研究生英语选择练习题(附答案)

考研英语学科试题及答案一、选择题（共20分，每题2分）1. The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was ______.A. because he was illB. that he was illC. he was illD. being ill答案：B2. ______ the book is well worth reading.A. ThatB. WhatC. ItD. As答案：C3. The teacher told us _______.A. the earth moves around the sunB. how the earth moves around the sunC. the earth moves how around the sunD. the earth how moves around the sun答案：A4. She is ______ a good teacher as she is a kind mother.A. soB. asC. suchD. not only答案：B5. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. There答案：A二、阅读理解（共40分，每篇10分）Passage 1The passage discusses the importance of environmental protection. It mentions that pollution has become a global issue, and everyone should take action to protect the environment.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Pollution is a local issue.B. Environmental protection is everyone's responsibility.C. Pollution is a natural phenomenon.D. Environmental protection is unnecessary.答案：B7. According to the passage, what should we do to protect theenvironment?A. Do nothing.B. Take action.C. Ignore the issue.D. Leave it to the government.答案：BPassage 2The passage describes the process of scientific research and emphasizes the importance of collaboration and communication among researchers.8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The process of scientific research.B. The importance of collaboration.C. The role of communication.D. Both B and C.答案：D9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element in scientific research?A. Experimentation.B. Collaboration.C. Communication.D. Isolation.答案：D三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the following passage, there are 10 blanks. For each blank, choose the best word from the four options provided.10. The ______ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.A. implementationB. executionC. operationD. performance答案：A11. The ______ of the company has been growing steadily.A. revenueB. incomeC. profitD. salary答案：A12. She is very ______ in her approach to work.A. meticulousB. casualC. carelessD. lazy答案：A13. The ______ of the new product was a great success.A. launchB. releaseC. introductionD. debut答案：C14. The ______ of the old building was approved by the city council.A. renovationB. constructionC. destructionD. restoration答案：A15. The ______ of the company is expected to increase by 10% this year.A. outputB. productionC. yieldD. outcome答案：A16. The ______ of the experiment was surprising to everyone.A. resultB. consequenceC. effectD. impact答案：A17. The ______ of the meeting was to discuss the budget.A. purposeB. goalC. objectiveD. target答案：A18. The ______ of the book was very engaging.A. contentB. contextC. plotD. storyline答案：C19. The ______ of the company is to provide high-quality products.A. missionB. visionC. aimD. goal答案：A20. The ______ of the project exceeded the initial estimates.A. costB. expenseC. priceD. fee答案：A四、翻译题（共20分，每题10分）21. 请将以下句子翻译成英文。

研究生英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ on the first day of next month.A. effectB. effortC. affectD. afford答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work is still_______.A. in progressB. in processC. in prospectD. in prospect答案：A3. She _______ the letter without reading it and threw it into the dustbin.A. glanced atB. looked overC. glanced throughD. looked up答案：C4. The professor gave a lecture on the _______ of the novel.A. significanceB. similarityC. similarityD. simplicity答案：A5. The company has _______ its employees to work from home due to the pandemic.A. enforcedB. encouragedC. requiredD. prohibited答案：B二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答后面的问题。

Passage 1In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has gained popularity. A smart city is one that uses information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs, resource consumption, and to improve the competitiveness of the city. The implementation of smart city technology can lead to a more efficient use of resources, better traffic management, and improved public safety.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The definition of a smart city.B. The benefits of smart city technology.C. The popularity of smart city technology.D. The implementation of smart city technology.答案：A7. According to the passage, what are the outcomes of implementing smart city technology?A. Reduced costs and resource consumption.B. Improved public safety.C. Enhanced quality of urban services.D. All of the above.答案：DPassage 2The traditional classroom is being transformed by the use of technology. Interactive whiteboards, tablets, and laptops are now common in classrooms, allowing for a more dynamic and engaging learning experience. Teachers can use these tools to present information in various formats, such as text, images, and videos, and students can interact with the content inreal time.8. What is the passage mainly about?A. The transformation of traditional classrooms.B. The use of technology in classrooms.C. The benefits of interactive whiteboards.D. The presentation of information in various formats.答案：B9. What can teachers do with the use of technology in classrooms?A. Present information in various formats.B. Make the classroom more dynamic.C. Engage students in real time.D. Both A and C.答案：D三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1、Which of the following is NOT a type of conditional sentence in English grammar?A. Zero conditionalB. First conditionalC. Second conditionalD. Absolute conditional (答案：D)2、In academic writing, which verb tense is typically used to describe actions or states that are generally true or always happening?A. Present simpleB. Past simpleC. Present continuousD. Future perfect (答案：A)3、Which phrase is used to express contrast between two ideas in a sentence?A. In spite ofB. Because ofC. Due toD. As a result of (答案：A)4、What is the purpose of a thesis statement in a research paper?A. To summarize the entire paperB. To provide background informationC. To state the main argument or point of the paperD. To list the sources used in the paper (答案：C)5、Which of the following is an example of a transitive verb?A. SleepB. ArriveC. WriteD. Laugh (答案：C)6、In a formal email, which of the following greetings is appropriate?A. Hey there!B. Hi,C. Dear [Recipient's Name],D. Yo! (答案：C)7、Which pronoun is used to refer to a non-specific person or thing, often used in general statements?A. OneB. TheyC. ItD. You (答案：A)8、Which of the following is a common mistake in sentence structure known as a "dangling modifier"?A. Walking to the park, the flowers were beautiful.B. After finishing her homework, she watched a movie.C. Seen from the top of the mountain, the view was breathtaking.D. Driving carefully, the car reached its destination. (答案：A)。

