新编大学英语Book-4-第三版课后答案
Unit 1
Vocabulary 1
1)e ntertaining / entertainment / entertained /entertainer
2)r ecognizable / recognized / recognition
3)t empting / temptation / tempt
4)r easoned /reasoning / reasonable / reason
5)a nalyzed / analytical /analyst /nanlysis
6)v aluable / valuation / valued values /value
7)h umorist / humor /humorous /humorist
8)u nderstandable /understanding /understand /misunderstand
Tanslation
1)Lively behavior is normal_for a four-year-old child. （活泼的举止是正常的）
2)Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t afford one. （速度快的车对······有吸引力）
3) Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse argument. （多种多样的论据）
4) I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again.
（我要求我的上司为我解释清楚）
5) Photographic film is very sensitive to light. （对光很敏感）
6)Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. （互相鼓励）
7) Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. （拿他开玩笑）
8) John won’t give up. He persists in his opinion. （坚持他的观点）
9) Ted always wants to be the focus/center of attention. （成为注意的焦点）
10) Is it cheaper if we buy our tickets in advance? （我们提前买票）
Unit 2
Translation
1.However the main drawback with this type of search engine(这种搜素引擎的主要缺陷) is its tendency to include too much information.
2. She is very generous with her time（她从不吝惜自己的时间）--- always ready to help other people.
3. You may have known someone else for 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acquaintance （他们永远只是泛泛之交）.
4. He doubted that the car was hers （他怀疑这车不是她的）because everyone knew she had no money.
5. It’s impossible to forget such horrible events---they will remain in the memory forever （它们会永远留在记忆中）.
6. In a world too often filled with uncertainties （在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上）, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on.
7. The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group （比该研究小组的预报提前了一年）, but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict.
8. I don’t mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn’t make a habit of it （只要她不养成习惯）.
Unit 3
Vocabulary 1.
1) New genetic tests for other dread diseases are appearing almost every day.
2) When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.
3) After her illness, she had become noticeably thinner.
4) I cannot support a policy of which I have never approved.
5) “Bias against girls in not something new; it has existed for a long time in our history,”she argued.
6) No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep.
7) The local authority decided that the present housing conditions constituted a risk for the mother and baby.
8) The president’s participation in the economic summit (首脑会议) is seen as vital to its success.
9) Perhaps he had slightly misled them, but it was quite unintentional.
10) Funding a course is one of the most challenging things people face when considering postgraduate study.
1. …carry over into personal life.
2. …calling on the boys more often.
3. …getting all the laundry put away…
4. …has fallen behind academically.
5. …who’s going to take over…
Unit 4
Translation
1) I think it is up to him to finish the work no matter how long it takes.(-9/7)
2) We decoded to sacrifice a trip for a new car , though it was really hard for us to make the decision.(5/6)
3) He tried not to involve his wife in the management of the company , because in the most cases the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.(2/8)
4) It is vital (of vital importance) to future generations that open spaces and parklands are protected and maintained to a high standard to keep the city increasingly attractive.(3/1)
5) We have reached the agreement at the meeting that the key to this problem is better planning. (1/1)
6) I propose pursuing this question further by considering critically the four theories well-known in this area.(8/2)
7) The house was a completely original design ---neither the interior nor the exterior was copies of any existing buildings of the kind.(-2/5) 8) Through all his life he has made efforts to promote the mutual understanding between the two countries. (2/6)
Unit 5
Vocabulary1
1）necessity / necessary / necessarily
2）disagreement / disagreed / disagreeable 3）decisive / decision / decide
4）choosy / choice / chose
5）led / lead / leading
6）perfect /perfection /perfected
7）determination /determine /determined 8）assist / assistance /assistant
9）imagination / imaginative / imaginary / imaginable / imagined
10）s cared /scary /scared
11）t olerable / tolerant / tolerance / tolerate 12）e xpectant / expected / expectations
Vocabulary2
1) Don’t lie to him. He is bound to find out about it.
2) The mine-workers went on strike, and the railroad unions threatened to follow their lead.
3) He told us that he would take the place of his father in the company for a while.
4) It is all very well to be frugal(节约的), but he goes too far / is going too far .
