of the sectional delimitation (Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 43: 313–327. 2002).

1 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China.

2 Herbarium (HAST), Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, 115.

3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Missouri 63166–0299, U.S.A.

Extensive contributions were received from Wai-Chao Leong (梁慧舟) and Shin-Ming Ku (古訓銘), Herbarium (HAST), Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, 115.

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In China, all species are perennial herbs (rarely subshrubs). All species with basal tubers are described as deciduous, although living material is not available for all tuberous species. The aerial parts of the plants wilt in winter or in the dry season. Most species are monoecious with cymose, dichasial inflorescences. The inflorescences are usually protandrous (staminate flowers open before pistillate flowers) and gynaeandrous (staminate flowers basal and pistillate flowers distal).

Keys to species

1a. Leaf peltate .................................................................................................................................................................................. Key 1 1b. Leaf not peltate.

2a. Plant deciduous, tuberous (if rhizomatous, rhizomes moniliform).

3a. Leaf mainly on elongate aerial stem or creeping moniliform rhizome ............................................................................... Key 2 3b. Leaf solitary, binary or several and fasciculate on tuber or on a very short stem, occasionally with 1(or 2) distinct cauline leaves ........................................................................................................................................................................ Key 3 2b. Plant evergreen, not tuberous.

4a. Fruit fleshy, berrylike, indehiscent, wingless, sometimes horned or ridged ....................................................................... Key 4 4b. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, 3-winged.

5a. Leaf compound or deeply lobed ........................................................................................................................................ Key 5 5b. Leaf unlobed to shallowly lobed (divided to no more than 1/3 of leaf length).

6a. Leaf blade at least 2 × as long as wide .......................................................................................................................... Key 6 6b. Leaf blade less than 2 × as long as wide.

7a. Leaves mainly on aerial stem at anthesis (on rhizomes when sterile) ....................................................................... Key 7 7b. Leaves on well-developed rhizome or prostrate stem, cauline leaves lacking or 1 or 2(or 3).

8a. Female tepals 3, rarely 2 or 4; middle cross-section of ovary with parietal or septal placentation ....................... Key 8 8b. Female tepals 5, rarely 6 or more; middle cross-section of ovary with axile placentation

(placentae parietal in B. pseudodryadis) ................................................................................................................. Key 9 Key 1

1a. Stem aerial, elongate, erect or ascending to pendulous, somewhat woody in appearance; leaves all cauline;

blade lanceolate ................................................................................................................................................ 147. B. sinofloribunda 1b. Stem rhizomatous or tuberous; leaves on rhizome or fasciculate, occasionally 1 and cauline; blade

narrowly ovate to broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, or orbicular.

2a. Leaf distinctly denticulate or serrulate.

3a. Plant deciduous, tuberous; leaf solitary, shallowly lobed; inflorescence racemose at base, cymose

above; placentae axile ............................................................................................................................................. 75. B. josephii 3b. Plant evergreen, rhizomatous; leaves several, not divided; inflorescence dichotomous, cymose;

placentae parietal.

4a. Leaf blade densely hairy.

5a. Leaf blade occasionally not peltate, without angular lobes; staminate tepals 4 ......................................... 161. B. variifolia 5b. Leaf blade consistently peltate, with 2- or 3-angular lobes; staminate tepals 2 or 4 ............................. 7. B. asteropyrifolia 4b. Leaf blade sparsely to moderately hairy.

6a. Leaf venation spider-web like, tertiary veins percurrent, protruding on abaxial surface .................. 160. B. umbraculifolia 6b. Leaf venation not as above, smaller veins randomly reticulate, fine, not protruding on abaxial

surface ................................................................................................................................................ 144. B. setulosopeltata 2b. Leaf blade entire or nearly so.

7a. Fruit descending or deflexed, indehiscent, berrylike, clavate, wingless ............................................................ 34. B. cylindrica 7b. Fruit nodding, dehiscent, capsular, 3-winged.

8a. Leaf blade broadly ovate to orbicular; abaxial wing of capsule triangular.

9a. Leaf blade glabrous, smooth, without white dots, thick, succulent; placentae axile ............................... 116. B. peltatifolia 9b. Leaf blade hispidulous, rugulose, with numerous white dots, papery; placentae parietal ................ 144. B. setulosopeltata 8b. Leaf blade narrowly ovate, ovate, or broadly elliptic; abaxial wing of capsules lunate.

10a. Leaf blade abaxially red; tepals apically acute, both male and female tepals 2 ........................................... 164. B. wangii 10b. Leaf blade abaxially pale green; tepals apically obtuse, male tepals 4, female tepals 3.

11a. Leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic; stipules reniform, apex emarginate or obtuse; petiole not

swollen at base ........................................................................................................................................ 18. B. cavaleriei 11b. Leaf blade narrowly ovate; stipules triangular, apex acuminate or cuspidate; petiole swollen

at base .................................................................................................................................................. 127. B. pulvinifera Key 2

1a. Plant rhizomatous; capsules nodding; ovary 2-loculed.

2a. Leaf blade glabrous or subglabrous; female tepals 3(or 4), glabrous ...................................................... 11. B. austrotaiwanensis 2b. Leaf blade pubescent; female tepals 5, pubescent ..................................................................................................... 55. B. forrestii

BEGONIACEAE 155 1b. Plant tuberous; capsules pendulous; ovary 3-loculed.

3a. Plant with many elongated stolons terminated by tubers ......................................................................................... 129. B. ravenii 3b. Plant without stolons; bulbils on aerial stem present or not.

4a. Herb usually 20–60 cm tall.

5a. Leaf blade narrowly triangular; bulbils absent; inflorescence protogynous; male flowers only on

upper part of terminal inflorescence ......................................................................................................... 101. B. modestiflora 5b. Leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate; bulbils at leaf axils on aerial stem in late growing season;

inflorescence protandrous; flowers of both sexes mixed in inflorescence ......................................................... 58. B. grandis 4b. Herb to 20 cm tall.

6a. Leaves 1 or 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 57. B. glechomifolia 6b. Leaves many.

7a. Leaf blade 7–8 × ca. 6 cm; flowers larger, tepals ca. 8 mm ..................................................................... 19. B. cehengensis 7b. Leaf blade 1–2.9 × 0.9–3.2 cm; flowers smaller, tepals to 4 mm ........................................................................ 115. B. peii Key 3

1a. Leaf blade divided to more than 1/2 of leaf length.

2a. Leaf blade distinctly hairy.

3a. Leaf lobes with lobules ........................................................................................................................................ 156. B. taliensis 3b. Leaf lobes without lobules ....................................................................................................................................... 73. B. imitans 2b. Leaf blade glabrous or nearly so.

4a. Petiole with red, linear dots; leaf lobes with lobules ................................................................................. 140. B. rubropunctata 4b. Petiole without red, linear dots; leaf lobules absent.

5a. Plant epiphytic; placentae bifid ............................................................................................................................ 5. B. arboreta 5b. Plant epipetric; placentae undivided ................................................................................................................ 84. B. lithophila 1b. Leaf blade unlobed to shallowly lobed, never divided to 1/2 of leaf length.

6a. Leaf blade glabrous.

7a. Capsules wingless, fusiform; placentae undivided .............................................................................................. 166. B. wilsonii 7b. Capsules 3-winged; placentae bifid.

8a. Both male and female tepals 2.

9a. Leaf blade herbaceous, shallowly lobed, lobes narrowly triangular ........................................................ 170. B. xishuiensis 9b. Leaf blade thick, unlobed ..................................................................................................................... 153. B. summoglabra 8b. Male tepals 4.

10a. Female tepals 3 or 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 76. B. labordei 10b. Female tepals 2 ................................................................................................................................. 136. B. rongjiangensis 6b. Leaf blade pubescent.

11a. Leaf blade shallowly lobed (to 1/3 of leaf length).

12a. Leaves several ........................................................................................................................................... 60. B. guishanensis 12b. Leaves 1 or 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 104. B. muliensis 11b. Leaf blade unlobed or very shallowly lobed.

13a. Female tepals 4; capsule irregularly dehiscent, wings subequal ...................................................................... 42. B. discreta 13b. Female tepals 2, 3, or 5; capsule dehiscent along sutures, wings distinctly unequal (sometimes

subequal).

14a. Female flower with 2 bracteoles ......................................................................................................................... 172. B. yui 14b. Female flower without bracteoles.

15a. Bracts serrate at apex .................................................................................................................. 38. B. dentatobracteata 15b. Bracts entire to denticulate or fimbriate.

16a. Female tepals 2.

17a. Placentae bifid .............................................................................................................................. 169. B. xingyiensis

17b. Placentae undivided ............................................................................................................................... 68. B. henryi 16b. Female tepals 3–5.

18a. Female tepals 3 (sometimes 4 in B. labordei).

19a. Inflorescence a single axis, racemose at base ................................................................................. 76. B. labordei

19b. Inflorescence dichasial or simple with 2 or 3 flowers.

20a. Outer tepals and ovary pubescent ................................................................................................... 21. B. chingii

20b. Outer tepals and ovary glabrous ........................................................................................... 51. B. fimbristipula 18b. Female tepals 5.

21a. Leaf blade 2–3.4(–4) cm; placentae undivided ............................................................................. 112. B. parvula

21b. Leaf blade larger; placentae bifid.

22a. Staminate tepals apically acute .................................................................................................. 2. B. acutitepala

BEGONIACEAE

156

22b. Staminate tepals apically rounded or obtuse.

23a. Leaf blade 5–8(–15) cm; ovary hairy ........................................................................................... 117. B. picta

23b. Leaf blade 15–20(–30) cm; ovary glabrous ........................................................................... 6. B. asperifolia Key 4

1a. Plant erect, without creeping rhizome; internodes long.

2a. Stem scarcely branched; leaf blade less than 2 × as long as wide .................................................................... 79. B. lancangensis 2b. Stem well branched; leaf blade at least 2 × as long as wide.

3a. Plant dioecious; flowers fragrant; styles 4; ovary 4-loculed; female tepals 4 ..................................................... 1. B. acetosella 3b. Plant monoecious; flowers not fragrant; styles 3; ovary 3-loculed; female tepals 6 .......................................... 89. B. longifolia 1b. Plant rhizomatous, without erect stem; internodes congested.

4a. Flowers not scented; female tepals 3; fruit ellipsoid to cylindric, more than 2 × as long as wide.

5a. Leaf blade villous on abaxial surface and on petiole (sometimes nearly glabrous) ............................................... 81. B. leprosa 5b. Leaf blade densely puberulous on abaxial surface and on petiole .................................................................... 88. B. longicarpa 4b. Flowers scented; female tepals 4 or 5; fruit nearly as long as wide.

6a. Plant monoecious; female tepals 5; styles 3; ovary 3-loculed; fruit 3-horned ............................................... 20. B. ceratocarpa 6b. Plant dioecious; female tepals 4; styles 4; ovary 4-loculed (to many loculed); fruit subglobose or

4-horned (to many horned).

7a. Rhizomes elongate-ascending, rarely rooting at nodes; leaf blade narrowly triangular to ovate,

15–28 × 9–10 cm, tepals glabrous (pubescent in B. handelii var. rubropilosa) ................................................ 64. B. handelii 7b. Rhizomes repent, rooting at nodes; leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, (11–)13–53 × 11–40 cm;

outer tepals abaxially puberulous ................................................................................................................... 146. B. silletensis Key 5

1a. Leaf compound or cleft to base.

2a. Leaves palmately 3-cleft to base, lobules pinnately parted, petiolule absent ..................................................... 28. B. coptidifolia 2b. Leaves palmately compound, leaflet 5–9 with distinct petiolule.

3a. Plant rhizomatous, rhizomes elongate, aerial stems lacking; leaves subleathery, all basal; female tepals 3;

placentae parietal ....................................................................................................................................................... 47. B. fangii 3b. Plant erect, rhizomes very short, aerial stems always present; leaves papery, all cauline; female tepals 5;

placentae axile ................................................................................................................................................... 67. B. hemsleyana 1b. Leaf simple, distinctly lobed.

4a. Leaf blade distinctly hairy.

5a. Aerial stems present and with leaves.

6a. Petioles with reflexed scalelike hairs .................................................................................................. 130. B. reflexisquamosa 6b. Petioles not as above.

7a. Stipules reniform, expanded ..................................................................................................................... 99. B. mengtzeana 7b. Stipules triangular, not expanded ................................................................................................................... 12. B. baviensis 5b. Aerial stems seen only at anthesis; cauline leaf usually absent, occasionally 1.

8a. Leaf blade and ovary pubescent.

9a. Petioles with reflexed scalelike hairs ............................................................................................................ 100. B. miranda 9b. Petioles not as above ............................................................................................................................... 113. B. paucilobata 8b. Leaf blade sparsely pubescent; ovary glabrous.

10a. Leaf lobes rhombic ....................................................................................................................................... 77. B. lacerata 10b. Leaf lobes triangular.

11a. Outer tepals of male flowers 1.7–2 cm ........................................................................................................ 40. B. digyna 11b. Outer tepals of male flowers 2–2.7 cm ................................................................................................. 83. B. lipingensis 4b. Leaf blade glabrous to sparsely hairy.

12a. Leaf blade divided to ca. 1/2 of leaf length.

13a. Leaf lobes with lobules .......................................................................................................................................... 3. B. algaia 13b. Leaf lobes not as above.

14a. Leaf blade 3- or 4-lobed ....................................................................................................................... 32. B. cucurbitifolia 14b. Leaf blade 5-lobed ................................................................................................................................ 113. B. paucilobata 12b. Leaf blade divided to 2/3 or more of leaf length.

15a. Aerial stem well developed; cauline leaf always present.

16a. Leaf blade without lobules, subglabrous ............................................................................................... 145. B. sikkimensis 16b. Leaf blade with triangular lobules, glabrous.

17a. Stem and petioles without red linear dots; abaxial wing of capsule ca. 1.5 cm .................................. 94. B. macrotoma 17b. Stem and petioles with red linear dots; abaxial wing of capsule 3–5 cm ............................................. 87. B. longialata

BEGONIACEAE 157 15b. Aerial stem seen only at anthesis; cauline leaf absent or occasionally 1.

18a. Leaf blade with distinct, triangular lobules ............................................................................................. 114. B. pedatifida 18b. Leaf blade without lobules.

19a. Leaf blade deeply divided to near base, lobes very narrow, less than 1 cm wide ................................. 141. B. scitifolia 19b. Leaf blade not as above.

20a. Abaxial wing of capsule triangular to ligulate; leaf blade dull, herbaceous ................................. 25. B. circumlobata 20b. Abaxial wing of capsule broadly elliptic to orbicular; leaf blade shiny, somewhat thicker ............ 78. B. laminariae Key 6

1a. Leaf blade symmetric, venation pinnate .......................................................................................................... 171. B. yingjiangensis 1b. Leaf blade somewhat asymmetric, venation palmate-pinnate.

2a. Plant trailing with slender stems; capsules equally 3-winged, female inflorescences axillary, peduncle reduced, less than 1 cm, 1- or 2-flowered; male inflorescence terminal, producing many flowers .................. 63. B. hainanensis 2b. Plant not trailing; capsules unequally 3-winged; peduncle elongate; flowers of both sexes mixed in same inflorescence.

