Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名
（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名
H2O water不说 dihydrogen oxide
NH3 ammonia不说 nitrogen trihydride
CaO quicklime
CaCO3 limestone
2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名
1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素
ZnO zinc oxide
CaO calcium oxide
CO carbon oxide
Na2O2 sodium peroxide
H2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物
2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
3)Acid酸
Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acid Br: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acid Cl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acid F: fluorine
Oxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代
H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron
HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states：
-ic：the higher oxidation state
-ous：the lower oxidation state
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H2SO3 sulfurous acid
HNO3 nitric acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
If X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：
halogen卤素
per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation state
hypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation state
HClO3 chloric acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO4 perchloric acid
HClO hypochlorous acid
HIO hypoiodous acid
4)Salt盐
General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物）
Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydride
KI potassium iodide
Al2S3 aluminum sulfide
LiH lithium hydride
Oxysalt含氧酸盐 Name the metal ion first and then the anion
Naming anions:
-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)
-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)
HNO3 nitric acid
NaNO3 sodium nitrate
HNO2 nitrous acid
NaNO2 sodium nitrite
SO42- sulfate
SO32- sulfite
AgClO4 silver perchlorate
NaIO3 sodium iodate
KClO2 potassium chlorite
KBrO potassium hypobromite
MnO42- manganate
MnO4- permanganate
Acid salt 酸式盐 Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”
NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate
NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt exists
NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate
NaHSO3 sodium bisulfite
KHCO3 potassium bicarbonate
5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state
Two methods:
①后缀法: 早期使用
stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of M
stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of M
HgI2 mercuric iodide
Hg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromous
Cr3+ chromic Cr: chromium
注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.(mercury is an exception)
Cu:cupr um (拉丁),copper (英)
Cu+ cuprous
Cu2+ cupric
CuI cuprous iodide
CuS cupric sulfide
Sn:stann um (拉丁), tin (英)
SnCl2 stannous chloride
SnO2 stannic oxide
Fe:ferr um (拉丁), iron (英)
Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxide
FeBr3 ferric bromide
②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)
CuBr copper(I) bromide
CuF2 copper(II) fluoride
SnO tin(II) oxide
SnS2 tin(IV) sulfide
Fe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrate
Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfate
Use Greek prefixes希腊文前缀
Mon（o）一 di二 tri三 tetr（a）四 pent（a）五 hex（a）六 hepta七 octa八nona九
1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
PCl5 phosphorus pentachloride
CO2 carbon dioxide
2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.
condensed acid缩酸
H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acid
H4P2O7 diphosphoric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H2S3O10 trisulfuric acid
CrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromate
Cr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate
3. to indicate extent of substitution
PO43- phosphate
PS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differing
in the “content of water.”
ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）
meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）
ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸
H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸
(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸
H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸
H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）
H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸
(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