5) I haven’t seen that student of mine for some
time. Do you think she’s dropped out?
6) Your mother would have a fit if she knew you were here.
7) Let’s face it. We won’t win whatever we do.
8) These products measure up to the national standards
9) When we were young, we were taught to look up to the police.
10) My father can make anything: chairs, tables, cupboards—you name it.
Translation:
1. One of the reasons they became good frien ds…
2. …not by following the footsteps of others.
3. …which means he’ll miss the World Cup…
4. …whether to say she missed him very much or to continue to keep silent.
5. …the days when she was a little girl living with her dad in the country.
6.No matter how insignificant the findings were
at the time…
7. Constantly being criticized by parents …
8. The danger of going too far…
Unit 6
vocabulary
1. 1）sensible 2）relative 3) mechanism 4)requires 5) eliminate 6) crash
7)accordingly
8) exposure 9) ratio 10) partial
Translation
1)He was finally offered the job on the strength of his good memory and the many exams he had passed.
2) She favors a bit of adventures as well as a certain degree of self-government when her children’s education is concerned.
3) Most people who are sick with AIDS want to stay at home rather than spend time unnecessarily in hospital.
4) What if I choose to give small amounts of money regularly over a period of time instead of
donating a large sum once for all.
5) I am afraid, Mr. Peterson, the answer is that we have to be more efficient than our European competitors.
6) The museum does not intend to focus on a particular aspect of modern art, but prefers to offer material for the public to study and compare.
7) She has decided not to go for a drive on such
a windy day even supposing a car was available.
8) I am well aware the fact that you have cut yourself off from your past and have started a totally new life.
Unit 7
1) No one can function properly if he or she is deprived of adequate sleep.
2) John and Mary stayed together only for the sake of the children.
3) If I thought I could get away with it I wouldn’t pay any taxes at all.
4) Bill dropped out of high school at the age of 16 when his parents died in a car accident.
5) I should warn you, Miss Gray. This is by no means the first time you have been late.
6) Don’t you think it’s time we got down to business?
7) The light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one speaker from another.
8) I like to look back on my high school days, which were among the happiest in my life.
9) We could tell that Robert had gone through a very difficult time.
10) She shouldn’t be working so hard? She is 70, _after all__ .
11) I didn’t enjoy marking these papers and I was glad to be rid of them.
12) I’d rather not go to the dance on my own; I do wish you’d come with me.
Translation:
1)…will leave no record/won’t leave a record on students’ transcript…
2)…when confronting /facing difficulty.
3)…beyond the deadline.
4) …to toss the report on the desk.
5) …unlearning all the bad habits…
6) …deprived the house of light.
7) …pop into your mind…
8) …budget his time…
9) …were supposed to be secrets/confidential…
10) …are due this Friday.
Unit 8
?Translation:
?1. Our modern world seems to live by the principle that seeing is believing.
?2. Regular exercises strengthens the heart, thereby/thus reducing the risk of heart attack.
?3. Watched over by guards with guns, they raised their legs in unison and made their way to the edge of the highway.
?4. He had to walk up and down in front of an office half a dozen times before he could summon up enough courage to open the
door.
?5. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily upon divorce./opposed strongly against divorce. ?6. Scientists are on the brink of making a major discovery.
?7. A young person who has finished the course will be given priority over those who have not.
?8.The more comfortable people are in their roles and relationships, the harder/the more difficult it is to adjust to changes.
