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Book 2 Unit 7

Book 2 Unit 7
Book 2 Unit 7

Book 2 Unit 7

Text A Leisure and Leadership休闲及其引导

I. 课文简介

leisure:free time, spare time, freedom from work 休闲

lead v. 领导a. 领导的n. 领导;铅

leader n. 领导人;leadership n. 导向,引导

第一部分:现代人越来越重视休闲活动与生活质量。

Paras.1-2 As far as "quality of life" is concerned, leisure plays an important role in life. Modern people attach increasing importance to leisure and quality of life.

第二部分:不同的人对休闲时间的利用也不一样,主要取决于他们的工作性质和生活方式。

Paras.3-6 The specific use of leisure varies from person to person, which mainly depends on their work and life style.

第三部分:我们从社会中才获得各种兴趣。大众在积极利用休闲方面需要指引和领导。

Paras.7-9 We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our society. The public need guidance and leadership in taking positive attitudes towards leisure.

第四部分:休闲有可能影响我们的工作。

Para.10 Leisure will in return encourage academic work. (Leisure will likely have influence on our work.)

(说明:研究表明,在就业工作中的劳动者不能发挥任何创造性,而玩乐的作用之一,就是帮助人们表达在就业工作中被压抑的潜在性,重新找回自我。在今后我国将会出现娱乐指数,出现休闲支出的年增长率,这可能成为国家经济发达与否的一个隐性指标。)

II. New Words

1.leadership n. 领导;领导人员

2.research n./vi. 研究,调查

3.attach vt.固定住, 系;附加;把(重点)放在

4.possession n. 有,拥有

5.satisfaction n. 满意,满足

6.relaxation n. 松弛,放松

7.desirable a. 称心的,合意的,理想的

8.occupation n. 占领;占有;职业

9.portray vt. 描绘,描写

10.urban a. 城市的,都市的

11.stressful a. 紧张的,压力重的

12.loom vi. 隐隐呈现,逼近

13.renewal n. 更新,重新开始

14.underlie vt. 支撑;构成

15.acquire vt. 获得,得到

16.recognition n. 认出,承认

17.impart vt. 把… 分给,给予

18.positive a. 明确的;积极的;正的,阳性的

19.motivate vt. 作为… 的动机;激发

20.relevant a. 贴切的,中肯的

https://www.doczj.com/doc/c510179348.html,municator n. 传播者,传播工作者

22.participation n. 参加,参与

23.attainment n. 达到,到达

Phrases and Expressions

1.be concerned with 关于,涉及,忙于;关心,关切

2.to attach importance to 认为… 很重要

3.to take to 开始从事;养成…的习惯

4.to put … to use 使用,利用

5.be relevant to 与…有关

6.on the part of 在…一方;就… 而言

7.to set … as objective 把…作为目标

词汇精讲:

1.attach :vt. 固定住,系;附加;把(重点)放在

She attached a chain to the dog's collar. 她把链条拴在狗的项圈上。

She attaches great importance to being financially independent.

她认为在经济上独立很重要。

Passengers should attach labels to their bags before boarding the airplane.

旅客在登机前必须在提包上拴上标签。

2.possession:n.有,拥有,pl.财产(总称,不强调每件东西的价值)

对比belongings n. 个人(随身携带)物品;行李

派生词:possess v. 拥有,有

He lost most of his possessions during the war.

战争期间他丢失了大部分财产。

He's had possession of the house for ten years.

他拥有这所房产已有十年。

She has never really been interested in material possessions.

她从未对物质财富产生过兴趣。

satisfy v. 满意

relax v. 放松

3.desirable:a.称心的,合意的,理想的

派生词:desire v.希望,愿望

用法:用在It is desirable that …句型中,that 从句里谓语动词要用(should)+ 动词原形。

It is desirable that he should attend the meeting.

他参加会议是最理想的了。

He has a highly desirable job.他有一份非常称心的工作。

We desire your early reply to this inquiry.

我们期待对这个询问早日回复。

occupy v.占领,占用

describe 描绘

suburban a.郊外的

stress v./n. 紧张, 压力

renewal v. 重新开始,更新

lie v. 躺过去式和过去分词:lay, lain;现在分词:lying

lie v. 撒谎过去式和过去分词:lied,lied;现在分词:lying

lay v. 放置过去式和过去分词:laid, laid

4.acquire:vt. 获得,得到同义词obtain v.

She acquired an original painting by Van Gogh.

她得到了一幅梵高的原画。

I acquired a little Spanish while I was in Peru.

我在秘鲁时学到了一点西班牙语。

区别:acquire 与require

require v. 需要,需求

recognize v. 认出认识

impart 同义词:give

5.positive:a.明确的,确实的;积极的,

反义词:negative a. 消极的,否定的

active a. 积极的

反义词:passive a. 消极的

He gave positive instructions. 他给了明确的指示。

Can you be positive about what you saw?你能肯定你所见到的东西吗?

