英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分
Culture
Multiple Choice
1. All children in theUKmust, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.
A. 5, 16
B. 6,17
C. 7, 18
2. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or pa rallel classes.
A. grade
B. form
C. streams
3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.
A. state
B. independent
C. local
4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination woul
d go to _____ school.
A. grammar
B. technical
C. secondary modern
5.OxfordandCambridgeare the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.
A. 1167, 1284
B. 1234,1325
C. 1335, 1427
6. There are over _____ universities inBritain.
A. thirty
B. forty
C. fifty
7. The two features ofOxfordandCambridgeare the college system and the _____.
A. records of attendance
B. governing council
C. tutorial system
8. The universities of St. Andrews,Glasgow,AberdeenandEdinburghare called the four _____ universities.
A. old
B. new
C. Scottish
9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.
A. open
B. new
C. middle aged
10.BuckinghamUniversityis and _____ university which was established in 1973.
A. independent
B. open
C. old
11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.
A. London
B. the Fleet Street
C. Manchester
12. InBritaingreat majority of children attend _____ schools.
A. state
B. independent
C. religious
13. InBritaineducation at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.
A. optional
B. compulsory
C. self-taught
14. The oldest university inBritainis _____.
A.Cambridge
B. Edinburgh
C. Oxford
15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.
A. freedom of speech
B. fast delivery
C. monoplied by one of the five large organization
D. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive
16. The earliest newspaper inBritainis _____.
A. Daily Mail
B. Daily Telegraphs
C. The Times
D. Guardian
17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper inBritain.
A. Sunday Times
B. The Observer
C. The people
D. News of the World
18. The most humorous magazine is _____.
A. New Society
B. Private Eye
C. Punch
D. Spectator
19. In theUKthere are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.
A. 130, 1000
B. 200,800
C. 160, 1200
20. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.
A. nine
B. seven
C. eight
21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.
A. Liberal Party
B. Labour Party
C. Conservative Party
22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.
A. journals
B. daily newspapers
C. local papers
23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public co rporation.
A. 1922, 1927
B. 1292,1297
C. 1822, 1827
24. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.
A. public
B. governmental
C. local
D. private
25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.
A. payment from all people who possess TV sets
B. the income from advertisements
C. some large corporations
D. British government
26. The most famous broadcasting company inBritainis _____.
A. British Broadcasting Corporation
B. Independent Broadcasting Authority
C. Reuters
27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.
A. 1518
B.1815
C. 1851
28. The new he adquarters’ building of _____ is at85 Fleet Street,London.
A. BBC
B. the Press Association Ltd.
C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.
29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.
A. Cricket
B. Soccer
C. Rugger
30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance inBritain.
A. Rugby football
B. Association football
C. Baseball
31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.
A. Association football
B. Baseball
C. Cricket
32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, inLondon, are the most famous in the world.
A. hockey
B. tennis
C. netball
33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.
A. Horse
B. Boat
C. Dog
34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.
A.London
B. Edinburgh
C. Liverpool
35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought inBritain.
A. Francis Bacon
B. Thomas Newcomer
C. James Watt
36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.
A. Francis Glisson
B. William Harvey
C. George Stephenson
37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.
A.London, 1660
B. Liverpool,1660
C.London, 1760
38. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ bec ame its president.
A. Robert Boyle
B. Issae Newton
C. Francis Bacon
39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.
A. Irish
B. Scottish
C. English
40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.
A. JohnDalton
B. Francis Glisson
C. Robert Boyle
41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.
A. Francis Bacon
B. William Harvey
C. Humphy Davy
42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.
A. evolution
B. immunology
C. virology
43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
B. John Milton
C. John Donne
44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.
A. Benjamin Franklin
B. Sir Benjamin Hall
C. the 315-foot Clock Tower
45. The British Museum was founded in _____.
A. 1659
B.1763
C. 1753
46. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of
25 trustees.
A. Government
B. individual
C. local
47. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____.
A. Great Russell
B. Hyde Park
C. Westminster Abbey
48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church inLondon.
A. Whitehall
B. St. Paul’s Cathedral
C. Westminster Abbey
49. _____ is the monarch’s presentLondonhome.
A.WestminsterPalace
B. Buckingham Palace
C.WhitehallPalace
50. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.