Unit 1 Sample 1 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success. Pessimists also make those around them very miserable. Therefore, pessimists should change their way of thinking and overcome the negative aspects of their personalities. Here are a few tips for them: 1. Try to smile more often. A smile has great power. It can chase sadness away. It will make you and other people feel happy. And it may even make things easier and better. Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day. A smile is the most important sign of optimism. 2. Build up your self-confidence. Try to discover as many of your personal strengths as you can. Then write them all down. Read them several times when you are getting ready to do something or when you are facing difficulties. Your list will help you see your abilities. 3. Change your way of thinking. Don't always think that things will go wrong or that if they do there will be terrible results. Instead, convince yourself that things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them. If you fail, think about what you have learned from the failure. If you succeed, praise yourself. Don't be too modest! There is nothing more encouraging than self-praise. Try your best to become an optimist. Sample 2 Are you an optimist or a pessimist? If you're a pessimist, here is some advice for you. As everyone knows, pessimism is harmful to people. It makes you unhappy and unhealthy, and even brings depression, loneliness and failure. Pessimists tend to suffer more failures and setbacks because they don't believe they can succeed and thus don't struggle for it. Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. So it is good for you to change yourself from a pessimist to an optimist. Here are some suggestions for you to become an optimist: 1. Remember that everyone experiences failures and disappointments. So when you fail, don't blame yourself too much. It may not be your fault. 2. When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience instead of getting depressed. And next time, you can make your plans to be more successful. 3. When you fail, don't be discouraged. Try again. Don't let negative thoughts hold you back. Just give yourself another chance. So never give up just because you failed. Pessimism is harmful, but it can be changed. Trust yourself and try to adopt an optimistic attitude, and then you will be a winner in life more often. Unit 3 If I Were the Mayor of This City As the topic of the 2010 Expo --- “Bette r City, Better Life” indicates, the ultimate goal of making a city better is to make its people happier. So if I were the mayor of
Unit 1 Listen1_Ex1 Interviewer:Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you? Angela:Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now. Interviewer:Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality? Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer:That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela:Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer:Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela:Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent. Interviewer:Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela:Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am. 1.Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea.(F ) 2.Angela is about 20 years old now.(F ) 3.Angela had two different personalities,one at school and one at home.(T ) 4.Sun-Kyung is Anglela's gilefriend at school.(F ) 5.Angela agrees that culture affects personality.(T ) 6.Being expected to two different cultures is sometimes confusing.(T) 1) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listen2_Ex1 I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am. I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People
Unit 1 Love Part 2 Reading-Centered Activities *Reading Comprehension 1. Para.1-4 C para.5-7 A para.8-11 B para.12-13 D 2. 1) They would stare at them. 2) He felt embarrassed/ashamed. 3) He never let on. 4) He usually walked there with the help of his son. 5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station. 6) He liked baseball, dances, and parties. 7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him. 8) He was proud of his son. 9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him. 10) He learned to have a good heart from his father. 3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 4. 1) the difficulty in coordinating the steps 2) whether a person has a good heart 3) a good heart 4) the baseball team 5) sat down to fight 6) what the son has achieved, i.e. serving in the Navy 7) sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks 8) the reluctance to walk with him *Vocabulary 1. 1) urged 2) bother 3) embarrassed 4) adjusted 5) complain 6) kid 7) subject 8) saw to it that 9) coordinate 10) participate in 2. patient--patience enter--entrance Bitter--bitterness complain--complaint Fortunate--fortune envy--envious
Unit 1 Vocabulary 1 entertaining / entertainment / entertained /entertainer recognizable / recognized / recognition tempting / temptation / tempt reasoned /reasoning / reasonable / reason analyzed / analytical /analyst /nanlysis valuable / valuation / valued values /value humorist / humor /humorous /humorist understandable /understanding /understand /misunderstand Tanslation 1) Lively behavior is normal_for a four-year-old child. （活泼的举止是正常的） 2) Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t afford one. （速度快的车对······有吸引力） 3) Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse argument. （多种多样的论据） 4) I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again. （我要求我的上司为我解释清楚） 5) Photographic film is very sensitive to light. （对光很敏感） 6) Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. （互相鼓励） 7) Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. （拿他开玩笑） 8) John won’t give up. He persists in his opinion. （坚持他的观点） 9) Ted always wants to be the focus/center of attention. （成为注意的焦点） 10) Is it cheaper if we buy our tickets in advance? （我们提前买票） Unit 2 Translation 1.However the main drawback with this type of search engine (这种搜素引擎的主要缺陷) is its tendency to include too much information. 2. She is very generous with her time（她从不吝惜自己的时间）--- always ready to help other people. 3. You may have known someone else for 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acquaintance （他们永远只是泛泛之交）. 4. He doubted that the car was hers （他怀疑这车不是她的）because everyone knew she had no money. 5. It’s impossible to forget such horrible events---they will remain in the memory forever （它们会永远留在记忆中）. 6. In a world too often filled with uncertainties （在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上）, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on. 7. The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group （比该研究小组的预报提前了一年）, but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict. 8. I don’t mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn’t make a habit of it （只要她不养成习惯）. Unit 3 Vocabulary 1.
