ukculture英美概况英国文化类

英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。

这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。

下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。

一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。

英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。

英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。

2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。

美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。

3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。

英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。

二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。

英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。

20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。

2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。

美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。

20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。

3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。

美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。

三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。

英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。

2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。

英美国家文化概况（中英文对照）-英国英国文化概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。

2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。

4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。

(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

British culture is a rich tapestry woven from the history,traditions,and influences of the United Kingdom.Here are some key aspects of British culture that can be explored in an essay:1.Historical Influences:The culture of the UK has been shaped by its long history,from the Roman and Viking invasions to the Norman Conquest and the Industrial Revolution. Each period has left its mark on the countrys language,architecture,and social norms.2.Literature:The UK is home to some of the worlds most renowned authors,including William Shakespeare,Jane Austen,Charles Dickens,and J.K.Rowling.British literature is celebrated for its depth,wit,and influence on the English language.3.Music:British music has had a significant impact on the global music scene,with genres ranging from classical to pop,rock,and punk.The Beatles,The Rolling Stones, and Queen are just a few examples of British bands that have left an indelible mark on music history.4.Art and Architecture:British art has a long and varied history,from the PreRaphaelite movement to contemporary artists like Damien Hirst.The UKs architecture is equally diverse,with iconic structures like the Tower of London,Buckingham Palace,and the Houses of Parliament.5.Cuisine:British cuisine is known for its hearty dishes such as fish and chips,roast dinners,and full English breakfasts.However,the UK is also a melting pot of culinary influences,with a wide range of international cuisines available in its cities.6.Tea Culture:Tea is an integral part of British culture,with the traditional afternoon tea being a social institution.The ritual of making and drinking tea is a symbol of hospitality and comfort.7.Sports:Sports play a significant role in British culture,with football soccer being the most popular.Other sports like cricket,rugby,and tennis also have a strong following.cation:The UK is renowned for its prestigious universities,such as Oxford and Cambridge,which have produced many notable scholars and leaders.9.Monarchy and Tradition:The British monarchy is a symbol of continuity and tradition. Ceremonies and events related to the royal family,such as the Changing of the Guard and royal weddings,are significant cultural events.10.Festivals and Celebrations:British culture is marked by various festivals and celebrations,such as Guy Fawkes Night,St.Patricks Day,and the Edinburgh Festival, which showcase the countrys diversity and creativity.11.Humor:British humor is known for its wit,sarcasm,and selfdeprecation.It is a significant part of the countrys cultural identity and can be seen in television shows, standup comedy,and everyday conversation.12.Fashion:London is a global fashion capital,hosting Fashion Week and being home to numerous designers and fashion houses.British fashion is known for its innovation and influence on global trends.13.Cinema and Theatre:British cinema has produced many critically acclaimed films and directors.The UK also has a rich tradition of theatre,with the West End of London being one of the worlds major theatre hubs.14.Public Houses Pubs:Pubs are central to British social life,serving as meeting places for friends and family to enjoy drinks,food,and conversation.15.National Identity and Diversity:The UK is a nation of diverse cultures and identities, with a strong sense of community and local pride.This diversity is reflected in the countrys cultural expressions and celebrations.In an essay about British culture,one could delve into any of these topics,exploring their significance and impact on the countrys identity and global influence.。