研究生试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. FactD. Factoid2. In the sentence "She is adept at playing the piano," the word "adept" means:A. SkilledB. ClumsyC. IndifferentD. Inexperienced3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a narrative?A. Chronological orderB. Subjective interpretationC. Detailed descriptionD. Linear progression4. The phrase "to break the ice" is used to describe:A. Initiating a conversationB. Cooling a drinkC. Freezing a lakeD. Shattering a mirror5. The term "symbiosis" refers to a relationship between two organisms that is:A. Mutually beneficialB. CompetitiveC. ParasiticD. Predation6. The word "altruism" is associated with:A. SelfishnessB. GenerosityC. GreedD. Envy7. In the context of literature, "allegory" is a figure of speech that:A. Compares two things directlyB. Uses symbolism to represent abstract ideasC. Describes a real eventD. Provides a literal translation8. The phrase "to go the extra mile" means to:A. Travel an additional distanceB. Exceed expectationsC. Take a breakD. Avoid a task9. The word "pragmatic" is often used to describe someone who is:A. IdealisticB. Practical and realisticC. EmotionalD. Dogmatic10. In the sentence "The company is going to scale back its operations," the term "scale back" means:A. ExpandB. ReduceC. RelocateD. Reorganize二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The opposite of "optimistic" is __________.12. "Ecology" is the branch of biology concerned with the relationships between __________ and their environments.13. The word "paradox" refers to a statement that despite sounding reasonable leads to a conclusion that seems__________.14. "Democracy" is a system of government where __________ have the authority to choose their governing legislation. 15. "Empathy" is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, which is the opposite of __________. 16. "Eloquence" is the quality of expressing oneself fluently and __________.17. "Hypocrisy" is the practice of claiming to have__________ or moral standards that one does not actually possess.18. "Inertia" in physics refers to the property of matter by which it remains at rest or in __________ motion unless acted upon by an external force.19. "Juxtaposition" is the act of placing two or more elements, subjects, or __________ close together or side byside.20. "Kaleidoscope" is an optical instrument that produces symmetrical patterns of __________ colors.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In recent years, the concept of a "green economy" has gained traction globally. It is an economic system aimed at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. The green economy seeks to improve human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing the environmental pressures of cities, industry, and agriculture. It is not simply about planting more trees or recycling; it encompasses a fundamental shift in the way we produce and consume goods and services.Questions:21. What is the primary goal of a green economy?A. Reducing environmental risksB. Improving social equityC. Enhancing human well-beingD. All of the above22. According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic ofa green economy?A. Planting more treesB. Reducing ecological scarcitiesC. Fundamental shift in production and consumptionD. Recycling23. The term "green economy" is associated with which of the following?A. Economic growth at any costB. Environmental sustainabilityC. Ignoring social equityD. Unregulated industrial expansion24. What does the passage suggest about the scope of a green economy?A. It is limited to urban areasB. It applies to cities, industry, and agricultureC. It is only concerned with individual consumer choices。

2024年研究生考试-考研-考研英语一考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共20题)1._______ the movie I would have finished my paper last Sunday.A.In spite ofB. But forC.Because ofD. As for2.It is useful to science _______ the earth as an object in space.A.to considerB.which considersC.considersD.the consideration of3.The address book ________ the email addresses of your friends or groups of colleagues.A.makes it easy to recallB.makes it easy recallC.makes easy to recallD.makes recall it easy4.We were told that Sue would be ideal for the job, but she ________ badly when we talked to her.A. came acrossB.fell outC.looked toD.brought upmandB.convictionC.consentD. compromise6.It was three British sportsmen who ________ banned drugs.A.were catching takingB.caught to takeC.caught in takingD.were caught taking7.The farmer had to wear heavy boots in the winter because the fields were too wet and________.A. earthyB.solidC.dustyD. muddy8.If you want to find a decent location for your own home, ________ Mr. Smith for advice.A.turn toB.pass throughC. shut inD. write up9.Construction of the railways helped to develop the national _______ of Tanzania and Zambia.A.economicB.economiesC.economicsD.economical10.________ the concert had begun did we realize what a splendid show it was going to be.A.No soonerB.Only afterC.HardlyD. Scarcely11.After so many days without rain, the ground quickly ________ the little rain that fell last night.A.droppedB. floodedC.graspedD.absorbedA.a good dictionary should be boughtB. buying a good dictionary is necessaryC. you should buy a good dictionaryD. it is necessary that you will buy a good dictionary13.It ________ as a shock to realize that I was not alone in the room.A.cameB.appearedC.arrivedD. reached14.He thoroughly understood the society __________.A.He thoroughly understood the society __________.B.which had he grown upC.in which he had grown upD.he had grown up in it15.Each year in the United States, many black teenagers _______ of school, either because they cannot keep up or they have to work to support their family.A.go outB.drop outC.check outD. pull out16.The student found the novel _______. It provided him with so much information about the subject.A.enlighteningB.confusingC.frustratingD.delighting17.When I came through the customs at the airport, I had to pay ________ on a clock I had bought.A.taxesB.dutyC.finesD.fees18.In the future, more ______ should be placed on the education of the young.A.crisisD.emphasis19.Let's drink _______ Dicks' success in business.A. ofB.forC. toD. with20.She had clearly no ________ of doing any work, although she was very well paid.A.tendencyB.ambitionC. intentionD. willingness第2卷一.单选题(共20题)1.We must ______ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.A.assureB.secureC.ensureD.issue2.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning ________ the behavior of animals dependsmainly on instinct.A.soB.unlessC.ifD.while3.________ from the occasional late night party, our neighbors are very quiet.A.ApartB.ButC. ExceptD.AsA.pave the wayB.work wonderC. point outD.stand a chance5.We regret to ________ that it may not be possible to deal with every request.A. put offB.pass onC.help alongD.point out6.I bought this eighteenth century writing desk at a quite ________ price.A.reasonableB.cheapC.smallD.expensive7.The terrible noise is ______ me mad.A.turningB. settingC.drivingD.putting8.A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, _______ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.A. ifB.whereverC.so thatD. whereas9.It's more ________ to buy a season ticket if you travel every day.A.cheapB.economicC.economicalD.saving10.As you like pop music, __________ I like literature.A.soB.thereforeC.as11.________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.A.If you comparepare themC. When comparedD.A comparison12.________, John has been to several foreign countries.A.Even he is youngB.Young though he isC.In spite of he is youngD. Young is as he13.The problem ________ when the students refused to do their homework.A. aroseB.arousedC.roseD. raised14.I'm sorry I forgot to write; I had so much else ________ my mind.A.overB.forC. onD.about15.For the new country to survive, ________ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.A.to name a fewB.let aloneC. not to speakD. let's say16.Since William had been seriously ill for several months, his parents were worried about________ to return to school full-time.A. he wantedB. he wantingC.him to wantD.his wanting17.General Motors, one of the world's largest auto manufacturers, is expanding its ________ in this country.C.locationD.residence18.She ________ her nervousness to the importance of the interview.A.contributedB.dedicatedC. distributedD. attributed19.I won't ________ those children making a noise in my house!A.allowB.letC.haveD.permit20.The opposition leaders ________ the government for not taking action sooner.A.warnedB.criticizedC.threatenedD.urged第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： B2.参考答案： C3.参考答案： A4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： C6.参考答案： D7.参考答案： D8.参考答案： A9.参考答案： C10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： D12.参考答案： D13.参考答案： A14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： B16.参考答案： A18.参考答案： D19.参考答案： C20.参考答案： C第2卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： A2.参考答案： D3.参考答案： A4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： D6.参考答案： A8.参考答案： B9.参考答案： A10.参考答案： C11.参考答案： C12.参考答案： B13.参考答案： A14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： B16.参考答案： D17.参考答案： B18.参考答案： D20.参考答案： B。

Vocabulary Exercises for Graduate StudentsTest 11. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.(A) emphatically stated (B) belligerently(aggressively) argued (C) accentuated(emphasize) (D) entreated恳求（implore, plea, invoke）2. A mythical(imaginary) creature, the dragon was believed to have lion's claws, scaly skin, and fiery breath.(A) legendary (B) magical (C) frightening (D) perplexing3. Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.(A) Previously (B) Strictly (C) Officially (D) Periodically4. The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.(A) migration (B) population (C) existence (D) evolution5. The Depression in the United States lasted until the be-ginning of the Second World War.(A) was avoided (B) continued (C) had been restrained (D) deteriorated6. Mary McCarthy s satires讽刺文学are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.(A) fused (B) prefaced (C) standardized (D) expressed7. In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.(A) archaic(old, antique) (B) degrading (discredit) (C) outstanding (D) entire8. Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.(A) straight (B) safe (C) real (D) rapid9. The company issues an annual report every March.(A) a yearly (B) a comprehensive (C) a financial (D) a product10. Some sea urchins海胆have venomous (toxin) spines.(A) sensuous (feeling) (B) crooked (twisted) (C) poisonous (D) sticky11. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.(A) strange (B) certain (C) inconsistent (D) proper12. The first paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree.(A) dried wood (B) outer covering (C) syrup(sirup) (D) root13. The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.(A) slithering (B) radiating (C) interfering (D) murmuring14. Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.(A) primarily (B) slowly (C) on plants(cultivate) (D) in great numbers15. Ella Grasso, elected governor of Connecticut in 1974, supported the enactment (given, granted) of a freedom-of-information law.(A) passing (B) advocates (C) drafting (D) circulation16. Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan原生动物flagellates鞭毛虫, flatworms扁形虫, and segmented worms片段蠕虫.(A) hostile-looking (B) perceptive (C) primitive (D) strangely formed17. Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味in soaps and perfumes.(A) design (B) texture (C) scent (D) freshness18. In literature, caricatures讽刺画usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric讽刺effects.(A) banter取笑(tease) (B) humor (C) interaction (D) overstatement19. The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.(A) hand-carved (B) roughly made (C) flat (D) heavy20. When carbon is added to iron in the proper proportions , the result is steel.(A) container (B) sequence (C) laboratories (D) amounts21. With the acquisition of smaller companies by larger ones, the 1960's saw a wave of new conglomerates.(A) surge (B) handful (C) suspension (D) dissolution分解22. While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.(A) finally (B) certainly (C) earnestly (D) enthusiastically23. The controls of most modern airplanes can be operated either manually or automatically.(A) by the book (B) by a map (C) by logic (D) by hand24. In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age should be taken intoaccount.(A) numbered (B) stabilized (C) contrasted (D) considered25. Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cultural systems together.(A) obligations (B) qualities (C) links (D) needs26. Alligators still exist in some of the dank潮湿swamps and bayous小海湾of Alabama's coastal regions.(A) weirdly古怪的fascinating (B) mythical (C) drab(monotonous) (D) unpleasantly humid27. Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.(A) reproach (B) improve (C) fortify (D) uproot28. Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.(A) expected (B) chief (C) natural (D) least29. In the northeastern United States, it rains intermittently间歇地throughout the spring.(A) steadily (B) abundantly (C) periodically (D) daily30. An oversight遗漏(miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often results in printed errors.(A) An inconsistency (B) A discrimination (C) A blotch (D) An inattentionTest 21. The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.(A) very friendly (B) very useful (C) very thoughtful. (D) very wealthy2. Cream of tartar酒石, a weak acid, can be added to egg whites to help them foam泡沫when they are beaten .(A) whipped (B) aged (C) boiled (D) cracked3. Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calculate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.(A) on top of (B) next to (C) in spite of (D) with respect to4. One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.(A) most serious disappointments (B) most significant advances (C) most abrupt declines (D) most crucial situations5. People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .(A) easily annoyed (B) ill (C) weary (D) stiff and sore6. Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at present.(A) wholly operational (B) entirely serviceable (C) fully reliable (D) completely safe7. The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and diversified .(A) inflated (B) stable (C) varied (D) well-regulated8. Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.(A) wonder (B) concern (C) resentment (D) detachment9. The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.(A) completely destroy (B) carefully disguise (C) sustain (D) contain10. By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.(A) almost (B) definitely (C) already (D) universally11. Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.(A) eager (B) surging (C) appreciative (D) vigorous12. Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.(A) wiggle摆动slowly (B) breathe quickly (C) rest (D) perspire13. Some children display an unquenchable难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.(A) insatiable贪的无厌的(B) inherent (C) indiscriminate不加选择的(D) incredible14. With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野(A) understanding (B) responsibility (C) interpretation (D) notice15. Food must be moist in order to have a taste.(A) appetizing(delicious) (B) nutritious (C) damp (D) chewed16. The flower bud of a water lily百合opens at sunset since .its opening is triggered(commence) .by the decreased light.(A) alleviated减轻(B) endured (C) set off (D) covered up17. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.(A) as a result of (B) considering (C) cognizant of(conscious of, aware of) (D) whatever18. The fear of smallpox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has no analogy(likeness) today.