A. William Shakespeare
B. Charles Dickens
C. Samuel Butler
Fill in the Blanks
1. There are two systems of primary and secondary education inBritain. They are th
e _____ school and the _____ school.
2. The independent school or “_____” school is few in number but of great influenc
e.
3. The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the _____ school s, comprehensive secondary schools, _____ schools and secondary modern schools.
4. For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of ____ _.
5. There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _____ and t he _____.
6. Under the old selective system, children took an examination called the _____ __ ___ in their last year at a primary school. The results of this examination determine
d th
e secondary education a pupil would receive.
7. The oldest schools inUKare _____ schools.
8. _____ _____ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not sep arated by the criterion of academic ability.
9. At _____ or _____ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of th
e General Certificate o
f Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.
10. At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of the Gen eral Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.
11. _____ schools are often attached to polytechnics.
12. The four famous school:EtonCollege,HarrowSchool,WinchesterCollegeandRugbySch oolare never referred to as colleges but _____ schools.
13. The public schools emphasize two factors in education. One is the study of clas sics and science, the other is the development of what is called “_____”.
14. The old universities inBritainrefer to _____ and _____.
15. The five types of universities are the two _____ universities, the four _____ uni versities, the middle-aged universities, the new universities an the Open university a nd the one _____ university.
16.Oxfordgot started in the _____ century. It has _____ colleges.
17. There are about _____ students inOxfordandCambridgerespectively.
18. The University ofLondonis a type of _____ university.
19. There are three academic degrees inBritain, the _____, _____ and _____ degre es.
20. A class in a state school is often called a “_____”, never a “grade”.
21. Almost all the national papers are published in the city of _____.
22. The _____ _____ is the national centre of the press in theUK.
23. The most famous broadcasting company is _____ _____ _____.
24. The most well-known news agency is _____.
25. The second oldest university inBritainis _____.
26. The Independent Broadcasting Authority gets its money from _____.
27. You’ll find all BBC’s programmes in the magazine _____ _____.
28. In 1851 Reuters was founded in _____.
29. _____ is regarded as the most English games.
30.Schoolboys usually play rugger or _____ in winter, _____ in summer.
31. Schools girls usually play tennis and _____ in summer and netball and _____ in winter.
32. Netball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _____.
33. The _____ _____ founded inLondonin 1660 is one of the most prestigious scien tific bodies in the world.
34. Issae Newton held the president of the Royal Society for _____ years.
35. The famous book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was written by _____ _____.
36. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.
37. _____ _____, an English physician, discovered the vaccine for preventing smallp ox and pioneered the sciences of immunology and virology.
38. The miner’s safety lamp was nicknamed _____ Lamp.
39. Charles Robert Darwin published his book On the _____ _____ _____ which ca used a stir in Victorian times.
40. Oscar Wilder was an aesthete advocating “_____ _____ _____ _____”.
41. The seat of the British Houses of Parliament is _____ _____.
42. “Big Ben” was named after Sir _____ _____.
43. The place where many famous figures are buried is called _____ _____.
44. Karl Marx once came to study and work in the British Museum Library and Com pleted most of his famous book _____ there.
45._____Parkin t he Centre of London is one of the World’s most famous city parks.
46. The _____ of _____ was a state prison from Norman times.
47. _____ is a most important street where some of the most important offices are located.
48. The people can visit 300 life-size wax figures in _____ _____.
Explain the Following Term
1. BBC
2. The Open University
Answer the Following Questions
1.What do you know about the difference between a quality paper and a popular p aper inBritain?