3a. Aerial stem branched twice or more.

4a. Leaf blade irregularly serrulate; styles 3; ovary glabrous, 3-loculed .......................................................... 155. B. taiwaniana 4b. Leaf blade remotely serrulate.

5a. Tepals glabrous; styles 2; ovary glabrous, 2-loculed ...................................................................................... 65. B. hatacoa 5b. Tepals hairy; styles 3; ovary hairy, 3-loculed ..................................................................................... 29. B. coptidimontana 3b. Aerial stem unbranched or scarcely branched.

6a. Rhizomatous leaves always present.

7a. Leaf blade remarkably asymmetric ........................................................................................................ 154. B. ×taipeiensis 7b. Leaf blade slightly asymmetric.

8a. Leaves 6–6.5 × 1.9–3 cm, only on rhizome; filaments free; styles entirely fused .................................... 159. B. tsoongii 8b. Leaves 7–13.6 × 2.3–4.5 cm, on rhizome and aerial stem; filaments entirely fused; styles free ..... 69. B. hongkongensis 6b. Rhizomatous leaf absent at anthesis.

9a. Leaf blade very shallowly lobed, bidentate .......................................................................................... 62. B. gungshanensis 9b. Leaf unlobed or nearly so, irregularly serrulate or denticulate.

10a. Leaf blade distinctly hairy ................................................................................................................. 16. B. ×buimontana 10b. Leaf blade glabrous to sparsely hairy.

11a. Leaves abaxially sanguineous; anthers 1.9–2.2 mm .............................................................................. 91. B. lukuana 11b. Leaves green; anthers 2.4–3.2 mm.

12a. Styles 3; ovary 3-loculed; anthers 2.9–3.2 mm .................................................................... 24. B. chuyunshanensis

12b. Styles 2; ovary 2-loculed; anthers 2.4–2.9 mm ............................................................................... 167. B. wutaiana

Key 7

1a. Leaf blade shallowly lobed (divided to ca. 1/3 of leaf length); lobes nearly as long as wide or distinctly longer than wide.

2a. Leaf blade with hairs longer than 2 mm.

3a. Rhizomes short, stout; abaxial wing of mature capsules broadly elliptic to orbicular, 2–3 cm ......................... 163. B. villifolia 3b. Rhizomes well developed; abaxial wing of mature capsules triangular to ligulate, to 1.8 cm.

4a. Leaves purple, with purplish, somewhat soft hairs ................................................................................. 128. B. purpureofolia 4b. Leaves green, with red stiff hairs ...................................................................................................................... 12. B. baviensis 2b. Leaf blade with hairs to 1 mm at most.

5a. Leaf blade abaxially hirsute; styles 3; ovary 3-loculed ................................................................................... 95. B. malipoensis 5b. Leaf blade not hirsute; styles 2; ovary 2-loculed.

6a. Leaves villous or tomentose on petiole and abaxial surface; ovary hairy.

7a. Leaves villous on petiole and abaxial surface ............................................................................................ 149. B. smithiana 7b. Leaves appressed tomentose on petiole and abaxial surface.

8a. Tepals yellowish ......................................................................................................................................... 52. B. flaviflora 8b. Tepals white to pink ................................................................................................................................... 111. B. palmata 6b. Leaves neither villous nor tomentose; ovary glabrous.

9a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, not puberulous .................................................................. 54. B. formosana 9b. Leaf blade puberulous.

10a. Leaves rugulose, lobes truncate ........................................................................................................ 158. B. truncatiloba 10b. Leaves not rugulose, lobes triangular ........................................................................................................... 45. B. edulis 1b. Leaf blade unlobed or very shallowly divided; lobes usually wider than long.

11a. Leaf blade symmetric or nearly so; tepals pink to brownish red ..................................................................... 126. B. psilophylla

BEGONIACEAE

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11b. Leaf blade distinctly asymmetric; tepals white to pink.

12a. Leaf blade thin, membranous when dried; styles 3; ovary 3-loculed.

13a. Inflorescences both terminal and axillary ............................................................................................... 72. B. hymenocarpa 13b. I nflorescences axillary.

14a. Plant with a short, stout rhizome at base; leaf blade 7–12 × 4.5–9 cm.

15a. Plant ca. 60 cm tall; leaf blade oblong-ovate or oblong, 9–10 × 4.5–9 cm ......................................... 27. B. clavicaulis 15b. Plant 26–35(–39) cm tall; leaf blade triangular-ovate, 7–12 × 4.5–7 cm ..................................... 165. B. wenshanensis 14b. Plant not rhizomatous, prostrate or trailing at base; leaf blade 4–9 × 3–5 cm.

16a. Leaf blade unlobed, margin sharply denticulate; tepals hairy ............................................................... 102. B. morifolia 16b. Leaf blade very shallowly lobed, margin irregularly denticulate; tepals glabrous ................................... 4. B. alveolata 12b. Leaf blade not membranous; styles 2 or 3; ovary 2- or 3-loculed.

17a. Female flower axillary, solitary; terminal inflorescence staminate; plant with prostrate or decumbent stem, with distinct internodes .................................................................................................................. 151. B. sublongipes 17b. Flowers of both sexes mixed in the inflorescence; plant rhizomatous, with indistinct internodes

and/or erect with distinct internodes.

18a. Rhizome absent ........................................................................................................................................ 41. B. discrepans 18b. Rhizome present.

19a. Plant to 13 cm tall; rhizome slender .............................................................................................................. 53. B. fordii 19b. Plant much taller; rhizome stout.

20a. Leaf blade adaxially densely hairy.

21a. Rhizome short, stout; leaves only on aerial stem; leaf blade puberulous ....................................... 17. B. cathayana

21b. Rhizome elongate; leaves on rhizome and aerial stem; leaf blade not puberulous.

22a. Staminate flowers usually prematurely dropping in bud; pollen abortive ............................... 105. B. nantoensis

22b. Staminate flowers opening normally; pollen fertile.

23a. Leaf blade 6–7 × 4–5 cm; stipules and bracts ciliate ............................................................. 121. B. polytricha

23b. Leaf blade 7–16(–25) × 5–9(–14) cm; stipules and bracts entire ....................................... 119. B. pinglinensis 20b. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous to sparsely hairy.

24a. Leaf abaxial surface and petiole densely puberulous; tepals abaxially puberulous ............................ 43. B. dryadis

24b. Leaf and tepals not puberulous.

25a. Leaf blade basally cuneate to rounded, abaxially tomentose ..................................................... 66. B. hekouensis

25b. Leaf blade basally cordate, not tomentose.

26a. Female flowers with 2 bracteoles; bracts serrate; abaxial wing of capsule to 5 mm ........... 157. B. tengchiana

26b. Female flowers without bracteoles; bracts entire; abaxial wing of capsule much longer.

27a. Rhizome elongate; leaves usually present on rhizomes at anthesis.

28a. Abaxial wing of capsule triangular, 7–16 mm ................................................................. 54. B. formosana

28b. Abaxial wing of capsule orbicular, 18–26 mm.

29a. Aerial stem 0–8(–15) cm; leaf subleathery ..................................................................... 14. B. bouffordii

29b. Aerial stem 40–95 cm; leaf herbaceous .......................................................................... 23. B. chitoensis 27b. Rhizome short, stout; leaves not seen on rhizomes at anthesis.

30a. Leaves abaxially sanguineous; anthers 1.9–2.2 mm; styles 3; ovary 3-loculed ................... 91. B. lukuana

30b. Leaves green; anthers 2.4–3.2 mm; styles 2 or 3; ovary 2- or 3-loculed.

31a. Styles 3; ovary 3-loculed; anthers 2.9–3.2 mm ................................................... 24. B. chuyunshanensis

31b. Styles 2; ovary 2-loculed; anthers 2.4–2.9 mm .............................................................. 167. B. wutaiana Key 8

1a. Styles 2; ovary 2-loculed .......................................................................................................................................... 109. B. oreodoxa 1b. Styles 3; ovary 3-loculed.

2a. Middle cross-section of ovary with septal placentation or connecting tissue at center.

3a. Staminate and pistillate tepals 2; leaf adaxially sparsely appressed rusty fibrillose ......................................... 74. B. jingxiensis 3b. Staminate tepals 4, pistillate tepals 3.

4a. Leaf adaxially glabrous ............................................................................................................................... 173. B. zhengyiana 4b. Leaf adaxially hairy.

5a. Leaf adaxially long hirsute, tertiary veins obscure ..................................................................................... 152. B. suboblata 5b. Leaf adaxially sparsely pilose-setose, tertiary veins conspicuous, percurrent .................................... 142. B. semiparietalis 2b. Middle cross-section of ovary with parietal placentation.

6a. Leaf without a distinct apex, adaxially glabrous ............................................................................................ 173. B. zhengyiana 6b. Leaf blade with a distinct apex, adaxially ± pubescent.

7a. Inflorescence a thyrsoid cyme; leaves 23–50 × 16–40 cm ................................................................................. 85. B. liuyanii 7b. Inflorescence a dichasial cyme; leaves smaller.

BEGONIACEAE 159 8a. Leaf surface strongly bullate or pustulate

9a. Leaf blade with dark brown to black broad palmate bands, apex shortly acuminate ............................. 97. B. masoniana 9b. Leaf blade without dark palmate bands, apex rounded ................................................................... 50. B. fimbribracteata 8b. Leaf surface flat or rugose.

10a. Leaf blade sparsely hairy or subglabrous.

11a. Leaf blade ovate to broadly lanceolate ........................................................................................ 110. B. ornithophylla 11b. Leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular.

12a. Leaf blade often very shallowly angularly lobed, often with pale green to white spots at

junction between veins and brownish spots in intercostal areas; tertiary veins randomly

reticulate, divergence angle 40°–60° ............................................................................................. 93. B. luzhaiensis 12b. Leaf blade unlobed, spot not as above; tertiary veins ± percurrent, divergence angle 60°–120°.

13a. Tertiary veins oppositely percurrent, divergence angle 90°–120°.

14a. Leaf blade 3.5–15 × 3–13 cm, adaxially with whitish spots along major veins .............. 142. B. semiparietalis 14b. Leaf blade 12–32 × 11–27 cm, adaxially not as above.

15a. Leaf blade apically acute to shortly acuminate, adaxially with a broad whitish ring ........ 80. B. lanternaria 15b. Leaf blade apically obtuse to rounded, adaxially without spot or with white spot

between major veins .............................................................................................................. 31. B. crystallina 13b. Tertiary veins obliquely alternately percurrent, divergence angle 60°–80°.

16a. Leaf petiole appressed-pilose, blade subleathery; ovary obovoid .................................. 125. B. pseudoleprosa 16b. Leaf petiole pilose or hirsute-villous, blade herbaceous; ovary ovoid to ellipsoid.

17a. Leaf blade 5–9 × 6–8 cm, apex obtuse to rounded ................................................ 10. B. austroguangxiensis 17b. Leaf blade larger, longer than 10 cm, apex acuminate or shortly so.

18a. Leaf blade green throughout; stipules apically obtuse to emarginate ................. 123. B. pseudodaxinensis

18b. Leaf blade adaxially with a broad whitish ring; stipules apically acute ............................ 36. B. daxinensis 10b. Leaf blade densely to moderately hairy.

19a. Rhizomes slender, long creeping or vinelike, internodes elongate, usually longer than 1 cm.

20a. Capsule distinctly curved ............................................................................................................... 33. B. curvicarpa 20b. Capsule not distinctly curved.

21a. Stipules basally obliquely auriculate .......................................................................................... 9. B. auritistipula 21b. Stipules basally not auriculate.

22a. Ovary and capsule beaked at summit ............................................................................... 134. B. rhynchocarpa 22b. Ovary and capsule not beaked at summit.

23a. Leaf blade moderately setulose ............................................................................................ 37. B. debaoensis 23b. Leaf blade densely pilose .......................................................................................................... 122. B. porteri 19b. Rhizomes stout, internodes usually shorter than 1 cm.

24a. Leaf tertiary veins randomly reticulate, never percurrent, thin, divergence angle 40°–60°.

25a. Leaf blade shallowly angularly lobed, adaxially sparsely tomentose ........................................ 93. B. luzhaiensis 25b. Leaf blade unlobed, adaxially tomentose.

26a. Leaf blade ovate, 10–25 × 5–18 cm, adaxially with a broad white band on midvein ....... 92. B. luochengensis 26b. Leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 3–9 × 2–8 cm, adaxially without a broad

white band ..................................................................................................................................... 122. B. porteri 24b. Leaf tertiary veins ± percurrent, abaxially prominent, divergence angle 60°–100°.

27a. Leaf blade adaxially villous-hirsute, hairs reddish, 3–5 mm; capsule 1.5–2.1 cm ................. 59. B. guangxiensis 27b. Leaf blade with other trichome types, hairs shorter than 2.5 mm; capsule to 1.2 cm.

28a. Androecium actinomorphic.

29a. Peduncle glandular hispid; flowers usually greenish or yellowish green .............................. 49. B. filiformis 29b. Peduncle glabrous or pilose.

30a. Leaf blade slightly rugose or nearly flat, sparsely setulose; flowers reddish to white ........... 13. B. biflora

30b. Leaf blade distinctly rugose, densely pilose; flowers greenish yellow with reddish

base ...................................................................................................................................... 90. B. longistyla 28b. Androecium zygomorphic.

31a. Peduncle densely hirsute-villous.

32a. Leaf blade surface flat or slightly rugose, lacking spots, hairs sparser .................................. 26. B. cirrosa

32b. Leaf blade surface rugose, with a broad white or pale ring, hairs denser ......................... 118. B. picturata 31b. Peduncle pilose or glabrous.

33a. Ovary glandular pilose, abaxial wing obliquely triangular ........................................... 107. B. obliquifolia

33b. Ovary not glandular pilose, abaxial wing usually lunate or oblong (sometimes

obliquely triangular in B. retinervia).

34a. Leaf blade slightly rugose or nearly flat.

BEGONIACEAE

160

35a. Fruit or ovary sparsely hairy, wings unequal .................................................................. 71. B. huangii

35b. Fruit or ovary glabrous, wings equal or subequal .................................................... 120. B. platycarpa

34b. Leaf blade distinctly rugose.

36a. Leaf blade with a white ring ............................................................................................ 103. B. morsei

36b. Leaf blade often with a white band along major veins.

37a. Capsule crisped-villous, broadly ovoid, apex with short beak ............................... 132. B. retinervia

37b. Capsule glabrous or near so, ellipsoid, apex without short beak ................... 106. B. ningmingensis Key 9

1a. Leaf blade glabrous on both sides.

2a. Leaf blade shallowly lobed (divided to ca. 1/3 of leaf length) ................................................................................ 39. B. dielsiana 2b. Leaf blade unlobed or very shallowly lobed.

3a. Leaf blade symmetric or nearly so, cauline leaves several ............................................................................. 126. B. psilophylla 3b. Leaf blade distinctly asymmetric, cauline leaves 0 or 1(or 2).

4a. Rhizomes 2–3 cm in diam.; leaf blade 23–26 × 32–34 cm .................................................................. 98. B. megalophyllaria 4b. Rhizomes to 1(–2) cm in diam.; leaf blade to 16 cm.