(A) occurrence (B) remnants残留物(C) witnesses (D) parallel19. How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoesper year?(A) only (B) exactly (C) at least (D) fewer than20. Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the UnitedStates.(A) schemes (B) means (C) tracks (D) variables21. It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.(A) omit (B) explain (C) invent (D) shorten22. The snouts嘴of most mammals are wet.(A) babies (B) noses (C) coats (D) homes23. The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.(A) exhibition (B) concert (C) excursion (D) contest24. The Blackfoot people painted, their buffalo hides with simple horizontal lines.(A) moccasins (B) bones (C) robes (D) skins25. The cougar美洲狮has been spotted in every Canadian province except Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island.(A) tamed (B) sighted (C) trapped (D) studied26. The predominant activities in rural societies are those that involve the production of food and raw materials.(A) principal (B) predictable (C) necessary (D) routine27. The use of barbed－wire fencing by farmers in the nineteenth century infuriated cattle ranchers, whose herds were often injured afterbecoming entangled in the sharp spikes刺.(A) puzzled (B) enraged (C) concerned (D) amazed28. Bay laurel月桂树leaves are still an emblem象征of victory.(A) a symbol (B) a result (C) a suggestion (D) a spoil29. Confined to the red cells of the blood, hemoglobin血红蛋白transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.(A) Compared (B) Attached (C) Limited (D) Attributed30. Laser technology has enhanced the precision of many surgical procedures.(A) cost (B) cleanliness (C) accuracy (D) innovationTest 31. Is it the general availability of the soybean or its high protein content that makes this legume豆类such a popular food?(A) labor-intensive (B) well-liked (C) cheap (D) healthful2. A pouch of tough connective tissue surrounds the elbow joint.(A) elastic (B) transparent (C) strong (D) intertwined纠缠3. Against the advice of his accountants. Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automobiles.(A) recklessly (B) hesitantly (C) greatly (D) routinely4. Patty Sheehan, the 1983 Ladies Professional Golf Association Player of the Year, is known for her perseverance and self-reliance.(A) persistence (B) prudence谨慎(C) patience (D) perfectionism至善论３5. The St. Lawrence Seaway links fifty－six ports in Canada and the United States.(A) needs (B) passes (C) connects (D) benefits6. Herons nest and roost安歇in flocks , but hunt for food alone.(A) cycles (B) groups (C) threes (D) dens牙齿7. X-rays are basically a form of radiation.(A) fundamentally (B) definitely (C) probably (D) frequently8. Motivation is a primary factor in learning.(A) Memorization (B) Aptitude (C) Intelligence (D) Incentive9. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have acute vision.(A) faulty (B) negative (C) minimal (D) condensed.浓缩10. The blues singer Bessie Smith was extraordinarily well known during the 1920's, and later, even when popular taste for the blues began to wane衰退, her records continued to sell.(A) memory (B) flavor (C) appreciation (D) consternation恐怖11. Tranquilizers安定药are often used in the treatment of tension .(A) stress (B) headaches (C) broken bones (D) muscle spasms抽痉12. The painter Les Quinones, whose graffiti art has been exhibited in New York galleries, has also painted outdoor murals壁画in various Manhattan neighborhoods.(A) sold (B) shown (C) kept (D) praised13. Footnotes help to keep the body of a written text free of nonessential facts.(A) complemented by (B) elucidated阐明by (C) imprisoned by (D) unhampered无防碍by14. An early form of softball垒球originated in 1895, when a Minneapolis fire fighter decided to provide a simple and inexpensive recreational outlet for his colleagues .(A) fellow workers (B) friends and family (C) university (D) pets15. As both a religion and a social force, Puritanism has had a widespread influence in the United States.(A) a disturbing (B) a complex (C) an annoying (D) a far-reaching16. Charles Goodyear's discovery of vulcanized硫化rubber began when he inadvertently(unconsciously, unintentionally) spilled a mixture of rubber and sulfur on a hot stove.(A) experimentally (B) unceasingly (C) incompetently (D) accidentally17. A single strand of vicuna小羊驼hair is four times as fine as human hair.(A) nice (B) thin (C) flat (D) wavy18. Off New York Bay, the continental shelf is creased by a shallow valley that can be traced almost to the shelf's outermost edge.(A) depression洼地(B) plateau (C) slice (D) tunnel19. When Washington, D.C., was burned in 1814, Dolley Madison rescued many official papers from the White House.(A) stole (B) filed (C) hid (D) saved20. Although salmon蛙鱼may travel hundreds of miles from where they were spawned产卵, they will ultimately return there to lay eggs.(A) probably (B) reluctantly (C) apparently (D) eventually21. No part of New Hampshire is far from water.(A) mountain (B) town (C) section (D) role22. Most plants depend upon their roots to anchor固定themselves in the soil and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals.(A) secure (B) reproduce (C) moisten (D) distribute23. A corporation is a business organization that is formed to act as a single person and is legally endowed with particular rights and duties.(A) by word (B) by law (C) laudably可赞扬的(D) liberally公平地24. The field of oceanic geography is in the midst of a professional revolution.(A) inspiring (B) undergoing (C) fighting against (D) affected by25. In statistics the most frequently used computations are the mean均值, the median中值, and the mode众数because all are indicators of central tendency.(A) graphs (B) variables (C) calculations (D) words26. In Washington Irving's tale "Rip Van Winkle, "the main character encounters some odd-looking people dwelling in the caves of the Catskill Mountains.(A) living (B) dancing (C) working (D) sleeping27. The Badlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly古怪地beautiful region.(A) truly (B) strangely (C) exceedingly (D) impressively28. Repeated burning of any vegetation cover alters its com-position and hence its contribution to soil development.(A) in conclusion (B) as a result (C) otherwise (D) by comparison29. Standard-bred horses, or trotters跑马, have traits that make them ideal for light harness racing.(A) hooves (B) flanks (C) impulses (D) qualities30. Mildred Helen Mcafee, an educator, was president of Wellesley College from 1936 to 1949.