He always adopts a positive attitude when correcting student's mistakes.

他在纠正学生的错误时总是采取积极的态度。

motivate作"激励,鼓励"讲时,同义词:encourage v. 激励,鼓励

6.relevant :a. 贴切的,中肯的,与… 有关的

派生词:relevance n. 相关;irrelevant adj. 不相关的,不贴切的

用法:be relevant to 与… 相关

Topics for conversation should be relevant to the experience and interests of the students.

谈话的题目应该与学生的经历与兴趣有关。

Any relevant information should be given to the police. 任何有关信息都应交给警察。

His colour isn't relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 他的肤色与他是否是个好律师无关。

communicator n. 传播者、发报机。其动词为:

communicate v. 交流

communicator n. 传播者;发报机

participant n. 参加者a.参加的

participate v.参加

attain v.完成,达到

词组:

1.be concerned with:关于,关切,关注

Her job is something concerned with computers 她的工作与电脑有关。

Your parents are concerned with your health.你父母总是很关心你的健康。

相关词组:be concerned about 关心,担心

2.to attach importance to 认为…很重要

3.to take to:养成……的习惯;开始喜欢…

She was so depressed she took to drugs.

她极度沮丧以至染上了吸毒的习惯。

She's taken to tennis like a duck to water.

她开始喜欢上网球,而且如鱼得水。

相关词汇:take up 从事,占据;take over 接管,接任;take on 具有,承担,呈现

4.to put…to use 使用;利用

to put to good use 充分利用

5.on the part of :在…一方;就… 而言

There was no further hesitation, at least on his part, as to what was to be done.

至少对他来说,关于下一步要做什么没有在犹豫。

as to(中性,无所谓褒贬)关于,至于;cf. as for(有时用作贬义)

I have done nothing wrong on my part. 我什么也没做错。

on one's part =on the part of sb.在某人这一方面

6.to set … as objecti ve:把… 作为目标

The company tries to set the improvement of quality as their objective.

这个公司把提高质量作为他们的目标。

Schools should set students' development in an all-round way as their objective.

学校应该把学生的全面发展作为自己的目标。

all round = all-around 全方位的

be involved in 参与,介入

to amount to 等价于,等同于,实际上

to come into contact with 与……接触

III.课文精讲

⑴Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial

do in their leisure time. observation (n.)→ observe (v.)

indicate vt. 指出,表明。带有两个并列宾语从句, 分别由that和what 引导。

concern 的用法:

be concerned about/with关心,关注;For my life, don't you think I should be concerned(about my belongings)为了我的命,你认为我还会在乎(我的随身物品)吗Book II. Unit XIV. Text A par. 3; Candidates are particularly concerned with

winning 候选人特别关心赢得…Book II. Unit X. Text A last par.;is concerned with reducing关心减少…Book II. Unit XI. Text A par. 11;Many people are concerned about animals and wildlife conservation. 许多人关心动物以及野生动植物的保护。Book I. Unit XIX. Text A. par. 3

concerned有关的,所涉及的from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.从相关海洋的一部分向另一部分Book II. Unit II. Text B. par. 5(做后置定语,修饰前面的n.,意为“有关的,相关的”;departments concerned有关部门)

be concerned that担心…She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine她也担心允许安乐死会削弱…Book II. Unit III. Text A. par. 8;

concern n. 关心,担心:are signs of this increasing concern….是这种日益增长的关注的标志(this par.)(n.做of的宾语);to be better adapted to practical, immediate concerns …更好地适应实际的立即需要关注的事务Book II. Unit XII. Text A. par. 6(n.做to的宾语)

concern v. 涉及,与…相关:for any future that concerns us now就与我们直接相关的未来来说Book II. Unit IX. Text A. par. 1;They concern the common things of life… Book I. Unit IX. Text A. par. 1他们涉及到生活中的普通事物…

concerning prep. 关于I'm telephoning concerning a bill you haven't paid.

As far as I'm concerned, 就我个人来说

译文:观察与研究成果表明,生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会和休闲中他们能干些什么。

⑵The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of service for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

此句主语较长(划线部分),分为两个部分, 即:"The importance people attach to paid holidays"(人们对带薪休假的重视)和"the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation"(大众娱乐服务的快速发展)。其中"people attach to paid holidays"是定语修饰"importance"。

attach importance to看重,重视

paid holidays带薪假期

译文:人们更为看重带薪假期,以及大众娱乐服务的快速发展,就是日益关注这一问题的标志。

⑶The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.

especially as seen by the individual是定语从句,其中的关系代词as 作主语,相当于which is,谓语动词中省去了is .意思是"特别是在个人看来(个人所认为的生活质量)"

to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual" 是定语从句修饰" the degree"

Generally speaking一般说来

in terms of根据,按照;在…方面,就…而言e.g. In terms of education, every person should have opportunity. 就教育来说,每个人都应该有机会。

to … degree到… 程度We're all involved in this matter, but to different degrees.我们都与此事有牵连,但程度不一样。

译文:“生活质量”这个词很难定义。它包含的范围很广,诸如生活环境、健康、职业、食品、家庭生活、朋友、教育、物质财产、休闲和娱乐等。一般来说,生活质量,特别在个人看来,其意义是由这些不同的生活领域可以供个人享受或者可以使个人满意的程度来衡量的。

⑷As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies)in leisure.

第一个as 是prep.作为。carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time 是过去分词短语作定语修饰activity。第二个as 是连词,引导方式状语从句,修饰动词词组carried out。

vary according to因…而不同

exert vt.施加,付出;产生,造成

carry out完成,实现,贯彻,执行

译文:作为空闲时进行的自己认为适当的活动,休闲具有下列功能:放松、娱乐以及个人的发展。这些东西的重要性随着一个人的工作性质和生活方式的不同而不同。因此,在工作中需要付出很多精力的人,更渴望休闲时放松。受过良好教育、从事专业工作的人可能休闲时更倾向于娱乐或个人发展(例如学技能或培养个人爱好)。

⑸The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding

vary from …to…因…而异

a change of experience to provide…, to learn…, to provide…三个并列成分做television watching的同位语

译文:休闲的具体用途引人而异。即使同一种休闲活动,不同的人用法也不同。这样一来,看电视这种很普通的休闲活动可能有以下不同的用途:改变体验

来"逃避"工作的压力和紧张;更多了解自己周围正在发生的一切;通过对比节目中描绘的别人的经历,提供一个理解自己的机会。

⑹In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it(=whether it is) television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life.

in which 引导定语从句修饰urban society

loom large显得严重(突出),阴影逼近;(问题等)赫然存在,显得严重

是让步状语从句,省去了连接词

whether, 系动词be 放到了主语it 之前。

bird-watching.

译文:在城市社会中,结构紧密、节奏快捷、充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活,某种不同性质的体验,不管是看电视还是看鸟,都能导致自我更新和一种更加"平衡"的生活方式。

and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

take to培养;喜欢;开始从事(注意to是prep.,后面跟n.或doing)

Since 引导原因状语从句, that 引导定语从句

译文:由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事,个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好,并以能为自己带来享乐和满足的方式参与某项活动。

⑻Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

第一句中that引导定语从句修饰our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences.

recognition that 和belief that的两个that 从句都是同位语从句,修饰recognition 和belief

be related to与…有关

a variety of=various多种多样的

amount to相当于;达到,到…之多His words amount to a refusal. 你的话相当于拒绝。

put … to good use对…充分利用(cf. take full/good advantage of, make good/full use of等)

译文:我们的喜爱与厌恶、品味与偏爱构成了我们这些选择的基础,例如读书、看电影、野营、或者某些文化追求,所有这些活动均与社会环境和学习经历有关。我们从家庭、学校、工作和大众媒体中获得对各种事物的兴趣。基本上说,这种态度相当于承认休闲是生活的一个重要方面,相当于相信休闲能够并且应该充分利用。

⑼Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.

第一句中find后that 引导的是宾语从句。在宾语从句中,主语是动词不定式to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public, 谓语是系表结构is essential;for之后的部分是介词短语作essential 的目的状语。

第二句的主干结构是主语从句,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是that the people …。handle leisure"。在主语从句中,主语是the people,with whom we come into contact in these various contexts是其定语。我们在这些不同环境中接触的人在本句中,介词with提前到whom 前面。谓语是are all likely to have exerted some influence很可能产生某些影响;shaping 后接三个并列宾语,即our attitudes, interests 和skills;relevant to how we handle leisure 是形容词短语作后置定语修饰skills , 其中的how we …是relevant to 的宾语从句。

impart…to…把…灌输给…

it can be argued that(我们)可以(坚持)认为…

come into contact with与… 相联系,与…接触

be likely to do sth.可能做…

in shaping 在塑造…的过程中

be relevant to 与…有关

译文:从事娱乐业的专业工作者也会发现,培养大众积极的休闲态度对促进他们以创造性的、令人满意的方式利用休闲时间十分必要。因此,可以这么说,我们在不同环境中接触的人都可能对形成我们的态度、兴趣、甚至对如何处理休闲时间的技巧产生某些影响。这种影响就是一种引导。