ukculture英美概况英国文化类英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分CultureMultiple Choice1. All children in theUKmust, by law, r eceive a full-time education from the a ge of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6,17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “____ _” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the categor y of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examinatio n would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondar y modern5.OxfordandCambridgeare the oldest u niversities dating from _____ and ___ __.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234,1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features ofOxfordandCambr idgeare the college system and the __ ___.A. records of attendanceB. governin g councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews,Glas gow,AberdeenandEdinburghare called t he four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channe ls and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10.BuckinghamUniversityis and _____ university which was established in 19 73.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British pr ess is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manc hester12. InBritaingreat majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. InBritaineducation at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-tau ght14. The oldest university inBritainis __ ___.A.CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the foll owing features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newsp apers to survive16. The earliest newspaper inBritainis _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. Th e TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newsp aper inBritain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the Worl d18. The most humorous magazine is _ ____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. Pun chD. Spectator19. In theUKthere are about _____ dai lies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200,800C. 160, 120 020. There are _____ national daily ne wspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday T elegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Co nservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Sp ectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. loc al papers23. BBC was founded in _____ and ch artered in _____ as an independent pu blic corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292,1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. isa _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by ___ __.A. payment from all people who posse ss TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting co mpany inBritainis _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B.1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at85 Fleet Street,London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most En glish of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance inBritain.A. Rugby footballB. Association foo tballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships a t Wimbledon, inLondon, are the most f amous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting s port.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing take s up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplec hase at _____ in March.A.LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutioni zed scientific thought inBritain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas Newco merC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A.London, 1660B. Liverpool,1660C.Lo ndon, 176038. The Royal Society reached the sum mit of its prestige in 1703, when ____ _ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. F rancis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ en gineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. JohnDaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Ro bert Boyle41. The minor’s safety lamp was inven ted by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed t he theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virolo gy43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower45. The British Museum was founded i n _____.A. 1659B.1763C. 175346. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a bo ard of 25 trustees.A. GovernmentB. individualC. local47. You could find the world-famous S peakers’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Wes tminster Abbey48. _____ is the biggest and most wel l-known church inLondon.A. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey49. _____ is the monarch’s presentLon donhome.A.WestminsterPalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC.WhitehallPalace50. Stratford-on-Avon is the place whe re _____ was born in 1564.A. William ShakespeareB. Charles Di ckensC. Samuel ButlerFill in the Blanks1. There are two systems of primary a nd secondary education inBritain. They are the _____ school and the _____ school.2. The independ ent school or “_____” school is few in number but of great i nfluence.3. The four types of state schools in t he secondary education are the _____ schools, comprehensive secondary sch ools, _____ schools and secondary mo dern schools.4. For all children in state schools, sec ondary education begins at the age of _____.5. There are two systems for secondar y education in state schools, the ____ _ and the _____.6. Under the old selective system, chil dren took an examination called the _ ____ _____ in their last year at a pri mary school. The results of this exami nation determined the secondary educ ation a pupil would receive.7. The oldest schools inUKare _____ s chools.8. _____ _____ schools were establish ed before 1960, in which pupils were not separated by the criterion of acade mic ability.9. At _____ or _____ pupils take an e xamination, either at the Ordinary Lev el of the General Certificate of Educati on or the Certificate of Secondary Edu cation.10. At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of th e General Certificate of Education or t he Certificate of Secondary Education.11. _____ schools are often attached t o polytechnics.12. The four famous school:EtonColleg e,HarrowSchool,WinchesterCollegeandR ugbySchoolare never referred to as col leges but _____ schools.13. The public schools emphasize two factors in education. One is the study of classics and science, the other is th e development of what is called “____ _”.14. The old universities inBritainrefer t o _____ and _____.15. The five types of universities are t he two _____ universities, the four __ ___ universities, the middle-aged unive rsities, the new universities an the Op en university and the one _____ unive rsity.16.Oxfordgot started in the _____ cent ury. It has _____ colleges.17. There are about _____ students in OxfordandCambridgerespectively.18. The University ofLondonis a type of _____ university.19. There are three academic degrees inBritain, the _____, _____ and _____ degrees.20. A class in a state school is often c alled a “_____”, never a “grade”.21. Almost all the national papers are published in the city of _____.22. The _____ _____ is the national c entre of the press in theUK.23. The most famous broadcasting co mpany is _____ _____ _____.24. The most well-known news agency is _____.25. The second oldest university inBrit ainis _____.26. The Independent Broadcasting Aut hority gets its money from _____.27. You’ll find all BBC’s programmes in the magazine _____ _____.28. In 1851 Reuters was founded in _ ____.29. _____ is regarded as the most En glish games.30.Schoolboys usually play rugger or _ ____ in winter, _____ in summer.31. Schools girls usually play tennis and _____ in summer and netball and _ ____ in winter.32. Netball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _____.33. The _____ _____ founded inLondo nin 1660 is one of the most prestigiou s scientific bodies in the world.34. Issae Newton held the president of the Royal Society for _____ years.35. The famous book Mathematical Pri nciples of Natural Philosophy was writt en by _____ _____.36. James Watt was a great _____ en gineer and inventor.37. _____ _____, an English physician, discovered the vaccine for preventing smallpox and pioneered the sciences o f immunology and virology.38. The miner’s safety lamp was nickn amed _____ Lamp.39. Charles Robert Darwin published hi s book On the _____ _____ _____ wh ich caused a stir in Victorian times.40. Oscar Wilder was an aesthete advo cating “_____ _____ _____ _____”.41. The seat of the British Houses of Parliament is _____ _____.42. “Big Ben” was named after Sir ___ __ _____.43. The place where many famous figu res are buried is called _____ _____.44. Karl Marx once came to study and work in the British Museum Library a nd Completed most of his famous boo k _____ there.45._____Parkin the Centre of London i s one of the World’s most famous city parks.46. The _____ of _____ was a state p rison from Norman times.47. _____ is a most important street where some of the most important offi ces are located.48. The people can visit 300 life-size wax figures in _____ _____.Explain the Following Term1. BBC2. The Open UniversityAnswer the Following Questions1.What do you know about the differe nce between a quality paper and a po pular paper inBritain?英美概况自测题（三）英国文化部分答案Part IIII. ACBAA BCDAA CABCD CBCCD CA ACA ACBABABACA BABBA CAACC ABCBAI. State, Independent public gramm ar, technical l11 selective, comprehe nsive eleven plus grammar Compreh ensive secondary 15, 16 Advanced L evel Technical public character Oxford, Cambridge old, Scottish, independent 12th, 28 12000 middle-ag ed Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s for m London Fleet Street British Bro adcasting Corporation Reuters Cambri dge advertising Radio Times Lond on Cricket soccer, cricket rounders, hockey basketball, baseball Royal Society 23 Issae Newton Scottish Edward Tanner Davy Origin of Species art for art’s sake Westmins ter Palace Benjamin Hall Westmin ster Abbey Capital Hyde Tower, L ondon Whitehall Madame Tussaud’s。