(A) an attorney律师(B) a librarian (C) a researcher (D) a teacherTest 41. The leaves of the eucalyptus桉树tree can be used to make a potent antiseptic杀菌剂that kills harmful bacteria in cuts and scrapes.(A) natural (B) dangerous (C) rare (D) tropical2. Starfish海星, five-armed sea creatures, creep across coral reefs by using suckers on the bottom of their arms.(A) dig deeply (B) move slowly (C) dive (D) jump3. Geologically a southern extent of the Laurent Ian Plateau, the Adirondack Mountains have been mistakenly included in the Appalachian Mountain chain.(A) totally (B) conveniently (C) nominally (D) erroneously4. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawback .(A) property (B) additive (C) disadvantage (D) disparity5. Early in the 1900's, the use of trucks to haul拖运commercial goods developed almost simultaneously with the first widespread use of the automobile.(A) vehicles (B) equipment (C) workers (D) merchandise6. In economic terms, California is more aptly适当地compared with nations than with states.(A) tactfully巧妙地(B) fittingly (C) profitably (D) persistently7. The Women's Army Corps was founded in 1942.(A) supported (B) established (C) discovered (D) emphasized8. Students learning about how life began on Earth may be presented with the puzzling question, "Which came first, the chicken or the egg?"(A) pressing (B) perplexing (C) patronizing要人领情(D) penetrating明查秋毫9. One-room schoolhouses can still be found in isolated areas of North America where there are no other schools for many miles.(A) bare (B) deprived (C) remote (D) developed10. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography地形vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A) rebuild (B) invade (C) dominate (D) tend11. The cylindrical shape of a cactus仙人掌reduces moisture loss.(A) lessens (B) delays (C) redistributes (D) reverses12. The use of aspirin became common in 1899, after the serendipitous (by chance) discovery of its superiority- to pure salicylic acid.(A) fortuitous (B) momentous (C) fundamental (D) valiant (brave)13. A gift to the United States from France, the Statue of Liberty was assembled and dedicated in 1886.A) repaired (B) brought over (C) unpacked (D) put together14. Neighboring states often sign trade agreements with one another.(A) Peaceful (B) Friendly (C) Adjacent (D) Developing15. In 1913 Alice Paul and other suffragists founded the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage.(A) joined (B) headed (C) reformed (D) established16. A whale shark's body is stout but streamlined, like that of a whale.(A) tough (B) brightly spotted (C) striped (D) smoothly shaped５17. The earliest kind of desk was a box that had a sloping lid, under which there was storage space for writing materials.(A) a sturdy强健的(B) a polished (C) an inclined (D) an adaptable18. Boston's nickname, "Bean town, "came from the Puritan tradition of cooking extra beans on Saturday for meals on Sunday, when cooking was forbidden .(A) resisted (B) undesirable (C) not fashionable (D) not allowed19. In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school.(A) stage (B) notion (C) pattern (D) alternative20. In most places, the edges of the continents slope gradually before making a sharp drop to the ocean floor.(A) random (B) sudden (C) dangerous (D) brief21. A lightning flash typically consists of two to forty strokes, each carrying an electric current of over 10, 000 amperes安培.(A) obviously (B) undoubtedly (C) usually (D) invariably22. To ensure maximal voter participation in a presidential election, thorough planning and a voter registration drive are usually required.(A) party (B) poll (C) wagon (D) campaign23. The National Industrial Recovery Act was designed to spur industry.(A) tax (B) stimulate (C) censure责难(D) rebuke斥责24. The transition by prehistoric civilizations from the hunting and gathering stage to the stock-raising and cultivation stage was lengthy and piecemeal 无规律的. .(A) significant (B) domestic (C) irregular (D) interesting25. Bankers provide loans, administer trusts, and offer an assortment分类of savings and checking-account options.(A) an investment (B) a variety (C) a department (D) an evaluation26. Funds from the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930's paid for the introduction of hydroelectric power to the Tennessee River basin.(A) Money (B) Floods (C) Managers (D) Inhabitants27. The Group of Seven, a clique团体of Canadian artists painting at the turn of the century, has been credited with arousing a widespread awareness of Canada's rugged landscape.(A) stimulating (B) prolonging (C) glorifying (D) politicizing28. The St. Lawrence Seaway links the Great Lakes with the shipping lanes (access) of the world.(A) routes (B) centers (C) stations (D) harbors29. Mercury's velocity is so much greater than the Earth's that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in theVocabulary Exercises for Graduate Studentstime it takes Earth to complete one.(A) speed (B) orbit (C) weight (D) diameter30. The demand for videodisc影碟systems is expected to be very great in future years.(A) prosperous (B) alternate (C) coming (D) retirementTest 51. Although people are able to generate a wide range of vocal sounds, any given language uses only a small fraction of them.(A) valid有根据的(B) voiced (C) measurable (D) meaningful2. More than a third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, predominantly in San Francisco.(A) locally (B) ostensibly表面上(exterior) (C) chiefly (D) previously3. Nutritionists categorize food into seven basic groups.(A) clarify (B) grind (C) classify (D) channel4. Some philosophers insist the one way to gain knowledge is through an empirical经验的approach.(A) disseminate散布(B) acquire (C) classify (D) test5. Of all the Underground Railroad stations dotting the northern United States in the nineteenth century, the busiest was run by William Still, theson of a former slave.(A) reaching (B) scattered across (C) approaching (D) bordered by6. In the past, billboards were largely the preserve of advertisers of such products as beverages饮料and tobacco.(A) for the most part (B) in some areas (C) without exception (D) by rights7. Rival traditions of acting have coexisted共存in Western Theater since antiquity.(A) Myriad (B) Rudimentary (C) Stylistic (D) Conflicting8. Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict压缩.(A) become rigid (B) contract (C) close (D) die9. The construction of a house's foundation begins only after engineers have tested the strength of the material on which the proposed foundation is to sit.A) turn (B) cool (C) hang (D) rest10. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State.(A) a disciple门徒(B) a division (C) an embassy (D) an invasion11. Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivity.(A) reorganized (B) started (C) encouraged (D) taught12. There is historical evidence that Pocahontas rendered countless services that greatly benefited the Jamestown settlers.(A) described (B) performed (C) suggested (D) purchased13. Woodrow Wilson endeavored to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organization to settle international disputes.(A) tried (B) needed (C) decided (D) neglected'14. The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged by Any Rand are two lengthy novels that serve as vehicles for her philosophy of objectivism.(A) an escape from (B) a means of conveying (C) ends to (D) chapters in15. We cannot accurately predict how much of the carbon dioxide released by factories as waste will remain permanently in the atmosphere.(A) surmise (B) foretell (C) verify (D) swear16. Potential computer buyers have come to expect versatility, energy efficiency, and simplicity, as essential components of new equipment.(A) necessary (B) nominal名义上(C) suspicious (D) tangible切实的17. Unlike opera, oratorio in general is based on a religious subject and is performed without scenery or stage action.(A) usually (B) strictly (C) everywhere (D) by definition18. When the Erie Canal was built in the 1820's, it was the engineering marvel of its time.(A) wonder (B) dispute (C) frustration (D) model19. A statute法令of limitations is a law that fixes the time within which various types of lawsuits may be brought.(A) sets (B) repairs (C) extends (D) questions20. The epic史诗, which makes great demands on a poet's knowledge and skill, has been deemed the most ambitious of poetic forms.(A) regarded as (B) praised as (C) compared with (D) combined with21. Although research has shown that asparagus芦笋does contain many important nutrients, it is not , as it was once regarded, a panacea万能药.(A) an anomaly类似物(B) a delicacy微妙(C) a life-form (D) a cure-all22. Because gymnasts体操exercise regularly, they have supple柔软bodies.(A) aching (B) humble (C) super (D) limber可塑性23. Many classical music lovers feel disoriented when they listen to modern atonal music.(A) disgusted (B) disappointed (C) lost (D) enchanted24. The Apollo II astronauts were quarantined when they returned to Earth.(A) praised by the press (B) interviewed on television(C) contaminated with lunar germs (D) isolated for medical reasons25. In a rodeo牛仔, a rider's skills are judged with reference to the length of time the rider remains astride跨着a rebellious horse.(A) impressed (B) encouraged (C) recorded (D) evaluated26. Molly Brown was labeled "unsinkable" after she helped to evacuate疏散passengers from the ill-fated ship the Titanic.(A) anticipate (B) comfort (C) remove (D) shelter７27. In The Basket Woman, author Mary Hunter Austin re-corded some of the legends of the Paiute tribe.(A) examined (B) discussed (C) emphasized (D) documented28. The greatest benefit of parks and playgrounds is that they provide a safe place for children to play.(A) clean (B) pretty (C) distant (D) secure29. The Faraday effect was the first demonstration of a connection between magnetism and light.(A) questioning (B) proof (C) achievement (D) symbol30. If treated with strong sulfuric acid and a small quantity of ferric chloride, codeine可待因compounds will emit an intense宣明的blue color.(A) a light (B) a clear (C) a vivid (D) a wateryTest 61. Evolution has hardly changed the horseshoe crab over millions of years.(A) carefully (B) probably (C) scarcely (D) slowly2. While some bacteria are beneficial, others are harmful in that they cause disease.(A) detrimental (B) prodigious巨大的(C) intrusive 打扰的(D) mordant腐蚀性的3. Proteins are composed of more than twenty amino acids that are liberated during digestion.(A) congregated聚集(B) multiplied (C) freed (D) conscripted征集4. The ice cream cone, the hamburger, and iced tea were all introduced at the 1904 Lacidouisiana Purchase Exposition informally known as the St. Louis Fair.(A) previously (B) unofficially (C) incorrectly (D) occasionally5. In just a few minutes, a desert rainstorm can deposit the normal amount of rainfall for one year.(A) standard (B) consistent (C) absorbed (D) restricted6. Although the roadrunner can fly, it normally remains on the ground and relies on its running speed to escape its enemies.(A) haltingly (B) ordinarily (C) permanently (D) periodically7. Two composers having very similar personalities but living in two different epochs would inevitably produce music of two different styles.(A) cultures (B) periods of history (C) sets of financial circumstances (D) countries8. An allergy变态反映results when the body reacts adversely to certain substances introduced to it.(A) negatively (B) spontaneously (C) purposefully (D) quickly9. Contemporary hearing aids can be so minuscule极小的that they fit within the frame of a pair of eyeglasses.(A) tiny (B) light ' (C) decorative (D) flexible10. Since the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 made Milwaukee a major port, both its population and area have increased greatly.(A) popularity (B) accessibility可及性(C) number of residents (D) level of culture11. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce不充足的resources.(A) puzzling (B) controversial (C) terrifying (D) urgent12. Composer Philip Glass created single-handedly a new musical genre流派with both classical and popular appeal.(A) by himself (B) at one time (C) manually (D) boldly13. The upside-down catfish鲶鱼is the only fish that habitually swims on its back.(A) rhythmically有节奏地(B) intermittently (C) customarily (D) casually偶然地14. Individual pollen花粉grains are uniform, so much so that they have been utilized to calibrate校准precisioninstruments.(A) hard (B) complex (C) alike (D) sharp15. Teachers of young children should scrupulously小心翼翼第avoid .ridicule嘲笑and sarcasm讽刺.(A) theoretically (B) naively天真地(C) diligently (D) confidently16. Every facet of a symphony orchestra's performance is the responsibility of the conductor.(A) note (B) chord弦(C) aspect (D) movement17. There are in excess of (more than) fifty species of fluorescent荧光fungi真菌类.(A) microscopic精微的(B) poisonous (C) luminous (D) aquatic 水生的18. Most members of the camel family are found in arid habitats产地.。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填(书)写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