⑽Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicator in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the

sports and cultural pursuit are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

the degree 和the ways后各接一个由介词+ which 引导的定语从句。由于两个定语从句除了介词不同外,其他部分相同,所以第一个定语从句省去了与第二个定语从句相同的部分。

be capable of doing能做…(注意prep. of后跟n.或doing;cf. be able to do sth.)arouse vt.唤起,激起(cf. raise vt.提高;筹集;rise vi.上升;arise vi.产生)to the degree that 达到…程度

in the way that 以…的方式

contribute to sth. 对…有贡献;有助于

on the part of在…一方;就…而言

译文:父母、学校的老师、工作中的同事、大众媒体的传播工作者都能对我们的兴趣产生潜在的影响。例如,学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起一定作用。

⑾Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

set … as objective把… 看作是目标;the attainment of a balanced development of the person 是set 的宾语,as their educational objective 是宾语补足语,因为宾语较长,所以后置。

最后一句是句型:the more +主语+谓语+其它,the more+主语+谓语+其它:越… 越…

译文:学校常常把达到个人均衡发展定为它们的教育目标。对此追求得越认真,就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学业持积极态度。

附:重点句

1.The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of

service for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

2.Generally speaking, the quality of life, especial as seen by the individual, is

meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.

3.As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time leisure has the

following functions:relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal

development.

4.Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure

activity:a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work;to learn more about what is happening in one's environment;to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life

experiences as portrayed in the programmes.

5.In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work

looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life

6.Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such

activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural

pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences.

7.Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area

of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

8.Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive

leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.

9.Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these

various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our

attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.

10.Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicator in or using the

mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests.

11.For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages

participation in games, sports and cultural pursuit are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

12.The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards

leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

Ex. I. adbdc

Ex. II.

1.leisure n.休闲

2.available adj.可得到的

3.desirable n.值得做的,称心的,合意的

4.strain n.拉紧,绷紧(cf. stress压力;tension紧张)

5.portray v.塑造

6.stressful adj.有压力的

7.context n.环境;语境

8.variety n.多样性;a variety of多种多样的

9.impart n.灌输,传授

10.motivate n.鼓励;激发

Ex. III.

1.relax放松

2.entertain娱乐

3.recognize认出,承认

4.possession =>possess拥有

5.observe观察

6.recreate娱乐(He recreates/entertains himself with music他以音乐自娱自乐。);

再创造

7.satisfy使满意

8.occupation职业;占领=>occupy占领;使忙于(be occupied with忙于…;)

9.pursue追逐,追求(cf. in pursuit of追逐)

10.attain达到;完成

Ex. IV.

1.at (arrive at到达小地方用at,大地方用in)

2.my (when my turn came 等轮到我的时候)

3.asked询问

4.visit (visit 的n. 和v.同形)

5.honeymoon (on one's honeymoon度蜜月)

6.forward (look forward to朝…前看;盼望)

7.other (one…the other二者之:一个…另一个…)

8.sir先生

Ex. V.

1.The term "quality of life" covers(包含)a lot. (注意这里不要用concern;

concern:a. be about关于;b. be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 对…事关重要;关系到;影响到;cf. cover: include; consist of; take into account 包括;网罗;涉及)

2.In a society with fast pace and stressful work, finding time to relax yourself

具有;contribute to有助于=be helpful to;另外注意汉语的主谓结构“生活节奏快、工作压力大”翻译成英语的偏正结构名词短语)

3.One's likes and preferences (=One's interests and hobbies) are all related /relevant

to social contexts and personal learning experiences.

4.Positive leisure attitudes are essential for motivating people to use their leisure

time in a creative way.

5.***Observation and research findings indicate that people are increasingly

concerned with the quality of life.

Vocabulary

Ex. I.

1.desirability 渴望性;满意性(n.作宾语;谁也不会怀疑身体好是人人都渴望

的。);desires愿望,渴望(n.做主语);desirable令人满意的;人人渴望的【adj.作表语;注意desirable--- that can be desired表示被动:sth. is desirable.

某物是令人满意的Cf. sb. is desirous of sth.某人渴望某物;sb. is desirous that sb. (should) do sth.某人渴望…】

2.occupation占领(n.做under的宾语);occupies占有(v.作谓语);occupant

居住者,租客(n.做主语);occupation职业(n.做表语)

3.preference嗜好,偏好(类似于hobby,n.做主语;我更喜欢野花,而不是人

工培植的花。);preferably最好(adv.做状语;你最好还是早上来。);preferable 更好的,更可取的(be preferable to比…更好;贫穷胜过身体不好。);prefer 宁愿,喜欢(v.作谓语;注意后面更了虚拟语气的从句;我们更愿意充分讨论了这个计划后再实施。)

4.recognizable可辨认的(adj. 做shape的定语); recognition辨认(n.做beyond的

宾语);recognize认出(v.做谓语)

5.satisfaction满意(n.做to的宾语;to the satisfaction of让…满意的是;cf. to one’s

surprise /relief /astonishment让…吃惊的是;/让…放心/宽慰的是;/让…大吃一惊的是);satisfied满意(be satisfied with);satisfying令人满意的(现在分词作adj.,=satisfactory,但更强调动作);satisfy满足(v.不定式做表语);

satisfactory令人满意的(adj.做定语;和pleasant并列,所以这里不能用

satisfying)

Ex. II.