5a. Leaf blade basally rounded .................................................................................................................................. 70. B. howii 5b. Leaf blade basally cordate.

6a. Styles 3; ovary 3-loculed; placentation axile or parietal.

7a. Leaf blade green, broadly ovate to orbicular; wings of capsule oblate to transversely oblong;

ovary 3-loculed; placentae axile .................................................................................................................. 48. B. fenicis 7b. Leaf blade purplish with pale green spots adaxially, narrowly ovate to ovate; abaxial wing of

capsule broadly elliptic to ligulate; ovary 1-loculed; placentae parietal ..................................... 124. B. pseudodryadis 6b. Styles 2; ovary 2-loculed; placentation axile.

8a. Petiole and leaf blade reddish when young, green when mature; bract to 5 cm .................................. 150. B. subhowii 8b. Petiole red, leaf blade adaxially green, abaxially reddish purple on veins; bract much smaller.

9a. Leaf blade 9–16(–18) × 5–6(–10) cm; abaxial wing of capsule broadly elliptic to orbicular ........... 14. B. bouffordii

9b. Leaf blade 3–9 × 2–6 cm; abaxial wing of capsule ligulate ................................................................ 138. B. rubinea 1b. Leaf blade pubescent.

10a. Leaf blade broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate ............................................................................................. 22. B. chishuiensis 10b. Leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, orbicular or nearly so.

11a. Leaf blade shallowly lobed (divided to ca. 1/3 of leaf length).

12a. Rhizome with elongate internodes ......................................................................................................... 131. B. repenticaulis 12b. Rhizome with congested internodes.

13a. Leaf blade adaxially subglabrous or sparsely hispidulous; petiole not sulcate ......................................... 46. B. emeiensis 13b. Leaf blade adaxially sparsely pubescent when young; petiole sulcate ................................................. 96. B. manhaoensis 11b. Leaf blade unlobed or very shallowly lobed.

14a. Leaf blade adaxially long setose.

15a. Ovary glabrous, 2-loculed; leaf blade variegated, setae pale color .................................................................... 133. B. rex 15b. Ovary hairy, 2- or 3-loculed; leaf blade not variegated; setae red.

16a. Plant prostrate with slender stems, internodes of stem elongate ............................................................ 139. B. ruboides 16b. Plant rhizomatous, internodes congested.

17a. Ovary 3-loculed; styles 3; leaf blade unlobed ...................................................................................... 143. B. setifolia 17b. Ovary 2-loculed; styles 2; leaf blade very shallowly lobed ............................................................... 82. B. limprichtii 14b. Leaf blade not long setose.

18a. Ovary and tepals glabrous.

19a. Styles 3; ovary 3-loculed.

20a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous or pilose, abaxially hispidulous, apex acute ................................ 137. B. rotundilimba 20b. Leaf blade adaxially hirsute, abaxially densely hirsute, apex acuminate ................................ 148. B. sinovietnamica 19b. Styles 2; ovary 2-loculed.

21a. Leaf blade not spotted, green on both surfaces; flower buds subglobose.

22a. Leaf blade adaxially sparsely pubescent when young; tepals white .......................................... 96. B. manhaoensis

22b. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous; tepals orange-red ................................................................................. 30. B. crocea 21b. Leaf blade adaxially spotted, abaxially reddish; flower buds ovoid.

23a. Leaf blade with a horseshoe-shaped band; tepals pinkish or pink ........................................................... 133. B. rex

23b. Leaf blade with pale green spots on intercostal areas; tepals yellow .............................................. 168. B. xanthina 18b. Ovary and outer tepals abaxially hairy.

24a. Leaf blade with a white band in intercostal areas and/or rusty-red on veins, adaxially densely

hairy; capsule unequally 3-winged; styles 3; ovary 2-loculed ............................................................ 162. B. versicolor

BEGONIACEAE 161 24b. Not as above.

25a. Leaf blade rugose, with or without pale green spots, adaxially sparsely hairy; capsule

subequally 3-winged; styles 3; ovary 3-loculed .......................................................................... 61. B. gulinqingensis 25b. Leaf blade not as above.

26a. Styles 3; ovary 3-loculed.

27a. Tepals and ovary shortly pilose; leaf blade 5.5–11 × 4.8–8.5 cm ..................................... 148. B. sinovietnamica 27b. Tepals and ovary villous; leaf blade 1.8–8 × 1.5–6.2 cm ....................................................... 108. B. obsolescens 26b. Styles 2; ovary 2-loculed.

28a. Leaf puberulous on abaxial surface and on petiole.

29a. Rhizomes slender, to 1 cm in diam., internodes elongated, 1–2(–3) cm ........................ 35. B. daweishanensis 29b. Rhizomes 2–3 cm in diam., internodes congested ................................................................ 86. B. longanensis 28b. Leaf not puberulous.

30a. Leaf blade spotted.

31a. Leaf blade adaxially glaucous with metallic shine, unlobed ..................................................... 135. B. rockii 31b. Leaf blade adaxially pale greenish to whitish along main veins against reddish

background color, very shallowly lobed ................................................................................. 8. B. augustinei 30b. Leaf blade green or sometimes reddish, not spotted.

32a. Leaf blade with fine, long hairs to 6 mm ................................................................................ 44. B. duclouxii 32b. Leaf blade with short hairs to 1 mm.

33a. Leaf blade 3.5–5 cm ................................................................................................... 56. B. gagnepainiana

33b. Leaf blade usually larger.

34a. Leaves very shallowly lobed; cauline leaves 1 or 2 ...................................................... 149. B. smithiana

34b. Leaves unlobed; cauline leaves absent ...................................................................... 15. B. brevisetulosa

1. Begonia acetosella Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 153. 191

2.

无翅秋海棠 wu chi qiu hai tang

Herbs, dioecious, erect, to 2 m tall. Rhizomes short, stout. Stems branching twice or more. Leaves cauline; stipules decid-uous, lanceolate, 1–1.3 × ca. 3.5 mm; petiole 2.7(–10) cm, gla-brous or pubescent; blade oblong, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, asymmetric, 10–14(–27) × 3–4.5(–8) cm, glabrous, subglabrous, or pubescent, venation palmate-pinnate, 5- to 7-veined, base obliquely cordate,margin undivided,shallowly and remotely serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescences much reduced; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.2 cm; tepals 4, white or pink-ish, glabrous, outer 2 obovate to oblate, ca. 1.2 × 1 cm, inner 2 lanceolate to oblong, 13–15 × ca. 7 mm; stamens numerous; filaments free; anthers oblong. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 5–10 mm; ovary obovoid, glabrous, (3 or)4-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; tepals 4, white or pinkish, glabrous, outer 2 oblate-orbicular, ca. 1 × 1 cm, inner 2 oblong, ca. 10 × 7 mm; styles (3 or)4, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Fruit berrylike, pendulous, (3 or)4-horned. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May. 2n = 20, 22*.

Moist shaded environments in evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–1800 m. SE Xizang, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet-nam].

1a. Blade and petiole glabrous or nearly so

................................................................. 1a. var. acetosella 1b. Blade and petiole pubescent .................... 1b. var. hirtifolia 1a. Begonia acetosella var. acetosella

无翅秋海棠(原变种) wu chi qiu hai tang (yuan bian zhong) Begonia tetragona Irmscher.

Blade and petiole glabrous or nearly so.

Moist shaded environments in evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–1800 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog), S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thai-land, Vietnam].

1b. Begonia acetosella var. hirtifolia Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 515. 1939.

粗毛无翅秋海棠 cu mao wu chi qiu hai tang

Blade and petiole pubescent.

Forests; ca. 1500 m. Y unnan (Simao) [Myanmar].

2. Begonia acutitepala K. Y. Guan & D. K. Tian, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 22: 129. 2000.

尖被秋海棠 jian bei qiu hai tang

Herbs, 10–30 cm tall, tuberous. Leaves 1 or 2(or 3), basal; stipules not seen; petiole 20–30 cm; blade green on both sur-faces, broadly cordate, 14–20 × 10–15 cm, papery, base deeply cordate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence 10–30 cm, hirsute, villous, tomentose; flowers pink; bracts green, broadly ovate,1–1.2 cm,margin entire.Staminate flowers: pedi-cel 1.5–6 cm; tepals 4, apex acute, outer 2 ovate-lanceolate, inner 2 obovate or spatulate, ca. 1.2 × 0.6 cm, apex obtuse; sta-mens numerous; anthers obovoid-globose, apex concave. Pistil-late flowers: pedicel ca. 3 cm; tepals 5, unequal, ovate-lanceo-late to obovate, abaxially tomentose, apex acute or obtuse; ovary sparsely tomentose, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamel-late; styles 3; stigmas spiraled. Capsule ellipsoid, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing triangular, ca. 1 cm, apex truncate; lateral wings smaller, lunate. Fl. Sep–Nov.

● Woods; ca. 1600 m. Y unnan (Maguan).

This species is similar to Begonia labordei but differs by its acute tepals and non-racemose inflorescence.

3. Begonia algaia L. B. Smith & Wasshausen, Phytologia 52: 441. 1983.

美丽秋海棠 mei li qiu hai tang

BEGONIACEAE 162

Begonia calophylla Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Ham-burg 6: 351. 1927, not Gilg ex Engler (1921).

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes elongate, 5–8 mm in diam. Stems short. Leaves mostly basal; stipules caducous; petiole 13–26 cm, rusty villous; blade broadly ovate to oblong, slightly asymmetric, 10–20 × 9–19(–21) cm, sparsely pubescent, vena-tion palmate, 6(–8)-veined, base slightly obliquely cordate, margin remotely serrate, distinctly lobed, divided to ca. 1/2 of leaf length; lobes caudate-acuminate at apex; lobules present. Inflorescences 17–27 cm tall, sparsely rusty villous; bracts ob-long-ovate, 4–5 mm, villous, apex acute. Staminate flowers: pedicel 4–4.5 cm; tepals 4, pinkish, outer 2 broadly ovate, 2–2.7 cm, outside villous, inner 2 obovate-oblong, 2–2.6 × ca. 1 mm; stamens numerous; filaments fused at base; anthers oval. Pistil-late flowers: pedicel 4–5 cm; ovary oblong, ca. 10 × 5 mm, gla-brous; placentae axile, bilamellate; tepals 5, unequal, obovate to broadly ovate, 2–2.5 × 0.7–2.2 cm, outside villous; styles 2, fused to halfway; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, ca.

1.2 × 9 mm, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing larger, triangu-lar. Fl. Jul–Aug.

● Forests or scrubby vegetation, moist environments by streams; 300–800 m. Jiangxi.

V ery similar to Begonia pedatifida, this species can only be dis-tinguished by its shallowly divided leaves and cordate leaf bases.

4. Begonia alveolata T. T. Y u, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s., 1: 121. 1948.

点叶秋海棠 dian ye qiu hai tang

Begonia pingbienensis C. Y. Wu.

Herbs, erect on upper part, ascending at base. Rhizome ab-sent. Stems slender. Leaves cauline, asymmetric; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, membranous, pilose, apex acute; petiole 3–6 mm, densely villous; blade ovate, asymmetric, 4–6.5 × 3–5 cm, thin when dried, abaxially densely papillose, subglabrous or sparsely pubescent on veins, villous at junction between blade and petiole, adaxially sparsely hirsute, venation palmate-pinnate, 6-veined, base obliquely cordate, margin irregularly denticulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences subglabrous; bracts caducous, apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, pinkish, glabrous, outer 2 elliptic or obovate, ca. 12 × 6 mm, inner 2 elliptic, ca. 6 × 2 mm; stamens numerous; filaments free. Pistil-late flowers: tepals 5, subequal, 8–10 × 4–6 mm, glabrous; ovary 3-loculed, glabrous; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, free; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsules pendulous, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing larger, triangular. Fl. Nov.

Forests, moist environments; 1000–1500 m. Yunnan (Pingbian) [Vietnam].

This species resembles Begonia morifolia but differs by its gla-brous flowers and very shallowly lobed leaves.

5. Begonia arboreta Y. M. Shui, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 24: 307. 2002.

树生秋海棠 shu sheng qiu hai tang

Herbs, deciduous, epiphytic. Tubers subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Leaves solitary; stipules caducous, basal, glabrous; petiole 12–14 cm; blade asymmetric, broadly ovate, 14–15 × 14–17 cm, papery, venation palmate, 3–5-veined, base oblique-ly cordate, margin irregularly repand-denticulate, distinctly lobed,divided to 3/5 of leaf length; lobes lanceolate,apex acu-minate. Inflorescences 10–12 cm tall, terminal, glabrous; bracts caducous, ovate, ca. 0.6 × 0.2 mm. Staminate flowers not seen. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 3–3.3 cm; tepals not seen; ovary gla-brous, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3; stigmas 2-cleft. Capsule pendulous, 2–2.4 × 1.2–1.4 cm, subequally 3-winged; abaxial wing slightly larger, apex subtruncate.

● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, on tree trunks; 1700–1900 m. Y unnan (Lüchun).

The description of this epiphytic species is based on a single specimen collected from Lüchun. Begonia arboreta may represent a diminished form of B. garrettii Craib from Thailand and perhaps does not warrant the specific status.

6. Begonia asperifolia Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Ham-burg 6: 359. 192

7.

糙叶秋海棠 cao ye qiu hai tang

Herbs, deciduous. Tubers subglobose, 1.3–2 cm in diam. Leaves 1(or 2),basal, occasionally with short stem;stipules cad-ucous; petiole (8–)15–23(–28) cm, subglabrous or tomentose; blade broadly ovate, asymmetric, 15–20(–30) × 11–18(–20) cm, abaxially pubescent, more densely so on veins, or rusty tomen-tose, adaxially sparsely pubescent or densely strigose, venation palmate, 6–8-veined, base slightly oblique, cordate, margin ir-regularly serrulate, undivided or very shallowly lobed. Inflores-cences terminal, racemose at base, 12–25 cm tall, subglabrous; bracts oblong-ovate to ovate, 5–6 × 1–1.2 cm, membranous, apex obtuse. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1–1.5(–2.5) cm; tepals 4, pink, glabrous, outer 2 suborbicular, 1.1–1.3 × 1–1.2 cm, inner 2 oblong to ovate-oblong, 8–10 × 5–7 mm; stamens nu-merous; filaments free; anthers oblong. Pistillate flowers: pedi-cel 2–2.5 cm; tepals 5, pink, unequal, obovate to suborbicular, 5–11 × 3–9 mm, glabrous; ovary elliptic, ca. 7 × 5 mm, gla-brous,3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate;styles 3, free; stig-mas U-shaped, slightly spiraled. Capsule pendulous, oblong to obovoid-oblong,unequally 3-winged;abaxial wing triangular or obliquely so,1.2–1.4(–1.9) cm;lateral wings 3–4 mm,rarely absent or reduced to very narrow lamellae. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Sep–Nov.

● Broad-leaved forests, mixed broad-leaved and coniferous for-ests, along streams, rocky slopes; (1500–)1800–3400 m. SE Xizang, W Y unnan.

Similar to Begonia labordei, this species differs by its large, some-what rugulose leaves and 5-tepaled pistillate flowers (in B. labordei, the pistillate flowers have 3(or 4) tepals). Some specimens of intermediate size and lacking pistillate flowers are difficult to identify.

1a. Leaf blade abaxially pubescent, adaxially

sparsely pubescent; flowers much more

than 1 cm in diam. ................................ 6a. var. asperifolia 1b. Leaf blade abaxially rusty tomentose,

adaxially densely strigose; flowers ca.

1 cm in diam.

2a. Capsule with 3 conspicuous unequal

wings ............................................. 6b. var. tomentosa

BEGONIACEAE 163

2b. Capsule with large abaxial wing,

lateral wings absent or reduced

to very narrow lamellae .................... 6c. var. unialata

6a. Begonia asperifolia var. asperifolia

糙叶秋海棠(原变种) cao ye qiu hai tang (yuan bian zhong) Leaf blade abaxially pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubes-cent. Flowers much more than 1 cm in diam. Capsule with 3 conspicuous unequal wings. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Oct.

● Broad-leaved forests, mixed broad-leaved and coniferous for-ests, along streams, rocky slopes; (1500–)2000–3400 m. SE Xizang (Bomi, Mêdog, Zayü), NW Yunnan.

6b.Begonia asperifolia var. tomentosa T. T. Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s., 1: 118. 1948.

俅江秋海棠 qiu jiang qiu hai tang

Leaf blade abaxially rusty tomentose, adaxially densely strigose. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Capsule with 3 conspicuous unequal wings. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep.

● Forest understories; ca. 1800 m. NW Y unnan (Dulong Jiang).

6c. Begonia asperifolia var. unialata T. C. Ku, var. nov.

窄檐糙叶秋海棠 zhai yan cao ye qiu hai tang

Type: China. Yunnan: Yangbi Xian, in mixed forests, 1 Nov 1929, R. C. Ching 2541 (holotype, PE).

A var. asperifolia capsulae ala abaxiali magna oblique tri-angulari 1.2–1.9 cm longa, ejus alis lateralibus absentibus vel in lamellas angustissmas redactis differt.

Leaf blade abaxially pubescent, adaxially sparsely pu-bescent. Flowers not seen. Capsule 3-winged; abaxial wing obliquely triangular, 1.2–1.9 cm; lateral wings absent or re-duced to very narrow lamellae. Fr. Oct–Nov.

● Mixed forests. W Yunnan (Yangbi).

7. Begonia asteropyrifolia Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen, Acta Bot. Y unnan. 27: 356. 2005.

星果草叶秋海棠 xing guo cao ye qiu hai tang

Herbs rhizomatous. Rhizomes 3–6 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., villous; internodes 0.7–1.1 cm. Leaves all basal; stipules tri-angularor ovate-triangular;petiole 3–5 cm,hirsute-villous; blade ovate with 2- or 3-angular lobes, 6.5–8.5 × 4–5 cm, peltate, thickly papery, rugose, abaxially with dense curly hairs, adaxi-ally densely tuberculate-pilose,margin serrulate and ciliate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, flowers 7–13 in a dichasial cyme; peduncle 5–6 cm, hirsute-villous; bracts lanceolate, 7–9 × 2–3.5 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.1–1.3 cm, hirsute-villous; tepals 2 or 4, outer 2 pink, subor-bicular, 8–9mm in diam.,abaxially strigose-pilose,inner 2 pink-ish or white, oblong, 9–10 × ca. 4 mm, glabrous; androecium zygomorphic; stamens numerous; filaments 0.9–1 mm, fused below into a short column; anthers obovoid. Pistillate flowers unknown. Capsule broadly ovoid, 8–9 × 10–12 mm, pilose, 1-loculed with parietal placentation; styles 3, 1–1.2 mm, persis-tent; wings 3,unequal,triangular,pilose,apex orbicular. Fl. Feb–Sep.

● Limestone hills. 300–400 m. Guangxi (Donglan).

8. Begonia augustinei Hemsley, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 2: 286. 1900.

歪叶秋海棠 wai ye qiu hai tang

?Begonia menglianensis Y. Y. Qian.

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes elongate. Leaves basal; stipules ovate, 7–8 × ca. 5 mm, membranous, apex acute; peti-ole (6–)15–22 cm, densely villous; blade abaxially brownish purple, adaxially pale greenish to whitish along main veins against reddish background color, very shallowly lobed, asym-metric, ovate to broadly ovate, 7–14 × 5–11 cm, abaxially vil-lous on veins, adaxially densely hirsute, venation palmate, 7- or 8-veined, base cordate to deeply cordate, margin irregularly ser-rulate, very shallowly divided; lobes triangular, apex acute or acuminate. I nflorescences (6–)15–18 cm, pubescent or sub-glabrous; bracts oblong, ca. 10 × 4 mm, sparsely ciliate when young, apex acute. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.6–3 cm; tepals 4, pinkish, outer 2 oblong to ovate, 1.4–1.8 × ca. 0.9 cm, out-side pilose, inner 2 elliptic, 10–13 × ca. 7 mm; stamens numer-ous; filaments free; anthers oblong; connective extended, acu-minate. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5; ovary sparsely pilose, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing broadly falcate, 1.7–2.1 cm; lateral wings ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun–Sep.

● Scrubby vegetation, on rocks in shaded moist environments; 1000–1500(–1800) m. S Y unnan.

9. Begonia auritistipula Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: 357. 2005.

耳托秋海棠 er tuo qiu hai tang

Herbs vinelike. Rhizomes long creeping, zigzag, 30–50 cm, 3–5 mm in diam., sparsely hirsute-villous; internodes 3–5 cm. Leaves all basal; stipules broadly ovate, 9–11 mm, base obliquely auriculate, margin entire; petiole 9–12 cm, sparsely reflexed hirsute; blade ovate, 10–18 × 4–7 cm, papery, rugose, abaxially hirsute-pilose on veins, adaxially setulose, base obliquely deeply cordate, margin serrulate and ciliate, apex acu-minate. I nflorescences axillary, flowers 8–13 in 2–4 times branched dichasial cyme; peduncle 5–9 cm, glabrous; bracts oblong or broadly obovate, 1.2–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 cm, glabrous, margin ciliate, apex rounded. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous; tepals 4, outer 2 pink, with red veins, subor-bicular, 1–1.2 cm in diam., abaxially sparsely hirsute, inner 2 white or pinkish, elliptic, 9–10 × 3–3.5 mm, glabrous; andro-ecium zygomorphic; stamens numerous; filaments nearly free, 0.8–1 mm; anthers obovoid, ca. 1.3 × 0.7 mm, apex emarginate. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, outer 2 with pink veins, suborbicu-lar, 0.8–1 cm in diam., abaxially strigose-hirsute; ovary 5–6 × 4–4.5 mm, sparsely strigose-hirsute, 1-loculed with parietal pla-centation; styles 3, free, 1.8–2.3 mm; wings 3, unequal, apex truncate or rounded. Capsule unknown. Fl. May–Nov.

BEGONIACEAE 164

● Originally cultivated at the Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medi-cinal Plants, without detailed accession information.

The type was made from plants in cultivation at the Kunming Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Y unnan.

10. Begonia austroguangxiensis Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: 359. 2005.

桂南秋海棠 gui nan qiu hai tang

Herbs rhizomatous. Rhizomes 4–7 cm, 3–4 mm in diam.; internodes 2–3 mm, sparsely hirsute-villous. Leaves all basal; stipules triangular, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, margin entire; petiole 6–20 cm, hirsute-villous; blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, 5–9 × 6–8 cm, abaxially tomentose-pilose on major veins and sparsely so on minor veins, adaxially flat and very sparsely setulose, base obliquely deeply cordate, margin serrulate and ciliate, apex rounded or obtuse. I nflorescences axillary, flowers 5–12 in a dichasial cyme;peduncle 3–20 cm, pilose or subglabrous; bracts triangular, ovate or rounded, 2.5–5 × 2–3.5 mm, margin entire or serrulate and ciliate.Staminate flowers: tepals 4,outer 2 pink-ish or white, suborbicular or broadly ovate, 8–17 mm in diam., abaxially pilose or glabrous, inner 2 white, obovate to oblan-ceolate, 8–14 × 3–4 mm; stamens numerous; filaments nearly free, 1–1.5 mm; anthers obovoid, 1–1.3 mm, apex subemar-ginate. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, outer 2 pinkish or white, sub-orbicular, 6–9 mm in diam., inner 1 obovate, 4–7 × 2–3.5 mm; styles 3, free, 2–3 mm; ovary 1-loculed with parietal placen-tation. Capsule nodding, 8–9 × 10–12 mm, pilose or glabrous, apex with persistent styles; wings 3, unequal, lunate, larger one 3–6 mm. Fl. May–Oct.

● Limestone forests, on rocks in shaded environments; 200–600 m. Guangxi (Longzhou).

11. Begonia austrotaiwanensis Y. K. Chen & C. I Peng, J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 567. 1990.

南台湾秋海棠 nan tai wan qiu hai tang

Herbs, deciduous; rhizomes elongate, moniliform. Leaves basal; stipules triangular, 7–22 × 4–9 mm; petiole to 40 cm, gla-brous; blade broadly ovate, asymmetric, 13–38 × 10–32 cm, venation palmate, 6–10-veined, base obliquely cordate, margin irregularly serrate, shallowly lobed, apex acuminate or apicu-late. I nflorescences to 55 cm tall; peduncle to 42 cm; bracts caducous, in pairs, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 8–12 × 3.5–6.5 mm, glabrous, margin dentate, apex acute. Flowers scented. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, pink or purplish, outer 2 suborbi-cular to orbicular, 1.3–3.5 × 0.9–3.2 cm, inner 2 lanceolate to narrowly obovate, 1–3.2 cm × 6–8 mm; stamens numerous; filaments free; anthers obovoid. Pistillate flowers: tepals (2 or)3(or 4), outer 2 suborbicular or oblate-orbicular, 1.6–2.3 × 1.4–3.7 cm, inner 1 oblanceolate or obovate, 1.2–2.3 × 0.7–2.3 cm; ovary glabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate or 4-cleft; styles 2, free; stigma 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ligulate, 2.7–4.6 × 0.9–1.5 cm; lateral wings smaller. 2n = 38*.

● Rocky slopes in shaded moist environments; 200–1000 m. S Taiwan.

12. Begonia baviensis Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 195. 1919. 金平秋海棠 jin ping qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous, erect, ca. 50 cm tall or more. Rhi-zomes elongate, to 12 cm in diam. Stems 3–6 mm in diam., scabrous, densely rusty hirsute. Leaves basal and cauline; stip-ules caducous, triangular, 1.5–2 cm, brown villous; petiole 4–7(–11) cm, densely rusty villous; blade oblate-orbicular or sub-orbicular, asymmetric, 15–20 × 12–24 cm, both surfaces sparse-ly red hirsute, more densely so on veins, venation palmate, 6- or 7-veined,base oblique, shallowly cordate, margin remotely den-ticulate, shallowly lobed to distinctly lobed; lobes 5–7, tri-angular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. I nflores-cences densely brown villous; peduncle 10–15 cm; bracts tri-angular, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, both surfaces and margin villous, apex caudate. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, outer 2 broadly ovate, ca.

1.7 × 1–1.2 cm, outside rusty villous, inner 2 obcordate, ca. 2 ×

2 cm, glabrous; stamens numerous; anthers linear; connective extended, acute. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, unequal, ovate, 1.2–2 cm, abaxially villous; ovary rusty villous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate or 4-cleft; styles 2, free; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, 1.5–1.8 cm × 7–9 mm, rusty villous, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing oblate-triangular, hirsute, apex obtuse; lateral wings lunate. Fl. Apr.

Forests, shaded moist environments along streams; 400–500 m. Guangxi, Y unnan (Jinping) [Vietnam].

Begonia baviensis resembles B. purpureofolia but differs in havi-ng green leaves with stiff hairs.

13. Begonia biflora T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 43. 1997. 双花秋海棠 shuang hua qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes 3–10 mm in diam.; inter-nodes 3–6 mm. Leaves all basal; stipules generally persistent, ovate-triangular, 4–10 × 3–6 mm, abaxially subglabrous; peti-ole 4–22 cm, hirsute-villous; blade adaxially without white bands or patches, obliquely broadly ovate, 8–25 × 7–23 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent, more densely so on veins, adaxi-ally sparsely setulose or hispidulous, basally 5–7-veined, terti-ary veins percurrent and reticulate, base deeply cordate, margin crenulate and irregularly denticulate, apex obtuse, sometimes rounded or acute. Inflorescences 4–13-flowered; peduncle 5–7.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely pilose; bracts caducous, oblong or ovate to broadly lanceolate, 2–3 × 1.2–2.5 mm. Staminate flow-ers: pedicel 8–15 mm; tepals 4, outer 2 pinkish or slightly yel-lowish green, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 4–11 × 5–9 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, inner 2 obovate or ellip-tic, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, glabrous; stamens 24–30; filaments fused into a short column at base, anthers obovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.75 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 7–14 mm; tepals 3, outer 2 suborbicular, 6–9.5 × 6–8 mm; ovary glabrous or pilose, 1-loc-uled with parietal placentation; styles 3, free. Capsule nodding, 6–9 mm, glabrous or pilose, unequally or subequally 3-winged; abaxial wing lunate, 2–4.5 mm; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Jan–May, fr. Feb–Jul.

● Limestone rocks or on rocky walls, in moist rocky caves; 200–400 m. Y unnan (Malipo).

Begonia biflora is similar to B. bonii Gagnepain, which is en-demic to Vietnam, but the former species differs in having a much shorter peduncle and the stipules are not hirsute abaxially.

BEGONIACEAE 165

14.Begonia bouffordii C. I Peng, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 46: 255. 2005.

九九峰秋海棠 jiu jiu feng qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous, to 25 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping. Stems absent or rather short, to 8(–15) cm. Leaves basal or sometimes cauline; stipules caducous, narrowly ovate to ovate, to 7 × 3.5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole to 16 cm, glabrous; blade abaxially reddish purple on veins, ovate, asymmetric, 9–16(–18) × 5–6(–10) cm, succulent, nearly glabrous, venation palmate, base obliquely obtuse, margin sub-entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences to 25 cm; peduncle to 17 cm; bracts caducous, narrowly ovate to ovate, to 8 mm, gla-brous, margin entire, apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: tepals 4(or 6), pale pink, outer 2 broadly orbicular to orbicular, 1.5–1.9 × 1.5–1.8 cm, inner 2(or 4) oblanceolate to narrowly obo-vate, 10–17 × 6–9 mm; stamens 68–84; filaments free, 1.1–1.7 mm; anthers narrowly obovoid, 0.9–1.5 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, pinkish, unequal to subequal, narrowly obovate to broadly obovate, glabrous, largest 1–2.3 × 1.1–2.3 cm, smallest 8–19 × 4–16 mm; ovary glabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate or 4-cleft; styles 2, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing broadly elliptic to orbicular, 1.8–2.5 cm; lateral wings smaller. 2n = 38*.

● Shaded rocky slopes; 300–400 m. Taiwan (Nantou).

Similar to Begonia chitoensis, this species can be distinguished by its smaller stature (often acaulescent), reddish purple petiole, and glabrous, succulent leaf blade with reddish purple veins abaxially.

15.Begonia brevisetulosa C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 265. 1995.