英美概况自测题（三）英国文化部分答案
Part III
I. ACBAA BCDAA CABCD CBCCD CAACA ACBAB
ABACA BABBA CAACC ABCBA
I. State, Independent public grammar, technical l11 selective, comprehensiv e eleven plus grammar Comprehensive secondary 15, 16 Advanced Level T echnical public character Oxford, Cambridge old, Scottish, independent 12th, 28 12000 middle-aged Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s form London Fleet St reet British Broadcasting Corporation Reuters Cambridge advertising Radio Ti mes London Cricket soccer, cricket rounders, hockey basketball, baseball R oyal Society 23 Issae Newton Scottish Edward Tanner Davy Origin of Sp ecies art for art’s sake Westminster Palace Benjamin Hall Westminster Abb ey Capital Hyde Tower, London Whitehall Madame Tussaud’s
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
My feelings for the class of survey of Britain In terms of this class, I have gained a general understanding of the British society from the exploration into every corner , which is ranging from rel- igion, education, architecture, holidays and so on. This broadens my visi- on to a much larger extent. Generally speaking, they can be summarized as follows: First of all, a preliminary social scene has been shown to us during the class. The UK is a great nation all around the world and people speaking native English must have something different from us Chinese. Classmat- es from different majors have shown me the Britain society from their own view, which I think is very interesting. For example , someone gave his lecture by the way of listing lots of pictures. The moment was watc- hing the pictures I got a lot of information, besides , it seems not very boring. Secondly, it is《The Rise of Great Powers》.This is the twice I have wat- ched this documentary. While, I regard it as a reflection of the history of the Britain . It is also a showcase of the Empire of the Sun and a brainst- orm to me. Someone maybe whisperd, we China also does have a history as brilliant as Britain. However, from a foreigner’s view , it is fresh enoug- h and exciting enough.Perhaps, we may get lots of lessons from Britain. Finally, the teaching form is novel and lively. During my showtime, I am the reporter of the class. People sitting in the classroom are all listeners
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府 威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府 北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府 伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。 The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。 议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。 玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革： Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。 亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。 文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。 英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。 王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后，儿子Richard 继位，但是统治失败，议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。 光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室（William of Orange橘子？英国的名字真搞笑），用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案，英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。 辉格党和托利党（Whigs and Tories） 两党名称来自光荣革命，辉格党就是后来的Liberal party，托利党是Conservative party
该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。 另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中，但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，
英美概况（英国篇5:大英帝国的兴衰 ) I. Whigs and Tories 辉格党人和托利党人 These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688). 这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。 The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party. 辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。辉格党人在 19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。 The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. 托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。托利党是保守党的前身。 I. Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century 18世纪末的农业革命 During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the "open-field" system ended when the Enclosure Act was passed. The movement lasted for centuries. Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results: 18世纪末、19世纪初的农业革命期间，随着《圈地法》的颁布，传统的"开放田地"制结束。圈地运动持续了将近一个多世纪。农业圈地运动的利弊共存： （1） Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; 由于大农场兼并了小农场，农场成为越来越在的生产单位； （2） More vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; 人们消费的蔬菜，牛奶及奶制品越来越多，饮食种类愈加丰富； （3） Enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. These peasant farmers were forced to look for work in towns. Enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; 圈地对佃家而言是场灾难，他们被赶出土地，被迫到城镇找工作。圈地运动导致了大规模的移民，尤其是移民至新大陆。 （4） A new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. 农村关系中产生了新的阶级对立。 II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830) 工业革命（1780-1830） 1．The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 工业革命指的是17世纪末、18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。
填空题 Chapter 1 1.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts. 4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable. Chapter 2 1.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, when
期末考试 一、单项选择题 1. The UK is bordered on the _____ by the English Channel. A. east B. west C. north D. south 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK), 2. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called _____. A. the Straits of Dover B. Chunnel C. Strait of Gibraltar D. Marroqui 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK),
3. The UK has a _____ climate. A. arid climates B. semi-humid C. continental D. maritime 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK has a maritime climate.参见教材P88。本题知识点：Climate(UK), 4. The UK is an island country which lies between latitude _____ north. A. 50° to 60° B. 30° to 40° C. 40° to 50° D. 60° to 70° 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The UK is an island country which lies between latitude 50° to 60° north.参见教材P88。 本题知识点：Climate(UK), 5. The UK has a _____ throughout the whole year.