1.urban adj.城市的

2.satisfaction n. 满足

3.relaxation n. 松懈

4.acquired/has acquired v.获得

5.concerned with v.pp. 与…有关

6.motivated v.被激励

7.possession n.财产;拥有

8.impart v. 传授

9.participation n.参与

10.loom v. 赫然耸现,隐约出现(大山郁郁葱葱,笼罩在山谷上方。)

11.portrayed v. 塑造,描述

12.desirable adj. 令人满意的

Ex. III.

1.He always takes positive attitudes in correcting students’ mistakes.

2.Before getting on the plane, the passengers must attach labels to their bags.

3.The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good lawyer.

4. A ship loomed in the heavy fog.

5.There is nothing wrong on our part. /Nothing is wrong on our part.

6.Schools should set students’ balanced/full development as their objective. Text B The Time Message

I. New Words

1.elusive a.1.躲避的;

2.难以捉摸的,难以理解的

2.tricky a.1.狡猾的,耍花招的;2.难以处理的

3.slip vi.1.滑动,滑过;2.溜,溜走vt.使滑动;使滑过

4.quicksand n.流沙

5.oversupply vt./n. 过多供应

6.wayside n. 路边 a. 路边的

7.flexible a.1.柔韧的,柔顺的;2.可变通的,灵活的

8.readjustment n.再整理,再调整

9.project n.1.设计,规划;2.项目

vt.1.方案,计划;2.投射,映射;3.使突出

10.appointment n.1.任命;2.约会

11.weekly a.每周的;一周一次的ad. 每周;每周一次n.周刊,周报

12.adjustment n.调整

13.realistic a.1.现实的,实际的;2.逼真的;3.现实主义的,现实主义者的

14.underestimate vt.低估,看轻

15.overestimate vt.过高估计;过高评价

16.emergency n.紧急情况;突发事件

17.routine n.日常工作;例行手续,常规;a.日常的;例行的;常规的

18.crash a.紧急的,速成的

19.inflexible a.1.不可弯曲的,僵硬的;2.不可改变的,固执的

20.adjust vt.1.调整,调节;2.校准

21.deem vt.认为,相信

22.assignment n.1.分配,委派;2.任务,(课外)作业

23.freshman([复]freshmen)n.1.新手,生手;2.大学一年级学生

24.kid vt./vi./n. 1.戏弄,开玩笑;2.欺骗,哄骗

25.faithfully ad. 忠诚地;如实地

26.temptation n.引诱,诱惑

Phrases and Expressions

1.to look ahead to 向前看;展望未来

2.to allocate.……for 分配给……;配给

3.to fall by the wayside 半途而废,中途退出

4.to hang up 1.把…挂起来;2.挂断(电话);3.延迟,拖延

5.to throw off 扔掉;摆脱

6.to work out 作出;制定出

7.up to date 1.最新的,新式的;2.切合目前情况的(on)

8.to kid.……into doing 欺骗…去做…

9.to stick with 坚持;继续

重点词汇精讲:

elude v.逃避

1.slip:v.滑动,滑过

I held her firmly by the arm in case she slipped on the ice. 我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊,以防她在冰上滑倒。

Just slip out of the room while nobody's looking.

趁人没注意赶紧溜走。

2.flexible:a.柔韧的,灵活的

派生词:inflexible a. 不可弯曲的,僵硬的

3.adjustment:n.调整

派生词:adjust v.调整

He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. 他使自己很快适应了这个国家的炎热的气候。

I adjusted my watch yesterday, but it is gaining time again. 我昨天刚对了表,但现在又走快了。

4.underestimate:vt.低估,看轻

派生词:estimate v. 评价,评估;overestimate vt.过高估计;过高评价

词组:

1.to look ahead to:向前看,展望未来

Look straight ahead, and you will see the ship in the distance. 直视前方,你就会看到远处的轮船。

Looking ahead to the 21stcentury, what shall we do?展望二十一世纪,我们该怎么办?

2.to allocate … for:分配给,配给

The teacher allocated tasks to each of us. 老师给我们每个人都分配了任务。

How much funds has the government allocated for the project?

政府给这项工程拨了多少款?

3.to fall by the wayside :半途而废,中途退出

Cheer up, don't fall by the wayside. 打起精神来,不要半途而废。

Are councilmen allowed to fall by the wayside. 议员可以中途退出吗?