短刺秋海棠 duan ci qiu hai tang

Herbs. Rhizomes 5–8 mm in diam. Leaves basal; stipules membranous, caducous; petiole purple-red, 4.5–11 cm, densely brown villous; blade abaxially pale, adaxially yellow-green, oblong-ovate, asymmetric, 5.5–12 × 3.5–10.2 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly setose, adaxially densely hispidulous, venation palmate, 6(or 7)-veined, base slightly oblique, cordate, margin irregularly sharply serrulate, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflores-cences 10.2–12.5 cm tall, densely hirsute; bracts abaxially hairy. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, outer 2 broadly ovate, ca. 12 × 8 mm, abaxially hirsute, inner 2 oblong, ca. 8 × 3 mm; sta-mens numerous; filaments free, ca. 1 mm; anthers oblong, ca.

1 mm. Pistillate flowers unknown. Immature capsule nodding, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–1.8 cm, pilose, 2-loculed, placentae axile, bilamellate, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ovate-lan-ceolate, ca. 1.5 × 1 cm, apex rounded; lateral wings smaller.

● SW Sichuan (Muli).

This species is known only from type gathering. It is similar to Begonia augustinei but differs by its yellow-green leaf blade with sharp-ly serrulate margin.

16. Begonia ×buimontana Y. Yamamoto, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 353. 1933.

武威秋海棠 wu wei qiu hai tang

Begonia fenchihuensis S. S. Ying.

Herbs, erect, 40–125 cm tall,rhizomatous.Rhizomes short, stout. Stems glabrous or sometimes pilose. Leaves cauline or rarely basal; stipules caducous, ovate to broadly ovate, to 2.3 × 1.8 cm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole 2–5 cm, sparsely hirsute; blade asymmetric, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 8–22 × 4–8 cm, densely scabrous-hirsute, venation pal-mate-pinnate, 5–8-veined, base oblique, cordate, margin irreg-ularly serrate, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescences glabrous; peduncle 5–7 mm; bracts caducous, narrowly ovate to ovate, ca.

2.4 × 1.7 cm, glabrous, margin entire, apex mucronate to acu-minate. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, pink, outer 2 obovate, 1.2–1.4 × 0.8–1.3 cm, abaxially hirsute, inner 2 oblanceolate to nar-rowly obovate, 6–13 × 4–6 mm; stamens numerous; filaments free. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5(or 6), pink, subequal to unequal, oblanceolate to orbicular, ca. 1.8 × 0.8 cm; ovary triangular, scabrous-hirsute, 2- or 3-loculed; placentae bilamellate; styles 2 or 3; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing triangular, 1.2–1.9 × 1.1–1.6 cm; lateral wings 4–6 mm. 2n = 30*.

● Forests; 1000–1600 m. S Taiwan.

This is a natural hybrid between Begonia palmata and B. taiwan-iana (Peng & Chen, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 995–1001. 1991). 17. Begonia cathayana Hemsley, Bot. Mag. 134: t. 8202. 1908. 花叶秋海棠 hua ye qiu hai tang

Herbs, erect, to 60 cm tall. Rhizomes poorly developed. Stems often branched, puberulous. Leaves cauline; stipules lan-ceolate, ca. 1 cm, abaxially villous, apex acuminate and cuspid-ate; petiole 3.5–9.8 cm, densely puberulous; blade abaxially pale green to red-purple, adaxially dark green with a red-purple V-shaped band, ovate to broadly ovate, asymmetric, 9–14 × 7–10.8 cm, densely puberulous, occasionally sparsely long hairy, venation palmate-pinnate, base oblique, cordate, margin dentic-ulate, very shallowly lobed; lobes triangular, apex acute. Inflo-rescences puberulous; peduncle 5–6.1(–11) cm; bracts cadu-cous,puberulous,apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.3 cm; tepals 4, pink or orangish, outer 2 broadly ovate, 1.7–2 × ca. 1.2 cm, outside villous, inner 2 oblong to ovate, ca.

1.4 × 5–7 mm; stamens numerous; filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers oblong-obovoid, ca. 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.7 cm; tepals 5, pink or orangish, subequal, oblong to broadly ovate, abaxially villous; ovary pubescent, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, obovoid-oblong, 1.8–

2.1 cm, un-equally 3-winged; adaxial wing broadly ligulate or falcate, 1.2–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 cm, apex rounded; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 20*.

Scrubby vegetation or forests, in shaded environments; 800–1500 m. S Guangxi, SE Y unnan [Vietnam].

Similar to Begonia palmata, this species differs by its short, stout rhizome, lack of leaves on the rhizome, erect stem, and very shallowly divided leaves. Either pink or orangish flowers were observed on plants of this species.

18.Begonia cavaleriei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 20. 1909.

昌感秋海棠 chang gan qiu hai tang

BEGONIACEAE 166

Begoni a cavaleri ei var. pinfaensis H. Léveillé; B. esqui-rolii H. Léveillé; B. nymphaeifolia T. T. Yu.

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes elongate, 5–15 mm in diam. Leaves basal; stipules caducous, broadly ovate to reni-form, 8–12 × 8–10 mm; petiole 7–25 cm, glabrous; blade pel-tate, nearly symmetric, ovate or broadly elliptic, 8–15(–22) × 5–13(–19) cm, thickly papery, glabrous, venation palmate, base obtuse, margin slightly repand, apex acuminate to caudate. In-florescences to 30 cm tall, glabrous; bracts reniform to fan-shaped, 8–15 × 12–16 mm, glabrous, apex emarginate; flowers fragrant. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1 cm; tepals 4, white to pinkish, outer 2 broadly ovate to ovate, 8–20 × 9–15 mm, glabrous, inner 2 oblong, 1.2–4.1 × 4.4–7.1 mm; stamens 58–72; filaments free, 0.7–2 mm; anthers obovoid to oblong, 0.7–1.1 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 2–3 cm; tepals 3, outer 2 broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1.1–1.8 × 1.4–1.7 cm, glabrous, inner 1 oblong, 7.8–8.5 × ca. 4 mm; ovary oblong, to 2 mm, glabrous, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, to 4.6 mm, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, oblong, to 2.9 mm, unequally 3-winged; adaxial wing larger, lunate, 7–8 mm; lateral wings smaller. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul. 2n = 30*.

Forests, on limestone rocks; 700–1300(–1800) m. Guangxi, Gui-zhou, Y unnan [Vietnam].

19. Begonia cehengensis T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 254. 1995.

册亨秋海棠 ce heng qiu hai tang

Herbs, erect. Tubers globose, 6–8 mm in diam. Stems 10–16(–20) cm tall, subglabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; stipules caducous, membranous; petiole 4–8 cm, subglabrous; blade brownish on veins, broadly ovate or suborbicular, asymmetric, 7–8 × ca. 6 cm, papery, very thin when dried, subglabrous or sparsely hispidulous, venation palmate, base slightly oblique, rounded, margin shallowly crenate, apex acute. I nflorescences 2–4-flowered, glabrous; peduncle 3–5 cm; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 4–10 mm; tepals 2, white, depressed-ovate, ca. 8 × 10 mm; stamens nu-merous; filaments ca. 1 mm, free; anthers obovoid, ca. 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 2, white, unequal, one depressed-ovate, ca. 8 × 10 mm, other one broadly ovate, ca. 8 × 6 mm; ovary obovoid, glabrous, 3-loculed, apex with beak ca. 3 mm; pla-centae axile, bilamellate; style 3, free; stigmas U-shaped. Cap-sule pendulous, obovoid, 5–7 mm, subequally 3-winged; wings oblate-triangular, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep.

● 700–800 m. Guizhou (Ceheng).

This species is known only from the type gathering.

20. Begonia ceratocarpa S. H. Huang & Y. M. Shui, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 21: 13. 1999.

角果秋海棠 jiao guo qiu hai tang

Herbs, acaulescent, rhizomatous. Rhizomes 5–15 mm in diam. Leaves all basal; stipules ovate-oblong, 1.8–2.5 × 0.9–1.1 cm, margin subentire, ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole to 30 cm, densely appressed pubescent; blade ovate-oblong, asymmetric, 14–23 × 7–12 cm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrous, vena-tion palmate-pinnate, base oblique, cordate, margin slightly re-pand and slightly crenate, undivided or very shallowly divided into 2 or 3 lobes, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, race-mose at base, to 10(–20) cm tall, glabrous or remotely pubes-cent; peduncle 5–6 cm; bracts lanceolate, 7–8 × 2–3 mm, abaxi-ally pilose, apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 7–12 mm, pilose; tepals 4, pink, glabrous or minutely appressed pu-bescent, outer 2 broadly ovate, 10–17 × 8–12 mm, inner 2 obo-vate-lanceolate, ca. 12 × 4–5 mm; stamens 17 or 18; filaments 2–3.4 mm, free; anthers obovoid-oblong, 1.6–2 mm, apex ob-tuse. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 5–7 mm; tepals 5, pink, glabrous or minutely appressed pubescent, unequal, largest broadly obo-vate, 9–15 × 7–10 mm, smallest oblong, 5–12 × 3–6 mm; ovary minutely appressed pubescent, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bi-lamellate; styles 3, fused to halfway; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Fruit berrylike, rhomboid, indehiscent,3-horned. 2n = 20*.

Broad-leaved forests by streams; 300–400 m. Y unnan (H ekou) [Vietnam].

This species is similar to Begonia balansana Gagnepain, which is endemic to N Vietnam, but differs in that the plants are monoecious and the ovary is 3-loculed.

21. Begonia chingii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 519. 1939.

凤山秋海棠 feng shan qiu hai tang

Herbs, deciduous. Tubers 3–15 mm in diam. Leaves 1(–3), basal or on very short stem; stipules triangular-ovate, 3.9–1.2 cm, margin ciliate, apex cuspidate; petiole 6.8–13 cm, pubes-cent; blade ovate to broadly ovate, nearly symmetric, 7–14 × 5–9 cm, very thin when dried, villous, venation palmate-pinnate, base cordate, margin serrulate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflo-rescence terminal, cymose, 6–20 cm; bracts oblong, 3.4–7.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, margin ciliate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 6.5–34 mm; tepals 4, outer 2 ovate, 9.5–15.7 × 7.5–14 mm, abaxially sparsely red pubescent, inner 2 oblong, 6.1–13.1 × 1.9–7.1 mm, glabrous; stamens 10–40; filaments 0.8–2.3 mm, fused at base; anthers oval, 0.5–1 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, outer 2 broadly ovate, 6.2–9.3 × 5–8.6 mm, abaxially red hairy, inner 1 oval, 5.7–7.5 × 3.1–4.7 mm; ovary oval, ca. 3.7 × 2.5 mm, hairy, 3-loculed; placentae axile, undivided; styles 3, 2.6–4.5 mm, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsules pendu-lous; unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing triangular, 4–13 mm; lateral wings smaller.

● Limestone hills or caves; 200–800 m. Guangxi.

This species resembles Begonia fimbristipula but differs by its pubescent tepals and undivided placentae.

22.Begonia chishuiensis T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 267. 1995.

赤水秋海棠 chi shui qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes 4–6 mm in diam. Leaves basal; stipules membranous, caducous; petiole 6–9 cm, densely brown hirsute; blade narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, slightly asymmetric, 4.5–10 × 3–5 cm, abaxially hirsute, adaxi-ally hispidulous and hirsute, venation palmate-pinnate, 5- or 6-veined, base shallowly cordate, margin minutely denticulate, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescences 9–15 cm tall, 2–4-flow-

BEGONIACEAE 167

ered, glabrous; bracts caducous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1–1.3 cm; tepals 2 or ?3, broadly ovate, ca. 10 × 9 mm; stamens numerous; filaments free, ca. 1 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1–1.3 cm; tepals 2 or ?3, oblong-obo-vate, ca. 1.6 × 1 cm; ovary ovoid, glabrous or subglabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, oblong, ca. 9 mm, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing broadly falcate, ca. 1.3 × 0.8 cm, apex rounded; lateral wings smaller, lunate. Fl. Sep.

● On moist rocks. Guizhou (Chishui).

This species is known only from the type gathering.

23.Begonia chitoensis T. S. Liu & M. J. Lai, Fl. Taiwan 3: 793. 1977.

溪头秋海棠 xi tou qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes creeping, to 2 cm in diam. Stems 40–95 cm tall. Leaves basal and cauline; stipules ovate to very broadly ovate, to 2.6 cm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate, caducous; petiole 10–45 cm; blade broadly ovate to orbicular, asymmetric, 9–34 × 7–29 cm, venation palmate-pin-nate, abaxially subglabrous to sparsely hairy, adaxially subgla-brous, base obliquely cordate, margin serrulate, undivided or very shallowly divided, apex acuminate to caudate. Inflores-cences 12–40 cm, subglabrous; peduncle to 31 cm; bracts cadu-cous, ovate to broadly ovate, to 2.5 × 1.9 cm, margin entire, apex acute. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, pink, outer 2 obovate to orbicular, 1.1–2.8 × 1–2.6 cm, inner 2 oblanceolate to obovate, 1–2.6 cm × 4–13 mm; stamens 78–142; filaments free, 0.8–2.4 mm; anthers obovoid, 2–2.3 mm. Pistillate flowers: ovary ellip-soid, glabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; tepals 5, unequal, oblanceolate to orbicular, largest 0.9–2.6 × 0.8–2.3 cm, smallest 0.8–2.4 cm × 4–11 mm; styles 2, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing broadly elliptic to orbicular, 1.9–3.2 × 1.1–2.2 cm; lateral wings smaller, 4–6 mm. Fl. Jun–Oct. 2n = 38*.

● Shaded moist broad-leaved forests; 400–2200 m. C and N Tai-wan.

This species is similar to Begonia formosana but differs by the abaxial wing of the capsule, which is broadly elliptic to orbicular, 1.9–3.2 × 1.1–2.2 cm.

24. Begonia chuyunshanensis C. I Peng & Y. K. Chen, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 46: 258. 2005.

出云山秋海棠 chu yun shan qiu hai tang

Herbs, erect. Rhizomes poorly developed.Stems40–85 cm tall, glabrous. Leaves cauline; stipules caducous, lanceolate to ovate, to 2.1 cm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; peti-ole 6–30 cm, glabrous; blade ovate to narrowly ovate, asym-metric, 12–27 × 5–14 cm, both surfaces sparsely scaberulous, venation palmate-pinnate, 7–9-veined, base cordate, margin ir-regularly serrulate or denticulate, often slightly undulate, apex acuminate to cuspidate. Inflorescences 5–16 cm; peduncle to 13 cm; bracts caducous, narrowly ovate to ovate, to 2.3 × 1.4 cm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate. Tepals white or very faintly pinkish. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, outer 2 broadly obovate to orbicular, 9–24 × 7–21 mm, inner 2 oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 7–18 × 4–8 mm; stamens 98–137; filaments 0.5–2.1 mm; anthers narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 2.9–3.2 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5(or 6), unequal to subequal, nar-rowly obovate to broadly obovate, largest 9–21 × 8–18 mm, smallest 8–19 × 4–9 mm; ovary glabrous, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, 4.9–5.3 mm, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing triangular, 1.8–2.4 cm; lateral wings much smaller. 2n = 52*.

● Shaded moist broad-leaved forests; 500–1600 m. S Taiwan.

This species is similar to Begonia lukuana but differs by its larger anthers and the leaves, which are pale green on both surfaces.

25. Begonia circumlobata Hance, J. Bot. 21: 203. 1883.

周裂秋海棠 zhou lie qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes elongate, 6–21 mm in diam. Leaves basal; stipules ovate, 5–8 × 3–5.5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate and apiculate; petiole 8–43 cm, glabrous to densely villous; blade broadly ovate to oblate-orbic-ular, 10–24 cm, sparsely hispidulous, sparsely strigose on veins, venation palmate, base subtruncate or shallowly cordate, mar-gin irregularly denticulate, distinctly divided; lobes 5 or 6, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 5–25 cm tall; bracts oblong, 0.9–1.4 cm × 3–11 mm, glabrous, margin entire. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.5–4.6 cm; tepals 4, white to pink, outer 2 broadly ovate, 1–1.6 × 9–1.4 cm, abaxially sparsely brown hairy, inner 2 oblong, 0.8–1.3 cm × 5–8 mm; stamens ca. 100; filaments 1–2.9 mm; anthers obovoid, 0.9–1.6 mm. Pistillate flowers: ped-icel 8–17 mm; tepals 5, unequal, largest suborbicular, 1.6–1.8 cm × 8–11 mm, smallest oblong, ca. 12 × 6 mm; ovary pilose, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, fused to half-way; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, obovoid, ca.

1.3 cm × 5–6 mm, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ligulate,

1.2–

2.1 cm, apex obtuse; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul.

● Shaded moist forests, scrubby vegetation; 200–1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan.

This species is similar to Begonia pedatifida but differs by lacking lobules.

26. Begonia cirrosa L. B. Smith & Wasshausen, Phytologia 52: 442. 1983.

卷毛秋海棠 juan mao qiu hai tang

Begonia crispula T. T. Yu, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin-burgh 21: 38. 1951, not Brade (1950).

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes elongate, 8–15 mm in diam. Leaves all basal; stipules pubescent; petiole 9–12 cm, densely villous; blade abaxially pale green or reddish, obliquely broadly ovate to suborbicular, 6–18 × 6–15 cm, papery, abaxi-ally pilose or hirsute-pilose, more densely so on veins, adaxially setose-pilose, basally 5–7-veined, tertiary veins weakly per-current, base oblique, deeply cordate, margin denticulate, apex shortly caudate. Inflorescences with 8–12 flowers in a dichasial cyme; peduncle 15–24 cm, villous; pedicel 3–3.5 cm, red hir-sute-hispid; bracts oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 mm, abax-ially pubescent, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to acuminate. Stam-inate flowers: tepals 4, outer 2 broadly ovate to oblate, 7–17 ×

BEGONIACEAE 168

5–22 mm, inner 2 oblong, 4–14 × 2–9 mm; stamens 30–40; filaments nearly free; anthers oblong-obovoid, 1–1.5 mm. Pis-tillate flowers: tepals 3, outer 2 broadly ovate, 6–14 × 5–18 mm, inner 1 oblong or obovate, 5–8 × 4–6 mm; ovary oblong, red hispid-hirsute, 1-loculed with parietal placentae; styles 3. Capsule nodding, oblong to ellipsoid, 1–2 cm, unequally 3-winged, larger one lunate, 4–7 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Apr.

● Limestone forests; on rocks in shaded environments; ca. 1000 m. Guangxi (Jingxi, Napo), Y unnan (Funing).

27.Begonia clavicaulis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Ham-burg 10: 500. 1939.

腾冲秋海棠 teng chong qiu hai tang

Herbs, erect. Rhizomes short, stout, ca. 2.5 cm in diam. Stems ca. 60 cm. Leaves all cauline; stipules caducous; petiole 4–14 cm, sparsely villous; blade oblong-ovate or oblong, asymmetric, 9–10 × 4.5–9 cm, very thin when dried, sparsely hirsute, venation palmate, 8-veined, base oblique, deeply cor-date, margin denticulate, shallowly divided, 6- or 7-lobed, apex acuminate. Inflorescences few flowered, glabrous; bracts broad-ly elliptic to oblong, 4.6–8 × 5–5.8 mm, margin ciliate, apex acute or obtuse. Staminate flowers: pedicel 4–6 mm; tepals 4, outer 2 broadly ovate, 8–9 × 6–8 mm, outside sparsely pubes-cent, inner 2 broadly elliptic, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, glabrous; stamens numerous; filaments 1.3–1.8 mm, fused at base; anthers obo-void, 0.4–0.6 mm, apex emarginate. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, unequal, largest one broadly ovate, 6–7.3 × 4.5–7 mm, outside pubescent, smallest one broadly elliptic, 5–6 × ca. 4 mm, gla-brous; ovary obliquely elliptic, 4–4.8 × 3–3.8 mm, unequally 3-winged, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, free; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Mature fruit not available.

● Shaded moist environments; ca. 2100 m. Y unnan (Tengchong).

This species is similar to Begonia wenshanensis but differs by being a larger plant with oblong-ovate or oblong leaf blades.

28.Begonia coptidifolia H. G. Ye et al., Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 45: 259. 2004.

阳春秋海棠 yang chun qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous, erect. Rhizomes slender. Stems 10–15(–30) cm. Leaves basal and cauline; stipules persistent, tri-angular, 5–8 × 3–4 mm, margin entire, apex long cuspidate; petiole 5–13 cm, sparsely setulose; blade ovate to suborbicular, nearly symmetric, 10–18 × 8–15 cm, sparsely setulose, vena-tion palmate, base cordate, margin dentate, palmately 3-cleft to base, pinna bipinnatifid; lobules narrowly elliptic-lanceolate. Inflorescences glabrous; peduncle 3.5–4(–7) cm; bracts narrow-ly triangular, ca. 10 × 3 mm, apex acute. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.3 cm; tepals 4, white, glabrous, outer 2 broadly ovate, ca. 1.2 × 1.3 cm, inner 2 ovate, ca. 12 × 8 mm; stamens numerous; filaments fused to more than halfway; anthers obo-void. Pistillate flowers: pedicel pale pinkish, 1.4–1.7 cm; tepals 5, white, glabrous, unequal, largest orbicular, ca. 1.5 × 1.4 cm, smallest narrowly obovate, ca. 12 × 8 mm; ovary glabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ligulate or falcate, 1.7–2.3 cm, apex rounded. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n = 22*.

● Broad-leaved forests, on mossy rocks along shaded stream banks; ca. 600 m. Guangdong (Yangchun).

This species is very rare and known only from the type locality. 29. Begonia coptidimontana C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 251. 1995.

黄连山秋海棠 huang lian shan qiu hai tang

Herbs, erect. Rhizomes short, stout. Stems reddish brown to reddish, 70–120 cm, glabrous, branching twice or more. Leaves basal and cauline; stipules caducous, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, membranous, glabrous; petiole 3–5 cm, glabrous or sub-glabrous; blade ovate-lanceolate, 5–12 × 1.8–4 cm, both sur-faces sparsely hirsute, venation palmate-pinnate, base obliquely cordate, margin remotely serrulate, apex caudate-acuminate. In-florescences glabrous, with few flowers; peduncle 2.5–5 cm, slender; bracts caducous, oblong, 3–4 × ca. 1 mm, membra-nous. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, pink, outer 2 broadly ovate, ca. 8 × 6 mm, outside sparsely hairy, inner 2 oblong, 5–8 × 3.5–4(–6) mm, glabrous; stamens numerous; filaments free, 1–1.5 mm; anthers obovoid, ca. 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, un-equal, largest broadly ovate, ca. 1.2 × 1.1 cm, outside sparsely hairy, smallest oblong, ca. 8 × 5 mm, glabrous; ovary obovoid-oblong, sparsely hairy when young, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, free; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing falcate, 1.3–2 × ca.

1 cm; lateral wings triangular, 5–7 mm. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.

● Mixed bamboo, banana, and broad-leaved forests, on rocks in shaded moist environments along streams; 1700–2200 m. Y unnan (Lü-chun, Wenshan).

This species resembles Begonia taiwaniana in the well-branched stem and lanceolate leaves, but is distinguishable by the remotely ser-rulate leaves and hairy tepals and ovary.

30. Begonia crocea C. I Peng, Bot. Stud. 47: 89. 2006.

橙花秋海棠 cheng hua qiu hai tang

Herbs, acaulescent. Rhizomes elongate, to 2 cm in diam. Stipules caducous, triangular, to 1.5 × 1 cm, glabrous or pilose on midvein, margin entire, apex cuspidate; petiole green, 34–41 × 0.9–1 cm, densely pilose; blade broadly ovate, asymmetric, to 30.5 × 24 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, ve-nation palmately 9- or 10-veined, base oblique, deeply cordate, margin remotely minutely serrulate, apex acute. Inflorescences 16–34 cm; peduncle 12.5–25 cm × 4–5.8 mm, glabrous; bracts ovate, to 2.1 ×1.2 cm,glabrous,margin entire,apex acute. Flow-er buds subglobose. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.2–1.8(–3.1) cm; tepals 4, orange-red, glabrous, outer 2 ovate, 1.1–1.8 × 1.1–1.4 cm, inner 2 elliptic or narrowly obovate, 1.1–1.8 × 0.9–1.1 cm; stamens ca. 100 or more; filaments 2.5–3.5 mm, fused to halfway; anthers fusiform to obovoid, 1.5–4.5 mm, apex acu-minate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1.3–1.5 cm; tepals 5, orange-red, glabrous, subequal, obovate, 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm; ovary ellip-soid, glabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, 5–5.6 mm, free; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing narrowly oblong, 1.7–1.8 cm × 8–8.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateral wings smaller, 6.5–7 mm.

● Forests; ca. 1200 m. S Y unnan (Jiangcheng).

BEGONIACEAE 169

This species is similar to Begonia megalophyllaria but can be dis-tinguished by the hairy habit and orange-red tepals.

31.Begonia crystallina Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: 360. 2005.

水晶秋海棠 shui jing qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes creeping, 6–12 cm, 0.8–1 cm in diam.; internodes 0.2–0.3 mm, hirsute-pilose. Leaves all basal; stipules reflexed, triangular, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, apex acuminate; petiole 17–25 cm, hirsute-villous; blade broad-ly ovate, 12–23 × 11–23 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely strigose-pilose on veins, adaxially moderately setulose, hairs with slightly tuberculate bases, basally 6- or 7-veined, tertiary veins percurrent and densely reticulate, base obliquely cordate, margin serrulate and ciliate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences 10–15 flowered in a dichasial cyme; peduncle 10–18 cm, sparsely hirsute; bracts ovate, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, subglabrous, margin cili-ate, apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: pedicels 1–1.1 cm, sub-glabrous; tepals 4, glabrous, outer 2 pink, orbicular, 0.9–1 cm in diam., inner 2 pinkish, narrowly oblong, 10–11 × ca. 2 mm; sta-mens numerous; filaments nearly free; anthers oblong, 0.8–0.9 × 0.6–0.7 mm, apex emarginate or orbicular. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, glabrous, outer 2 pink, orbicular, 7–8 mm in diam., inner 1 pinkish, oblong; ovary coniform, ca. 1 cm, glabrous, 3-winged, 1-loculed with parietal placentation; styles 3, free, ca. 1 mm. Capsule nodding, broadly ovoid, ca. 6 × 6 mm; wings 3, lunate, larger one 2–3 mm, apex subtruncate. Fl. Aug–Jan.

● On crystalline rocks in limestone caves. Y unnan (Malipo).

32. Begonia cucurbitifolia C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 268. 1995.

瓜叶秋海棠 gua ye qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes 8–11 mm in diam. Stems ca. 4 cm, glabrous. Leaves all basal; stipules caducous, lanceo-late, ca. 1.2 cm, membranous, glabrous; petiole 22–26 cm, gla-brous; blade orbicular, nearly symmetric, 14–16.2 × 14–16 cm, subleathery, both surfaces subglabrous, venation palmate, 3- or 4-veined, base shallowly cordate to obtuse, margin remotely and minutely serrulate, divided to 1/2 of leaf length or more, 3- or 4-lobed; lobes oblong or somewhat ovate, apex acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences to 27 cm tall, subglabrous; bracts cadu-cous. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.5 cm; tepals 4, white, gla-brous, outer 2 narrowly ovate or triangular-ovate, ca. 2.5 × 1.3 cm, inner 2 oblong, ca. 15 × 5 mm, apex acute. Pistillate flow-ers not seen. Capsule nodding, ellipsoid, ca. 17 × 8 mm, gla-brous, 2-loculed, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ovate-ob-long, ca. 1.7 × 1.4 cm, apex rounded; lateral wings lunate, 5–7 mm; placentae axile, bilamellate. Fl. Aug, fr. Aug. 2n = 44*.

● Forests, on rocks, in moist environments in valleys; ca. 400 m. Y unnan (Hekou).

This species is similar to Begonia paucilobata but differs by its 3- or 4-lobed leaves.

33. Begonia curvicarpa S. M. Ku et al., Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 45: 353. 2004.

弯果秋海棠 wan guo qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizome elongate, sparsely hairy; in-ternodes 1.5–5.5 cm. Leaves all basal; stipules triangular, ca. 10 × 9 mm, margin entire; petiole 7–17 cm, hirsute-villous; blade obliquely broadly ovate to orbicular, 4–19 × 3–12 cm, papery, abaxially villous, adaxially pilose, basally 6- or 7-veined, ter-tiary veins weakly percurrent and reticulate, base obliquely deeply cordate, margin denticulate or dentate and ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, flowers 3–5 in 1–3 times branched dichasial cyme; peduncle 9–12 cm, glabrous; bracts oblong, elliptic to ovate, 4–10 × 3–6 mm, margin serrate-ciliate, apex obtuse. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, glabrous, outer 2 broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular, 1.3–1.5 × 1.5–1.7 cm, inner 2 oblanceolate, ca. 12 × 6 mm; stamens 35–40; filaments nearly free, ca. 2 mm; anthers obovoid-oblong, ca. 1.2 mm, apex sub-emarginate. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, glabrous, outer 2 broad-ly ovate to ovate-orbicular, 1.4–1.7 × 1.5–1.7 cm, inner 1 ob-trullate to oblanceolate; ovary glabrous, ± curved, 1-loculed with parietal placentation; styles 3, fused to 1/3. Capsule nod-ding, manifestly crooked, 11–14 × 8–9 mm, glabrous, unequal-ly 3-winged; abaxial wing 8–8.5 mm. Fl. Aug–Nov, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n = 30 *.

● On limestone rocks or at entrances to semishaded to shaded, slightly moist caves. Guangxi (Rong’an, Yongfu).

