2017年中山大学240英语（单考）考研真题及详解
Section Ⅰ: Use of English (10 points)
Directions:Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
One of the most pressing challenges the world will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing (1)_____ the environment. The consequences are just too great to (2)_____ . Wildlife habitats are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new developments (3)_____ more land. Plant and animal species are becoming (4)_____ at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth history. (5)_____ many as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited. And the list goes on.
(6)_____ there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular biology are among the tremendous increases in scientific capability that (7)_____ helping researchers (8)_____ a better understanding of these problems. Recent development in science and technology could provide the (9)_____ for some major and timely actions that would (10)_____ our understanding of how human activities affect the environment.
One priority for research is improving hydrological forecasting. It has been (11)_____ that the world’s water use would triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water (12)_____ have occurred in parts of China, India, and North Africa.
The need for water also is taking its toll on fresh water ecosystems in the United States. Only 2 percent of the nations’ streams are considered in good (13)_____ , and (14)_____ to 40 percent of native fish species are near to extinct.
To prevent outbreaks of (15)_____ diseases in plants, animals and human, more study is needed on how parasites and disease-carrying species—as (16)_____ as humans and other species they (17)_____ —are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has
(18)_____ to the growth of antibiotic-resistant micro-organism. Researchers can take
(19)_____ of new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and
(20)_____ the effects that environment changes might have on diseases outbreaks.
1. A. at
B. in
C. with
D. on
2. A. notice
B. think
C. ignore
D. emphasize
3. A. take over
B. take off
C. take down
D. take up
4. A. dangerous
B. risky
C. extinct
D. insecure
5. A. At
B. So
C. As
D. Such
6. A. Moreover
B. Yet
C. Though
D. Since
7. A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
8. A. hold
B. receive
C. gain
D. pay
9. A. basis
B. base
C. ground
D. stage
10. A. help
B. consolidate
C. hinder
D. improve
11. A. said
B. expected
C. estimated
D. hoped
12. A. supply
B. use
C. pollution
D. shortage
13. A. health
B. condition
C. status
D. situation
14. A. near
B. short
C. close
D. far
15. A. serious
B. infectious
C. unsafe
D. apparent
16. A. much
B. same
C. well
D. good
17. A. infect
B. take
C. affect
D. influence
18. A. referred
B. distributed
C. contributed
D. attributed
19. A. benefit
B. advantage
C. use
D. interest
20. A. see
B. report
C. guess
D. predict
【答案与解析】
1. D 根据原文可知“人类在未来几十年里将要面临的最严峻的挑战之一是如何降低人类活
动带给环境的压力”。“place on”强加于，施加于。故选D。
2. C too...to...太……而不能……，由题意可知“人类活动对环境造成的影响太严重而不能
忽略”。ignore忽略。notice注意到。think认为。emphasize强调。故选C。3. D 根据原文可知作者意在表达“随着新的开发占据更多的土地，野生动物在逐渐失去其
原来的栖息地”。take over接管，接替。take off起飞，脱下，离开。take down 写下，记下。take up占据。故选D。
4. C 根据上下文可知“动植物物种在以较快的速度灭绝”。extinct灭绝的。dangerous
危险的。risky冒险的。insecure不安全的。故选C。
5. C as many as多达。根据原文可知“世界上多达30%的鱼被过度捕获”。故选C。
6. B 作者在上文提到了人类活动给环境带来的残酷的威胁，下文介绍先进科技的发展帮助
研究人员更好地理解这些问题。可知此处是“yet”，表转折，意在表达“我们仍然要对未来充满希望”。故选B。
7. A 根据文中的“Advances in computing power and molecular biology”计算机和
生物分子的发展为名词复数。所以此处用are。故选A。
8. C “a better understanding of these problems”意为“对这些问题有一个更好的了
解”。gain获得，收获。故选C。
9. A 根据原文可知“现代科技的发展是我们及时采取行动的基础”，provide a basis for...
为……提供基础。base基地。ground地面。stage阶段；舞台。故选A。