4.to hang up:把电话挂断;

She hung up before I could explain to her. 我还没来得及向她解释她已经挂断了电话。

Hang your coat up on that hook. 把你的上衣挂在那个挂钩上。

to hold on 别挂断

5.up to date:最新的,新式的;切合目前情况的

She always wears clothes that are right up to date. 她总是穿着最时尚的衣服。

We agree to this plan because it is up to date. 我们同意这个计划,因为它切合目前

的情况。

6.kid sb. into doing sth. 欺骗… 去做…

He was kidded into believing that he won the lottery. 别人骗他说他赢了彩票。

He kidded the little boy into believing him. 他哄骗那个小男孩相信他。

7.to stick with :坚持,继续

I stick with my original idea. 我坚持我原来的主张。

II.课文分析

loud and clear. The message?

1.You may have been exposed to this idea before, but this time try to hear. (para.1)注意:情态动词+ 完成式,表示也许,可能,应该,想必已经做了某事

你也许以前接触过这一思想,不过这次试着听一听。

2.There is a message that is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear.

该句是由and连接的并列句,在后半句中,it是形式主语,that从句是实际主语,句意为:

"有一条信息要传达给你,重要的是,这条信息响亮而清楚地传到你的耳际。"

Time management!

Time is elusive and tricky. It is the easiest thing is the world to waste -the most difficult to control. When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need. Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand. You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations .For example, as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term you may

3.You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations.

在that引导的宾语从句中,you have left 是定语从句修饰the little time ,省略了关系代词。

to cover all your obligations 是stretch 目的状语;obligations:职责、责任。

全句大意为:你可能突然发现无法延长所剩不多的时间来完成所有应做的工作。Control!

Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. If you don't make it work for you, it will work against you. You must become the master of time, not the servant.

Study hard and play hard is an old proverb, but it still makes sense. You have plenty of time for classes, study, work, and play if you use your time properly. It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.

4.Study hard and play hard is an old proverb, but it still makes sense.

努力学习,尽兴游戏是一则古老的谚语,但它今天仍有意义。

5.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study. 动词count意思是:重要,有价值,起作用

强调句,正常语序It is not … but … that counts. 由于被强调部分过长,所以倒装。全句大意为:起作用的不是你分配多少学习时间,而是你真正学到了多少东西。例如:It is not what to read that counts but how to read.

不是读什么书起作用而是怎样读书。

Too much wasted time is bad medicine. The more time you waste, the easier it is to

becomes a drug. When this happens, you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside. A full schedule is a good schedule.

college life demands some degree of time control. There is no escape. So what's the next step?If you seriously wish to get the time message, this passage will give it to you. Remember - it will not only improve your grades but also free you to enjoy college life more.

6.Remember-it will not only improve your grades but also free you to enjoy college life more.

注意此句中free是动词,意思是:释放,使自由

记住,这不仅会提高你的成绩,而且会让你更好地享受大学生活。

Message 1.Time is valuable -control it from the beginning.

Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term and readjust it with each new project. Thus you can spread your work time around a little.

Message 2. Get the notebook habit.

Go and buy a pocket-size notebook. There are many varieties of these special notebooks. Select the one you like best. Use it to schedule your study time each day. You can also use it to note important dates, appointments, addresses, and telephone numbers.

Keep it with you at all times.

Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule.

The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule. Once prepared, follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments. Sunday is an excellent day to make up your schedule for the following week. Write in your class schedule first. Add your work hours, if any. Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study. Keep it simple.

7.Once prepared, follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments.

此句是祈使句,Once prepared作状语,完整的表达为:Once your weekly study schedule is prepared.

一旦你的每周学习日程表制定,每个星期都照着日程表去做,只须做些微调。

8.Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study.

定语从句都省略了关系代词that或which, feel后边是宾语从句。

全句大意为:然后,写下每天你认为应该分配给学习的时数。

Message 4.Be realistic.

When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Don't underestimate. Overestimate, if possible, so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up. Otherwise your entire routine may get thrown off balance while you devote night and day to crash efforts. Message 5.Make study time fit the course.

How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors:(1)your ability, (2)the difficulty of the class, (3)the grades you hope to achieve, and(4)how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should schedule a minimum of one hour of study for each classroom hour. In many cases, more will be required.

A good schedule must have a little give (=flexibility) so that special projects can be taken care of properly. Think out and prepare your schedule each week and do not become a slave to an inflexible pattern. Adjust it as you deem necessary.

9.A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can be taken care of properly.

此句中give是名词,意思是:弹性

so that 引导目的状语从句。

全句大意为:一个好的日程表必须有一定的弹性,使特别的项目能得到妥善处理。

Message 7.Study first - fun later

You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed your study responsibilities. So, where possible, schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities. This is a sound principle to follow, so keep it in mind as you prepare your first schedule.

Message 8. Study some each class day.

Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a

but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.

Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule, so why kid yourself into thinking you don't need one? You do. Later on, when you

operate without it. Of course the schedule is only the first step. Once you have it prepared, you must stick with it and follow it faithfully. You must push away the many temptations that are always present or your schedule is useless. Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work.

10.You must push away the many temptations that are always present or your schedule is useless.

用连词or(否则)连接的并列句,前半句中有一个定语从句。

全句大意为:你必须摆脱常常出现的许多诱惑,否则你的日程表就一点用处也没有了。

Ex. I. TTTTTFFFFT

Ex. II.

1.elusive难以捉摸的(时间是难以捉摸的---它总是容易溜走的)

2.tricky狡猾的(时间是狡猾的---它总是难以对付的)

3.waste浪费;control控制

4.quicksand流沙

5.control控制;against反对

6.servant仆人

7.full排得满满的

8.appointments约会;addresses地址;telephone numbers电话号码

9.underestimate低估;overestimate高估

10.temptations诱惑

Vocabulary

Ex. I.

1.appointment预约;meeting会议;fashion show时装展览会;garage sale车库

大甩卖

2.work out理解;stick with坚持;work on 在…上花功夫;refer to指;参考;

3.slipping goods through customs偷偷带货过关;work out解决;hang up挂起

来;延误;throw off扔掉;

4.adjust to 适应;adopt采纳;收养;apply 应用,申请;descend下降

5.faithfully忠实地;realistically现实地;elusively难以捉住的;逃避地;flexibly

灵活地

Ex. II.

1. B. 认为considered/thought; cf. thought of 考虑,想起

2.difficult (tricky狡猾的);alarming令人吃惊的;impractical不实际的(cf.

impracticable行不通的);double双的,两个的

3.not easy to catch (elusive难以捉摸的);fantastic异想天开的;escaping逃避的;

primitive原始的

4.assigned分配,划拨;contributed贡献;provided提供;divided区分,划分

5.put off 推迟,延误(hung up延误);hold on坚持;slow down减速,放慢;

put up竖起,展出

语法一些常用介词的基本词义和用法辩异

语法

一、介词(前置词)preposition

定义:起介绍、媒介作用的词

位置:通常放在名词、短语或从句之前。介词+宾语=介词短语(prepositional phrase)

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。它是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,但是介词有其基本的词意。

介词的搭配能力很强,介词短语用于表达种种不同的意思,还可以担任句子成分,(表、定、状语和补语)。介词的使用主要是习惯问题,英语中大部分惯用语都是由介词与其他词的搭配构成的。

1.表示时间的介词(三组)

(1)at、in、on、during

at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间,

in表示一天中的各部分时间,如上午、下午、晚上等,或较长的时间,如星期、月、季、年、年代、世纪等。

on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午等。

during表示一段时间,强调时间的延续,意为"在………期间""在……过程"

(2)for, since

for也表示一段时间,强调时间是经过的长久。表示时间区间,可长可短。

Since表示"从某时其直到现在"之意常用于带有完成体动词的句子中。从某时起到现在。

(3)from, by

from 表示"从某时起"到某个时间,这个时间可以是过去、现在或将来。

by表示"到某时止"、"不迟于"、"在某时以前"。

2.表示地点的介词(五组)

(1)in, at, into, within

(2)over, above 是不是应该显示手写板

(3)under, below, beneath

(4)at, to, towards, for

(5)between, among(st)

3.意义相近,容易混淆的介词(三组)

(1)关于of, about, on

(2)由于due to, owing to

(3)除去except, except for

建议以1.的修改方法将第2、3、补充一下。参照教材和老师的讲解补充完整。补充一点:besides与except的区别及举例

besides 是除…之外还有… except是整个除外,(排除…,不包括在内)

Our teacher invited five of us besides Tom.

除了汤姆以外我们老师还邀请了我们五个人。(除了…以外还有)

Our teacher invited all of us except Tom.

除了汤姆,我们老师邀请了所有的人。(除去,没有,排除在外,不包括在内)

二、that引导名词从句和定语从句的用法

1.that 引导名词从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句)作连接词时,在从句中无实际意义,也不担任句子成分。

(主语从句)It is strange that she didn't come yesterday.

(宾语从句)They say (that)he is much better.

We consider it necessary that a plan should be made before doing a work.

(表语从句)One idea is that fish is the best brain food .

(同位语从句)There is no doubt that many people benefit from heart surgery.

2.that 引导限制性定语从句,作关系代词代替先行词,在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语。

(在第二单元中,讲了that 与which 引导定语从句的区别)

Here is the pen that / which you lost last night.

The woman that / who you saw in the park is our English teacher.

练习

一、英译汉重点单词词组:

1.research

2.attach

3.underlie

4.relevant

5.positive

6.possession

7.desirable

8.relaxation

9.occupation10.urban

11.acquire12.participation

be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective

二、英译汉重点句子

1.People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

2.The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

3.The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.

4.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

5.Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.

6.For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

7.Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.

8.The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

三、汉译英

1.生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛。

The term "quality of life" covers a very wide scope.

2.在生活节奏快,工作压力大的社会中,放松一下有利于健康。

In a fast-paced stressful society, it is good for health to set aside some time to relax oneself.

It's good for one's health to find time to relax in a society of fast-paced and stressful work.

3.人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关。

People 's interests and hobbies are related to social contexts and their learning experiences.

People's interests and preferences are all related to social contexts and individual learning experiences.

4.积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础。

The positive attitude towards leisure is the foundation to encourage people's creative use of their spare time.

A positive leisure attitude is essential for motivating people to use their leisure in a creative way .

5.研究与观察结果表明,人们越来越关心生活的质量。

The findings of research and observation indicate that people are more and more concerned with the quality of life.

Observations and researches indicate that people are increasingly concerned with the quality of life.

四、历年考题

1.A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can _____(take)care of properly. (99.4)

答案:be taken .

考点:情态动词的被动语态。

2.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one should get involved _____ an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction. (99.4)

A. in

B. of

C. towards

D. with

答案:A .

考点:词组get /be involved in 参与… ;卷入…

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未然形:+ないでください +なくてもいいです +ないほうがいいです +なければなりません(ないといけません)基本型:+ことができる/できません +ことです(形式体言) +ことがある +前に

形容词/形容动词/名词: 1、て形 2、~は/が~くなる(になる) ~を~くする(にする) 3、~(な/の)ほうがいいです 比较句型: 1、比较级:~は~より~です。 ~より~のほうが~です。 ~と~どちらが~ですか。 ~は~ほど~(否定)です。2、最高级:~(の中)で~が一番~です。 ~(の中)で~一番~は~です。

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nationwide adj.全国性的 *attract v.吸引 historical adj.历史(上)的architecture n.建筑学Roman n.(古)罗马collection n.收藏品administration n.管理 port n.港口 countryside n.乡下enioyable adj.令人愉快的 *leave out省去 &opportunity n.机会description n.描写furnished adj.配备好装备的fax n.传真(机) possibility n.可能性 plus prep.加上 quarrel n.争吵 alike adj.相同的 *take the place of代替 *break down损坏 *arrange筹备 wedding n.婚礼 *fold v.对折

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八年级作文范文汇编10 篇 一、作文写作 1.根据要求作文。 目: ______如此美 要求:① 在横上添上恰当的,将目充完整;②除歌外,文体不限。③有真 情感,不得套写抄;④用行范的言文字表达;⑤不少于600 字;⑥文章中不 要出真的地名、校名和人名。 【答案】参考例文 微笑如此美 微笑是最好的止痛。人生在世,失在所免,正因有成功的喜悦与失的苦楚,才成了我五 彩的生活。 —— 步入初中以来,人的最大感就是考多,平凡的考,不免有所失意。一眨眼,月考来了,尽 管之前有很多考,但却只是在班上。面一次全校大考,提心吊胆是不必的,然而我却在如 此重要的考中失意了。 那是一个阴森的下午,老在教室里着考的排名,久久未能听我的名字,一个个熟悉的人 名,活像一把把陌生的尖刀,刺痛着我的心。那一卷就像一沉重的石,将我入无底的深 渊。下了,教室里的人影越来越少,最后独留我一个。 一人在与世隔之地,我迷茫的望着窗外,一云遮住了天,太阳同也遮住了我的心。 不知什么候,身后响起了脚步声,越来越清晰,似乎正在向我靠。我不由自主的扭去,是 他,他上着从未停歇的笑容是那么的,以至于我忘了前一秒的 痛。慢慢的,他走到我的身前,并未我感到惊,因他是我最知心的朋友阿A。 很久很久,我都没,只是他始微笑着我。我也不知所措的看着他。目光交的 一刹那,我看到了一种从未有的温暖,加上他那始不的笑容,更像是一熊熊烈火点燃了 我心底最后一希望。 很久之后,他于了:“不要苦着,笑一笑走你的愁吧。”尽管只是一句毫不起眼的,瞬我 体会到了笑的魔力,我的上也开始洋溢微笑,的。 云始未能抵住阳光的威力,我心中的那一片云也消散在微笑之中。微笑是如此的神奇, 又是如此的美,以至于医治好了我心中的痛。 【解析】 【解】 是一道半命作文,作文既了写作情境,又限定了写作范;比全命作文灵活,比作文 更具束性,具有收放自如的特点。半命作文比突出地考了学生的、构思及言表达等多 方面的能力。写作注意以下几点: ①要意,才能确定好的立意。理解“美”的含,“美”,可以从不同角度理解: (1) 具体事物 之美。可以从自己熟悉的人、事、物、景中取一种,而且必是“珍品”来写人、事、物、景的美 或外表、外形的美,如校园如此美,落叶如此美, 某人如此美,家如此美,春天如此美,大海如此美,??(2) 精神面的美:

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