34. Begonia cylindrica D. R. Liang & X. X. Chen, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13: 217. 1993.

柱果秋海棠 zhu guo qiu hai tang

Herbs. Rhizome elongate. Leaf basal; stipules ovate-tri-angular, 6–11 mm, glabrous, apex acuminate and with short awns; petiole reddish, 2–13 cm, sparsely hairy when young; blade peltate, broadly ovate or suborbicular, slightly asymmet-ric, 5–11 × 4.5–8 cm, thickly papery, glabrous or subglabrous, venation palmate, 6-veined, base oblique, rounded, margin re-motely serrate, apex shortly caudate. I nflorescences 4–10 cm tall, shorter than petiole, glabrous; with 2–8 flowers; bracts cad-ucous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 0.8–2 cm; tepals 4, white to pinkish, glabrous, outer 2 oblate-orbicular, 4–11 × 4–12 mm, glabrous, inner 2 narrow, oblong or lanceolate, 3–7 × 1.2–3 mm, apex obtuse; stamens 25–50; filaments 0.4–1.1 mm; an-thers obovoid to oblong, 0.7–1.5 mm, apex truncate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 4–8 mm; tepals 3, glabrous, usually persistent at fruiting stage, outer 2 broadly obovate or suborbicular, 4–8 × 4–8 mm, inner 1 oblong-obovate, 1.5–5 × 1–2 mm; ovary ob-long, terete, glabrous, 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, fused at base; stigma 2-cleft, U-shaped. Fruit berrylike, clavate, descending or deflexed, 1.5–2.4 cm × 2–4 mm, wing-less. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.

● Forests, on limestone rocks in shaded moist environments. Guangxi (Longzhou).

35. Begonia daweishanensis S. H. Huang & Y. M. Shui, Acta Bot. Y unnan. 16: 337. 1994.

大围山秋海棠 da wei shan qiu hai tang

Creeping herbs. Rhizome elongate. Stem 5–10(–17) cm. Leaves mostly basal; stipules ovate, 1.3–1.6 cm, pubescent, margin entire, apex cuspidate; petiole 15–30 cm, densely pubes-cent; blade ovate, asymmetric, 8–12 × 7–10 cm, abaxially pu-

BEGONIACEAE 170

berulous, more densely so on veins, adaxially subglabrous to sparsely hairy, venation palmate, base cordate, margin irregu-larly serrulate, very shallowly lobed, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescences puberulous; peduncle ca. 13 cm. Bracts oblong, to 1.2 cm, apex acute. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.2 cm; tepals 4, pink, outer 2 broadly ovate, ca. 1.8 × 1.2 cm, outside puberulous, inner 2 oblong,7–8 × ca. 5 mm, glabrous; filaments 1–1.2 mm; anthers numerous, oblong-obovoid, ca. 1 mm. Pistil-late flowers: pedicel ca. 1.2 cm; tepals 5, pink, unequal, 1–1.8 × 4–10 cm, abaxially puberulous; ovary puberulous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ligulate or falcate, ca. 18 × 8 mm, apex rounded; lateral wings smaller, ca.

12 × 6 mm.

● Broad-leaved forests,moist places;1400–1800 m.Y unnan (Ping-bian).

This species resembles Begonia dryadis but differs by its well-developed, elongate rhizome and the predominantly basal leaves.

36. Begonia daxinensis T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 45. 1997.

大新秋海棠 da xin qiu hai tang

Begonia zhangii D. Fang & D. H. Qin.

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes elongate. Leaves all basal; stipules caducous, ovate, 6–12 mm, abaxially villous on veins when young, apex awned; petiole 5–14 cm, sparsely to mod-erately villous; blade adaxially green, with a whitish ring-shaped belt, obliquely ovate to suborbicular, 10–24 × 10–17 cm, herbaceous or papery, abaxially subglabrous or scaberu-lous, adaxially glabrous, basally 6- or 7-veined, tertiary veins weakly percurrent, base cordate, margin denticulate, apex short-ly caudate. Inflorescences axillary; peduncle 13–20 cm, pilose or sparsely villous; flowers white or pinkish, 4–10 in 3–4 times branched dichasial cyme. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, outer 2 broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, 1.2–1.9 × 1–1.6 cm, abaxially glandular pilose, inner 2 obovate or broadly oblanceolate, 12–14 × 4–5 mm, glabrous; stamens 16–27. Pistillate flowers: te-pals 3, outer 2 suborbicular, 1–1.5 × 1–1.2 cm, abaxially glan-dular pilose, inner 1 obovate, 5–7.5 × 2–5 mm; ovary 1-loculed with parietal placentation. Capsule nodding, ovate-oblong,13–20 × 6–8 mm, glabrous,subequally3-winged; wings lunate, 3–7 mm. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Apr–Jun.

● Limestone hills, shaded rocky places. Guangxi (Daxin, Long’an).

37. Begonia debaoensis C. I Peng et al., Bot. Stud. 47: 207. 2006.

德保秋海棠 de bao qiu hai tang

Begonia bonii Gagnepain var. remotisetulosa Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen.

Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes 20–60 cm, slender, 2.5–6 mm in diam.; internodes 1.5–3.5 cm. Leaves basal; stipules tri-angular to ovate-triangular, 4–9 × 4–6 mm, apex acute or ob-tuse; petiole 5–12 cm, 1.5–3 mm in diam., villous; blade adaxi-ally green or dark green on veins, otherwise whitish or pale green, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 5–9.5 × 3.6–6.8 cm, basally 5- or 6-veined, tertiary veins percurrent and loosely reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, flowers 4–7 in a dichasial cyme; peduncle 6–15 cm, glabrous; bracts ovate to orbicular, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, margin ciliate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 9–17 mm; tepals 4, outer 2 pink toward margin, whitish in middle, suborbicular, 6–11 × 7–12 mm, inner 2 oblong or narrowly obo-vate, 8–10 × 3–4 mm; stamens abnormal, base with exposed ovulelike structures, apex forming a stigmalike structure, with-out anthers.Pistillate flowers: pedicel 7–11mm,sometimes with a bracteole; tepals 3, caducous or nearly so, outer 2 tepals bi-colored as staminate flowers, suborbicular, 5–11 × 5–11 mm, inner 2 tepals oblong or narrowly obovate, 4–7 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse; ovary ellipsoid, 5–8 × 3.7–4.1 mm, unequally or subequally 3-winged, 1-loculed with parietal placentation; ab-axial wing lunate, 3–5 × 5–7 mm; styles 3, fused in proximal 1/4. Capsule not developed. Fl. Aug–Jan. 2n = 30*.

● Walls of caves at bases of steep limestone hills. W Guangxi (Debao).

38. Begonia dentatobracteata C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 254. 1995 [“dentato-bracteata”].

齿苞秋海棠 chi bao qiu hai tang

Herbs, deciduous. Tubers 1.5–1.9 cm in diam. Leaves 2- or 3-fasciculate on tuber; stipules membranous, caducous; peti-ole 13–16.5 cm, glabrous or subglabrous; blade oblong-ovate or oblong, slightly asymmetric, 11–14 × 6.9–8.8 cm, abaxially his-pidulous on veins, adaxially sparsely hispidulous, base cordate, margin serrulate, undivided, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflores-cences terminal, racemose at base, ca. 26 cm tall; bracts oblong to obovate, membranous, apex (2 or)3–5 toothed. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, pink, outer 2 broadly ovate, 4–5 × 3–3.5 mm, inner 2 oblong, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm; stamens numerous; filaments fused to halfway; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals not seen; ovary 3-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, free; stigmas U-shaped. Capsule pendulous, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing oblate-orbicular,7–13 × 7–12 mm, apex acute or obtuse; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.

● Broad-leaved forests, on rocky cliffs in shaded environments; 1600–1900 m. W Y unnan (Pianma).

This species is similar to Begonia labordei and probably can only be separated by its distinctly dentate bracts with 3–5 teeth at the apices.

39.Begonia dielsiana E.Pritzel,Bot.Jahrb.Syst.29:479.1900. 南川秋海棠 nan chuan qiu hai tang

Herbs. Rhizome 1.2–3.5 cm in diam. Stem very short. Leaves mostly arising from rhizome; stipules caducous; petiole 16–50 cm, glabrous; blade broadly oblong-ovate, asymmetric, 9–17 × 7–15 cm, both surfaces glabrous or adaxially sparsely hairy, venation palmate, 6-veined, base oblique, deeply cordate, margin remotely serrulate, very shallowly divided, 5–10-lobed; lobes triangular or broadly triangular, apex acuminate. I nflo-rescences 9–24 cm tall, glabrous; bracts caducous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 2–2.7 cm; tepals 4, white to pinkish, glabrous, outer 2 orbicular or broadly ovate, 2–2.5 × ca. 2 cm, inner 2 oblong, ca. 2 × 1 cm; stamens numerous; filaments 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong-obovoid, ca. 1.8 mm, apex emarginate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 2.7–3.1 cm; ovary obovoid, glabrous; unequal-

BEGONIACEAE 171

ly 3-winged,2-loculed; placentae axile,bilamellate; tepals 6, white to pinkish, glabrous, outer 3 narrowly obovate, 2.1–2.3 × 1.3–1.6 cm, inner 3 broadly oblanceolate, 2.3–2.6 × 1.3–1.6 cm; styles 2, 6.2–6.6 mm, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spi-raled. Capsule nodding,unequally3-winged;abaxial wing larg-er,elliptic to falcate, apex rounded. Fl. Jul.

● On rocks in shaded moist environments by streams or in val-leys; 1000–1300 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan), Hubei (Lichuan), Sichuan (Emei Shan).

This species is similar to Begonia emeiensis but differs by its gla-brous leaves.

40. Begonia digyna Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 6: 352. 1927.

槭叶秋海棠 qi ye qiu hai tang

Herbs, rhizomatous, 25–37 cm tall. Rhizomes ca. 1 cm in diam. Stems erect or ascending, sparsely hairy. Leaves mostly basal; stipules caducous; petiole 1–2.5 cm, rusty hairy; blade broadly ovate to orbicular, slightly asymmetric, 7–15(–18) × 7–13(–20) cm, thin when dried, sparsely pilose, apex acuminate, venation palmate, base cordate, obliquely cordate, margin ser-rulate, distinctly lobed, divided to 1/2 of leaf length, 6- or 7-lobed; lobes triangular-ovate, middle lobe divided with 1 lob-ule. I nflorescences sparsely hairy; peduncle 18–20 cm; bracts caducous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 2.5–3 cm; tepals 4, pink, outer 2 broadly ovate, 1.7–2 × 1.8–2.1 cm, abaxially pilose, inner 2 oblong-obovate, 1.5–2 cm × 9–11 mm; stamens numer-ous; filaments 1.5–1.8 mm; anthers obovoid-oblong, 1.1–1.5 mm, apex slightly emarginate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1.7–2.1 cm, hairy; tepals 5, unequal, largest one broadly ovate, 1.6–2.1 × 1.1–1.4 cm, abaxially villous, smallest one oblong-ellip-tic, ca. 11 × 7 mm, glabrous; ovary elliptic, 8–10 × 5–6 mm, pilose, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, 5–6.5 mm; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, ellipsoid, un-equally 3-winged; abaxial wing triangular or broadly ligulate, 1.3–1.8 cm × 9–10 mm, apex rounded; lateral wings oblate-tri-angular. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.

● Forests; on rocks in shaded moist environments by streams or in valleys; 500–700 m. Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

This species is similar to Begonia edulis but differs by its sparsely pilose, distinctly lobed leaves.

41. Begonia discrepans Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 100. 1953.

细茎秋海棠 xi jing qiu hai tang

Begonia tenuicaulis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Ham-burg 10: 543. 1939, not A. Candolle (1859).

Herbs. Rhizome unknown. Stem ca. 40 cm, 4–5 mm in diam., brown hairy. Stipules obliquely triangular-ovate, 9–10 × 4–7 mm, abaxially hirsute on veins, apex acute or obtuse. Peti-ole 0.9–5 cm, sparsely hirsute; blade ovate, asymmetric, 6–12 × 2.9–7.3 cm, adaxially sparsely hirsute, venation palmate-pin-nate, 5–7-veined, more densely so on veins, base cordate, mar-gin serrulate, apex acuminate. I nflorescences pilose; peduncle 3.5–6.5 cm; bracts ovate-oblong or ovate, 10–13 × 7–9 mm, membranous, margin and outside pilose, apex acuminate and long cuspidate. Staminate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.6 cm, hispidu-lous; tepals 4, outer 2 elliptic-ovate, ca. 1.5 × 1.1 cm, outside hirsute, inner 2 broadly ovate, ca. 8.5 × 6.2 mm, glabrous; stamens numerous; filaments 1–1.4 mm; anthers obovoid-oblong, 0.9–1.2 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, outside hirsute; ovary oblong, subequally 3-winged, 2-loculed; styles 2, fused at base. Capsule not seen.

● Y unnan (Tengchong).

The description is based on the type gathering.

42.Begonia discreta Craib, https://www.doczj.com/doc/c310626286.html,rm.Kew 1930: 410. 1930.

景洪秋海棠 jing hong qiu hai tang

Herbs, deciduous. Tubers ca. 7 mm in diam. Leaves basal; stipules caducous; petiole 3–8.5 cm; blade oblong or oblong-ovate,asymmetric,4.5–13×3.5–9 cm,abaxially sparsely brown pilose on veins, adaxially sparsely brown pilose or subglabrous, venation palmate, 7(–9)-veined, base obliquely cordate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescences terminal, 3.5–7 cm tall, subglabrous; bracts caducous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 5–10 mm; tepals 4, outer 2 elliptic, ca. 11 × 7 mm, out-side remotely villous, inner 2 oblong-oblanceolate, ca. 10 × 2.5 mm, glabrous; stamens 12; filaments fused at base; anthers ca.

1 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 5–10 mm; tepals similar to those of staminate flowers, but slightly smaller; ovary 3-loc-uled; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 3, ca.

2 mm, fused to halfway; stigmas lunate. Capsule pendulous, narrowly obovoid, ca. 6 × 5 mm,unequally 3-winged;abaxial wing triangular, ca.7 × 5 mm; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Sep–Oct.

Scrubby vegetation; ca. 800 m. Y unnan (Jinghong) [Thailand].

The type was collected from Thailand.

43.Begonia dryadis Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin-burgh 21: 41. 1951.

厚叶秋海棠 hou ye qiu hai tang

Herbs. Rhizomes short, stout, 8–24 mm in diam. Stems erect, to ca. 60 cm tall, densely puberulous when young. Leaves cauline; stipules caducous; petiole 18–42 cm, puberulous; blade ovate or broadly ovate, asymmetric, 9–30 × 7.5–24 cm, abaxi-ally sparsely puberulous, more densely so on veins, adaxially subglabrous, venation palmate, 6- or 7-veined, base obliquely cordate, margin remotely and indistinctly denticulate, apex cau-date. I nflorescences puberulous when young; peduncle 4–12 cm; bracts rhomboid-ovate, 1.5–1.9 cm × 4–18 mm, membra-nous, puberulous, apex acute. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.4–2.1 cm; tepals 4, pink, outer 2 narrowly ovate, 0.9–1.5 × 0.8–2 cm, abaxially puberulous,inner2oblong,8–15× 5–15 mm; stamens 100–160; filaments 1–6.7 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–2.5 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel ca. 1.8 cm; ovary puberu-lous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; tepals 5(or 6), larg-est one broadly ovate, 1.1–1.6 × 1.1–1.3 cm, abaxially puberu-lous, smallest one elliptic, 10–16 × 7–13 mm; styles 2, 5–6.3 mm, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm, unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing ca. 1.8 × 1.2 cm, apex rounded; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Nov–Dec, fr. Dec. 2n = 22*.

BEGONIACEAE 172

● Forest understories, by streams in valleys; 600–1200 m. S Y un-nan.

This species is similar to Begonia daweishanensis but can be dis-tinguished by its short, stout rhizome and the presence of cauline leaves.

44. Begonia duclouxii Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 198. 1919.

川边秋海棠 chuan bian qiu hai tang

Herbs. Rhizomes elongate, 5–7 mm in diam. Leaves basal; stipules oblong, 8–10 mm, apex shortly cuspidate; petiole (7–)8–14 cm, rusty villous; blade ovate, asymmetric, 6–8 × 5–6 cm, abaxially villous, adaxially hairy, hairs to 6 mm, venation palmate,5–7-veined,base deeply cordate,margin irregularly ser-rate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences 9–18 cm tall, glabrous; peduncle ca. 15 cm, glabrous; bracts oblong, cili-ate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.2–1.5 cm; tepals 4, outer 2 ovate-orbicular or broadly ovate, 11–15 × 8–12 mm, abaxially hairy, inner 2 oblong, 8–10 × 2.5–5 mm; stamens numerous; filaments 1–1.5 mm; anthers obovoid-ellipsoid,1–1.3 mm, apex emarginate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1–1.2 cm; ovary villous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; tepals 4 or 5, largest or-bicular or broadly ovate,7–10×7–8.5 mm,outside pilose, smallest oblong or obovate-oblong, 6–8 × 3–5 mm, glabrous; styles 2,free or fused to halfway; stigmas2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule unequally 3-winged. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.

● 1000–1400 m. NE Y unnan (Suijiang).

45. Begonia edulis H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 20. 1909.

食用秋海棠 shi yong qiu hai tang

Herbs, 40–60 cm tall. Rhizomes elongate, 8–15 mm in diam. Stems erect, glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 1.2–1.5 cm, membra-nous, glabrous, apex acuminate; petiole 15–25 cm, subglabrous; blade orbicular or oblate-orbicular, slightly asymmetric, 16–20 × 15–21 cm, abaxially subglabrous or sparsely hairy on veins, adaxially sparsely hairy when young, venation palmate, 6–8-veined, base cordate, margin remotely denticulate, shallowly lobed, divided to ca. 1/3 of leaf length; lobes broadly triangular, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 16–26 cm tall, subglabrous or glabrous; peduncle 4–15 cm. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.3–2.8 cm; tepals 4, glabrous, outer 2 ovate-triangular, 1.2–1.5 × 1.2–1.6 cm, inner 2 oblong, 11–15 × 7–10 mm; stamens 140–200; filaments 1.3–5.9 mm, fused at base; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.6 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm; tepals 5 or 6, glabrous, unequal, largest broadly obovate, 1.2–1.9 cm × 8–15 mm, smallest narrowly oblong, 11–20 × 5–14 mm; ovary gla-brous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bilamellate; styles 2, 4.7–5.9 mm; stigmas 2-cleft, spiraled. Capsule nodding, 1.5–1.8 cm; unequally 3-winged; abaxial wing oblong to falcate, 1–1.8 cm; lateral wings smaller. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Aug.

Forests; on shaded moist rocks or forest floor; 500–1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Y unnan [Vietnam].

This species is similar to Begonia palmata but differs by its gla-brous tepals and ovary. 46. Begonia emeiensis C. M. Hu ex C. Y. Wu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 273. 1995.

峨眉秋海棠 e mei qiu hai tang

Herbs, perennial. Rhizome terete, oblique, stout, with nu-merous slender fibrous roots. Stem short, 4(–20) cm tall or stemless. Basal leaf 1 similar to cauline ones, with long peti-ole; stipules caducous; petiole 17–27 cm, angular, glabrous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green or brown-green, ovate-oblong, 12–14 × 11–13 cm, abaxially subglabrous, adaxially subglabrous or sparsely hispidulous, palmately 6-veined, base deeply cordate, margin unequally shortly triangularly toothed (teeth apically awned), apex caudate-acuminate. Scape 13–20 cm tall, angular, glabrous; flowers pink, usually 2–4 in dichotomous cyme; peduncle 13–15 cm, angular, glabrous; pedicel (0.8–)2–3 cm, glabrous; bracts caducous. Staminate flower: tepals 4, outer 2 large, oblong, 1.3–1.8 × 0.8–1.5 cm, apex rounded; stamens numerous; filaments 2–2.5 mm, free; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Pistillate flower: tepals 5 or 6, unequal, variable in shape, outer 2 broadly obovate, 1.2–2.1 × 1–1.3 cm, apex rounded, innermost 1 obovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 × 5–6 mm, apex rounded; ovary oblong or obovoid, ca. 10 × 5 mm, glabrous, unequally 3-winged, 2-loculed, placentae bilamellate; styles 2, short; stigma branched, spirally tortuous and papillose all around. Mature fruit unknown. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.

● In shrubs by stream banks; 900–1000 m. Sichuan (Emei Shan).

This species is similar to Begonia dielsiana but differs by its ad-axially hispidulous leaf blade.

47. Begonia fangii Y. M. Shui & C. I Peng, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 46: 83. 2005.

方氏秋海棠 fang shi qiu hai tang

Herbs,rhizomatous.Rhizomes elongate,8–15mm in diam.; internodes to 8–15 cm, sparsely villous. Leaves palmately com-pound; stipules triangular to narrowly so, 12–15 × 9–12 mm; petiole 6–20 cm; leaflets 3–6, abaxially reddish brown, adax-ially dark green, lanceolate, 7–15 × 2.5–4.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially sericeous on veins, apex acuminate. I nflorescences axillary; peduncle to 22 cm, sparsely to moderately pubescent; bracts caducous, oblong to ovate, 8–13 × 6–9 mm, abaxially glabrous or subglabrous, apex acute to obtuse. Staminate flow-ers: tepals 4, pinkish, outer 2 broadly ovate to orbicular, 1.6–2.2 × 2–2.2 cm, abaxially pilose; inner 2 oblanceolate to obtrullate; stamens 25–55; filaments nearly free; anthers oblong, 1.5–1.7 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, pinkish, outer 2 broadly ovate to orbicular, 1.3–1.5 × 1.4–1.6 cm, abaxially pilose; inner tepal 8–10 × ca. 5 mm; ovary subglabrous, 1-loculed with parietal placentation; styles 3, fused at base. Capsule nodding, 12–15 × 6–7 mm, abaxial wing 4–6 × 12–15 mm. Fl. Dec–Apr, fr. Feb–Jun. 2n = 30*.

● On limestone rocks in forests; 400–700 m. Guangxi (Long-zhou).

This species resembles Begonia hemsleyana by the palmately compound leaves, but can be distinguished by the horizontal stem, pis-tillate flower with 3 tepals, 3 stigmas, 1-loculed ovary, and parietal pla-centae.

绿化种植工程施工技术方案

绿化种植工程施工技术方案 1.1种植工序流程 （1）种植工序 场地清理→土方回填→平整土地→定点放线→苗木栽植→花卉栽植→草坪及地被栽植。 （2）工序流程图（1-1） （3）对绿化种植工程的要求 植物栽植具有季节性，由于本年正值春季植树最佳时期，大多树木均适合时下栽植。 （4）种植时机的选择和对策 只要符合规范要求，操作规程正确，并注意养护管理，树木种植工作终年均可进行。但非季节移植会因土球过大，养护困难等而加大施工费用。所以在满足合同要求的前提下，选择合适的移树时间，对降低施工费用至关重要。 ①种植时机的选择 在原则上应选在树木休眠期，也就是晚秋或早春进行。最佳移植时间应在春季树液开始活动尚未发芽或刚要发芽时最佳。此时落叶树可以裸根栽植；常绿乔木松柏类7月份停止生长，正赶上雨季，也可以进行移植，如常绿乔木（如油松、白皮松、云杉、旱园竹等）和部分落叶乔木及灌木。 在深秋与初冬，乡土树种的落叶树树木开始落叶，地上部分处于休眠状态，而地下部分尚未完成停止活动。移植被切断的根系能进行愈合，给来年春季生长创造了有利条件，从而能提高移植的成活率，如国槐、元宝枫、臭椿及部分花灌木。故这时是移植落叶树的最佳时间。但对耐寒较差的树种，应尽量避免在冬季移植。 ②种植对策 裸根移植适用于秋末至次年春季落叶树，、土球移植适用于常绿树、干径15～25cm的大树移植及干径在15cm以下的非季节带冠移植。 在生长季节，树木处于生长旺盛状态，蒸发量大，此时移植成活率低，须采取较复杂的技术措施，如加大土球、加强修剪、遮荫等。 1.2土方工程

（1）清理现场 将施工现场内的建筑渣土、杂物、杂草清出现场，事先与市政、电讯、公用、交通有关部门配合好，为下一步的施工提供必要条件。 平整绿化用地园林绿地的地形堆筑完成后，还要进行精细整地，应使整个地形的坡面曲线流畅、保持排水通畅；对建筑弃土、砖石瓦块等杂物要清除，补充适宜生长的种植土。对一般土壤可采用原土过筛。 （2）土壤改良 种植土需进行试验室土壤检测，对不适宜树木生长的土壤进行改良。 种植土成分有：草炭土、山皮沙、有机肥等。 1.3苗木准备 (1)苗木选择 各种规格的施工用苗，应符合本工程所用苗木的规格和形状，且在北京市及周边地区定植三年以上，并经过移植过的苗木。苗木质量要求，应具备生长健壮、枝叶繁茂、冠形完整、色泽正常、根系发达、无病虫害、无机械损伤、无冻害等基本要求。

药用植物学

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料，不能施肥过多，否则会导致叶片徒长，影响开花。花前要施加适量的磷肥和钾肥，以提高开花品质。 在玻璃海棠整个生长期间就注意观赏叶片，来判断植株是否需肥，多施会使植株旺长，影响开花，适量的施肥可保持株型美观，花朵色艳，花形大。 春秋四海棠生长期需掌握薄肥勤施的原则，主要施腐熟无异味的有机薄肥水或无机肥浸泡液。在幼苗发棵期多施氮肥，促长枝叶;在现蕾开花期阶段多施磷肥，促使多孕育花蕾，花多又鲜艳，如果缺肥，四季海棠植株会枯萎，甚至死亡。 玻璃海棠花的养殖注意事项播种繁殖一般在3月下旬至4月盆播，播后1周发芽，适当间苗，苗高3厘米至4厘米移入盆径10厘米的盆内，叶片长到6片至8片时翻盆或定植露地。 扦插繁殖全年均可进行，但以春、秋季为最好，一般选取8-10 cm带顶梢的枝条，插于沙床内，保持湿润，约3周左右即可生根，也可进行水插，播种繁殖于4-5月在室内进行盆播，保持室温20℃，约1周左右即可生根，苗高3 cm左右时即可上盆。对于温度和光照的要求。海棠花喜阳，适宜在阳光充足的环境里生长，在阴凉的地方它会生长不良。家庭养殖的盆栽要特别注意，在它处于生长期的时候放在光线充足的地方照料。因为耐寒冷，所以冬天的时候几时是零下十五度海棠花还是可以生长的很好，不会受到冻害，可以放在室外越冬。不过在寒冷异常的时候，应该采取保护措施。 修剪应该在早春。海棠花在落叶后至早春萌芽前可以进行一次修剪，把枯弱枝、病虫枝剪除，以保持树冠疏散，通风透光。

药用植物学答案

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海棠花栽培与养护

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周总理夫妇十分酷爱海棠花他们在中南海西花厅的院内种植着海棠花。1954年周总理赴日内瓦开会此时家中的海棠花盛开。邓颖超同志剪下一只海棠花制成标本压在书中托人给周恩来捎去。周恩来看到邓颖超捎来的海棠花十分高兴。邓颖超同志十分喜爱西府海棠花每年中南海西花厅的西府海棠花盛开之际她总要派人给宋庆龄送去几枝风姿绰约的海棠花。 海棠花不仅花色艳丽其果实亦玲珑可观。至秋季果实成熟红黄相映高悬枝间恰似红灯点点别具风姿。若瑞雪纷飞庭院中有几株挂满红色小果的海棠花可为冬景增色不少。 2、生态习性 海棠花为蔷薇科苹果属小乔木枝干峭立树皮灰褐色叶互生椭圆形春季开花5~7多簇生伞形总状花序花瓣5片未开时红色开后逐渐变为粉红色。果实球状黄绿色。随着地区、种类不同其开花、结果期也有变化花期一般从2月下旬至5月上旬不等从始花到终花约10~12天果实成熟期一般在8月中、下旬至10月上、中旬。 海棠花喜阳光不耐阴对严寒的气候有较强的适应性其耐干旱力也很强喜在土层深厚、肥沃、H值为5.5~7.0、微酸性至中性的土壤中

药用植物学第3次作业20160503

A型题： 请从备选答案中选取一个最佳答案 1. 鸢尾科的果实类型是[1分] A.核果 B.浆果 C.蒴果 D.翅果 E.坚果 2. 木犀科的雄蕊数目是[1分] A.1枚 B.2枚 C.3枚 D.4枚 E.5枚 3. 不具子房下位的科[1分] A.马兜铃科 B.五加科 C.伞形科 D.茜草科 E.蓼科 4. 具有肉质茎、叶的科是[1分] A.景天科

B.蔷薇科 C.十字花科 D.唇形科 E.伞形科 5. 有辐射对称花的科是（1）马兜铃科（2）罂粟科（3）毛茛科（4）芍药科[1分] A.(1)+(2)+(3) B.(1)+(3) C.(2)+(4) D.(4) E.(1)+(2)+(3)+(4) 6. 花两侧对称的科是[1分] A.木兰科 B.桑科 C.百合科 D.忍冬科 E.茜草科 7. 花萼宿存，果时增大的科[1分] A.桔梗科 B.茄科 C.玄参科 D.百合科

E.锦葵科 8. 具肉穗花序及佛焰苞的科[1分] A.百合科 B.天南星科 C.五加科 D.蓼科 E.菊科 9. 具瓠果的科[1分] A.葫芦科 B.菊科 C.豆科 D.兰科 E.桔梗科 10. 伞形科的果实类型是（）[1分] A.胞果 B.双悬果 C.翅果 D.柑果 E.颖果 11. 具有轮伞花序的科是[1分] A.玄参科 B.五加科

C.伞形科 D.唇形科 E.百合科 12. 具特立中央胎座的植物是（1）桔梗科（2）百合科（3）芍药科（4）石竹科[1分] A.(1)+(2)+(3) B.(1)+(3) C.(2)+(4) D.(4) E.(1)+(2)+(3)+(4) 13. 根中常有同心环状异型维管束的科是[1分] A.苋科 B.蓼科 C.毛茛科 D.唇形科 E.伞形科 14. 豆科蝶形花亚科的特征是（1）雄蕊10枚，分离（2）雄蕊10枚，9枚联合（3）假蝶形花（4）蝶形花[1分] A.(1)+(2)+(3) B.(1)+(3) C.(2)+(4) D.(4) E.(1)+(2)+(3)+(4) 15. 具聚花果的科[1分]

[秋海棠的养殖方法] 秋海棠的扦插方法

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