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
1.Off the coast of mainland Western Europe lie two islands called the British Isles of which the big one is the island of ___ , or ___ , and the small one is the island of __ . 2.Britainis divided into three par ts: ___ . and . 3.LondonGMT is s hort for, which i s the time o n the line o f __ (deg r ee) longitu de, which pa sses through ____ , a d istrict of s outheast, u sed as a bas is for calcu lati ng time throughout t he world in d iff ere nt ti me zon es. 4.United KingdomThe national fl ag of thei s also calle d ____ or __ . 5.Englandwas once conquer ed by , ____ z and . 6.EnglandOf the fou r nations,feel mo st British,is the most confid ent of its o wn identity’and__ i s most clos ely related to. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html,Monetary unit of is __ . https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html, , __ , and are majo r industries in. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html, __ , ___ , and __ a re major tr ading partne rs of. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html,is k nown as"； due to its decline s in economy . 11.National Ho liday of UK is ___ ? 12.and weakened the European monarchies,and introdu ced the age of con stitut ional mon arc hy, a mon arc hy with powe rs limited b y Parliame nt ? 13?UKThree major national pa rties of ar e ___ , and . 14. Depe nding on the rela tive st re ngt hs of the pa rties in the House of Co mmons, the 0 pposition ma y try to ove rthrow the G overnment by defeating i t on a vote. 25.The Prime Minis ter's offici al reside nee is ______ ,which is the symbol of t he British G overnment. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html,In , Ministers are appoint ed by the Qu een on the r ecommendatio n of __ ? 17.EnglandAs the langu age of, Eng lish is a la nguage belon ging to the branchofthe family. 18.S tandard Engl ish is vario usly known a s ___ …__ a nd ___ or __ . https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html, and are very p opular Chris tian festiva Is in. 20. a system n ow in gen era I use of arr an ging the m on ths in the year and th e days in th e mon th, int roduced by P ope Gregory X III (1502-85). 21.The only re ally importa nt patriotic festival is ____ on w hich __ are remember ed in specia I church ser vices and ci vicceremoni es. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html,The popul ation ofis nearly million. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html, , and __ are the main language us ed in. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca10573786.html, is nationa I nickname o f. 25?The Engli sh have a mi xed cultural heritage co mbining , ____ 〃and element s. 26.The Englis h have many differences in regional speech. The Chief divisi on is betwee n _ and __ . 27.WalesThe ancestors of the Welsh w ere _________ ,who escaped to the wild mountains of form the i n vadi ng Angl es and Sax on s. 28.Today abou t_____ % of the Welsh p opulation st ill speak We Ish as their first Iangu age and abou t ______ % of the Welsh p eople speak only Welsh,and
Small Island，Big world As it is a fact that England has been a big country in the world for a long period,not only on the land ,but also on the sea.The British Empire was the largest country at that time,which occupied about 33 million square kilometers,taken up one fifth of the world’s total dry land and about 135 tomes as large as Great Britain.It ruled over a population of 560 million,which was more than ten times as large as that of Britain.It was called an empire “on which the sun never set”.Because on almost all the continents of the world Britain had its colonies that kept the sun can be seen on the sky all the time. Britain’s Overseas Expansion British overseas expansion was clearly part of an older tradition of European empire building.They traced this back to classical Greece and Rome,Spanish and Portuguese expansion following Columbus’ voyage to the new world. Britain’s overseas expansion was begin with several battles against Spanish during Elizabeth ’era.Elizabeth avoided open hostility with Spain,but she secretly encouraged English seadogs to raid Spanish colonies and plunder the Spanish ships that were returning back home to Spain.At first,the Spanish king did not know that Britain was their most dangerous rival or Elizabeth’s intention until Spanish king Philip was at the helm of the state.So ,in 1588,the king dispatched a fleet of 130 vessels which named “the Invincible Fleet ”to England.The fleet sailed up the English Channel and a large naval battle out.The English battleships threw their enemies into panic with fire ships.The badly battered the Spanish’s fleet fled to northward in confusion.Caught in a storm ,many of the Spanish warships died and only half of them survived and went back to Spain,never dare to come to England again. The lost of the war made Spain lose its lead position on the sea,while ,on the other hand,Britian could take over Spanish power became the leader.The victory not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion as a colonizing nation.What’s more,British overseas expansion helped the state gather many property for this empire’s construction. British Foreign Expansion In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,Britain experience the Industrial Revolution.It is a big event for all the British.During the Industrial Revolution,a varity of chater companies were the tentacles and they spearheaded the foreign expansion and colonization.These companies,such as the East India Company,had the right to use the English Navy.Charter companies would first force a foreign country to open its market,then they would control the market and establish the British sphere of influence.If the British had occupied the land,the natives would have to leave their land or controlled by them.At the same,as a result of the Industrial Revolution,the empire was quite eager for raw material and expanding its foreign market.So the Britain began to expand its colonies all over the world. The expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland,soon,many continents had became British colonies. In Asia,the East India company was founded in 1600.At first,it traced with India through a few trading posts it had managed to secure on the coast and the southern tip of the peninsula.They also managed to edge out the French and Portuguese colonists who had also come for conquest.By 1819 the British conquest of India was almost complete.The British aggression caused anger