(以下信息考生必须认真填写)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples'way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them. Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound,weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18 ,a busy street might not 19 a motion- sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.英语( 一 )试题 . 1 . (共14页)1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving [D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience [C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously [B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out [C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits [D]sources7.[A]useful [B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9.[A]As well as [B]In terms of [C]Thanks to [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow [B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear [D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on [D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles [D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses [C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example [D]Above all19.[A]identify [B]suit [C]secure [D]include20.[A]appropriate [B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语(一)试题.2.(共14页)Text 1Nearly 2,000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing I've learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it's the cheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.英语(一)试题.3.(共14页)21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use.[B]keeping them from rusting.[C]letting them grow in value.[D]hiding them from the locals.22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.[B]illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.[C]contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.[D]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements.[B]have remained basically the same since Roman times.[C]are less studied than other everyday products.[D]are one of the world's most significant inventions.25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheap technologies bring aboutrevolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology defines people's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.英语(一)试题.4.(共14页)Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”,in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University,these practices,known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years,to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,”they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old,and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a“knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers—this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instructive teaching”,where pupils are ask ed to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents“might also enhance their own social development.”英语(一)试题.5. (共14页)26.According to the first two paragraphs,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing childcare among community members.[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.[C]teaching parenting skills to older children.[D]carrying infants around by their parents.27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society.[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture.[D]the differences between western and African ways of living.28.According to Paragraph 4,the“intensive mothering narrative”[A]alleviates parenting pressure.[B]consolidates family relationships.[C]results in the child-centered family.[D]departs from the course of evolution.29.According to Paragraph 6,what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Instructive Teaching:A Dilemma for Anxious Parents[B]For a Happier Family,Learn from the Hunter-gatherers[C]Mixed-age Playgroup,a Better Choice for Lonely Children[D]Tracing the History of Parenting:from Africa to Europe英语( 一 )试题 . 6 . (共14页)Text 3A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes,Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as Dungeons &Dragons and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world oftext-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”an d the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ecthics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried scarching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his“It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because the internet will be flooded with AI art,"Rutkowski says. “That's concerning.”Other artists besides Rutkowski have been surprised by the apparent popularity of their work in text-to-image generators—and some are now fighting back.Karla Ortiz,an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion's data set,has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright.Artists say they risk losing income as people start using AI-generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes.But it's also a lot more personal,Ortiz says,arguing that because art is so closely linked to a person,it could raise data protection and privacy problems.“There is a coalition growing within arist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,”says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.英语( 一 )试题 . 7 . (共14页)31.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about using AI models.[B]He is popular with the users of an AI art generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts.[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles.[C]make unauthorized use of online images.[D]collect user information without consent.33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences.[B]a new method to identify AI images.[C]AI-generated work bearing his name.[D]heated disputes regarding his copyright.34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulation.[B]offer their services to public institutions.[C]strengthen their relationships with AI users.[D]adopt a different strategy for AI model training.35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to AI art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of AI.[D]Opposing views on AI development.英语(一)试题.8.(共14页)Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,fltering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a“continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries“significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,”as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.英语(一)试题 9 . (共14页)36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as[A]a valuable natural environment.[B]a controversial conservation area.[C]a place with commercial potential.[D]a headache for nearby communities.37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforces water pollution control.[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power.[C]will end conflicts among local residents.[D]may face opposition from mining operators.38.How does the author feel about future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.[C]It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners.[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections.[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges.[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered species.英语(一)试题10. (共14页)Part BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing the comments.Choose the best statement from the list A-G for each numbered name (41-45).There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42) BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced. Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2000 years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value ofthe objects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43) SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent 15th- century Chinese sculpture.It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.英语(一)试题.11. (共14页)(44) VictorAncient art that is displayed in foreign countries by all means should be returned to the original country.The foreign countries have no right to hold back returning the items.I would ask that the foreign nations and the original country discuss the terms of transfer.Yes,there is the risk that the original country will not have as good security as do the foreign countries.But look at what happened to Boston's Gardner Museum theft in 1990,including the loss of Rembrandt,Vermeer,Manet,and other masterpieces. Nothing is absolutely safe,nowhere.And now Climate Change agitators are attacking publicly displayed works in European museums.(45) JuliaTo those of you in the comments section who are having strong feelings about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain and returned to their countries of origin,I would ask you to consider:why do you think Americans have more of a right to easily access the Benin Bronzes than the people of Nigeria?Why are people who live within a day's drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want,but the people of Athens aren't?What intrinsic factors make the West a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being preserved and displayed by their countries oforigin?Ifyour conclusion is that the West is better able to preserve these artifacts,think about why you're assuming that to be true.[A]It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolenartifacts.[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countriesof origin.[C]Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts'copies after the originals arereturned.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authenticobjects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin ratherthan anywhere else.[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must bedecent and lawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countriesof origin.英语(一)试题.12. (共14页)Part CDirectionsRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say-and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundationThe African savanna elephant,also known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.They move between a variety of habitats, including forests,grasslands,woodlands,wetlands and agricultural land.(46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of ing tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have“remarkable spatial acuity.”When finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole.(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected their food.(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants prefered either to eat or avoid when foraging feely.They then set up a“food station”experiment,in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.Free- ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.Their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants,like rats and people,to construct cognitive maps.英语(一)试题.13. (共14页)Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Read the following email from an international student and write a reply.Dear Li Ming,I've got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist,but I'm not sure how to prepare for it.Can you give me some advice? Thank you for your help.Yours,Paul Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email;use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on the picture and the chart below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture and the chart briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer in 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)市民健身区家门口新建的小公园真不错!英语(一)试题.14. (共14页)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题参考答案Section I Use of English1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A 10.D11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.C16.B17.D18.C 19.B20.ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.D 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.AText226.A 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.BText331.B 32.C 33.C 34.D 35.AText436.A 37.B 38.A 39.D40.BPart B41.E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart C46.它们有时会行走60多英里去寻找食物或水源，而且非常擅长判断其他大象的位置——即使后者位于其视线以外。

考研英语试题真题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据所给文章，选择最佳答案。

A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D【答案】C2. 根据文章内容，判断以下陈述的正确与否。

A. 陈述1：True/FalseB. 陈述2：True/FalseC. 陈述3：True/FalseD. 陈述4：True/False【答案】A. True B. False C. True D. False二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从所给的选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。

[示例]In the first place, we should consider the ___ of the problem.A. scopeB. scaleC. aspectD. nature【答案】D三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。

1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. It is essential to maintain a balance between work and leisure.【答案】1. 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。

2. 保持工作与休闲之间的平衡至关重要。

四、写作（共20分）根据所给题目，写一篇不少于200词的短文。

【题目】"The influence of social media on modern society."【范文】Social media has become an integral part of modern society, influencing various aspects of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and interact with each other. However, it also brings about certain challenges, such as privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation. It is crucial for individuals to use social media responsibly and critically assess the information they encounter.【答案】略（考生需根据题目要求自行撰写）注意：以上内容仅为示例，实际试题及答案应根据具体考试内容进行编写。

考研专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to mean ________.A. To cause someone to fallB. To wish someone good luckC. To cause a failureD. To cause a break in a performance答案：B2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of academic writing?A. Formal languageB. Clear structureC. Personal opinionsD. Evidence-based arguments答案：C3. In the context of scientific research, "hypothesis" refers to a ________.A. Final conclusionB. Tentative explanationC. Unproven theoryD. Confirmed fact答案：B4. The term "sustainability" in environmental studies usually implies ________.A. The ability to be maintainedB. The ability to be soldC. The ability to be recycledD. The ability to be ignored答案：A5. The word "disseminate" in academic context means to________.A. Spread information or knowledgeB. Gather information or knowledgeC. Hide information or knowledgeD. Analyze information or knowledge答案：A6. Which of the following is the correct way to cite a book in APA format?A. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.B. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Journal.C. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Website.D. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Conference.答案：A7. In the field of economics, "opportunity cost" refers to________.A. The cost of the next best alternativeB. The cost of the best alternativeC. The cost of the worst alternativeD. The cost of the same alternative答案：A8. The phrase "pro bono" is used to describe ________.A. Legal services provided at no costB. Legal services provided for free to friendsC. Legal services provided for a reduced feeD. Legal services provided for a profit答案：A9. In the context of literature, "allegory" is a narrative technique that ________.A. Describes a real eventB. Tells a story with a hidden meaningC. Is based on a true storyD. Is a personal account答案：B10. The term "peer review" in academic publishing refers to the process of ________.A. Reviewing by the general publicB. Reviewing by the author's peersC. Reviewing by the author's studentsD. Reviewing by the author's colleagues答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ of a scientific paper typically includes the research question, hypothesis, and methodology.答案：abstract2. In a research study, the ________ is the group that receives the standard treatment or no treatment at all.答案：control group3. The ________ is the process of systematically collecting and analyzing data to answer a research question.答案：research methodology4. A ________ is a type of literature review that synthesizes findings from multiple studies on a topic.答案：meta-analysis5. The ________ is the part of a research paper where the writer discusses the implications of the findings.答案：discussion6. In statistics, the ________ is a measure of the extent to which two variables are linearly related.答案：correlation coefficient7. ________ is the process of making a formal request for permission to use someone else's work.答案：copyright clearance8. A ________ is a formal statement of a problem or question that is to be solved or answered.答案：research problem9. In a research study, the ________ is the group that receives the treatment or intervention being tested.答案：experimental group10. ________ is the process of evaluating the quality of a research study based on established criteria.答案：methodological critique三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between qualitative andquantitative research methods.答案：Qualitative research methods focus on understanding social phenomena through non-numerical data, such as interviews, observations, and documents. It aims to explore and describe complex social behaviors and experiences. On the other hand, quantitative research methods involve collecting numerical data and using statistical techniques to test hypotheses and make generalizations. It aims to measure and quantify relationships between variables.2. What is the significance of a literature review in a research paper?答案：A literature review in a research paper is significant because it provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge on a topic. It helps to establish the context of the research, identifies gaps in the。

考研英语真题单选题100道及答案解析1. The new law will come into ______ on the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence答案：A解析：come into effect 表示“生效；实施”，是固定搭配。

B 选项“use”，come into use 意为“开始使用”；C 选项“service”，come into service 意为“投入使用”；D 选项“existence”，come into existence 意为“存在；形成”，均不符合句意。

2. It is difficult to ______ the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language.A. conveyB. exchangeC. transferD. translate答案：D解析：translate 有“翻译；转化”之意，这里指翻译外语中习语的确切意思。

A 选项“convey”表示“传达；传递”；B 选项“exchange”意为“交换；交流”；C 选项“transfer”意为“转移；调任”，均不符合语境。

3. The doctor has ______ a new treatment for the disease.A. come up withB. caught up withC. kept up withD. put up with答案：A解析：come up with 意为“想出；提出”，这里指医生想出了新的治疗方法。

B 选项“caught up with”表示“赶上；追上”；C 选项“kept up with”意为“跟上；不落后”；D 选项“put up with”意为“忍受；容忍”，都不符合句意。

4. The company is ______ a new advertising campaign to attract more customers.A. launchingB. operatingC. conductingD. performing答案：A解析：launch 有“发起；推出”之意，launch a campaign 表示“发起一场活动”。