辽宁省教学成果奖 成果总结 成果名称大学英语教学模式的改革与实践 成果完成人史梅程迎新李素荣闫宝华祝捷 成果完成单位渤海大学 申请等级一等 申报时间2004年11月 成果科类教育学 代码0401222 大学英语教学模式改革与实践 成果总结 一、成果主要内容 （一）确定教改模式，突出对学生进行大学英语综合能力的培养。 多年来，大学英语教学一直把培养学生具有较强的阅读能力作为主要的教学目标，而忽略了听说能力的培养。整个教学围绕提高学生的应试能力进行。课堂教学以教师为中心，教学模式比较陈旧。随着我国社会的发展和对人才需求的变化，我们越来越感到传统教学模式已经不适应新时期对新型人才培养的需要。为此，我部在2001年着手对我校的大学英语教学进行改革，成立了由5名骨干教师为科研骨干的大学英语教学改革小组，负责对全校大学英语教学的改革进行具体的组织、策划和实施。经过认真研究，我们制定了教学改革策略，坚持继承与创新，坚持重点突破和整体推进的原则，以全面提高大学英语教学质量和教学水平。确定了"1515"大学英语教学改革模式，即：一个目标，五个模块，一个主题和五种能力。一个目标就是以学生大学英语综合应用能力的培养为目标；五个模块就是把大学英语教学分为精读、泛读、写作、口语和听力五门课程；一个主题就是大学英语的五门课程具体的教学内容和实践活动都围绕同一个主题展开；五种能力就是指整个大学英语教学过程强调听说读
写译五种应用能力的均衡发展。 （二）加强课程体系和教学内容的改革和建设，是实现英语教学改革基本目标的重要保证。 按照大学英语"1515"教学模式的要求，我们改革了课程体系和教学内容。首先，把大学英语教学分为五门课程，即在过去只开设精读、听力课的基础上，增设泛读、写作和口语课。将周学时的比例定为"2111"，即精读课每周2学时，其他均为每周1学时。将大一和大二的基础英语由每周的4学时增加到5学时，在大三增设每周2学时的考研英语选修课。 其次，从01年起，我们使用了浙大编写的《新编大学英语》和把上海外教社出版的《全新版大学英语听说教程》。把《新编大学英语》的In-class Reading（课内阅读）作为精读教学的内容，After-class Reading (课后阅读)作为泛读教学的内容，把Preparation和Further Development中的部分内容、《全新版大学英语听说教程》中的Speaking Tasks和BBC或VOA 中的一些生活英语材料作为口语教学的内容，把《新编大学英语》的listening-center activity 和《大学英语听说教程》中的Part A, Part B, Part C及BBC或VOA不同题材的新闻节目作为听力教学的内容。为了帮助学生更好的理解教材中的内容，我们编写了《新编大学英语课文同步导读》1-3册。在教学过程中除了讲授教材中的内容之外，我们还有意识地向学生们介绍文化知识。我们还播放英文歌曲录音磁带、原文电影光盘等。 课程体系和教学内容的改革，为听说读写译训练以主题教学模式的实施提供了必要的前提。师生们普遍都很认可，一致认为，改革后，课程体系更加系统完整，教学内容更加科学优化，这十分有利于综合技能的训练。 （三）改革课堂教学，引导学生自主学习。 为了更好的进行听说读写译5种技能的综合训练，我们以一个主题为主线把精读、泛读、写作、听力和口语等5个教学模块有机的结合在一起。根据我校学生英语基础很差的实际情况，我们坚持以课堂教学为主，以纸质教材为主。精读课堂以教师指导为主，学生讨论为辅，强调师生互动；泛读课堂以学生展示为主，教师总结为辅；写作以学生操练为主，教师指导为辅；听力课堂泛听以学生为主，精听以教师为主；口语课以学生讨论和展示为主，教师组织为辅。教学的重心由"教"转向"学"，由重结果向重过程转变，注重语言技能的训练。同时，教学过程中，教师通过设计大量Pre-tasks(课前任务),During-tasks (课中任务)和Post- tasks(课后任务)，加强对学生学习过程的精心指导和督促，强调了课堂学习向课外的延伸。在完成"任务"的过程中，学生始终处于一种积极的、主动的学习心理状态。不同课堂中丰富多彩的实践活动，不仅使学生在反复地使用相关词汇、短语和句子的过程中，提高他们实际的应用语言能力，而且在教师的有目的、有计划地指导下，使学生逐渐地养成了良好的自主学习的习惯。自01年在渤海大学本科教学中开始实施教改以来，深受学生的欢迎。学生称该课程是他们最感兴趣和很有收效的课程。 （四）改进教学方法和手段，形成了教学方法的多样化和教学风格个性化。 要达到培养学生综合能力的目标，实施大学英教学模式的改革，就必须改进教学方法。99年以前，我们的英语教学主要是以传统的翻译教学法为主。从01年起，我们彻底改变了此做法。采用灵活多样的教学法。如精读课，我们主要采取"语篇分析法"。如听力课，以提问和讨论相结合、精听和泛听相结合、真题实战等方法进行。如口语课，以小组讨论、口译、口头作文、小组展示、对话、小品等多种方式来进行。如写作课，注重精讲多练的原则，以笔译、写课文摘要、看图写话、命题作文等形式进行操练。如考研英语课堂采用了"英语词汇联想记忆法"、"三位一体翻译法"及"语篇分析法"进行词汇、翻译和阅读训练。同时，各种课堂还把先进的现代化手段如光盘、多媒体课件等与教师讲授相结合，增加了课堂教学的信息量和趣味性。教学过程中，我们还鼓励教师遵循教学规律，博采众长，结合实际，不断创新，形成了自己的教学特点和风格。每年暑假前，我们都在部内组织召开全体外语教师参加的特色经验交流大会，历时2天，先是以教研室为单位分组交流，每一位教师都发言，对自
Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持
不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实
Unit 2 Communication Problems Some people say that winning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful, and other think winning means being happy. I think winning means doing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can only live in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We shouldn’t think too much about what we can get form this world. Instead, we should think about what we can leave in this world. The one who can make more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example, cleaning the street is a humble job in many people’s eyes, but in my opinion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They make our city more beautiful. They give us a better environment and consequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people make money at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: they cheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winners or losers? It’s time to give it a second thought. Unit 3 Born to Win Some people say that winning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful, and other think winning means being happy. I think winning means doing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can only live in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We shouldn’t think too much ab out what we can get form this world. Instead, we should think about what we can leave in this world. The one who can make more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example, cleaning the street is a humble job in many people’s eyes, but in my op inion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They make our city more beautiful. They give us a better environment and consequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people make money at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: they cheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winners or losers? It’s time to give it a second thought. Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life Sample1 Psychology plays an important role in our daily life. Our feeling and attitudes color the way we behave. Confidence is a good example. In reality, a great number of people complain that they are not able to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. In some cases, this may be true. But in other cases, it means that these people allow themselves to get discouraged. For example, a confident man can accomplish many things. If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well. You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time. A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks. Without confidence you are likely to be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it. You may think you will fail, so as a result you will not try hard enough. As the old saying goes, where is a will, there is a way. In other words, if you have
Unit 1 Personality 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。８．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。９．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。１０．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 Unit3 Social Problems
Unit 3 Born to Win Part 2 Reading-Centered Activities *Reading Comprehension 1.1) Introduction (Para.1) Each person has the potential to win in his own way. 2) The meaning of “winner” and “loser”(Para.2) A winter is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive. A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely. 3) Few people are winners and losers all the time.(Para.3) 4) Winners (Para. 4-7) Characteristics of a winner: A. A winter is genuine. B. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. C. A winner is flexible. D. A winner has a love for life. E. A winner cares about the world and its people. 5) Losers (Para. 8-10) Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationship, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care. Characteristics of a loser: A. A loser lacks the ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. B. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. 2. 1) C 2) A 3) A 4) B 5) C *Vocabulary 1. 1) appreciate A.感激 B. 欣赏，赏识 2 ) capacity A. 容量，容积，容纳力 B. 能力，力量，才能
Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice